Journal articles on the topic 'Giudice naturale'

Tesi La sentenza Pescatore propone il dubbio se il giudice possa esaminare lo stato di un procedimento pendente all’estero facendo ricorso alle proprie conoscenze della lingua e del diritto di quello Stato. Dal punto di vista italiano, tale dubbio, di norma, va risolto in modo positivo. Una antisuit injunction del giudice inglese che inibisce la prosecuzione di un procedimento in Italia è una misura invasiva ma con la quale bisogna confrontarsi in situazioni di procedimenti paralleli tra Inghilterra e Italia, quando l’Inghilterra sia il foro naturale per la decisione della lite.   The author’s view The Pescatore ruling raises the question of whether the judge may examine the status of a pending foreign proceeding by relying on his own knowledge of the language and of the law of that State. From the Italian perspective, this doubt should normally be resolved in the affirmative. An antisuit injunction by the English court inhibiting the continuation of proceedings in Italy is an invasive measure but one that must be confronted in situations of parallel proceedings between England and Italy, when England is the natural forum for adjudicating the dispute.

That law is socially constructed is so ubiquitous a statement in law and the humanities as to render itself dangerously close to ‘common sense’. The subheading ‘Potential and Limits’ is the key to Giudice’s original argument in which he suggests that law is both socially constructed; yet retains a ‘natural’ core. When teaching critical theory, I encourage students to examine anything they understand as ‘common sense’ as a potential blind spot for bias and assumptions deeply ingrained in ideology. As such, the attempt to examine exactly such a potential blind spot is exactly the sort of problem legal philosophy should seek to address.

AbstractDel Giudice's model belongs among those that highlight the role of adaptive developmental plasticity in human reproductive strategies; but at least three other forms of evolutionary adaptation also influence reproductive behavior. Similar to earlier models, the existing evidence suggests that Del Giudice's hypothesized effects are rather weak. In particular, adult attachment styles are hardly predictive of outcomes visible to natural selection.

The use of cosmetic formulations that preserve the environment and are more biocompatible with human organisms is indispensable. And as there is the growing demand on the part of consumers, who are increasingly demanding to acquire more interesting cosmetic formulations, so that they can solve problems present in the capillary wire, such as, dryness, absence of brightness, presence of oiliness, among other aspects. Consumers want to direct the existing benefits in beauty salons, and TV commercials, among other means of disseminating knowledge, into their homes. These are looking to associate the cost of the finished cosmetic product with the benefit that this brings the skin. In this research we used the continuation of the studies of the scientists Araújo, Giudici and Sousaa and b, in 2018, in the development of a nanobiotechnological input of microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, which was registered in the USP-2018 patent. Thus, in this research we analyzed a cosmetic formulation, shampoo, in which the nanobiotechnological supply of this microalgae was used.

The use of naturally occurring nanobiotechnological inputs is essential for human health and the environment. This research is of fundamental importance, given consumers' current awareness of using more natural, sustainable and healthy pharmaceutical ingredients. Thus, there has been a growing demand for more biocompatible pharmaceutical formulations with the body, which should have on their labels no aggression to nature (environment) and no use of animal testing (USP-2018). Thus, consumers want to direct the benefits that come from nature, among other means of knowledge, to their families. They are seeking to associate the cost of the finished cosmetic product with the benefit it brings to the health of the human body. In this research the continuation of studies of scientists Araújo, Giudici and Sousa, in 2019 a, b and c, which used this patented nanobiotechnological input (USP-2018), was used in the natural formulation of liquid soap.

We review a class of supersymmetric models in which the light neutrino masses result from higher-dimensional supersymmetry-breaking terms in the MSSM super- and Kähler-potentials. The mechanism used in these models is closely related to the Giudice–Masiero mechanism for the MSSM μ parameter and leads to TeV-scale right-handed neutrino and sneutrino states. In these models, the dominant contribution to the light neutrino (Majorana) mass matrix is a one-loop term with a sub-dominant tree-level "seesaw" contribution. It is also shown that it is possible to construct a natural model of TeV-scale leptogenesis via the resonant behavior of the one-loop self-energy contribution to the right-handed neutrino (Ni) decay. This model addresses the primary problems of previous phenomenological studies of low-energy leptogenesis: a rational for TeV-scale right-handed neutrinos with small Yukawa couplings; the origin of the tiny, but non-zero mass splitting required between at least two Ni masses; and the necessary non-trivial breaking of flavor symmetries in the right-handed neutrino sector.

All'obiettivo di creare un sistema agricolo competitivo nei mercati mondiali, garante allo stesso tempo della salute dei consumatori, si accompagna l'esigenza di sviluppare le aree rurali, tutelare il territorio e proteggere l'ambiente. Protagonista è l'impresa agricola nella sua accezione multifunzionale, producendo essa non più (o non solo) beni (i prodotti agricoli), ma anche servizi ambientali e territoriali, nell'ambito di un modello di sviluppo endogeno e flessibile delle aree rurali. E proprio nel mercato dei servizi collegati alla tutela e alla conservazione dell'ambiente, caratterizzato dalla crescente domanda di qualità ambientale, l'impresa agricola non dotata di strumenti tali da poter competere nel mercato globalizzato dei beni, trova un naturale "sbocco" per la produzione di servizi legati alle sue specifiche caratteristiche territoriali. Tuttavia, se gli obiettivi che la nuova Politica di sviluppo delle aree rurali intende perseguire sono chiaramente desumibili dal contesto normativo, non altrettanto si può dire degli strumenti che si intende utilizzare, delle pronunce contrastanti dei giudici e della normativa ambientale e urbanistica.

Le moderne tecniche di fecondazione assistita ed in particolar modo la pratica della c.d. maternità surrogata, hanno, negli ultimi anni, determinato una serie di implicazioni morali, sociali e giuridiche che sono arrivate a coinvolgere non più soltanto il problema della paternità del figlio nato con procedimenti diversi da quelli naturali, ma anche quello della maternità. Il 14 febbraio 2000 un Giudice del Tribunale di Roma XI Sez. Civile ha emesso un’ordinanza con la quale ha autorizzato un medico ginecologico, nonostante il divieto previsto dal Codice Deontologico, a trasferire gli embrioni crio-conservati, ottenuti mediante fusione dei gameti dei due coniugi nell’utero di un’altra donna che si è offerta spontaneamente e gratuitamente di portare a termine la gravidanza. Contro questo ordinanza, hanno presentato ricorso la Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale di Roma e la Federazione Nazionale degli Ordini dei Medici Chirurghi e Odontoiatri. Il 30 marzo, tuttavia, il Tribunale di Roma XI sezione Civile ha giudicato inammissibili i ricorsi, confermando di fatto l’efficacia dell’ordinanza. Gli autori ripercorrono la vicenda giudiziaria per discutere la delicata problematica del fenomeno della surrogazione di utero, analizzando il contenuto dell’ordinanza e affrontando gli aspetti medico-legali, alla luce della dottrina, della giurisprudenza e della bioetica in materia, sia italiana che straniera.

UNO STUDIO COMPARATIVO DI CINQUE ISCRIZIONI LATINE: MISURE E COSTRUZIONEQuesto lavoro prende in considerazione il progetto e la costruzione di cinque iscrizioni del I secolo d.C. Misure prese da ogni iscrizione portano alla conclusione che esistesse un sistema per organizzare l'area occupata dallo scritto; questo controllava la lunghezza delle linee, lo spazio tra le linee, l'altezza e la forma delle lettere. Viene evidenziato come tale sistema fosse basato sulla suddivisione di un modulo in unità; il modulo stesso rappresentava un elemento di una generale griglia di controllo. Griglie sovrapposte sulle stesse lettere all'interno di ogni iscrizione hanno mostrato la notevole somiglianza della forma delle lettere anche di dimensioni molto diverse. Il metodo con cui tale precisione fosse ottenuta viene discusso e confrontato con i metodi moderni di organizzazione delle lettere e pratiche di incisione. Le conseguenze per l'interpretazione epigrafica di un tale piano di organizzazione geometrica possono essere giudicate sulla base dei testi ricostruiti delle cinque iscrizioni esaminate in questo lavoro. Sebbene si tratti di uno studio limitato ogni iscrizione viene differenziata per età, origine e funzione e rivela un sistema di controllo delle misure in maniera sufficientemente chiara da suggerire che esso avesse una più ampia applicazione. Teorie sui metodi adottati dai Romani nell'organizzazione delle iscrizioni, e nel modellamento ed incisione delle lettere, vengono avanzate sullo sfondo di due ricostruzioni a grandezza naturale fatte dall'autore di RIB.330 e RIB.288.

Abstract Background. Immunochemotherapy is effective in follicular lymphoma (FL), but most patients (pts) eventually relapse. MRD analysis, based on the detection of Bcl-2/IGH rearrangement by highly sensitive PCR-based tools, is effective in identifying pts at risk of relapse [Ladetto Blood 2012; Pott EHA23]. However, several issues are still unresolved, including: i) which is the best tissue source and the most reliable technique; ii) which are the most predictive time points; iii) which is the role of disease kinetics during the long natural history of FL. The FIL FOLL12 prospective, phase III randomized clinical trial (EudraCT: 2012-003170-60) included a systematic MRD analysis on both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) taken at eight different pre-planned time points, by both nested and real time quantitative (RQ)-PCR. Therefore, it allows addressing these unresolved issues. Methods. The FOLL12 compared conventional rituximab maintenance [Salles et al, Lancet 2010] vs a combined PET/MRD response-based post-induction approach in pts with advanced FL after first line chemo-immunotherapy. Clinical results have been already reported [Luminari et al, ICML16]. PB and BM samples were centralized at four Italian Euro-MRD certified laboratories. MRD was assessed with consensus primers on Bcl-2/IGH rearrangements (MBR, mcr and minor rearrangements) by both nested and RQ-PCR at eight time points: baseline, end of induction (EoI) and every six months thereafter till month 36. MRD data were treated as a time-varying covariate and analyzed by means of flexible parametric survival model (Parmar-Royston) with the log cumulative baseline hazard function. MRD data were modeled with restricted cubic spline as function of time. Effect of fixed covariates and landmark analysis were performed with the Cox PH regression. Any estimation was reported with its 95%CI. Results. Overall, 10,702 analytical results were generated, (3,000 for marker screening and 7,702 for MRD). 780 of 786 eligible pts (99%) were screened at baseline for the presence of a molecular marker. 443/780 (57%) had a detectable Bcl-2/IGH rearrangement, as expected. High rates of MRD negativity were observed at EoI, with similar results by both techniques (87% in BM and 95% in PB by nested-PCR, 90% in BM and 95% in PB with RQ-PCR). Overall, the presence of one MRD positive result was associated during the entire follow-up period with an increased risk of relapse in the subsequent six months interval (HR for PFS 2.82, 95% CI 1.84-4.34, p<0.001), independently from randomization arm (heterogenous test for HR in PFS 0.330), treatment received (HR 0.859) and FLIPI-2 (HR 0.302). Most notably, a sharp increase of HR was observed during follow-up, with time points after 6 and particularly after 12 months or later outperforming the earliest evaluation. Interestingly, very similar results were recorded in BM or PB and using nested or RQ-PCR (Figure 1A). Despite inferior performance compared to later timepoints, MRD positivity in BM at EoI was nevertheless predictive of a shorter 4y-PFS (61% vs 75% by nested-PCR and 54% vs 74% by RQ-PCR, p=0.03 and p=0.003, respectively). Moreover, a kinetic analysis showed that pts scoring MRD+ at EoI but converting to MRD- in the following time points showed superimposable outcome to pts persistently MRD- (HR for PFS 0.66, 95% CI 0.24-1.82, p=0.420), while pts scoring MRD- at EoI but then converting to MRD+ showed a worse outcome (HR for PFS 1.75, 95% CI 1.21-2.53, p=0.003) (Figure 1B). Actually, Kaplan Meier landmark analyses stratified by updated MRD results at each punctual timepoint after EoI were overall highly discriminant in terms of PFS, with PB results (Figure 1C) substantially overlapping BM performances from months 12 after EoI (not shown) and thereafter. Conclusions. This comprehensive MRD study in FL clearly indicates that: i) punctual MRD analysis is predictive of poor outcome at multiple pre-planned time points taken over a 36 months period; ii) both nested and RQ-PCR performed adequately, the latter being preferable as broadly used and internationally standardized; iii) BM allows better prediction at the early time points but, starting from month 12 after EoI PB is superimposable to BM, allowing effective and reliable long-term non-invasive MRD monitoring; iv) the high predictive value of punctual time point analysis is further improved by a kinetic approach to the interpretation of MRD results. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Ladetto: AbbVie, Jazz, Gentili, Incyte, ADC Therapeutics, Acerta, Pfizer: Honoraria; Roche, J&J, Celgene, Novartis, Amgen, Gilead, Beigene, GSK: Honoraria. Ferrero: Servier: Speakers Bureau; EUSA Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Morphosys: Research Funding; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Clinigen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Del Giudice: Tolero: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astrazeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Galimberti: Incyte: Speakers Bureau; AbbVie, Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel grants. Gattei: abbVie: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Menarini: Research Funding. Mannina: Janssen,Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Falini: Rasna Therapeutics: Honoraria. Luminari: Roche, Celgene, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

Abstract Let 𝐺 be a permutation group on a set Ω, and recall that a base for 𝐺 is a subset of Ω such that its pointwise stabiliser is trivial. In a recent paper, Burness and Giudici introduced the Saxl graph of 𝐺, denoted Σ ⁢ ( G ) \Sigma(G) , with vertex set Ω and two vertices adjacent if and only if they form a base for 𝐺. If 𝐺 is transitive, then Σ ⁢ ( G ) \Sigma(G) is vertex-transitive, and it is natural to consider its valency (which we refer to as the valency of 𝐺). In this paper, we present a general method for computing the valency of any finite transitive group, and we use it to calculate the exact valency of every primitive group with stabiliser a Frobenius group with cyclic kernel. As an application, we calculate the valency of every almost simple primitive group with an alternating socle and soluble stabiliser, and we use this to extend results of Burness and Giudici on almost simple primitive groups with prime-power or odd valency.

Abstract The flavour problem of the Standard Model can be addressed through the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism. In this work, we develop an approach to the study of FN textures building a direct link between FN-charge assignments and the measured masses and mixing angles via unitary transformations in flavour space. We specifically focus on the quark sector to identify the most economic FN models able to provide a dynamical and natural understanding of the flavour puzzle. Remarkably, we find viable FN textures, involving charges under the horizontal symmetry that do not exceed one in absolute value (in units of the flavon charge). Within our approach, we also explore the degree of tuning of FN models in solving the flavour problem via a measure analogous to the Barbieri-Giudice one. We find that most of the solutions do not involve peculiar cancellations in flavour space.

Riassunto. –L’economia politica è, tra le scienze umane, quella che maggiormente sperimenta l’attrazione verso i metodi quantitativi e in particolare verso la matematica e la statistica. Recentemente questa attrazione si è fatta ancor più forte che in passato, al punto che non è raro trovare, tra gli economisti, dei teorici che amerebbero vedere l’economia considerata come un ramo della matematica applicata. Ma sarebbe davvero utile convogliare l’economia tra le scienze naturali o addirittura spingerla al ruolo di un ramo della matematica applicata? Una attenta riflessione porta ben presto alla constatazione che il rapporto tra economia e matematica è molto più complesso di quanto possa sembrare a prima vista. L’autore sottolinea che ci sono almeno quattro caratteristiche che differenziano l’economia politica dalle scienze naturali: l’oggetto di studio; la finalità della ricerca economica tesa ad influenzare l’oggetto di studio; la sua caratteristica di disciplina per certi aspetti positiva e per altri aspetti normativa; il coinvolgimento dei giudizi di valore. Per illustrare queste differenze e inquadrare la dimensione autonoma dell’economia politica, l’autore ricorre ad una rassegna critica delle opinioni di alcuni economisti di rilievo, che hanno dedicato contributi all’argomento qui in discussione. Specifici riferimenti vengono fatti a Marshall, Keynes, Hicks, Morishima e – tra gli economisti maggiormente presenti nelle nostre discussioni – a Sraffa e Sen, ai quali ultimi l’autore si sente più vicino.***Abstract. – Among the human sciences, economics is the one experimenting a high degree of attraction towards quantitative methods and, in particular, towards mathematics and statistics. In our times, this attraction is even stronger than in the past, so that it is customary to find, among economists, theoreticians aiming at presenting economics as a branch of applied mathematics. Is it really useful to include economics among the natural sciences, or even to consider it as a branch of applied mathematics? A careful reflection leads quickly to the awareness that the relations between economics and mathematics are much more complex than one can see at first sight. The Author underlines that there are at least four characteristics which differentiate political economy from natural sciences: the object of study; the purpose of economic research (which has an influence on the object of study); its characteristic of being a discipline which is both positive and normative; the dependence on value judgements. To illustrate such differences, and to focus on the autonomous dimension of political economy, the Author critically reviews the opinions of some famous economists, who contributed to the subject under discussion. Specific references are made to Marshall, Keynes, Hicks, Morishima and – among the economists more relevant to the present discussion – Sraffa and Sen, to whom the Author feels closer than to the others.

Il contributo prende in esame una recente decisione della Corte di Cassazione (n. 9700 del 2009) che, giunge a conclusioni opposte a quelle dei giudici di primo e secondo grado. Essa, infatti, dispone che “anche il soggetto nato dopo la morte del padre naturale, verificatasi durante la gestazione per fatto illecito di un terzo, ha diritto nei confronti del responsabile al risarcimento del danno per la perdita del relativo rapporto e per i pregiudizi di natura non patrimoniale e patrimoniale che gli siano derivati”. Tuttavia, la Corte di Cassazione, nelle motivazioni, esclude “l’esigenza di ravvisare la soggettività giuridica del concepito per affermare la titolarità di un diritto in capo al nato” e ritiene che “del rapporto col padre e di tutto quanto quel rapporto comporta la figlia è stata privata nascendo, non prima che nascesse”. Su queste ed altre affermazioni vengono mosse alcune critiche da parte dell’ A. anche alla luce di un’ altra importante sentenza della Cassazione (n. 10741 del 2009). Quest’ultima, in base ad una serie di norme richiamate nella decisione, chiarisce che “in tale contesto, il nascituro o concepito risulta comunque dotato di autonoma soggettività giuridica (…) perché titolare, sul piano sostanziale, di alcuni interessi personali in via diretta, quali il diritto alla vita, il diritto alla salute o integrità psico-fisica, il diritto all’onore o alla reputazione, il diritto all’identità personale, rispetto ai quali- l’avverarsi della condicio iuris della nascita ex art. 1, 2 comma, c.c. (…) è condizione imprescindibile per la loro azionabilità in giudizio a fini risarcitori; su tale punto non può non rilevarsi come la questione della soggettività del concepito sia stata già posta più volte all’attenzione del legislatore italiano con alcuni disegni e proposte di legge”. Di qui l’importanza della proposta lanciata dal Movimento per la Vita fin dal 1995 di modificare l’art. 1 del Codice civile. ---------- This article examines the Court of Cassation’s recent decision (n. 9700 of 2011) which reached opposite conclusions compared to those of the first and second Tribunal. This decision states that “the subject born after his natural father’s death, caused during pregnancy by illicit means committed by a third party, has the right to demand compensation from the party for damages from both loss of paternal relationship and loss of pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits”. However, the Court of Cassation, in its deliberation, excludes “the need to recognize the legal subjectivity of the unborn child to assert the born child’s rights” and holds that “the daughter was deprived of her father and of all the things involved in its relationship at the moment of the birth, not before she was born”. Those and further affirmations are criticized by the A. in light of another very important decision of the Court of Cassation (n. 10741 of 2009). This statement, on the basis of several legal rules, clarifies that “in this context the unborn child has its own legal subjectivity (…) as direct holder of some personal interests like the right to life, right to health or psycho- physical integrity, right to honor or to reputation, right to personal identity, for those the condicio iuris of birth settled in the art. 1, 2 c. c. (…) is a condition to take legal action for compensation of damages. Regarding this point, the Italian Parliament has already introduced several draft bills.” Hence the importance of the proposal made by the Movimento per la Vita since 1995 to amend art. 1 of the Civil Code.