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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gizzard shad

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gizzard shad'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gizzard shad"

1

Kim, Gene W., Alpa P. Wintzer, Trisha K. Menker, Roy A. Stein, John M. Dettmers, Russell A. Wright, and Dennis R. DeVries. "Effect of detritus quality on growth and survival of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum): potential importance to benthic–pelagic coupling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-143.

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Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) population characteristics vary with lake productivity, competing with and providing prey for sport fishes. Because age-0 gizzard shad (>30 mm total length) are facultative detritivores, they can link benthic energy, carbon, and nutrients to pelagic food webs. To determine how age-0 gizzard shad success varies along a detritus-quality gradient, we completed a 15-day laboratory experiment in which age-0 gizzard shad fed lake sediment and starved gizzard shad both suffered high mortality, whereas fish fed zooplankton grew and survived well. This suggested that detritus alone is insufficient to ensure gizzard shad growth and survival. When sediment quality was high in outdoor mesocosms, density-dependent factors led to rapid growth only at low fish density and high-quality sediments; however, survival generally increased with sediment quality, regardless of gizzard shad density. In four small reservoirs, annual growth of gizzard shad increased with sediment quality. Collectively, our findings suggest that detritus quality ultimately can contribute to regulation of community and ecosystem productivity, mediated by its influence on gizzard shad biomass available for trophic transfer to gape-limited predators (i.e., piscivorous fish). This role of gizzard shad can link higher trophic levels in aquatic food webs to allochthonous detritus subsidies from the surrounding watershed.

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Smoot, James C., and Robert H. Findlay. "Digestive enzyme and gut surfactant activity of detritivorous gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 1113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-036.

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Measuring digestive enzyme and surfactant activities tested specialization of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) digestive physiology to a detritivorous feeding strategy. Digestive enzyme activity was measured in adult and larval gizzard shad using fluorescently labeled artificial substrates. Surfactant activity in gizzard shad was measured by comparing gut juice drop diameters over a range of dilutions. Enzyme activity in the ceca region of adult gizzard shad was high for esterase, beta-glucosidase, lipase, and protease. Enzyme activity was lower in posterior intestine sections than in anterior intestine sections, although protease activity remained high for the greatest distance in the intestine. Micelles were detected in adult gizzard shad gut juice, and surfactant activity was greatest in the ceca region. Larval gizzard shad protease activity was similar to that of adult fish, and surfactants were below their critical micelle concentration. Gizzard shad coupled digestive physiology with gut anatomy to obtain nutrients from detritus, and these adaptations may explain elevated growth rates observed in these fish when they are planktivorous.

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DeVries, Dennis R., and Roy A. Stein. "Complex Interactions between Fish and Zooplankton: Quantifying the Role of an Open-Water Planktivore." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-137.

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An open-water planktivore, the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), can drive complex interactions among fish and zooplankton in Ohio reservoirs. In Kokosing Lake, crustacean zooplankton density declined to near zero immediately after larval gizzard shad abundance peaked during 1987 and 1988. This decline can be attributed to increased death rates, due to predation, and to reduced number of eggs per cladoceran. In an enclosure/exclosure experiment, young-of-year gizzard shad at lake densities significantly reduced density of crustacean zooplankton and rotifers within 2 wk. In addition, phytoplankton that were edible to zooplankton were reduced in enclosures, likely due to a combination of direct herbivory by gizzard shad and reduced nutrient availability due to uptake by the growing gizzard shad. Gizzard shad not only directly influenced zooplankton via predation, they also indirectly affected zooplankton by reducing phytoplankton abundance. Because larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochira) migrated to the limnetic zone during or shortly after the zooplankton decline, food available to these zooplanktivorous larvae, as well as their ultimate recruitment, was reduced with gizzard shad. Through direct (i.e. predation) and indirect (i.e. influencing algal abundance) pathways, gizzard shad can drive zooplankton to extinction, thereby reducing recruitment of other fishes and controlling community composition.

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Vatland, Shane, and Phaedra Budy. "Predicting the invasion success of an introduced omnivore in a large, heterogeneous reservoir." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-100.

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We demonstrate that invasion success, through the introduction and establishment stages, can generally be predicted based on biological characteristics of the organisms and physical aspects of the environment; however, predicting subsequent effects during integration is more challenging, especially for omnivorous fish species in large, heterogeneous systems. When gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were incidentally introduced into Lake Powell, Utah–Arizona (2000), we predicted they would be successful invaders and would have food-web effects ranging from neutral to negative. As predicted, gizzard shad successfully established and dispersed throughout this large reservoir (300 km) within just 4 years, and their density was positively correlated with productivity. Also as predicted, gizzard shad exhibited fast growth rates, and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) predators were thus gape-limited, obtaining little gizzard shad forage. Contrary to our predictions, however, competition over zooplankton resources between gizzard shad and both threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) and juvenile striped bass appeared limited because of spatial segregation and diet preference. In sum, gizzard shad will continue to be successful invaders, but with limited effects on the established predator–prey cycle.

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Mather, Martha E., Michael J. Vanni, Thomas E. Wissing, Scott A. Davis, and Maynard H. Schaus. "Regeneration of nitrogen and phosphorus by bluegill and gizzard shad: effect of feeding history." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 2327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-825.

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We combined laboratory and field studies to experimentally assess how the effects of feeding regime and time since feeding influence nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and the N:P ratio excreted by two common freshwater fish, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). In addition, for adult gizzard shad, we modelled excretion rates as a function of the nutrient content of ingested sediment detritus. For both bluegill and gizzard shad, feeding significantly increased nutrient excretion rates and altered excreted N:P ratios. For both species, excretion rates were highest immediately after feeding and declined thereafter. Because the phosphorus excretion rate decreased more rapidly after feeding than did the nitrogen excretion rate, the excreted N:P ratio increased with time since feeding. Young-of-year gizzard shad excreted more nitrogen than adults, resulting in a higher excreted N:P ratio for these small fish. For P, predictions from our model agreed well with our experiments with gizzard shad; for N, the agreement was not as strong yet was still reasonable. In summary, N:P ratios excreted by these fish differed across species, size, and time since feeding. Variation in these factors may explain discrepancies among studies that examine both trophic interactions and nutrient budgets.

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Stein, Roy A., Dennis R. DeVries, and John M. Dettmers. "Food-web regulation by a planktivore: exploring the generality of the trophic cascade hypothesis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 2518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-842.

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The trophic cascade hypothesis currently being tested in north temperate systems may not apply to open-water communities in lower latitude U.S. reservoirs. These reservoir communities differ dramatically from northern lakes in that an open-water omnivore, gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), often occurs in abundance. Neither controlled by fish predators (owing to high fecundity and low vulnerability) nor by their zooplankton prey (following the midsummer zooplankton decline, gizzard shad consume detritus and phytoplankton), gizzard shad regulate community composition rather than being regulated by top-down or bottom-up forces. In experiments across a range of spatial scales (enclosures, 1–9 m2; ponds, 4–5 ha; and reservoirs, 50–100 ha), we evaluated the generality of the trophic cascade hypothesis by assessing its conceptual strength in reservoir food webs. We reviewed the role of gizzard shad in controlling zooplankton populations and hence recruitment of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus (via exploitative competition for zooplankton), and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (by reducing their bluegill prey). Reservoir fish communities, owing to the presence of gizzard shad, appear to be regulated more by complex weblike interactions among species than by the more chainlike interactions characteristic of the trophic cascade.

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Stahl, Thomas P., and Roy A. Stein. "Influence of Larval Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) Density on Piscivory and Growth of Young-of-Year Saugeye (Stizostedion vitreum × S. canadense)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1993–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-202.

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Growth and survival of young-of-year saugeye (Stizostedion vitreum ♂ × S. canadense ♀) (stocked into Ohio reservoirs to create sport fisheries) are probably influenced by prey availability, variations in which may account for historically documented variability in stocking success. Because saugeye switch from a diet of zooplankton to fish once stocked, we sought to determine experimentally if saugeye size and available ichthyoplankton, i.e., larval gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), affected this switch and whether piscivory improved saugeye growth. In an enclosure experiment, saugeye (33.9 mm TL) immediately switched to piscivory when exposed to ichthyoplankton densities of 20 and 100∙m−3, growing faster when more gizzard shad were available. In another enclosure experiment, saugeye 30–49 mm TL consumed 14-mm gizzard shad. In ponds (N = 4 ponds∙treatment−1) containing zooplankton and chironomids, we compared saugeye growth with and without larval gizzard shad and found, as in the first enclosure experiment, that piscivory improved saugeye growth. Neither saugeye size nor ichthyoplankton density influenced how quickly saugeye switched to piscivory. We conclude that managers should stock saugeye ≥ 30 mm 1–2 wk before peak ichthyoplankton densities to improve saugeye growth and survival by enhancing opportunities for exploitation of young-of-year gizzard shad.

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Bremigan, Mary T., and Roy A. Stein. "Gape-dependent Larval Foraging and Zooplankton Size: Implications for Fish Recruitment across Systems." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-090.

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Small gape of zooplanktivorous larval fish limits their prey size; yet, within constraints set by gape, zooplankton size eaten influences larval growth and ultimately survival. To determine if optimal zooplankton size varied among fish species with different gapes, we conducted foraging trials with larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus, 10–26 mm TL) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum, 18–31 mm TL). Larvae (n = 10) fed for 1 h on zooplankton assemblages that varied in size, after which all larvae and remaining zooplankton were preserved. Larval gape was measured; both larval gut contents and available zooplankton were quantified. Bluegill, the large-gaped species, fed on larger zooplankton than did gizzard shad with similar gapes. Further, larger bluegill fed on progressively larger zooplankton whereas all gizzard shad ate small prey (< 0.60 mm). As available zooplankton size increased, bluegill prey size increased whereas gizzard shad consistently selected small prey. Therefore, differences in zooplankton size among lakes could differentially affect foraging success of larval fishes. In particular, systems with small zooplankton may represent ideal foraging environments for gizzard shad whereas lakes with large zooplankton may favor larval bluegill. If differential larval foraging translates to differential growth and survival, zooplankton size could influence recruitment success and ultimately fish community composition.

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Catalano, Matthew J., and Micheal S. Allen. "A whole-lake density reduction to assess compensatory responses of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 6 (June 2011): 955–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-036.

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We used a fishery-induced density reduction of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum at a previously unharvested lake to evaluate compensatory density dependence in recruitment processes. We also studied gizzard shad populations at two nearby unharvested lakes to provide contrast with the harvested population. Gizzard shad spawner biomass was reduced by 72% at the harvested lake after 2 years of gill-net removals, although variation in total shad biomass was more modest. We evaluated responses by gizzard shad to the range of biomasses present among the three lakes and 5 years of the study. Annual growth increments varied little over 5 years and were not related to population density across the three lakes. Length-at-maturity differed among lakes and years, but was not related to population density. Despite the range in spawner biomass among the lakes during the study, annual recruitment estimates showed little relationship to the size of the spawner population, suggesting density-dependent prerecruit survival. A spawner–recruit analysis on pooled data from the three lakes indicated that prerecruit survival was negatively related to spawner biomass. Our study provides a rare glimpse of fish compensatory responses following exploitation of a previously unharvested population and has implications for population dynamics theory and fisheries management.

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Winston, Matthew R. "Culturing Larval Gizzard Shad in Laboratory Aquaria." Progressive Fish-Culturist 50, no. 2 (April 1988): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050<0118:clgsil>2.3.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gizzard shad"

1

Puckridge, James Terence. "The life history of a gizzard shad, the bony bream, Nematalosa erebi (Gunther) (Dorosomatinae, Teleosti) in the lower River Murray, South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smp977.pdf.

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Knight, Amelia Cassidy Terhune Jeffery S. "General fish health assessment and age evaluation of impinged fish at steam generating power plants." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Knight_Amelia_50.pdf.

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Small, Ron. "Trophic interactions between larval gizzard shad and resident zooplanktivores in Claytor Lake, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35261.

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Anglers unlawfully introduced gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum into Claytor Lake, Virginia in the late 1980s, apparently with the intention of improving the sportfishery by adding an additional clupeid prey resource. This study examined the trophic interactions between larval shad and resident zooplanktivorous fishes, in an attempt to discover the potential for trophic competition and negative impacts to these fish species. Ichthyoplankton sampling in 1997 and 1998 showed that peak abundances of larval shad overlapped temporally and spatially with both larval Lepomis spp. and larval alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Peak larval shad density (0.04-0.06 fish/m3) was two to three orders of magnitude less than that reported from other reservoir systems, slightly less than that of larval alewife in Claytor Lake (0.05-0.07 fish/m3), and significantly less than that of larval Lepomis spp. in Claytor Lake (0.28-0.51 fish/m3). Diet overlap values indicated potential resource overlap among all three larval taxa. Diet of larval shad did not overlap with that of either age-0 Micropterus spp. or adult alewife. All species of limnetic larvae examined showed feeding preferences for Diaphanosoma and copepod nauplii. Crustacean zooplankton densities did not respond negatively to peak larval fish abundances, and never dropped below 250-400 organisms/L. In Claytor Lake, the impact of trophic competition with larval gizzard shad on other zooplanktivores currently appears to be minimized by low densities of larval shad and abundant crustacean zooplankton.
Master of Science

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4

Sullivan, Christopher Lee. "Zooplankton, gizzard shad, and freshwater drum : interactions in a Great Plains irrigation reservoir / by Christopher Lee Sullivan." Kearney, Neb. : University of Nebraska-Kearney, 2009. http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/C2800/B007-2009.pdf.

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5

Dettmers, John Michael. "Food consumption by larval gizzard shad: zooplankton effects and its implications for reservoir communities." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384355458.

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Bonds, Charles Craig. "Assessment of the Response of Piscivorous Sportfishes to the Establishment of Gizzard Shad in Claytor Lake, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31645.

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Gizzard shad were illegally introduced to Claytor Lake in the late 1980s and soon established a thriving population. This study assessed 1) the degree to which gizzard shad were utilized by piscivores (pelagic - striped bass Morone saxatilis, hybrid striped bass M. chrysops x M. saxatilis, and walleye Stizostedion vitreum, and three littoral black basses Micropterus spp.), 2) the availability of gizzard shad as potential prey as determined from age and growth analysis, and 3) the performance (growth rates, relative weight, and relative abundance) of piscivores before versus after gizzard shad establishment. Gizzard shad were more highly utilized by pelagic predators (especially striped bass and their hybrids) than black basses. Rapid growth of gizzard shad (mean back-calculated length at age-1 = 155 mm TL) meant that almost all morphologically available shad were age-0. The reliance on one edible age class of gizzard shad resulted in an unstable food supply as evidenced by much greater striped bass shad consumption in Summer 1998 (63 % by weight) when age-0 shad were more abundant than in Summer 1997 (7 % by weight). Striped bass was the only species to exhibit faster growth rates and mean relative weight (Wr) values in the 1990s versus pre-shad years. Walleye (except age-1) and black bass growth rates declined, and mean Wr values either remained consistent or declined. Largemouth bass and walleye were the only sportfish to show increases in relative abundance. Benefits of gizzard shad as a forage fish appear to be limited to striped bass and its hybrid species. It is possible that gizzard shad have had, directly or indirectly, an adverse impact on the black basses of Claytor Lake, but explanatory analysis of these relationships was beyond the scope of this study.
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Babler, Allison L. "Allochthony of detritivorous fish in Ohio reservoirs, as determined using stable hydrogen isotopes." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1250198397.

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Pilati, Alberto. "Stoichiometry and the relative importance of autochthonous and allochthonous food sources for a dominant detritivorous fish." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1180713695.

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9

Tisa, Mark Steven. "Compatibility and complementarity of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) as forage fish in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87676.

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The attributes of alewife and gizzard shad as coexistent forage fishes for striped bass (Morone saxatilis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were evaluated in Smith Mountain Lake, an 8,337 ha hydroelectric impoundment in south-central Virginia. Alewife and gizzard shad larvae exhibited strong spatial segregation which minimized the potential for direct trophic competition and increased feeding opportunities for piscivores. Gizzard shad spawning peaked in June while alewife spawning peaked in July. Daily growth rate of age-0 gizzard shad was 37% greater than for age-0 alewives. Later spawning and slower growth enhanced temporal and morphological availability of alewives to piscivores and reduced the potential for exploitative competition between the clupeids. Distributional analysis indicated that gizzard shad were primarily uplake and littoral while alewives were mostly downlake and pelagic. Alewives co-occurred with striped bass and walleye during the growing season and were crucial in providing forage for these piscivores. Largemouth bass shared a common distribution with gizzard shad and were more trophically dependent than other piscivores on them. Prey supply and predator demand were one year out of phase; gizzard shad and alewife production peaked in the first year of life while their predators' cohort production peaked in the second year. Cohort production analysis indicated that over their lifespan, striped bass prey demand (per 1000 fish) would exceed that of walleye and largemouth bass by 17% and 166%, respectively. Lifespan cohort production patterns and ingestibility limitations on prey assured that most predation pressure in Smith Mountain Lake came from piscivores ages 0-2 and was constrained to alewives ages 0 and 1 and young-of-the-year gizzard shad. Prediction of patterns of consumption of alewife and gizzard shad by piscivores was derived from analyses of morphological and distributional availabilities; these agreed closely with actual diets for most predator-prey location, season and age combinations. The alewife appears to be both compatible with, and complementary to, the gizzard shad as a forage species in Smith Mountain Lake. Suitability of alewives for introductions into other reservoirs will vary with the morphometry and management objectives for those waters.
Ph. D.

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10

Bremigan, Mary Therese. "Variable recruitment of gizzard shad, a strong interactor in reservoirs: Exploring causal mechanisms and implications for food webs /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487944660929271.

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Books on the topic "Gizzard shad"

1

Smoot, James Casey. A field study of sedimentary microbiota as food for detritivorous gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, in Acton Lake: A biomarker approach. 1999.

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2

Sigler, Karen Anne. Nutrient cycling by omnivorous fish in reservoirs along a productivity gradient. 2002.

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Kissick, Lee A. Early life history of the gizzard shad in Acton Lake, Ohio: Feeding ecology and drift of stream-spawned larvae. 1988.

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Schaus, Maynard H. Effects of gizzard shad on nutrient cycles and phytoplankton in a reservoir ecosystem: Roles of diet, biomass and population size-structure. 1998.

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Greenberg, Marc Samuel. Fate and dynamics of persistent chemicals in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum): Comparative studies with benzo[a]pyrene and hexachlorobenzene. 1993.

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Hammond, Joseph William. Largemouth bass food consumption and its relationship to the gizzard shad population in Acton Lake, Ohio. 1996.

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Levine, Steven L. Influence of environmental factors, physiological factors and benzo[a]pyrene exposure on the hepatic monooxygenase system of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). 1993.

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C, Nelson Patrick, and Western Energy and Land Use Team, eds. Habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves. Washington DC: The Service, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gizzard shad"

1

Ruth, Matthias, and Bruce Hannon. "Recruitment and Trophic Dynamics of Gizzard Shad." In Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems, 272–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0651-4_35.

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Hannon, Bruce, and Matthias Ruth. "Recruitment and Trophic Dynamics of Gizzard Shad." In Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems, 327–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05615-9_37.

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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by Melissa R. Wuellner, Brian D. S. Graeb, Matthew J. Ward, and David W. Willis. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch42.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Gizzard shad <em>Dorosoma cepedianum </em>is widely distributed in North America, and South Dakota marks the northwestern edge of its native range. To date, most research regarding population dynamics of gizzard shad has been conducted in more southerly waters. We reviewed the dynamics and biology of gizzard shad populations in South Dakota and compared this information with that reported for southerly populations. Once predicted to become extirpated in some South Dakota systems because of a lack of recruitment, gizzard shad populations today are naturally recruiting and have actually expanded their range, although adult population densities remain low. Recruitment of adult gizzard shad varied depending on the system. One population of gizzard shad introduced into a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation reservoir in western South Dakota exhibited erratic recruitment patterns, with only three age-groups recruited from 1993 to 2004. In contrast, adult gizzard shad samples collected in two Missouri River reservoirs indicated more consistent recruitment over an 8-year period. Peak abundance estimates of larval gizzard shad varied widely by system and by year. From 2004 to 2006, densities of gizzard shad in three western South Dakota reservoirs varied between 3 and 722 fish/100 m3. Densities of gizzard shad in Missouri River reservoirs in 2004 and 2005 varied between 6 and 24,640 fish/100 m3. Production of gizzard shad in South Dakota reservoirs may equal or exceed that of southern systems. When available as prey, age-0 gizzard shad are an important component of predator diets (30–100% by weight of all prey consumed by walleyes <em>Sander vitreus</em>). Introduction of gizzard shad resulted in increased growth rates for recreational fishes in western South Dakota. Currently, the presence of gizzard shad in South Dakota is considered to be a benefit to recreational fisheries in the state. However, further research should address the relationship between climate and reservoir operation on gizzard shad dynamics and the interactions between age-0 shad and age-0 <em>Micropterus</em>, <em>Perca</em>, and <em>Sander</em> spp.

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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by Mark T. Porath and Jeffrey J. Jackson. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch40.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Larval fish assemblages are an important component of reservoir communities by providing an abundant prey source critical to the recruitment of predator species into recreational fisheries. We examined the composition, abundance, and length distribution of larval fish in several Nebraska flood-control reservoirs from 2000 to 2004 that were stocked with walleye <em>Sander vitreus </em>and experienced weather-related extirpations of gizzard shad <em>Dorosoma cepedianum</em>. Gizzard shad dominated the larval fish assemblages with a wide-ranging length distribution prior to extirpation. After extirpation, Centrarchidae species eventually filled the void with a smaller and truncated length-frequency distribution. Larval fish densities varied widely throughout the study period with fewer prey available to predators with gizzard shad present in the assemblages. The extirpation of gizzard shad elicited a significant change to the larval fish assemblages of these reservoirs but did not prohibit the survival of stocked walleye fingerlings.

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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by R. Scott Hale, Donald J. Degan, William H. Renwick, Michael J. Vanni, and Roy A. Stein. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch34.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—In Ohio reservoirs, a perceived excess of available gizzard shad <em>Dorosoma cepedianum </em>prey and poor recruitment of stocked walleyes <em>Sander vitreus </em>during the 1970s resulted in research to develop and expand a program to stock saugeyes (walleye × sauger <em>S. canadensis</em>), a hybrid better suited for shallow, productive, and turbid reservoirs with short water-residence times. Development of successful production techniques increased saugeye stocking from fewer than 1.2 million to 6–10 million fingerlings (28–42 mm) per year during 1980 through 1990, presenting the challenge of determining stocking rates suited to available prey. To improve <em>Sander </em>spp. stocking practices, we assessed prey supply by quantifying fish biomass in Ohio reservoirs using acoustic technology. Fish biomass varied from 10 to 897 kg/ha as estimated by 53 acoustic surveys conducted on 16 reservoirs during 1999–2006. Among 15 variables associated with reservoir productivity, 84% of the variability in fish biomass was explained by watershed area, trophic state, reservoir area, and reservoir volume; watershed area plus trophic state explained 77% of this variability. Dominance of fish prey smaller than 150 mm, which represented more than 80% of fishes sampled in acoustic surveys, revealed that reservoir fish biomass largely reflected the upper limit of prey fish biomass morphologically available to age-1 and older <em>Sander </em>spp. Gizzard shad represented more than 50% of the fishes captured in 92% of gill-netting surveys conducted in conjunction with acoustic surveys. Unexpectedly, reservoirs with extensive prey biomass occasionally had poor recruitment for <em>Sander </em>spp., and these reservoirs often were stocked at lower rates than ones with better recruitment. Fisheries managers in Ohio can improve stocking practices by using acoustic surveys to predict reservoir capacity for stocked sport fish based on reservoir attributes, then applying these results to details of reservoir-specific recruitment of stocked fishes and their consumptive demand. Refining this supply and demand approach will require continual progress in understanding reservoir ecosystems and their watersheds.

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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by James E. McKenna, Richard P. McDonald, Chris Castiglione, Sandy S. Morrison, Kurt P. Kowalski, and Dora R. Passino-Reader. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch26.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—We describe a methodology for developing species–habitat models using available fish and stream habitat data from New York State, focusing on the Genesee basin. Electrofishing data from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation were standardized and used for model development and testing. Four types of predictive models (multiple linear regression, stepwise multiple linear regression, linear discriminant analysis, and neural network) were developed and compared for 11 fish species. Predictive models used as many as 25 habitat variables and explained 35–91% of observed species abundance variability. Omission rates were generally low, but commission rates varied widely. Neural network models performed best for all species, except for rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, gizzard shad <em>Dorosoma cepedianum</em>, and brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>. Linear discriminant functions generally performed poorly. The species–environment models we constructed performed well and have potential applications to management issues.

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"Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium." In Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium, edited by Mike W. Isel and John S. Odenkirk. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874585.ch7.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The nonnative Northern Snakehead <em>Channa argus </em>was first documented in the Potomac River system in 2004. Since then, their range in Virginia has expanded to include other rivers and numerous lakes as a result of dispersal and illegal introductions. Most Northern Snakehead lake populations were discovered after 2012. Through 2017, nearly 4,000 Northern Snakehead were collected via Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) electrofishing surveys, resulting in a robust dataset. These collections provided an opportunity to investigate food habits of Northern Snakehead in both lotic and lentic systems which may assist with management and a better understanding of potential community effects. Incidence of identifiable prey items (<em>n </em>= 677) was evaluated since 2004, however wet weights (<em>n </em>= 370) were not recorded until 2014. A total of 30 prey types were identified from Northern Snakehead stomachs taken from rivers, whereas 7 prey types were identified from lakes. Banded Killifish, Bluegill, and crayfish were the most abundant prey types (in order) based on frequency of occurrence for Northern Snakehead collected from rivers; whereas Bluegill, frogs, and Yellow Perch were most common in Northern Snakehead collected from lakes. Most important food types (in order) based on % wet weight for Northern Snakehead collected from rivers were Bluegill, Gizzard Shad, and Banded Killifish; whereas Bluegill, Yellow Perch, and frogs contributed the most mass for Northern Snakehead from lakes.

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"Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass." In Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass, edited by Scott L. Van Horn. American Fisheries Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874363.ch1.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—The term “inland striped bass” <em>Morone saxatilis</em> is used to describe populations established within freshwater reservoirs and their headwaters and indigenous populations living wholly within the freshwater portion of coastal rivers. In 1941, the gates closed on a project impounding the Santee and Cooper rivers, isolating a population of striped bass in a freshwater reservoir for the first time. This population thrived and biologists theorized that in reservoirs, striped bass could make use of additional forage fish by increasing predation pressure on large gizzard shad <em>Dorosoma cepedianum</em>, interact little as pelagic predators with existing reservoir game fish, and create a new sport fishery. Interest in duplicating the Santee-Cooper experience in other reservoirs created a demand for striped bass that was ultimately met by developing a successful striped bass culture protocol. Expanding striped bass culture capacity allowed the rapid expansion of inland striped bass around the country. As the new reservoir fisheries developed,stocking rates, growth rates, and mortality rates were related to harvest and catch statistics to inform evolving management strategies. Research in both reservoirs and coastal rivers also focused on understanding striped bass and hybrid striped bass habitat requirements, impacts on associated fish populations, and genetic considerations. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service figures from 2006 indicated that 25 million anglers fished for striped bass, white bass, and their hybrids in freshwater (excluding the Great Lakes) for 420 million days and estimated the total trip and equipment expenses at US$24.6 billion. Some controversy has followed inland striped bass management. A segment of reservoir striped bass anglers is increasingly strident in its demands for ever-increasing striped bass stocking rates while another segment of the angler population remains suspicious that the exotic introduction threatens more traditional reservoir fisheries. In coastal river populations, genetic tools have demonstrated that well-intentioned augmentation stocking has threatened striped bass populations indigenous to the Gulf of Mexico.

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