Relevant bibliographies by topics / Glacial sedimentation

Academic literature on the topic 'Glacial sedimentation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Glacial sedimentation"

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Finkl, Charles W. "Glacial-Marine Sedimentation." Sedimentary Geology 45, no. 3-4 (November 1985): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(85)90008-9.

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Molnia, Bruce F., Austin Post, and Paul R. Carlson. "20th-century glacial-marine sedimentation in Vitus Lake, Bering Glacier, Alaska, U. S. A." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1996aog22-1-205-210.

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Vitus Lake, the ice-marginal basin at the southeastern edge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., is a site of modern, rapid, glacial-marine sedimentation. Rather than being a fresh-water lake, Vitus Lake is a tidally influenced, marine to brackish embayment connected to the Pacifie Ocean by an inlet, the Seal River. Vitus Lake consists of five deep bedrock basins, separated by interbasinal highs. Glacial erosion has cut these basins as much as 250 m below sea level. High-resolution seismic reflection surveys conducted in 1991 and 1993 of four of Vitus Lake’s basins reveal a complex, variable three-component acoustic stratigraphy. Although not fully sampled, the stratigraphy is inferred to be primarily glacial-marine units of (1) basal contorted and deformed glacial-marine and glacial sediments deposited by basal ice-contact processes and submarine mass-wasting; (2) acoustically well-stratified glacial-marine sediment, which unconformably overlies the basal unit and which grades upward into (3) acoustically transparent or nearly transparent glacial-marine sediment. Maximum thicknesses of conformable glacial-marine sediment exceed 100 m. All of the acoustically transparent and stratified deposits in Vitus Lake are modern in age, having accumulated between 1967 and 1993. The basins where these three-part sequences of “present-day” glacial-marine sediment are accumulating are themselves cut into older sequences of stratified glacial and glacial-marine deposits. These older units outcrop on the islands in Vitus Lake.In 1967, as the result of a major surge, glacier ice completely filled all five basins. Subsequent terminus retreat, which continued through August 1993, exposed these basins, providing new locations for glacial-marine sediment accumulation. A correlation of sediment thicknesses measured from seismic profiles at specific locations within the basins, with the year that each location became ice-free, shows that the sediment accumulation at some locations exceeds 10 m year−1.
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Molnia, Bruce F., Austin Post, and Paul R. Carlson. "20th-century glacial-marine sedimentation in Vitus Lake, Bering Glacier, Alaska, U. S. A." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500015433.

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Vitus Lake, the ice-marginal basin at the southeastern edge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., is a site of modern, rapid, glacial-marine sedimentation. Rather than being a fresh-water lake, Vitus Lake is a tidally influenced, marine to brackish embayment connected to the Pacifie Ocean by an inlet, the Seal River. Vitus Lake consists of five deep bedrock basins, separated by interbasinal highs. Glacial erosion has cut these basins as much as 250 m below sea level. High-resolution seismic reflection surveys conducted in 1991 and 1993 of four of Vitus Lake’s basins reveal a complex, variable three-component acoustic stratigraphy. Although not fully sampled, the stratigraphy is inferred to be primarily glacial-marine units of (1) basal contorted and deformed glacial-marine and glacial sediments deposited by basal ice-contact processes and submarine mass-wasting; (2) acoustically well-stratified glacial-marine sediment, which unconformably overlies the basal unit and which grades upward into (3) acoustically transparent or nearly transparent glacial-marine sediment. Maximum thicknesses of conformable glacial-marine sediment exceed 100 m. All of the acoustically transparent and stratified deposits in Vitus Lake are modern in age, having accumulated between 1967 and 1993. The basins where these three-part sequences of “present-day” glacial-marine sediment are accumulating are themselves cut into older sequences of stratified glacial and glacial-marine deposits. These older units outcrop on the islands in Vitus Lake.In 1967, as the result of a major surge, glacier ice completely filled all five basins. Subsequent terminus retreat, which continued through August 1993, exposed these basins, providing new locations for glacial-marine sediment accumulation. A correlation of sediment thicknesses measured from seismic profiles at specific locations within the basins, with the year that each location became ice-free, shows that the sediment accumulation at some locations exceeds 10 m year−1.
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Andrews, John T., John B. Anderson, and Gail M. Ashley. "Glacial Marine Sedimentation: Paleoclimatic Significance." Arctic and Alpine Research 24, no. 3 (August 1992): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551673.

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Pudsey, Carol J. "Glacial marine sedimentation; paleoclimatic significance." Marine and Petroleum Geology 10, no. 3 (June 1993): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(93)90111-5.

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Li, Qianyu, Fan Zheng, Muhong Chen, Rong Xiang, Peijun Qiao, Lei Shao, and Xinrong Cheng. "Glacial Paleoceanography off the Mouth of the Mekong River, Southern South China Sea, During the last 500 ka." Quaternary Research 73, no. 3 (May 2010): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.03.003.

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We have analyzed core MD01-2392, ∽360 km east of the Mekong River mouth in the South China Sea (SCS). Over the past 500 ka, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen-isotopic values are consistently lighter than northern SCS and open-ocean records by up to 0.5‰, indicating the influence of run-off from the Mekong River during both glacial and interglacial periods. Carbonate content is higher during interglacials; sedimentation rates were higher during glacials. Increased sedimentation rates since 30 ka imply increased run-off during the last glacial maximum and Holocene Period. Contrary to general experience, in which it is classed as a warm species for temperature estimates, the thermocline-dwelling species Pulleniatina obliquiloculata increased its numbers during glacial periods. This implies an estuarine circulation and even brackish-water caps during glacial periods, reinforcing the sense of strong run-off. In an overall decline of warm water, the thermocline shoaled stepwise, with rapid rises across the glacial terminations. We infer that the southern SCS was opened to an influx of Indian Ocean waters through southern passages at those times of rising sea levels.
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Alam, M., and D. J. W. Piper. "Pre-Wisconsin stratigraphy and paleoclimates off Atlantic Canada, and its bearing on glaciation in Québec." Cadre stratigraphique et paléoclimatique 31, no. 1-2 (December 9, 2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000048ar.

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Cores from tops of seamounts close to the continental shelf west of the Grand Banks contain sequences of alternating clays (representing glacials) and foram nanno ooze (deposited in warmer periods), back to the Pliocene. Although sedimentation in the cores is controlled primarily by glacial conditions on the Grand Banks and Laurentian Channel, glacial history further inland can be inferred. The Wisconsin sequence shows two cool interstadials and one rather warmer one, correlable with the Plum Point, Port Talbot and St. Pierre Interstadials. Clay sedimentation during Wisconsin glacial stages was minor, suggesting glaciers did not extend to the shelf edge. In the late lllinoian, there was a major influx of red sediments, indicating significant erosion of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Laurentian Channel. Glaciation was more extensive than during the Wisconsin. Two lllinoian interstadials, with temperatures between those of the Plum Point and St. Pierre interstadials are recognised. Early lllinoian glaciation was the most severe yet recognised in the cores. Sedimentation appears to have been controlled by the advance of a Newfoundland — Labrador — E. Québec ice sheet across the Grand Banks.
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Lemmen, Donald S., Robert Gilbert, John P. Smol, and Roland I. Hall. "Holocene sedimentation in glacial Tasikutaaq Lake, Baffin Island." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 810–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-080.

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Tasikutaaq Lake, on Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, receives inflow and fine sediment from a 448 km2 drainage basin, 21% of which is glacier covered. During the summer of 1983 the lake remained essentially isothermal between about 4 and 6 °C. The suspended sediment concentration of inflow never exceeded 100 mg L−1 with overflow and homopycnal flow dominant.Surface sediments are clearly laminated, although varves are not apparent. The sediments are very fine, with less than 3% sand in all but the most proximal sites. Average sedimentation rates between 1976 and 1983 ranged from about 4 mm a−1 to 0.25 mm a−1 down lake from the point of inflow. The absence of varves is a function of the low rates of sediment accumulation and the long residence time of the fine sediments in the water column.Three sediment cores up to 135 cm in length reveal marked changes in sediment characteristics and diatom assemblages through the Holocene. During the late Foxe Glaciation it is likely that glacier ice contacted the lake, with retreat upvalley recorded by thinly varved (?) silts. By 7580 ± 140 BP ice had retreated to near its present margins. The earliest diatom assemblage in the cores is dominated by small Fragilaria spp., typical of late glacial, pioneering environments. Sedimentation rates during much of the Hypsithermal were about five times less than at present, with the resulting massive sediments having "nonglacial" characteristics despite the presence of glacial ice in the drainage basin. A planktonic diatom flora suggests that summer lake ice cover was minimal at this time. A climatic deterioration at about 4500 BP marks the onset of the Neoglacial, recorded by a shift in the diatom assemblage to species characteristic of more shallow water environments. Retreat from Neoglacial moraines is recorded by clearly laminated sediments and increasing accumulation rates. In general, laminated sediments relate to periods of high sediment input associated with glacial retreat, whereas massive sediments relate to low sediment input in association with glacial stabilization or advance.
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Leonard, Eric M. "Use of Lacustrine Sedimentary Sequences as Indicators of Holocene Glacial History, Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada." Quaternary Research 26, no. 2 (September 1986): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90106-7.

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Bottom sediments from three lakes in the Canadian Rocky Mountains were examined with the aim of evaluating the usefulness of downvalley sediment studies in reconstruction of Holocene glacial histories. Analyses of organic carbon and carbonate contents of core sediments provide information on changing sedimentation rate and changing relative importance of glacial and non-glacial sediment sources. Sedimentary histories of the three lakes are similar, suggesting that they record regional glacial/climatic forcing, rather than localized events, and thus that they may be useful in reconstructing Holocene glacial history. Lacustrine sediments indicate a period of high sedimentation rates and relatively large glacial sediment contribution prior to 7500-7000 yr B.P., with much reduced rates and decreased glacial sediment contribution between about 6000 and 4000 yr B.P., possibly interrupted by a brief period of increased glacial sediment output shortly after 5000 yr B.P. Sometime after 4000 yr B.P., sedimentation rates and glacial sediment output began to rise again, reaching approximately present levels by 2750-2650 yr B.P., and have not since returned to low mid-Holocene levels. In detail over the last 3000 yr there is some indication of a slight decrease in sedimentation rate for more than 1000 yr after about 2200 yr B.P. Sedimentation rates and glacial sediment input into all three lakes rose between about 900 and 750 yr B.P. and have remained very high since. If the lake sediments are interpreted as a proxy record of upvalley glacial activity, they allow the development of a glacial chronology which is at once generally consistent with, and more complete and easily datable than, the surficial glacial record.
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Leonard, Eric M. "Varve Studies at Hector Lake, Alberta, Canada, and the Relationship Between Glacial Activity and Sedimentation." Quaternary Research 25, no. 2 (March 1986): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90057-8.

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Glacial lake sedimentary records from Hector Lake in Banff National Park, Alberta, are examined with the aim of clarifying the relationship between glacial activity and outwash sedimentation. Rhythmic couplets in lake bottom sediments provide a method for accurate documentation and dating of recent sedimentation chronology, as analysis of 137Cs content indicates that the couplets are of annual periodicity (i.e., varves). A comparison of sedimentation rate records with recent regional glacial history indicates that high sedimentation rates of one to a few decades duration occur either during and immediately following periods of moraine deposition (ie, maximum ice stands) or during periods of rapid ice recession. Comparison of sedimentary records with somewhat longer term glacial and vegetation records indicates that sedimentation rate variations of several centuries duration closely parallel changes in upvalley ice extent. Over this time scale, high sedimentation rates occur during periods of relatively increased ice extent, low rates during periods of reduced ice extent. Within this general pattern, however, sedimentation rates may remain very high for nearly a century following maximum ice stands, due to the exposure of unstable glaciogenic deposits to fluvial reworking during ice recession.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glacial sedimentation"

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van, der Vegt Paul. "Glacial systems sedimentation and tunnel valleys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610766.

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LeNoir, James. "Post-Glacial Sedimentation in Ossipee Lake, New Hampshire:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108650.

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Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder
Land cover and climate changes, attributed to natural and anthropogenic forcings, cause deviations in geomorphic processes that act to deliver sediment from watersheds to lakes. In New England, contradictory evidence exists as to the influence of deforestation associated with EuroAmerican settlement and major flood events on watershed erosion rates over the past ~250 years. Through combining sediment core analysis from Ossipee Lake, New Hampshire with geomorphic analysis of the Ossipee Lake watershed, this study quantifies Holocene through Anthropocene watershed erosion rates, and assesses variations in rates in relation to short-term historic events such as major storm events or deforestation, and long-term variations related to natural climate variability and post-glacial landscape evolution. An 8.63 m core was collected and spans the entire period from deglaciation to present. Bulk composition and age-depth modeling, utilizing both short-lived radioisotopes and radiocarbon dating, are used to quantify changes in deposition and inferred erosion rates over time. Additional insight on sedimentary processes is provided by measurements of magnetic susceptibility and bulk geochemistry. Lake-sediment data suggests clastic sediment mass accumulation rates vary between 0.0032 to 0.5870 g/cm2/yr, with deposits of increased terrestrially derived sediment focused between ~8500 to 7800, ~6500 to 2500, and 1600 cal yr BP to present. Geomorphic analysis is used to identify regions within the watershed that act to deliver sediment to Ossipee Lake. Potential sources of sediment supply include loose, unconsolidated proglacial deposits near Ossipee Lake that transition to primarily till in upland areas. Calculated bed shear stress along rivers highlights areas in the watershed capable of transporting sediment and areas that can serve as traps thus limiting sediment delivery to Ossipee Lake
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Roop, Heidi Anne. "Sedimentation in a proglacial lake : interpreting intra- and inter-annual sedimentation in Linnévatnet, Spitsbergen, Norway /." Connect to online version, 2007. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2007/235.pdf.

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Undergraduate honors paper--Mount Holyoke College, 2007. Dept. of Earth and Environment.
Includes one CD-Rom appendix of 2005-2006 grain size data. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-129).
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Miller, Helen. "Lake bed environments, modern sedimentation and the glacial and post-glacial history of Windermere, UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/365472/.

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Windermere, the largest natural lake in England, is a glacial ribbon lake located in the southeast of the Lake District. High resolution geophysical datasets, combined with sediment analysis, geomorphological mapping and historical research have been used to investigate the lake bed environments, recent sediment record of pollution and glacial and post-glacial history of the lake and surrounding catchment. The data are used to generate a present-day landscape map of Windermere, revealing a complex landform record characterised by nine sub-basins, separated by steps, ridges and isolated topographic highs related to the retreat of the British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS). Debris flows and anthropogenic features are superimposed on the general bathymetric framework formed since the Last Glacial Maximum. Analysis of sediment cores and correlation with existing seismic data have revealed key stratigraphic facies extend across the lake basin, and consist of a drape of Holocene gyttja overlying glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediment fill relating to retreat of the BIIS. Analysis of geophysical core properties have identified a peak in magnetic susceptibility and iron which possibly represents a change in relative input from different ice masses. Onshore mapping of Troutbeck Valley identifies a series of depositional environments, including recessional moraines formed by still-stands or small readvances of an outlet glacier. Following deglaciation through disintegration into a number of independent ice caps, major sediment redistribution led to formation of a large fan delta via paraglacial and post-glacial sedimentation. The sedimentology of Windermere is characterised by five distinct lake bed facies showing a dominance of gyttja, representing recent Holocene sedimentation derived from the catchment over the last 10,000 years. Coarser sediments (gravel and fine sand) are found in lake-marginal shallow water. High resolution geochemical data, radiochronology and isotopic analysis have revealed significant increases in lead, zinc and copper in recent lake sediments. The principal sources of anthropogenic lead contamination are gasoline lead, Carboniferous coal (most likely source is coal fired steam ships) and lead derived from Carboniferous Pb-Zn mineralisation (mining activities). A number of up-system sediment traps have limited the amount of mining related heavy metals entering Windermere. As a result, many peaks in heavy metals do not correlate with periods of metal workings, but recent increases are possibly due to flood-induced metal inwash. Elevated concentrations of zinc and filamentous growths on the lake bed are attributed to sewage inputs. Geophysical, physical and visual surveys of twelve demonstrated or putative spawning grounds of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) suggest suitable spawning habitat in Windermere is limited and siltation by fine sediments has occurred over the past 50 years. The integrated approach used in this study has shown that a catchment analysis, using several datasets and techniques, can be used to inform wider regional and ice sheet wide glacial reconstructions. This approach, which can be applied to other lacustrine environments, is capable of determining modern lake bed habitats and the sediment record of pollution, and further demonstrates the value of lake sediments as a high resolution record of local and regional environmental change.
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Benn, Douglas Iain. "Scottish late-glacial moraines : debris supply, genesis and significance." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2676.

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A variety of moraine forms were deposited by glaciers during the Loch Lomond Stadial. Study of such moraines and related landforms provides a valuable source of data on patterns of landscape evolution and climatic change. This thesis presents detailed case-studies of moraines in geologically and topographically contrasting areas on the Island of Skye, Scotland. Geomorphological mapping, sedimentological analyses and mathematical modelling techniques were employed to determine the principal controls on moraine morphology, composition and distribution. Particular emphasis was placed on the provenance, transport and deposition of debris, and their spatial variation. The results were used to construct a summary model of glacial landform evolution, which relates different sediment-landform associations to spatial and temporal controls, particularly basin lithology and structure, topography, position of deposition and ice-margin activity. The initial stage of deglaciation in the study area was marked by a series of readvances and/or stillstands. During this stage, the lower-lying glaciers were more sensitive to climatic amelioration than the higher glaciers. The subsequent phase was characterised by more rapid deglaciation. Evidence for one instance of late-stage in situ glacier stagnation is described. The results indicate that landforms hitherto grouped as 'hummocky -moraine' formed by a variety of processes. Such moraines formed by (a) uneven deposition of supraglacially and/or -subglacially-derived debris at active ice margins, (b) deposition at the stagnant margins of otherwise active glaciers, and (c) deposition during uninterrupted glacier retreat or areal stagnation. Differentiation and analysis of so-called 'hummocky moraine' enables glacier behaviour, during the Lateglacial to be interpreted in great detail.
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Liu, Jing-pu. "Post-glacial sedimentation in a river -dominated epicontinental shelf: The Yellow Sea example." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616747.

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The North Yellow Sea (NYS) and South Yellow Sea (SYS), stretching from the Bohai Sea in the north to the East China Sea (ECS) in the south, represents an end member of modern epicontinental seas. Because of its shallow depths, the Yellow Sea was entirely exposed subaerially during the last glacial maximum. The new post-glacial sea-level curve derived from an extensive local dataset shows a series of rapid flooding events (12--45 mm/y), separated by a series of slow rises (2--6 mm/y). By about 15 ka, sea level had reached -100 m, and seawater entered the SYS. A rapid rise during MWP-1A occurred between 14.7--14.1 ka, sea level jumped from -98 m to -74 m (40 mm/yr). at the end, the sea water had reached the southern edge of the NYS, after which sea level rose again slowly (6 mm/yr) from -72 m to -60 m. Beginning about 11.7 ka, it again jumped, from -60 m to -42 m (MWP-1B), resulting in a rapid westward flooding of the NYS. Sea level then again stagnated (between -42m to -36 m) for about 1.8 ky. Starting about 9.8 ka, the sea-level advanced again from -36m to -16 m at 9.0 ka (MWP-1C), after which most of BS, YS, and ECS had been submerged. Then another slowdown occurred between 9.0--8.0 ka when sea-level rose from -16m to -10m. The last major transgression happened between 8.1 and 7.0 ka (MWP-D), and resulted in Holocene highstand of at least +2 to 4 m along most of Chinese and Korean coastlines. Sequence structures on this epicontinental shelf show strong landward horizontal changes, instead of the vertical changes. The first major deltaic system was developed in the NYS together with the decreased sea-level rise after MWP-1B event, and the intensified summer monsoon and subsequent increased river discharge at about 11 ka. The second subaqueous delta was built in the SYS between 9--7 ka which during another slackened sea-level after MWP-C. The modern subaqueous and subaerial deltas in the west Bahai Gulf have been formed during the sea-level highstand after the last jump of MWP-1D.
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Wang, Dong 1963. "Continental-slope sedimentation adjacent to an ice-margin, Labrador sea : depositional facies and glacial cycles." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56949.

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Analyses of 13 sediment cores and 2800 km of 3.5 kHz seismic profiles reveal that the majority of the sediments on the Labrador continental slope was deposited by hemipelagic settling and ice-rafting (53%), debris flows (7%) and turbidity currents (34%) during the Wisconsinan Glaciation. Only minor amounts (6%) are attributed to contour current activity and related processes. Eight sedimentary facies were differentiated which include (1) hemipelagic (H); (2) hemipelagic (HI) with ice-rafted detritus (IRD); (3) debris-flow deposits (subfacies D1, D2, D3), spill-over turbidite (T), headspill turbidite (TH), turbidite (TI) alternating with IRD; and (4) contourite (C) and nepheloid-flow deposits (N).
Six major glacial advances were identified in Mid- to Late-Wisconsinan (64-10 ka) slope sediments by 6 very dark hemipelagic units containing abundant sinistral-coiling, cold-water foraminifera. The associated ice-retreat phases are characterized by the occurrence of turbidites, debris-flow deposits, nepheloid-flow deposits, and ice-rafted debris (IRD).
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Strouse, Stephanie. "The Effect of Millponds on Sedimentation in a Post-Glacial Mid-Coast Maine River Valley." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2970.

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Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder
Dam-influenced streambank morphology has not been studied extensively in rivers in deglaciated landscapes with high densities of colonial-era milldams. Fluvial restoration in the eastern U.S. often focuses on understanding pre-Colonial floodplain processes. Recent work by Walter and Merritts (2008a) in the Piedmont of the U.S. mid-Atlantic region suggests milldams significantly impact sedimentation by creating surfaces composed of post-dam legacy sediment that are often abandoned by the river and function as fill terraces. I analyze channel morphology and sedimentation patterns upstream of two breached dams on the Sheepscot River in mid-coastal Maine using lidar digital elevation models, historical aerial photographs, radiocarbon dating, and hydraulic modeling. In the past several decades, observable channel morphologic changes occurred at the two study sites: Maxcy's Mills dam (built in 1809, it was 2-m high and breached in the late 1950s), and at Head Tide dam (built in the 1760s, it is 4-m high and was partially breached in 1952). The Sheepscot River has a native population of Atlantic salmon, which is a federally listed endangered species. Understanding the existence and transport of legacy sediment has become an important component of habitat restoration efforts in the region. The goal of this investigation is to determine the extent and morphologic function of legacy sediment in order to better understand how historical dam sites affect channel morphology and sediment transport in a post-glacial, low-gradient river system. Field and remote sensing analyses indicate that surfaces (up to 2.65 m high) composed of mud and sand function as floodplains 1 km upstream from Head Tide dam and surfaces 90 cm high continue 2.5 km upstream from Maxcy's Mills. Analysis of seven radiocarbon dates from pieces of tree bark sampled from the stratigraphy (58-187 cm below the surface) of the two study sites suggest up to 1.8 m of sediment upstream of the two study sites was deposited within the past 300 years and is therefore a legacy of the dams. Quantification of the total volume of stored legacy sediment is on the same scale as volumes observed in the mid-Atlantic Piedmont region, leading to the conclusion that post-glacial rivers in northern New England store milldam sediment in similar fashion to streams analyzed in the Walter and Merritts (2008a) study
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Radford, Josh. "Shelf-to-canyon sedimentation on the South Westland Continental Margin, Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6991.

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The South Westland Continental Margin (SWCM) is incised by two major active canyon channels, the Hokitika and Cook canyons, which export large volumes of terrigenous sediment from the active New Zealand landmass to the deep ocean basins. This thesis examines modern sediment textures and compositions of shelf and canyon heads, to interpret depositional and transport processes in shelf-canyon interactions and the dispersal and provenance of SWCM surface sediments. This is the first detailed study of modern sediments south of the Whataroa River which focuses on both shelf and canyon head sediments. Submarine canyons that incise active continental shelves are major conduits for sediment transfer. The frequency and magnitude of this transfer has important implications for ocean nutrient cycling (i.e. organic carbon), the stratigraphy and morphology of continental shelves, and the development of economic mineral deposits. Grain size analysis, petrology, geochemistry, detrital magnetite analysis (microprobe), swath bathymetry, and wave hindcast data are used to interpret the spatial distribution, dispersal, and provenance of surface grab samples, canyon cores, and beach and river samples on the SWCM. Four main surficial facies are defined from textural and compositional results, primarily reflecting the supply and storm dominated nature of the SWCM. Facies 1 is comprised of inner shelf very fine to medium sand sized quartz, metamorphic lithics, and feldspar. This facies occurs above the mean Hsig wave base (48 m) where silts, clays, and sand sized micas are bypassed further offshore. Facies 2 is a transitional sand to mud facies between 40 -70 m depth where increasing clay, silt, and mica reflect a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of wave orbital remobilisation. Facies 3 is a mud dominated (80-90%), clay rich (7-9%) facies with the highest mica and Al₂O₃ content of all the SWCM facies. The shelves south of the Hokitika canyon are blanketed beyond the inner shelf in facies 3 towards the shelf break. Facies 4 is restricted to the canyon head north rims and is characterised by mixed relict and modern terrigenous sediments and glaucony. Net transport on the SWCM shelf is to the north, particularly during south-westerly storms where wind drift and storm swells may stir and transport the deeper Facies 2 and 3 sediments. The SWCM has an energetic wave climate and numerous high yield mountainous rivers. As a result the shelf has an extensive coverage of silts and clays with sediment transport most likely dominated by nepheloid layers and fluid mud flows during wet storms. North of the Hokitika canyon, shelf width increases as fluvial supply falls, resulting in a more storm dominated shelf as the prevailing hydraulic conditions prevent modern silts and clays from blanketing the outer shelf. Narrower shelf widths and higher fluvial supply between the Hokitika canyon and the Haast region results in more fluvial dominated shelves. Contrasting canyon rim textures and compositions reflect the major influence the Hokitika and Cook canyon heads impose on the SWCM by intercepting modern net northward shelf transport paths. This interception creates a leeward sediment deficit on the canyon north rims where low sedimentation rates prevail and relict sediments are partially exposed. The south and east rims of both canyons are characterised by modern fine grained terrigenous textures and compositions similar to the SWCM middle to outer shelf facies 3. The build-up and storage of these unconsolidated sediments at the south and east rims provides favourable environments for sediment gravity flows that feed into the canyon systems. Wave orbitals can resuspend fine sands up to 50 m below the canyon rims during large storms. This resuspension will be a main driver of canyon head sedimentation in the form of fluid mud flows. Gully networks along the south and east rims of the Hokitika and Cook canyons indicate active submarine erosion, unconfined fluid flow, and sediment gravity flows operate here. ii In contrast, the north canyon rims are characterised by gravels and coarse sands out of equilibrium with the prevailing modern hydraulic regime. Relict gravels are particularly prevalent on the Hokitika canyon north rim between 90 – 150 m depth. A lack of active gully networks and the presence of relict terraces and cuspate channels provide further evidence for a relict origin of HCH north rim sediments and little influx of modern fine sediments. North rim sediments on the Hokitika canyon between 90 – 125 m have features characteristic of relict beach and littoral environments. These features include pebble and coarse sand sized siliciclastics, high heavy mineral percentages (i.e. garnet), high Zr and Y levels, elevated SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios, and relict shell fragments. Mature glaucony is common on the north rims of both canyons, especially between 180 -200 m depth providing further evidence for extended periods of little to no modern sediment deposition in the canyon lee. Glaucony grains have experienced limited transport and are probably parautochthonous. The bulk composition of SWCM shelf, canyon, river, and beach sediments is controlled mainly by the hydrodynamic sorting of Alpine Schist derived material. Regional changes in catchment geology are identified in modern SWCM shelf sediments. Ultramafic signals (i.e. enriched trace element patterns and Cr/V and Ni/Y ratios) from the Pounamu Ultramafics and Dun Mountain Ultramafics were identified on the North and Cascade shelves respectively. The contribution of other lithologies to the bulk composition of SWCM sediments is localised due to rapid dilution with Alpine Schist detritus. The low carbonate and skeletal content on the SWCM is due to the energetic wave climate and high fluvial supply on the shelves. A variety of Cr-rich spinels and magnetites are supplied to the SWCM shelves and vary with regional changes in catchment geology. The Cascade shelf is rich in chromites (containing up to 215,000 ppm Cr) and Cr – rich magnetites sourced from the Dun Mountain Ultramafics via the Cascade River. Shelf, beach, and river samples between the Haast River and Waitaha River are dominated by low-Cr magnetite grains which represent the ‘background’ magnetite composition sourced from rivers draining the Alpine Schist dominated catchments. The dispersal of Cr-rich spinels is limited due to the dilution with low Cr-magnetites from rivers and littoral sediments. Glacio-eustatic lowstands such as the Last Glacial Cold Period (LGCP), represented periods of robust connection of local rivers with the Hokitika and Cook canyon heads, increased interception of littoral transport paths, and compartmentalisation of inter-canyon shelves. Hokitika canyon cores reflect these changes with textural and compositional ‘spikes’ indicating higher terrigenous input during the LGCP. The geochemistry of the terrigenous fraction in the Hokitika canyon provides evidence for enrichment in ferromagnesian and Cr-rich minerals during the LGCP. This is due to the increased connectivity of the Cr-spinel bearing Hokitika River to the canyon head. The Cr/V ratio in particular demonstrates its effectiveness as a proxy for interglacial – glacial change in submarine canyon stratigraphy. Increases and decreases in the connectivity of Cr-bearing fluvial systems during lowstands and highstands respectively can be observed with this ratio.
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Pfirman, S. L. "Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54946.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 1985.
Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Includes bibliographies.
by Stephanie Louise Pfirman.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Glacial sedimentation"

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B, Anderson John. Glacial-marine sedimentation. Washington, D.C: American Geophysical Union, 1989.

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1944-, Anderson John B., and Ashley Gail M, eds. Glacial marine sedimentation: Paleoclimatic significance. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 1991.

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John, Shaw, Smith Norman D, and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists., eds. Glacial sedimentary environments. Tulsa, Okla: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 1985.

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Tarasov, G. A. Prot︠s︡essy sedimentat︠s︡ii na gli︠a︡t︠s︡ialʹnykh shelʹfakh. Apatity: Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk, Kolʹskogo nauch. t︠s︡entr, Murmanskiĭ morskoĭ biologicheskiĭ in-t, 2000.

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A, Dowdeswell J., Ó Cofaigh C, and Geological Society of London, eds. Glacier-influenced sedimentation on high-latitude continental margins. London: Geological Society, 2002.

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Fraser, Gordon S. Sedimentology and history of late Wisconsin alluviation of the Wabash Valley. Bloomington: Indiana Geological Survey, 1993.

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International Symposium on Glacial Erosion and Sedimentation (1995 Reykjavík, Iceland). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Glacial Erosion and Sedimentation, held in Reykjavík, Iceland, 20-25 August 1995. Cambridge, U.K: International Glaciological Society, 1996.

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Oszkó, László. Tectonic structures and glaciomarine sedimentation in the south-eastern Weddell Sea from seismic reflection data =: Tektonischer Aufbau und glaziomarine Sedimentation im südöstlichen Weddellmeer nach reflexionsseismischen Untersuchungen. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1997.

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Matishov, G. G. Sedimentologicheskie prot︠s︡essy i ėvoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii︠a︡ morskikh ėkosistem v uslovii︠a︡kh morskogo perigli︠a︡t︠s︡iala: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Apatity: Kolʹskiĭ nauch. t︠s︡entra RAN, Murmanskiĭ morskoĭ biologicheskiĭ in-t, 2001.

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M, Gurnell A., and Clark M. J, eds. Glacio-fluvial sediment transfer: An alpine perspective. Chichester [Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Glacial sedimentation"

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Hagg, Wilfried. "Glacial Sedimentation." In Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology, 151–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64714-1_11.

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Lisitzin, Alexander P., and Vladimir P. Shevchenko. "Glacial-Marine Sedimentation." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_67-1.

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Lisitzin, Alexander P., and Vladimir P. Shevchenko. "Glacial-marine Sedimentation." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 288–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_67.

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Moran, K., and G. B. J. Fader. "Glacial and Glacial and Glaciomarine Sedimentation: Halibut Channel, Grand Banks of Newfoundland." In Glaciated Continental Margins, 217–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5820-6_78.

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Bennett, Matthew R., David Huddart, and Geoffrey S. P. Thomas. "The Newbigging Esker System, Lanarkshire, Southern Scotland: A Model for Composite Tunnel, Subaqueous Fan and Supraglacial Esker Sedimentation." In Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products, 177–202. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304435.ch12.

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Levitan, M. A., and Yu A. Lavrushin. "The Late Glacial Time and Holocene of Northern Eurasia." In Sedimentation History in the Arctic Ocean and Subarctic Seas for the Last 130 kyr, 43–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00288-5_5.

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Casshyap, S. M., and V. K. Srivastava. "Glacial and Proglacial Talchir Sedimentation in Son-Mahanadi Gondwana Basin: Paleogeographic Reconstruction." In Gondwana Six: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleontology, 167–82. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm041p0167.

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Lisitzin, Alexander P. "The Cryosphere and the Peculiarities of Glacial Environment — Fresh-Water and Sea Ice · Continental Ice (Glaciers and Permafrost)." In Sea-Ice and Iceberg Sedimentation in the Ocean, 17–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55905-1_3.

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Amantov, Aleksey, Willy Fjeldskaar, and Lawrence Cathles. "Glacial Erosion/Sedimentation of the Baltic Region and the Effect on the Postglacial Uplift." In The Baltic Sea Basin, 53–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17220-5_3.

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Jackson, L. E., A. Blais-Stevens, R. L. Hermanns, and C. E. Jermyn. "Late Glacial and Holocene Sedimentation and Investigation of Fjord Tsunami Potential in Lower Howe Sound, British Columbia." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory – Volume 4, 59–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08660-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Glacial sedimentation"

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LeNoir, James, Noah P. Snyder, and Timothy L. Cook. "POST-GLACIAL SEDIMENTATION IN OSSIPEE LAKE, NEW HAMPSHIRE." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328669.

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LeNoir, James, Timothy L. Cook, and Noah P. Snyder. "PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF POST-GLACIAL SEDIMENTATION IN OSSIPEE LAKE, NEW HAMPSHIRE: LAND-USE VERSUS CLIMATE CHANGE." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310982.

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Guambe, I. H., G. Jouet, B. Dennielou, J. Mugabe, M. Achimo, M. Achimo, and A. Roubi. "Last Glacial and Holocene Continental Slope Sedimentation on the Mozambique Margin, NE off Zambezi Delta: Preliminary Results." In Third EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702428.

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Grimley, David, Andrew Phillips, and Ben Curry. "CONTEMPORANEOUS AND ACCELERATED SLACKWATER LAKE AND LOESS SEDIMENTATION IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM (SHELBY PHASE)." In Joint 55th Annual North-Central / 55th Annual South-Central Section Meeting - 2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021nc-362834.

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Сhaikovskiy, I. I., and T. V. Fedorov. "ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF CARBON AND OXYGEN IN SEDIMENTATION AND EPIGENETIC CARBONATES OF THE LOWER TRANSITIONAL MEMBER OF THE VERKHNEKAMSKOE SALT DEPOSIT." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2021.296.

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In contrast to the carbonate-sulfate evaporites of the Syukeevskoe deposit and the salts of the Starobinskoe deposit, the formation of the salt stratum of the Verkhnekamskoe deposit is assumed to involve melt water formed between the P2 and P3 glacial events. Comparison of host rocks and newly formed mineralization made it possible to show that the process of diagenesis in carbonate-argillaceous strata alternating with rock salt was difficult. Initially, there was a decomposition of dispersed plant detritus, which is confirmed by the lightening of the isotopic composition of carbon. After the interaction of sulfate-containing sediment with desalinated waters, the anhydrite was replaced by 16O-enriched calcite. The complete lithification and stratification of clay strata led to the formation of exfoliation cavities, in which halite-calcite veins of columnar structure were formed associated with the influx of brines from neighboring salt strata enriched in 18O.
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Fan, Wenfang, Hanno Keil, Stefan Kreiter, Volkhard Spiess, and Daniel Hepp and Tobias Mrz. "Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigation of a Complex Offshore Foundation Ground Affected by Glacial/Postglacial Sedimentation Processes (German North Sea)." In 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20149779.

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Desloges, Joseph R., Raymond Kostaschuck, and Ayana Ayden. "INTERPRETATION OF “EXTREME” SEDIMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LATE GLACIAL, HOLOCENE AND ANTHROPOCENE ENVIRONMENTS OF QUESNEL LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359929.

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Miller, Louis, Kelly MacGregor, Maximillian Van Wyk de Vries, Emi Ito, Mark D. Shapley, Guido Brignone, and Matias Romero. "USING CESIUM-137 TO DETERMINE SEDIMENTATION PATTERNS IN TWO PROGLACIAL LAKES - LAGO ARGENTINO, SOUTHERN PATAGONIAN ICEFIELD, ARGENTINA, AND LAKE JOSEPHINE, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA, USA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-377913.

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Reports on the topic "Glacial sedimentation"

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Shilts, W. Principles of Glacial Dispersal and Sedimentation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132390.

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Rohr, K. M. M., M. Riedel, S. R. Dallimore, and M. M. Côté. Slope-fan and glacial sedimentation on the central Beaufort continental slope, Arctic Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326068.

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Jackson, L. E., A. Blais-Stevens, R. L. Hermanns, D. P. van Zeyl, D. Stead, C. E. Jermyn, J V Barrie, W. K. Conway, and R. Hetherington. Late glacial and Holocene sedimentation and investigation of fiord tsunami potential in lower Howe Sound, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/294834.

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Veillette, J. J., and S. J. Paradis. Iceberg furrows as paleowind indicators and icebergs as erosion and sedimentation agents in Glacial Lake Ojibway, Abitibi, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205754.

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