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Mason, Philippa Jane. "Landslide hazard assessment using remote sensing and GIS techniques." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8899.
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Smith, Steven Murray. "Assessing variability in the production of pasture using GIS and remote sensing techniques." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29293.
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Information relating to the spatial characteristics of biophysical resources has been difficult to incorporate into land management. In this study statistical analysis was used to demonstrate that forage yield and quality were influenced by the water balance and soil physical properties. Traditional empirical modelling techniques were of limited utility as predictors of yield and quality. However, multivariate statistical techniques provide predictor variables for individual forage cuts but not for a complete growing season.
GIS provided several distinct advantages over traditional statistical techniques. First, it provided techniques to interpolate point data (such as forage yield and quality variables), and provide spatial distributions for a wide number of biophysical properties. Secondly, overlaying forage variables such as yield with a digital elevation model in a categoric manner provided output displaying the spatial relationships between the variables. Relationships derived from overlays using elevation and water retention properties provided good spatial predictions for several forage variables. Thirdly, digitized colour-IR aerial photographs were incorporated into the GIS where the pixel information was combined as map overlays via a regression equation. The resulting output provided very accurate spatial predictions for forage yield and quality parameters. Finally, economic data was generated in a spatial context and the resulting display was used to assess the effects of irrigation and management on forage yield and quality.
The results suggest that the GIS techniques combined with remote sensing and economic data offer exciting possibilities to model and present spatial data.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Yang, Lisa S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Application of high resolution remote sensing and GIS techniques for evaluating urban infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120199.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-76).
City planners use information about a city's vegetation, urban morphology, and land-use to make decisions. The availability of high-resolution imagery is now expanding the type of information that can be used for planning as well as for understanding urbanization dynamics. This research uses very high resolution orthoimagery with three bands to obtain information about specific urban structures, such as roads and pavement, buildings, and solar panels, as well as non-impervious surface areas of vegetation and water. The maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) was used for the analysis of the images, and geographical information system (GIS) techniques were used to extract features. Two case studies were done for the cities of Phoenix, Arizona for the years 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2012 and for Seattle, Washington for 2002, 2005, and 2009. Results indicate that the area of buildings and the number buildings with solar panels have increased while the area of vegetation has increased for both Phoenix.and Seattle. The area of water has decreased for Seattle while the increase in water for Phoenix could suggest that more people are installing pools. The length of roads increases slightly for Seattle but decreases for Phoenix, a potential result of parking lots being converted into parking garages. The quantitative trends in the infrastructure were then compared to power law relationships between population and urban growing and scaling indicators.
by Lisa Yang.
S.M.
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Thompson, James. "Identifying Subsurface Tile Drainage Systems Utilizing Remote Sensing Techniques." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1290141705.
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Valdez-Zamudio, Diego. "Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques to Estimate Land Cover Changes in a Desert Watershed." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296481.
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From the Proceedings of the 1995 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 22, 1995, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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Nurul, Aini Binti Kamaruddin. "Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques to Monitoring of Protected Mangrove Forest Change in Sabah, Malaysia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215365.
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Ryan, Andrea L. "Assessment of spatial variability of silage corn quality and biomass using remote sensing and GIS techniques." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30294.
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The Matsqui area of the Lower Fraser Valley exhibits extreme soil heterogeneity, as the alluvial soils in the area have been deposited by the Fraser River as a series of coarse-textured ridges and finer-textured depressional areas. This variability poses some obvious problems with respect to agricultural management. The main aim of this study was to evaluate soil spatial variability in four fields, and to relate this soil variability to corn production and quality.
Site conditions, topography, and soil chemical and physical variables were related to corn biomass and nutrient concentrations using conventional correlation/regression analyses, and more spatially representative techniques such as those provided by remote sensing and geographic information systems.
Variations in such biophysical variables as soil moisture, elevation, and bulk density had consistent impacts on corn productivity, although these effects varied from field to field, being influenced by inherent soil properties and individual field management.
Good relationships were found between pixel brightness values extracted from digitized colour infra-red photos and corn quality variables. In three out of four fields, near infra-red pixel values gave good estimates of total corn crude protein content. Significant relationships were also found between pixel brightness values and corn phosphorus and calcium contents in certain fields.
The spatial variability of corn quality and biomass could be quantified using image analysis classification techniques. The resulting classified images indicate to the farm operator where high vs low quality corn is being produced, and thereby provide a tool for selectively managing and harvesting the fields.
The relationships and quantification of corn productivity and quality in the fields can further be improved through incorporation of the image data with the biophysical data base using GIS techniques. A multiple regression equation showing a significant relationship between elevation and pixel brightness values, and total corn phosphorus concentration was incorporated within the GIS to produce a quantitative corn quality map for the field exhibiting this relationship. The GIS overlay capability facilitates the classification of several corn variables, and allows the results to be displayed in a spatial manner. For example, corn biomass and quality maps were overlain using GIS techniques, to produce a combination map which then reflected both the quality and quantity of corn found in the field.
Through integration of remote sensing and GIS techniques, soil and crop variability can be displayed in a spatial manner. The output from such procedures can aid farm operators in making selective field management and harvesting decisions.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Warren, Anthony James. "Integrating remote sensing and GIS techniques with ecological models to map biological diversity in boreal forest." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ49691.pdf.
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Khalaf, Adla Jamil. "Spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge in the West Bank using remote sensing and GIS techniques." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/442/.
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Estimating groundwater recharge to aquifer systems is a very important element in assessing the water resources of the West Bank. Of particular interest is the sustainable yield of the aquifers. Previous studies have developed analytical recharge models that are based on the long-term annual rainfall data. These models have been shown to be inadequate and changes over shorter periods, e.g. monthly estimates, must be known in order to study the temporal distribution of recharge. The approach used in this research integrates data derived from satellite images (e.g. land cover, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and digital elevation model) with hydrogeological data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) model to identify and map the surface recharge areas. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) is applied to time series of remote sensing MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 3 data of reflectance and surface temperature measurements to estimate monthly evapotranspiration; precipitation is derived from the monthly data sets of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); runoff is given assumed values of 0.75 mm month-1 and 0.4 mm month-1 for the months of January and February, respectively. Recharge is quantified from November until March by applying the water balance method where evapotranspiration estimates and runoff are subtracted from precipitation. Results show good agreement between data reported in the literature and remote sensing-based analysis. Empirical models that are based on long term rainfall measurements suggest recharge values between 800 and 836 MCM yr-1 while the remote sensing based model results estimate recharge to be 700 MCM yr-1. The Western, North-Eastern, and Eastern Aquifer Basins receive 30%, 23%, and 47% of the total calculated recharge while percentages available in the literature provide 49%, 22%, and 29%, respectively. Discrepancies are mainly due to lack of field data, the overestimation of actual evapotranspiration, and underestimation of TRMM precipitation values. The recharge map indicates that the most effective groundwater recharge zones are located in the north and west of the area that is characterised by thick and well developed soil deposits, heavy vegetation, and a sub-humid climate with the potential of significant recharge occurring during the wet season. Some areas in the east include concentration of drainage and stream flows which increase the ability of to recharge the groundwater system. The least effective areas are in the south and south-west region that is more arid with much less recharge, mainly due to its isolated thin soil deposits. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to demonstrate the impact of land cover change on groundwater and natural recharge. The assessment involved the use of land covers of 1994 and 2004 with the same fixed parameters of evapotranspiration, precipitation, drainage, slope, soil, and geology. Results show a decrease in high and intermediate high recharge areas from 40.25 km2 and 2462.25 km2 in year 1994 to 15.5 km2 and 1994 km2 in 2004, respectively. This illustrates the extent of land cover/land use change influence on recharge and calls for integrated plans and strategies to preserve recharge at least at its current rates.
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McLay, Nicholas Ross. "Ice Velocity and Mass Balance Study of the Skelton Glacier, Antarctica, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Gateway Antarctica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7883.
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The Skelton Glacier is one of the many smaller outlet glaciers located in the Transantarctic Mountains, where it drains ice into the Ross Ice Shelf. These outlet glaciers are important when determining the past, present, and future state of the mass balance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. This research uses satellite imagery acquired over a period of 15 years to obtain a high resolution velocity field for the Skelton Glacier which is then used to calculate the mass flux and mass balance at ten flux gates along the glacier using the input-output method. The high resolution velocity field is combined with ice thickness data and accumulation data from other sources to obtain the total mass balance.
The high resolution velocity field of the Skelton Glacier was created using European Remote-Sensing Satellite 1 and 2 (ERS-1/2) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired in 1996 with the processing technique of SAR interferometry (InSAR). Because of the lack of differential InSAR pairs,
new auxiliary data from the ICESat and TanDEM-X mission were included into the analysis. A velocity field was created at a spatial resolution of 50m which was validated with in situ GPS measurements from 2011/12, and compared to lower resolution velocity fields of the Skelton Glacier. The ice velocity field is at improved accuracy for this area compared to previous studies and is thought to be representative for the mean ice velocity. The analysis of ice flux at several flux gates
allowed an improved error estimation of the applied technique to estimate the overall mass balance.
Mass flux estimates along the glacier were calculated using the new velocity field and additional thickness data, which was then compared to two accumulation datasets to give mass balance estimates along the glacier at selected flux gates. The mass flux through the grounding line was found to be 1.2165 Gt a⁻¹, which needs to be balanced in a state of mass balance equilibrium by a mean annual snow accumulation of about 185 mm a⁻¹ water equivalent over the total catchment area determined with 6569 km². The mass balance at the grounding line is slightly negative, but the second flux gate is thought to be more representative of the mass balance, which is estimated to be 0.0441 Gt a⁻¹. Error
analysis of the mass balance estimates found uncertainties in this data to be approximately 0.110 Gt a⁻¹. It is concluded from the analysis that further improvements in the overall mass balance estimate can be primarily obtained by a better knowledge of ice thickness and snow accumulation.
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Bartsch, Annett. "GIS and remote sensing techniques for the identification of sediment transport process areas in subarctic alpine environments." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398399.
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Haghighattalab, Atena. "High-throughput phenotyping of large wheat breeding nurseries using unmanned aerial system, remote sensing and GIS techniques." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34486.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Geography
Douglas G. Goodin
Jesse A. Poland
Kevin Price
Wheat breeders are in a race for genetic gain to secure the future nutritional needs of a growing population. Multiple barriers exist in the acceleration of crop improvement. Emerging technologies are reducing these obstacles. Advances in genotyping technologies have significantly decreased the cost of characterizing the genetic make-up of candidate breeding lines. However, this is just part of the equation. Field-based phenotyping informs a breeder’s decision as to which lines move forward in the breeding cycle. This has long been the most expensive and time-consuming, though most critical, aspect of breeding. The grand challenge remains in connecting genetic variants to observed phenotypes followed by predicting phenotypes based on the genetic composition of lines or cultivars. In this context, the current study was undertaken to investigate the utility of UAS in assessment field trials in wheat breeding programs. The major objective was to integrate remotely sensed data with geospatial analysis for high throughput phenotyping of large wheat breeding nurseries. The initial step was to develop and validate a semi-automated high-throughput phenotyping pipeline using a low-cost UAS and NIR camera, image processing, and radiometric calibration to build orthomosaic imagery and 3D models. The relationship between plot-level data (vegetation indices and height) extracted from UAS imagery and manual measurements were examined and found to have a high correlation. Data derived from UAS imagery performed as well as manual measurements while exponentially increasing the amount of data available. The high-resolution, high-temporal HTP data extracted from this pipeline offered the opportunity to develop a within season grain yield prediction model. Due to the variety in genotypes and environmental conditions, breeding trials are inherently spatial in nature and vary non-randomly across the field. This makes geographically weighted regression models a good choice as a geospatial prediction model. Finally, with the addition of georeferenced and spatial data integral in HTP and imagery, we were able to reduce the environmental effect from the data and increase the accuracy of UAS plot-level data. The models developed through this research, when combined with genotyping technologies, increase the volume, accuracy, and reliability of phenotypic data to better inform breeder selections. This increased accuracy with evaluating and predicting grain yield will help breeders to rapidly identify and advance the most promising candidate wheat varieties.
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Valdez-Zamudio, Diego, and D. Phillip Guertin. "Soil Erosion Estimation in the Sonoyta River Watershed Using the USLE and Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297019.
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Winterbottom, Sandra J. "An analysis of channel change on the Rivers Tay and Tummel, Scotland, using GIS and remote sensing techniques." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2178.
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This thesis examines historical river channel change on a 12km study reach of the Rivers Tay and Tummel Scotland via the development of GIS and remote sensing techniques. Firstly, historical maps were combined using GIS rectification techniques in order to examine channel changes over the period 1755 to 1975. Secondly, also using GIS methodology, channel planforms as depicted in a series of aerial photographs were overlain to study recent channel change (1971 to 1994) including that caused by two major flood events. The study formed part of wider investigations into the hydrology and geomorphology of the River Tay, following the 1990 and 1993 flood events commissioned by organisations involved with management of the river. The study reach in 1863 and 1899 was shown to have alternating, highly divided sections with multiple mid-channel islands, and stable single-thread sections although, overall, the channel was less braided than depicted on 18th century maps. By 1975, the multi-channel sections had changed to a predominantly single-thread character and it is proposed that this had occurred in response to flood embankment construction and bank protection leading to channel narrowing and incision. This has wider implications for the management of the River Tay as channel instability supports diverse natural habitats with high conservation value. Once recent river planform changes on the study reach had been identified, stable and unstable reaches were defined allowing the determination of the degree and nature of instability using GIS methodology which included quantification of active channel widths and gravel area, braiding indices, sinuosity and channel occupancy indices. A number of unstable reaches were also studied in the field to examine the processes responsible for river bank erosion. In addition, the effect of in-channel morphology on river planform changes was examined by applying image analysis to bands 3, 5, 6 and 8 of airborne multi-spectral imagery (Daedalus ATM) to map channel bathymetry. The results showed that changes in channel planform and position occurred almost entirely in response to extreme flood events and that areas of greatest channel change were in zones of historical instability resulting from the presence of less cohesive sediments along the courses of former river channels. A meander-like alternation of pool-riffle sequences controlled the local distribution of bank erosion along most of these reaches by deflecting thalwegs against outer banks. The information derived from the study was used to construct an erosion hazard map. Using raster-based GIS techniques, these data were combined with measurements of distance from river channel and flood return periods, to create a model which enabled spatial mapping of river bank erosion probabilities. These probabilities were then mapped for hypothetical floods of 5, 10 and 25 year recurrence interval.
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Paiboonvorachat, Chamaporn. "Using remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess land use/land cover changes in the Nan watershed, Thailand /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594501431&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Silva, Edivam Josà da. "Hydrogeological characterization of watersheds in the semi arid baiano using GIS techniques." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5282.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoFor the adoption of water resources management in dry regions where water availability is limited, knowledge of the different processes of the hydrological cycle is needed, especially the precipitation and flow. Therefore, techniques of GIS are essential in studies of hydrological modeling. The study on maximum flow in a watershed is important because the same act on soil erosion, flooding in urban and rural areas, hydraulic works, among others. The Salitre basin is located in the State of Bahia, Brazil, and its Pacui sub-basin is fully inserted in the Campo Formoso municipio. With a drainage area of 987.74 km2, it is one of the main drainage sub-basin of Salitre river. Hence, the objective of this work was to characterize physiographically the Pacui sub-basin, estimate peak flow by USDA-SCS and Dooge methods, and estimate the hourly evapotranspiration in the sub-basin using the algorithm SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land) and images from Landsat 7 - ETM. The Global Mapper software was used for the analysis of land numerical model (SRTM). The ENVI 4.3 software was used for georeferencing of data from topographic maps of SUDENE, and the Arcmap 9.2 software was used for watershed delineation. The time of concentration was determined by USDA and Dooge methods. To determine the radiation balance images from the INPE (National Institute for Space Research) were used and processed by Arcmap  software, within algorithm SEBAL was developed. The basin presented low slope and then tends to reduce the flood peak because of the low speed runoff. ArcHidro proved to be an effective tool in the delineation of river basins and the generation of drainage network and compared with those obtained by maps from SUDENE. The algorithm SEBAL proved to be an agile and efficient tool in evapotranspiration estimation. The use of SRTM provided information of parameters as surface albedo, incident long-wave and shortwave radiations, pixel to pixel. Lower rates of hourly evapotranspiration (<0.15 mm.h-1) were recorded in areas of exposed soils, and higher rates were found in irrigated areas and vegetation, expressing the sensitivity of algorithm SEBAL on evapotranspiration estimation in watershed scale.
Para a adoÃÃo de uma gestÃo adequada dos recursos hÃdricos tendo como unidade de planejamento a bacia hidrogrÃfica, o conhecimento dos diferentes processos do ciclo hidrolÃgico se faz necessÃrio, notadamente da precipitaÃÃo, do escoamento e da evapotranspiraÃÃo. Portanto, tÃcnicas de geoprocessamento sÃo imprescindÃveis nos estudos de modelagem hidrolÃgica a nÃvel de bacias hidrogrÃficas. O estudo sobre o escoamento superficial, em uma bacia hidrogrÃfica à importante pelo fato do mesmo atuar sobre a erosÃo do solo, inundaÃÃes em Ãreas rurais e urbanas, obras hidrÃulicas, entre outros. A bacia do rio Salitre esta localizada no Estado da Bahia, e a sub-bacia do rio Pacui esta inserida totalmente no municÃpio de Campo Formoso, com Ãrea de drenagem de 987,74 km2, constituindo umas das principais subbacias de drenagem para o rio Salitre. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se caracterizar fisiograficamente a sub-bacia rio Pacui e bacia do rio Salitre, analisar a estimativa de vazÃo de pico pelos mÃtodos de SCS-USDA e de Dooge, e estimar a evapotranspiraÃÃo horÃria na bacia do rio Pacui utilizando-se o algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land) e imagens do Landsat 7 â ETM. Utilizou-se os softwares Global Mapper, para anÃlises do modelo numÃrico do terreno (SRTM), ENVI 4.3, para georeferenciamento dos dados tendo como base as cartas topogrÃficas da SUDENE e do software ArcMap 9.2 para delimitaÃÃo automÃtica de bacias. O tempo de concentraÃÃo foi determinado pelos mÃtodos USDA e de Dooge. Para determinar o balanÃo de radiaÃÃo utilizou-se de imagem da regiÃo obtida junto ao INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) e processadas na ferramenta Ãlgebra de mapa no software ArcMap onde foi desenvolvido o algoritmo SEBAL. A bacia apresenta baixa declividade, portanto tende a uma reduÃÃo dos picos de descargas devido à baixa velocidade de escoamento superficial. A extensÃo ArcHidro mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz na delimitaÃÃo de bacias e na geraÃÃo de rede drenagem, comparando com as obtidas pelas cartas da DSG/SUDENE. O algoritmo SEBAL mostrou-se uma ferramenta Ãgil e eficiente na estimativa da evapotranspiraÃÃo. A utilizaÃÃo do SRTM proporcionou ganhos de informaÃÃes nos parÃmetros albedo da superfÃcie, radiaÃÃo de ondas longas incidente, radiaÃÃo de onda curtas incidente, pixel a pixel. Menores taxas de evapotranspiraÃÃo horÃria (< 0,15 mm.h-1) foram registradas em Ãreas de solos expostos e as maiores nas Ãreas irrigadas e vegetaÃÃo no geral, expressando a sensibilidade do algoritmo SEBAL na estimativa da evapotranspiraÃÃo em escala de bacias hidrogrÃficas.
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Griesbach, Christopher James. "Improving LiDAR Data Post-Processing Techniques for Archaeological Site Management and Analysis: A Case Study from Canaveral National Seashore Park." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5491.
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Methods used to process raw Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data can sometimes obscure the digital signatures indicative of an archaeological site. This thesis explains the negative effects that certain LiDAR data processing procedures can have on the preservation of an archaeological site. This thesis also presents methods for effectively integrating LiDAR with other forms of mapping data in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment in order to improve LiDAR archaeological signatures by examining several pre-Columbian Native American shell middens located in Canaveral National Seashore Park (CANA).
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Mosad, Abdraboh Mosad Hanan [Verfasser]. "Applications of GIS and remote sensing techniques for studying the housing patterns in Cairo Governorate / Hanan Mosad Abdraboh Mosad." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054243786/34.
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Siddiqi, Muhammad Junaid. "Remote sensing and GIS techniques for monitoring and predicting land degradation and impacts of engineering solutions in an area." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2427.
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Salinity, waterlogging and drought are major causes of land degradation and serious threats to sustainable agricultural productivity in the south-west agricultural region of Western Australia (WA). The spectral signatures of pasture plants under drought, waterlogging and nutrient deficiency were examined in a greenhouse study using both a field and an analytical laboratory spectrometer (400 to 2,500 nm wavelength). Drought stress group (RWC, 39.9%) has the highest reflectance of 48.2%, waterlogging group (RWC, 49.7%) with a magnitude of 43.1% reflectance and control group (RWC, 61.5%) has the lowest of 41.9%. The highest separability based on magnitude among control, waterlogging and drought stress groups is located at reflection band at 1,666 nm, 1,818 nm and 2,216 nm and at 1,450 nm absorption bands. Remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to predict risks of soil salinity and waterlogging in the study area. Time-sequenced Landsat TM satellite data and groundwater data were analysed to delineate areas where major changes in soil salinity, waterlogging have taken place before and after engineering interventions of deep drains.The rainfall data analysis of all cities in the south-west of Western Australia indicate that annual rainfall has been decreasing since 1969 for some cities in the region and rainfall is decreasing in some cities since 1975. The winter season rainfall shows a downward trend and summer season rainfall shows an upward trend linked to an increase in the frequency of summer storm events in the south-west, in the Wheatbelt and in the east of Western Australia. The annual rainfall and summer season rainfalls have been increasing in the north of Western Australia and both annual rainfall and summer season rainfalls show an increasing trend. Climate change was studied for northern, eastern, Wheatbelt and south-west of WA and its impacts of on surface runoff, groundwater recharge, and land degradation were studied.Deep open drains were monitored in the two major drainage districts of Narembeen and Dumbleyung in Wheatbelt of Western Australia. The efficacy of drains in mitigating the problems of waterlogging and salinity in the area was studied. Information on monitoring of drains in six coastal districts in Western Australia, from Australia and other countries was collated and a coastal drainage best management practices ‘BMP Toolbox’ has been developed.
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Robinson, Timothy P. "Modelling the seasonal distribution of habitat suitability for armyworm population development in East Afirca using GIS and remote sensing techniques." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306322.
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Osunmadewa, Babatunde Adeniyi. "Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Vegetation Change Dynamics in the Guinea Savannah Region of Nigeria using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-229288.
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The use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series over the last decades has increased our understanding of vegetation change dynamics from global to regional scale through quantitative analysis of inter-annual trends in NDVI and climatological parameters (rainfall and temperature). Change in land cover induced by human activities such as livestock grazing and deforestation for large-scale farming (subsistence and mechanized) has influenced the ecological pattern of the Guinea savannah region (GSR) of Nigeria, thereby resulting in loss of biodiversity and changes in vegetation cover. In the context of the GSR of Nigeria where agriculture still plays a major role in people’s economy, it is important to identify the relationship between climatic variables, vegetation productivity and human activities which can be used to understand the on-going transition processes.
This study, therefore, examines the spatial and temporal relationship between NDVI and climate parameters, land use land cover change (LULCC) and the perspective of local people on vegetation change dynamics in the study region. In order to do this, bi-monthly NDVI3g time series datasets from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS), monthly rainfall datasets from Tropical Applications of Meteorology Satellite (TAMSAT), monthly temperature datasets from Climate Research Unit (CRU), national land use land cover (LULC) data of Nigeria from Forestry Management Evaluation & Coordination Unit (FORMECU), global land cover datasets from European Space Agency, Landsat imagery and socio-economic field data collection were used in order to understand vegetation change dynamics across the Guinea savannah regions of Nigeria.
Time series analysis (TSA) was applied to both NDVI and climate data used in order to examine the temporal dynamics of vegetation cover change and to detect NDVI-climate relationship during the period from 1983 through 2011. Both parametric and non-parametric statistical models were employed for the assessment of long-term inter-annual trend on the decomposed time series datasets for the whole region (Guinea savannah region) and selected locations. In addition to the TSA, harmonic regression analysis was performed on NDVI and rainfall datasets in order to examine change in seasonality and phyto-phenological characteristics of vegetation. Detection of change in land use and land cover was done by extracting information from existing land cover datasets (ancillary datasets). CLASlite was used for the assessment of the extent of deforestation, while linkage between remotely sensed data and social science was carried out via field surveys based on questionnaires in order to understand the drivers of vegetation change.
The study reveals that about 90 % of the Guinea savannah region show positive NDVI trends which indicate greening over time, while about 10 % of the region shows negative trends. This greening trends are closely related to regions where intensive agriculture is being practiced (also along inland valleys) while regions with negative trends show significant loss in woodlands (forest and shrublands) as well as herbaceous vegetation cover due to over-grazing by agro-pastoralism. The result confirms that there is a good relationship (statistically significant positive correlation) between rainfall and NDVI both on intra-annual and inter annual time scale for some selected locations in the study region (> 65 %), while negative statistical correlation exists between NDVI and temperature in the selected locations. This implies that vegetation growth (productivity) in the region is highly dependent on rainfall. The result of the harmonic regression analysis reveals a shift in the seasonal NDVI pattern, indicating an earlier start and a more prolonged growing season in 2011 than in 1983. This study proves significant change in LULC with evidence of an increase in the spatial extent of agricultural land (+ 30 %) and loss of woodlands (- 55 %) between 2000 and 2009 for Kogi State. The results of the socio-economic analysis (people’s perception) highlight that vegetation change dynamics in the study region are the resultant effects of increased anthropogenic activities rather than climatic variability. This study couples data from remote sensing and ground survey (socio-economics) for a better understanding of greening trend phenomena across the Guinea savannah region of Nigeria, thus filling the gap of inadequate information on environmental condition and human perturbation which is essential for proper land use management and vegetation monitoring.
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Hunter, Bruce Allan. "A comparison of universal soil loss equation results using a remote sensing/GIS technique to results obtained using a field survey technique." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798044/.
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Digital satellite remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used in conjunction with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to model soil erosion potential within watersheds. This study compared erosion estimates calculated by the remote sensing method to results obtained in the field by soil conservationists using conventional methods.
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Fagbeja, M. "Applying remote sensing, GIS and emissions techniques to air quality and carbon dioxide emissions measurements and monitoring in the Niger Delta." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/24727/.
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Due to economic, accessibility and security constraints, the majority of developing countries within the low-latitudes lack the capacity to establish networks of ground-based air pollution monitoring stations. As a result, there is a lack of systematic and consistent measurements and monitoring of the concentrations of air pollutants in most of these countries. In addition, there is the lack of verifiable inventories of sources of atmospheric emissions. In order to mitigate these constraints, this research presents an investigation into the relevance of currently available satellite sensors to estimate concentrations of air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and tropospheric ozone) and carbon dioxide over the Niger Delta, a developing region in southern part of Nigeria. It further presents a methodological framework designed to interpolate column concentrations from satellite sensors over the entire study area using ordinary kriging interpolation techniques in ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst. The study also carries out an assessment of the reliability and resolution of the interpolated surfaces based on a subjective categorisation of the number of column measurements available from satellites sensors and the mean of the Euclidean distances between the column measurements. The results indicate varying degrees of reliability and resolution depending on the climatic seasons in the Niger Delta. The results further show that measurements from satellite sensors are reliable means of measuring and monitoring total and tropospheric column concentrations of air pollutants over the Niger Delta. However, ground-based measurements are required to infer ground-level concentration of pollutants from satellite sensor measurements. Seasonal variations observed in the concentrations of air pollutants indicate higher concentrations during the dry season than during the wet season. In addition to the satellite sensor-based assessment of concentrations of air pollutants and CO2, this research designed and constructed a GIS-based Niger Delta Emission Inventory (NDEI) infrastructure for criteria air pollutants (carbon monoxide, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide), methane, non-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide. The NDEI has point-source, line-source and area-source components. The construction of the inventory infrastructure effectively relied on the interoperability of GIS and spreadsheet. Due to the lack of access to data, the infrastructure is populated with data generated based on a series of assumptions. This produced estimates with varying degree of uncertainties. Despite these uncertainties, the methods applied in generating data are transferrable to other developing regions where there is limited access to data required for estimating emissions. In addition, the process successfully validates the functionality of the infrastructure to produce accurate emission estimates as and when data that are more accurate are available. Although the estimates of emissions generated from the inventory have limited accuracy, the spatial distributions of the emissions have varying degree of accuracy. The most reliable estimates and spatial distribution of estimates are generated from the area-source (residential) component of the inventory due to the available data and the assumptions applied. The spatial distribution of emissions generated from the inventory are accurate to the extent of the available input spatial data. The thesis concludes by recommending further research work to explore opportunities to infer ground level concentrations of pollutants from satellite sensor measurements. In addition, the thesis recommends the implementation of a site survey to collect site-specific information in order to refine the input data into the NDEI to produce accurate estimates of emissions. The recommendations made from this study aim towards enhancing the development of relatively inexpensive means of measuring and assessing air quality for developing regions within the low latitudes.
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Nyamugama, Adolph. "Monitoring carbon stocks in the sub-tropical thicket biome using remote sensing and GIS techniques : the case of the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and its environs, Eastern Cape province, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020303.
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The subtropical thicket biome in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa has been heavily degraded and transformed due overutilization during the last century. The highly degraded and transformed areas exhibit a significant loss of above ground carbon stocks (AGC) and loss of SOC content. Information about land use /cover change and fragmentation dynamics is a prerequisite for measuring carbon stock changes. The main aim of this study is to assess the trends of land use/cover change, fragmentation dynamics, model the temporal changes of AGC stocks in the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and its environs from 1972 to 2010, quantify and map the spatial distribution of SOC concentrations in the partial subtropical thicket cover in the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and environs (communal rangelands). Multi-temporal analyses based on 1972 Landsat MSS, 1982 and 1992 Landsat TM, 2002 Landsat ETM and 2010 SPOT 5 High Resolution images were used for land use/cover change detection and fragmentation analysis. Object oriented post-classification comparison was applied for land use/cover change detection analysis. Fragmentation dynamics analysis was carried out by computing and analyzing landscape metrics in land use/cover classes. Landscape fragmentation analyses revealed that thicket vegetation has increasingly become fragmented, characterized by smaller less linked patches of intact thicket cover. Landscape metrics for intact thicket and degraded thicket classes reflected fragmentation, as illustrated by the increase in the Number of Patches (NP), Patch Density (PD), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), and a decrease in Mean Patch Size (MPS). The use of remote sensing techniques and landscape metrics was vital for the understanding of the dynamics of land use/cover change and fragmentation. Baseline land use/cover maps produced for 1972, 1982, 1992 2002 and 2010 and fragmentation analyses were then used for analyzing carbon stock changes in the study area. To model the temporal changes of AGC stocks in the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and its environs from 1972 to 2010, a method based on the integration of RS and GIS was employed for the estimation of AGC stocks in a time series. A non-linear regression model was developed using NDVI values generated from SPOT 5 HRG satellite imagery of 2010 as the independent variable and AGC stock estimates from field plots as the dependent variable. The regression model was used to estimate AGC stocks for the entire study area on the 2010 SPOT 5 HRG and also extrapolated to the 1972 Landsat MSS, 1982 and 1992 Landsat TM, and 2002 Landsat ETM. The AGC stocks for the period 1972 -1982, 1982-1992, 1992-200) and 2002-2010 were compared by means of change detection analysis. The comparison of AGC stocks was carried out at subtropical thicket class level. The results showed a decline of AGC stocks in all the classes from 1972 to 2010. Degraded and transformed thicket classes had the highest AGC stock losses. The decline of AGC stocks was attributed to thicket transformation and degradation which were caused by anthropogenic activities. To map and quantify SOC concentration in partial (fractional) thicket vegetation cover, the spectral reflectance of both thicket vegetation and bare-soils was measured in situ. Soil samples were collected from the sampling sites and transported to the laboratory for spectral reflectance and SOC measurements. Thicket vegetation and bare soil reflectance were measured using spectroscopy both in situ and under laboratory conditions. Their respective endmembers were extracted from ASTER imagery using the Pixel Purity Index (PPI). The endmembers were validated with in situ and laboratory thicket and bare-soil reflectance signatures. The spectral unmixing technique was applied to ASTER imagery to discriminate pure pixels of thicket vegetation and bare-soils; a residual spectral image was produced. The Residual Spectral Unmixing (RSU) procedure was applied to the residual spectral image to produce an RSU soil spectrum image. Partial Least Squares Regression (PSLR) model was developed using spectral signatures of a residual soil spectrum image as the independent variable and SOC concentration measured from soil samples as the dependent variable. The PSLR prediction model was used to predict SOC concentration on the RSU soil spectral image. The predicted SOC concentration was then validated with SOC concentration measured from the field plots. A Strong correlation (R2 = 0.82) was obtained between the predicted SOC concentration and the SOC concentration measured from field samples. The PSLR was then used to generate a map of SOC concentration for the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and its environs. Areas with very low SOC concentrations were found in the degraded communal villages, as opposed to the higher SOC values in the protected area. The results confirmed that RS techniques are key to estimating and mapping the spatial distribution of SOC concentration in partial subtropical thicket vegetation. Partial thicket vegetation has a huge influence on the soil spectra; it can influence the prediction of SOC concentration. The use of the RSU approach eliminates partial thicket vegetation cover from bare soil spectra. The residual soil spectrum image contains enough information for the mapping of SOC concentration. The technique has the potential to augment the applicability of airborne imaging spectroscopy for soil studies in the sub-tropical thicket biome and similar environments.
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Sirikulchayanon, Poonthip. "Assessing the impacts of the 2004 tsunami on mangroves using GIS and remote sensing techniques : a case study of Phang Nga, Thailand /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136085621&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ganapathy, Savitha. "Impact of fire on the vegetation of the tropical forests of Uttara Kannada District in India using GIS and remote sensing techniques." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444206.
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Ndlovu, Nomzamo Bonisiwe. "Quantifying indigenous forest change in Dukuduku from 1960 to 2008 using GIS and remote sensing techniques to support sustainable forest management planning." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85622.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to understand how Dukuduku Forest in Kwa-Zulu Natal has changed from 1960 to 2008 and whether the change in political regimes, during and post apartheid eras might have contributed to changes in forest extent. To achieve the aims, the following analyses were made: - Qualitative and quantitative spatial analyses of forest change; - Analyses of the correspondence of change with political changes in the country; - Assessment of perception of people living in the Dukuduku forest area. The Dukuduku land cover was mapped from aerial photos using ArcGIS 9.3 to determine whether or not there has been a significant change in the area from 1960-2008, in response to resource use pressures and to come up with the strategic sustainable management plan from the results found. Five aerial photographs were used to determine the changes in land cover from the year: 1960, 1970, 1992, 2005 and 2008. The Land cover types were classified into four classes, Indigenous Forests, Plantation Forests, Water Bodies and Other (open areas, cultivated land, and all the human disturbed and transformed land). The percentage of cover per class was compared across the years to determine overall change in land cover and the rate of change per year was also calculated. The results from the study showed that: - Natural Forest increased by 11% (700 ha), at the rate of 20.56 hectares per year between 1960 and 1992, which is the apartheid era. Between 1992 and 2008, the democratic era, the forest decreased by 34.4% (2472.31ha), at the rate of 168 hectares per year. - The Dukuduku forest community gains resources (timber and grass for construction, art, firewood, medicinal plants, grazing of livestock and food) from the forest. The people are willing to contribute in protecting the forest only if the governing authorities would include them in decisions made, as the NFA demands Participatory Forest Management, but which does not currently exist in Dukuduku.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die verandering van die Dukuduku woud in Kwa-Zulu Natal vanaf 1960 tot 2008, en vernaamlik of die verandering in politieke regimes tydens en in die postapartheid eras tot verandering bygedra het in die woud se vorm. Om hierdie doelwitte te breik is die volgende analises gedoen: - Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe ruimtelike analises van woudverandering; - Analises van die korrelasie tussen hierdie fisiese omgewingsverandering en politieke verandering in die land; - Analise van die persepsie van mense wat in die Dukuduku woudgebied woon. Die Dukuduku gronddekking is gekarteer met behulp van lugfotos, waarvoor ArcGIS 9.3 gebruik is om te bepaal of daar noemenswaardige verandering in die gebied plaasgevind het van 1960 tot 2008, in reaksie op hulpbrongebruike, en om ‘n volhoubare bestuursplan gestel voor wat op die bevindinge gebaseer is. Vyf lugfotos is gebruik om verandering in gronddekking te bepaal vir die jare: 1960, 1970, 1992, 2005 en 2008. Die Gronddekking tipes is geklassifiseer in vier klasse naamlik Inheemse Woude, Plantasiebosse, Waterliggame en Ander (oop gebiede, landerye en al die mens-versteurde en getransfomeerde gebiede). Die persentasie van elke dekkingsklas is oor die jare vergelyk om die verandering in algehele grond-dekking te bepaal, en die tempo van verandering is ook bepaal, asook die tempo van verandering. Die resultate van die studie wys dat: - Die natuurlike woud toegeneem het met 11% (700 ha), teen ‘n tempo van 20.56 hektaar per jaar tussen 1960 en 1992, tgedurende die apartheidsera. Tussen 1992 en 2008, die demokratiese era, het die woude verminder met 34.4% (2472.31 ha), teen ‘n tempo van 168 hektaar per jaar. - Die gemeenskap wat in die Dukuduku woud woon verkry hulpbronne van die woud (hout en gras vir konstruksie, kuns, brandhout, medisinale plante, weiding vir vee, en voedsel). Die mense is gewillig om by te dra tot beskerming van die woud indien die owerhede hulle sou betrek in besluite wat geneem word, veral omdat die nasionale Wet op Bosse voorsiening maak vir Deelnemende Bosbestuur, wat tans nie by Dukuduku gebeur nie.
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Fortescue, Alexander Kenneth John. "The use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, to interpret savanna ecosystem patterns in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, Mpumalanga province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005533.
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This thesis explores techniques which ultimately strive to optimize production systems in rangeland areas of southern Africa. By linking spatially significant, satellite derived data to practical measurements of vegetation structure, valuable insight has been derived on processes of ecosystem function, in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve. A broad ecosystem response mechanism has been established from a conventional Normalized Differentiation Vegetation Index (NDVI). By responding to increases in production, which are driven by disturbance, this index has allowed quantitative systems theory in savanna to be tested and refined. Methods of biomass and production estimation which are specifically designed to reduce the cost and time involved with the more conventional method of destructive harvesting have been tested in the savanna at the Sabi Sand Game Reserve. Results from these estimates relate well with data derived through destructive harvesting in structurally similar savanna. Moreover, by relating the above-ground woody production estimates to remere sensing indices, it was possible to demonstrate that the problem of extrapolation, universal to most biomass and production studies can be overcome. Since remote sensing encompasses an array of tools fundamental to rangeland inventory, monitoring and management, valuable spatially significant information pertaining to ecosystem structure and function has been provided for managers in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve.
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Kolli, Meena Kumari [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Opp. "Lake Catchment Interaction Analysis by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques – the case study of Kolleru Lake, South India / Meena Kumari Kolli ; Betreuer: Christian Opp." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228535701/34.
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Chari, Martin Munashe. "Assessing the vulnerability of resource-poor households to disasters associated with climate variability using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Nkonkobe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2425.
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The main objective of the study was to assess the extent to which resource-poor households in selected villages of Nkonkobe Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from wet-season Landsat images covering a period of 29 years from 1985 to 2014 in order to objectively determine the temporal recurrence of drought in Nkonkobe Local Municipality. Vulnerability of households to drought was determined by using a multi-step GIS-based mapping approach in which 3 components comprising exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity were simultaneously analysed and averaged to determine the magnitude of vulnerability. Thereafter, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to establish weighted contributions of these components to vulnerability. The weights applied to the AHP were obtained from the 2012 - 2017 Nkonkobe Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and perceptions that were solicited from key informants who were judged to be knowledgeable about the subject. A Kruskal-Wallis H test on demographic data for water access revealed that the demographic results are independent of choice of data acquired from different data providers (χ2(2) = 1.26, p = 0.533, with a mean ranked population scores of 7.4 for ECSECC, 6.8 for Quantec and 9.8 for StatsSA). Simple linear regression analysis revealed strong positive correlations between NDWI and NDVI ((r = 0.99609375, R2 = 1, for 1985), 1995 (r = 0.99609375, R2 = 1 for 1995), (r = 0.99609375, R2 = 1 for 2005) and (r = 0.99609375, R2 = 1 for 2014). The regression analysis proved that vegetation condition depends on surface water arising from rainfall. The results indicate that the whole of Nkonkobe Local Municipality is susceptible to drought with villages in south eastern part being most vulnerable to droughts due to high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity.
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Bachofer, Felix [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Hochschild. "Assessment of Paleo-Landscape Features using Advanced Remote Sensing Techniques, Modelling and GIS Methods in the Lake Manyara Basin, Northern Tanzania / Felix Bachofer ; Betreuer: Volker Hochschild." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1163665320/34.
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Le, Trong Dieu Hien, Gia Huan Pham, Tien Dat Nguyen, Xuan Truong Nguyen, and Van Tat Pham. "Application of remote sensing and GIS technique to analyze the land-use change: the case of Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32571.
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Digital change detection is a helpful technique using multi-temporal satellite image for analyzing landscape exchange. The objective of this study is an attempt to assess the land-use changes in Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province, Vietnam in the period of fifteen years, from 2001 to 2015.
Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image data files of years from 2001 to 2015 were collected on website of United States Geological Survey (USGS). Then, the images supervised were classified into five classes including perennial plant, annual plant, barren and urban land, and water body using Maximum Likelihood classification method in ENVI 4.7, and mapped using ArcGIS. The results show that during fifteen years, perennial land and urban land have been increased by 39.83% and
10.32%, while annual land and water body have been decreased by 1.37% and 5.35% accordingly, respectively.Phát hiện thay đổi số hóa là một kỹ thuật hiệu quả sử dụng hình ảnh vệ tinh đa thời gian cho phân tích thay đổi cảnh quan. Bài viết này là một sự cố gắng nhằm đánh giá sự thay đổi đất sử dụng ở huyện Phú Giáo, tỉnh Bình Dương, Việt Nam trong khoảng thời gian mười lăm năm từ năm 2001 đến năm 2015. Các file dữ liệu ảnh Landsat TM của các năm từ 2001 đến 2015 đã được thu thập trên trang web nghiên cứu Địa chất Hoa Kỳ (USGS). Sau đó, các hình ảnh giám sát được phân thành năm lớp bao gồm cả cây trồng lâu năm, cây trồng hàng năm, đất đô thị cằn cỗi và vùng nước sử dụng phương pháp phân loại Maximum Likelihood trong ENVI 4.7, và lập bản đồ bằng sử dụng ArcGIS. Kết quả cho thấy rằng trong suốt mười lăm năm, diện tích đất trồng cây lâu năm, đất đô thị đã được tăng tương ứng là 39,83% và 10,32%, trong khi đất đai hàng năm và vùng nước giảm 1,37% và 5,35%.
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Afolabi, Olamide. "Quantitative characterisation of channel sinuosity, determination of catchment and sedimentary basin controls on channel sinuosity and interpretation of channel planform in fluvial systems with GIS and remote sensing techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=226793.
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This work have quantitatively determine the catchment variables controlling the sinuosity transition of non-valley constrained DFS channels in Alaska, Himalaya and the Andes. Results from the characterisation of channel sinuosity were used through regression analyses to determine the catchment and channel bed parameters controlling reach sinuosity trend and transition of fluvial channel planforms in order to infer a control on the heterogeneity of DFS in the rock record. The catchment approach used was necessary because the studied fluvial systems are associated with DFS (which are regarded as larger forms of alluvial fans) and catchment based approach have been used to investigate controls on alluvial fan morphology. In addition, catchment based investigations are rare in the analyses of the discriminant functions that are considered as controlling factors on channel sinuosity and planform employed previously in the tributary systems. Two distinct channel types were found through the characterisation of 553 reaches of fluvial channels in 3 different modern continental sedimentary basins; channels with no transition in sinuosity/planform (group 1), and channels with transition in sinuosity/planform (group 2) Among the channel bed and catchment quantitative variables investigated in this work, catchment area is the only parameter that shows a general relationship with the channel distance from the apex to the transition point in channel sinuosity through the overall regression results. The result shows that the bigger the catchment area the longer the transition point which is related to a higher water and sediment discharge. Thus, the point at which the channel sinuosity transition will occur can be predicted from the catchment area through the regression equation [y=0.0017x + 28] of the overall linear regression line, where x is the catchment area and y is the channel distance from the apex to the point of transition in channel sinuosity. As the studied channels are associated with DFS, this relation also reflects the prediction of the transition point in the DFS fluvial styles in the rock record. Overall regression analysis results show statistically poor results for the relationship between catchment elevation, catchment slope, channel bed elevation, channel bed slope and either the channel sinuosity or the sinuosity transition. However, in all the three study areas, the majority of the datasets show a trend with the catchment area/sinuosity transition relationship. Additionally, the study area with mainly the biggest catchments (longer channel sinuosity transition) is associated with the highest catchment slope, lowest channel bed elevation and more anabranching channels. Also, the study area with mainly the smallest catchments (shorter channel sinuosity transition) is associated with lower catchment slope, higher channel bed elevation and fewer anabranching channels. This suggests that the higher water and sediment discharge may be related to the steeper slopes and the anabranching channels may reflect the lower channel bed elevation. However, deviations obeserved in the overall regression result in the three study areas are attributed to the differences in the climatic, geologic and tectonic factors in the 3 settings. Although, the differences in these study areas have been shown, nevertheless the interpretations cannot be substantiated in this work with the available data. Thus, there is need for further research to prove any conclusive relationship between these factors and hence remains an issue of debate. In conclusion, this work shows that catchment area is an important controlling parameter on the transition in channel sinuosity of non-valley constrained DFS channels and consequently reflects a a control on the transition in spatial variations of the associated DFS in the rock record.
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HAFIZ, AHMED. "AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF GEOMATICS TECHNIQUES. THE CASE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PRODUCTION IN EL FAYOUM REGION, EGYPT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/253798.
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Egypt is one of the biggest importer for wheat, worldwide. Thus, many national plans have been conducted aiming at increasing wheat production and reducing the gap between production and consumption. Agro-ecological research at multiple scale and field experiments are therefore needed to study and assess the land suitability for wheat cultivation and the effect of various production constraints on wheat production.
El Fayoum Governorate, as one of the main wheat production regions in Egypt, was selected as a case study in the current research. With the overall aim of monitoring and improving the understanding of past and actual constrains of wheat production in the area, a multiple scale approach (field, local, regional scale) was designed, integrating field agronomic surveys, geostatistics, and remote sensing.
At field level, an experiment was carried out to assess the effect of soil salinity on wheat production, as soil salinity is the major problem threatening the agricultural production in the area. The experimental work was carried out to cover several locations with different salinity levels and where different wheat varieties were planted. Moreover, soil salinity monitoring during the last five years was performed. More specifically, the field experiment was performed in 3 different geographical locations with different electric conductivity levels. The first two locations successfully produced wheat, while the third location did not. The main logical justification related to the third location is the very high existing level of electric conductivity (16.5 dS m-1). The achieved results confirmed that salinity has a strong effect on wheat production, as the location characterized by 4.6 dS m-1 gave a mean production of 8.1 t/ha, while the location with 8.64 dS m-1 gave a mean harvest of 4.9 t/ha. In addition, the 1000-grain weight was 58.4 g in the location with 4.6 dS m-1, and 53.2 g for the location with 8.64 dS m-1.
At local scale, soil salinity monitoring was applied at Sinnuris District comparing the soil samples collected in the framework of this study in 2014 with available soil salinity data collected in 2009. Geo-statistical Kriging technique was utilized in order to produce the soil salinity map for Sinnuris District for the periods 2009 and 2014. Then, a detailed comparison between recent and older map was performed. The results show a significant improvement in soil salinity, with an increase of the area of low electric conductivity (i.e. < 2 dS m-1) from 1.28 ha in 2009, to 9119.16 ha in 2014. This impressive result could be related to the construction of a new sub-surface drainage system in the area, which started in 2007, and demonstrate the effectiveness of water management policies in Sinnuris District.
Land use/ land cover change analysis was performed to provide a general overview of the landscape dynamics in the El Fayoum region over the last thirty years, with a specific focus on urban expansion, land reclamation, and agricultural transition processes. To meet this task, a set of Landsat TM/OLI multispectral images acquired in 1984, 1998, and 2013 were classified using supervised techniques and maps of the main land covers (i.e. agricultural area, orchards, bare soil, desert, water bodies, urban areas) were generated. The classification accuracy has been evaluated by means of ground truth GPS data collected in the field. Finally, post-classification change detection analysis has been applied to identify the main changes occurred in the study area during the considered time frame. Classification accuracy for all the images was satisfactory (overall accuracy > 90%, K > 0.9). Regarding land cover changes, the results indicate that during the 1984-1998 period the rapid population growth has led to a strong expansion of urban areas (+21%) and a concurrent expansion of agricultural lands (+36%) at the expenses of orchards, but also of deserts and bare lands, thanks to relevant land reclamation projects. Between 1998 and 2013, the trend of urban expansion continued steeply (+50%), but a dramatic decline in agricultural (-16%) and orchard (-41%) areas occurred, accompanied also by an increase in bare soils (+57%). This trends suggest possible overexploitation and depletion of the soil resources in the area, with consequent decrease of land productivity and soil degradation processes leading to serious loss of agricultural production potential. Land reclamation projects seem not always effective in a long term perspective, as many reclaimed lands were re-converted into bare soils after few years. Given the strong soil salinization problems reported in the study area, more efficient irrigation and water management strategies are deemed fundamental to reverse this trend.
The results of this study demonstrate how an integrated analysis of traditional agronomic field experimental data and modern technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems can be a powerful tool for multiple-scale analysis of complex agricultural landscapes such as the El Fayoum region. Current general trends of urban expansion and loss in land production in the area calls for immediate intervention by policy makers, preferentially to improve water and irrigation management rather than reclaiming new land. An efficient implementation of water drainage system project in the Sinnuris District lead to a strong improvement of soil quality reducing salinity in a short time. Given the strong effect on wheat production of soil salinity, further agronomic experimentation for identifying salt-tolerant wheat varieties could also greatly contribute to wheat production increase in the region.
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Dhanasekaran, Deepananthan. "A Locally Adaptive Spatial Interpolation Technique for the Generation of High-Resolution DEMs." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306112037.
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Zandler, Harald [Verfasser], and Cyrus [Akademischer Betreuer] Samimi. "Assessment of Woody Biomass and Solar Energy Resources with Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques : A Regional Study in the High Mountains of the Eastern Pamirs (Tajikistan) / Harald Zandler. Betreuer: Cyrus Samimi." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080237720/34.
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Osunmadewa, Babatunde Adeniyi [Verfasser], Elmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Csaplovics, and Olabinjo Clement [Gutachter] Adeofun. "Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Vegetation Change Dynamics in the Guinea Savannah Region of Nigeria using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques / Babatunde Adeniyi Osunmadewa ; Gutachter: Elmar Csaplovics, Olabinjo Clement Adeofun ; Betreuer: Elmar Csaplovics." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140735616/34.
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Moore, Alahna. "Using Digital Mapping Techniques to Rapidly Document Vulnerable Historical Landscapes in Coastal Louisiana: Holt Cemetery Case Study." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2477.
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This thesis outlines a technique for rapid documentation of historic sites in volatile cultural landscapes. Using Holt Cemetery as an exemplary case study, a workflow was developed incorporating RTK terrain survey, UAS aerial imagery, photogrammetry, GIS, and smartphone data collection in order to create a multifaceted database of the material and spatial conditions, as well as the patterns of use, that exist at the cemetery.
The purpose of this research is to create a framework for improving the speed of data creation and increasing the accessibility of information regarding threatened cultural resources. It is intended that these processes can be scaled and adapted for use at any site, and that the products generated can be utilized by researchers, resource management professionals, and preservationists. In utilizing expedited methods, this thesis specifically advocates for documentation of sites that exist in coastal environments and are facing imminent destruction due to environmental degradation.
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Whitt, Jeffrey Glen. "The Bobwhite Population Decline: Its History, Genetic Consequences, and Studies on Techniques for Locating and Assessing Current Populations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505132/.
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The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population decline is a severe, rangewide phenomenon beginning >150 years ago and continuing today. In this investigation, I: 1. document the timeline of bobwhite population decline and unintended genetic consequences of attempted remedies, 2) develop a model useful for predicting possible locations of potentially sustainable bobwhite populations in semiarid rangeland in Texas and Oklahoma, and 3) examine the relationship between population monitoring data and meteorological factors. While breeding season call counts of male bobwhite have been used for >70 years to provide estimates of fall populations for hunting, most studies of call counts have focused on mathematics and statistical accuracy of the count, largely overlooking the influence of meteorological factors on call counts. Here, I present the results of >4,400 individual point counts and examine their relationship with meteorological variables recorded at each stop. Humidity was positively correlated with the number of birds recorded (ρ = 0.275, p < 0.001) and temperature was negatively correlated (ρ = -0.252, p < 0.001). The number of birds recorded was significantly higher in wet years than in drought years. There was no significant correlation between wind velocity and number of birds recorded. These results suggest that, while weather does influence call counts and efforts should be made to record meteorological conditions when collecting call count data, the influence of weather may not easily factor into the analysis. These results also provide another line of evidence for decreased breeding behavior during high temperatures. With the increased focus on bobwhite habitat management on a regional scale, there is a need for reliable methods to identify potential bobwhite habitat. To identify bobwhite habitat in semiarid rangeland, I performed classification of LANDSAT scenes of Clay County, Texas from July and December 2015. Stands of mature little bluestem provide excellent bobwhite nesting cover and could be identified using LANDSAT imagery. I scored habitat by type, compared these scores with the results of breeding season call counts from 2014 and 2015 and found significant correlation. When used in combination with other landscape data, this approach can provide a regional context to inform conservation and management decisions.
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Mobasher, Katayoun. "Kinematic and Tectonic Significance of the Fold- and Fault- Related Fracture Systems in the Zagros Mountains, Southern Iran." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04232007-151527/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Hassan Babaie, committee chair; Pamela Burnley, Timothy La Tour, Zhi Young Yin, committee members. Electronic text (143 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 11, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-143).
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Margatho, Silvana Maria Franco. "Adequabilidade do uso da terra na região do medio curso do Rio Pardo (SP) e potencialidades de ecoturismo." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257212.
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Orientador: Carlos Roberto EspindolaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T13:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Margatho_SilvanaMariaFranco_D.pdf: 1380936 bytes, checksum: 75378147a2b6b7013453830304809f71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: A partir de avaliações do meio físico e do diagnóstico das atividades desenvolvidas na região do Médio Pardo (SP), principalmente as agrícolas, efetuou-se um estudo da adequabilidade de uso de suas terras, com vistas ao planejamento regional e às possibilidades de inserção do ecoturismo como uma alternativa de desenvolvimento sustentável. Um dos suportes ao estudo foi a carta de solos, justamente com técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e do sistema de informação geográfica; a avaliação das terras foi estabelecida a partir do sistema de aptidão agrícola, com integração de informações pelo SIG Idrisi for Windows versão 32.0. Os planos de informação para entrada no SIG foram, basicamente, a mencionada carta de solos, dados climáticos, cartas topográficas, e uso das terras. Este último componente foi obtido por processamento digital de imagens TML/Landsat, tendo sido os demais digitalizados por teclado. O confronto dos mapas de aptidão de uso do solo e do mapa de uso atual, por sobreposição, permitiu o estabelecimento das áreas de uso adequado e de uso inadequado, a partir dos quais chegou-se ao mapa de áreas mais aptas ao ecoturismo, no qual a declividade representou um índice de grande peso (limite máximo de 13% para práticas agrícolas usuais). As áreas de maior complexidade para o desenvolvimento sustentado são aquelas mapeadas como uso não adequado com superutilização do solo, portanto mais suscetíveis à degradação. Com o presente trabalho, poder-se-ão readequar as alternativas de uso inserindo-se aí as áreas mais propicias ao ecoturismo regional
Abstract: From the evaluation of land areas and diagnosis of activities developed in the area of the Medio Pardo(SP),mainly the agricultural, the study was established on adequacy of land use, focused on regional planning and possibilities of Ecotourism insert as an alternative for the sustainable development. One of the supporting tool was the soil map, with the remote sensoring techniques and the Geographic Information System; the land evaluation was established from the SIG Idrisi for Windows version 2.0.The data plans for the SIG input were, basically, the mencioned: soil map, climatic data, topographic chart and land use. The current land use was obtained by TM/Landsat digital image processing. All the other information was bring to digital format on keyboard. The analysis of the suitability map and the current land use map, done by overlaying, showed areas with adequate and inadequate use, from which were established maps of areas able to Ecotourism , where the inclination represents a big percentage (more than 13% of the inclination). The areas with of biggest complexity for the sustained development are those indicated as inadequate use where there is an overuse of the soil, therefore more susceptible to degradation. With the current study, it will be possible to readequate the use alternatives including the most suitable areas for the regional Ecotourism
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Dambe, Natalia. "Riverine flooding using GIS and remote sensing." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31738.
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Floods are caused by extreme meteorological and hydrological changes that are influenced directly or indirectly by human activities within the environment. The flood trends show that floods will reoccur and shall continue to affect the livelihoods, property, agriculture and the surrounding environment. This research has analyzed the riverine flood by integrating remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and hydraulic and/or hydrological modeling, to develop informed flood mapping for flood risk management. The application of Hydrological Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC RAS) and HEC HMS models, developed by the USA Hydrologic Engineering Center of the Army Corps of Engineers in a data-poor environment of a developing country were successful, as a flood modeling tools in early warning systems and land use planning. The methodology involved data collection, preparation, and model simulation using 30m Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as a critical data input of HEC RAS model. The findings showed that modeling using HEC-RAS and HEC HMS models in a data-poor environment requires intensive data enhancements and adjustments; multiple utilization of open sources data; carrying out multiple model computation iterations and calibration; multiple field observation, which may be constrained with time and resources to get reasonable output.
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Madsen, Matthew D. "Influence of Soil Water Repellency on Post-fire Revegetation Success and Management Techniques to Improve Establishment of Desired Species." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1994.
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The influence of soil water repellency (WR) on vegetation recovery after a fire is poorly understood. This dissertation presents strategies to broaden opportunities for enhanced post-fire rangeland restoration and monitoring of burned piñon and juniper (P-J) woodlands by: 1) mapping the extent and severity of critical and subcritical WR, 2) determining the influence of WR on soil ecohydrologic properties and revegetation success, and 3) evaluating the suitability of a wetting agent composed of alkylpolyglycoside-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers as a post-fire restoration tool for ameliorating the effects of soil WR and increasing seedling establishment. Results indicate that: • Post-fire patterns of soil WR were highly correlated to pre-fire P-J woodland canopy structure. Critical soil WR levels occurred under burned tree canopies while sub-critical WR extended out to approximately two times the canopy radius. At sites where critical soil WR was present, infiltration rate, soil moisture, and vegetation cover were significantly less than at non-hydrophobic sites. These parameters were also reduced in soils with subcritical WR relative to non-hydrophobic soils (albeit to a lesser extent). Aerial photography coupled with feature extraction software and geographic information systems (GIS) proved to be an effective tool for mapping P-J cover and density, and for scaling-up field surveys of soil WR to the fire boundary scale. • Soil WR impairs seed germination and seedling establishment by decreasing soil moisture availability by reducing infiltration, decreasing soil moisture storage capacity, and disconnecting soil surface layers from underlying moisture reserves. Consequently, soil WR appears to be acting as a temporal ecological threshold by impairing establishment of desired species within the first few years after a fire. • Wetting agents can significantly improve ecohydrologic properties required for plant growth by overcoming soil WR; thus, increasing the amount and duration of available water for seed germination and seedling establishment. Success of this technology appears to be the result of the wetting agent increasing soil moisture amount and availability by 1) improving soil infiltration and water holding capacity; and 2) allowing seedling roots to connect to underling soil moisture reserves.
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Al, Sghair Fathi Goma. "Remote sensing and GIS for wetland vegetation study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4581/.
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Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches, combined with ground truthing, are providing new tools for advanced ecosystem management, by providing the ability to monitor change over time at local, regional, and global scales. In this study, remote sensing (Landsat TM and aerial photographs) and GIS, combined with ground truthing work, were used to assess wetland vegetation change over time at two contrasting wetland sites in the UK: freshwater wetland at Wicken Fen between 1984 and 2009, and saltmarsh between 1988 and 2009 in Caerlaverock Reserve. Ground truthing studies were carried out in Wicken Fen (UK National Grid Reference TL 5570) during 14th - 18th June 2010: forty 1 m2 quadrats were taken in total, placed randomly along six transects in different vegetation types. The survey in the second Study Area Caerlaverock Reserve (UK National Grid Reference NY0464) was conducted on 5th - 9th July 2011, with a total of forty-eight 1 m2 quadrats placed randomly along seven transects in different vegetation types within the study area. Two-way indicator species (TWINSPAN) was used for classification the ground truth samples, taking separation on eigenvalues with high value (>0.500), to define end-groups of samples. The samples were classified into four sample-groups based on data from 40 quadrats in Wicken Fen, while the data were from 48 quadrats divided into five sample-groups in Caerlaverock Reserve. The primary analysis was conducted by interpreting vegetation cover from aerial photographs, using GIS combined with ground truth data. Unsupervised and supervised classifications with the same technique for aerial photography interpretation were used to interpret the vegetation cover in the Landsat TM images. In Wicken Fen, Landsat TM images were used from 18th August 1984 and 23rd August 2009; for Caerlaverock Reserve Landsat TM imagery used was taken from 14th May 1988 and 11th July 2009. Aerial photograph imagery for Wicken Fen was from 1985 and 2009; and for Caerlaverock Reserve, from 1988 and 2009. Both the results from analysis of aerial photographs and Landsat TM imagery showed a substantial temporal change in vegetation during the period of study at Wicken Fen, most likely primarily produced by the management programme, rather than being due to natural change. In Cearlaverock Reserve, results from aerial photography interpretation indicated a slight change in the cover of shrubs during the period 1988 to 2009, but little other change over the study period. The results show that the classification accuracy using aerial photography was higher than that of Landsat TM data. The difference of classification accuracy between aerial photography and Landsat TM, especially in Caerlaverock Reserve, was due to the low resolution of Landsat TM images, and the fact that some vegetation classes occupied an area less than that of the pixel size of the TM image. Based on the mapping exercise, the aerial photographs produced better vegetation classes (when compared with ground truthing data) than Landsat TM images, because aerial photos have a higher spatial resolution than the Landsat TM images. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this study is that it provides evidence that the RS/GIS approach can provide useful baseline data about wetland vegetation change over time, and across quite expansive areas, which can therefore provide valuable information to aid the management and conservation of wetland habitats.
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Tyoda, Zipho. "Landslide susceptibility mapping : remote sensing and GIS approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79856.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Landslide susceptibility maps are important for development planning and disaster management. The current synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps largely applies GIS and remote sensing techniques. One of the most critical stages on landslide susceptibility mapping is the selection of landslide causative factors and weighting of the selected causative factors, in accordance to their influence to slope instability. GIS is ideal when deriving static factors i.e. slope and aspect and most importantly in the synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps. The integration of landslide causative thematic maps requires the selection of the weighting method; in order to weight the causative thematic maps in accordance to their influence to slope instability. Landslide susceptibility mapping is based on the assumption that future landslides will occur under similar circumstances as historic landslides. The weight of evidence method is ideal for landslide susceptibility mapping, as it calculates the weights of the causative thematic maps using known landslides points. This method was applied in an area within the Western Cape province of South Africa, the area is known to be highly susceptible to landslide occurrences. A prediction rate of 80.37% was achieved. The map combination approach was also applied and achieved a prediction rate of 50.98%. Satellite remote sensing techniques can be used to derive the thematic information needed to synthesize landslide susceptibility maps and to monitor the variable parameters influencing landslide susceptibility. Satellite remote sensing techniques can contribute to landslide investigation at three distinct phases namely: (1) detection and classification of landslides (2) monitoring landslide movement and identification of conditions leading up to an event (3) analysis and prediction of slope failures. Various sources of remote sensing data can contribute to these phases. Although the detection and classification of landslides through the remote sensing techniques is important to define landslide controlling parameters, the ideal is to use remote sensing data for monitoring of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence in an effort to provide an early warning. In this regard, optical remote sensing data was used successfully to monitor the variable conditions (vegetation health and productivity) that make an area susceptible to landslide occurrence.
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Gustavsson, Andreas, and Selberg Martin. "Delineation of Ditches in Wetlandsby Remote Sensing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354612.
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Wetlands have been heavily affected by human-alteration, this is done to drain thewetland so that the ground can be used for other purposes such as forestry oragriculture. With high accuracy data available now, it is possible to use differentmethods automatically to identify these ditches in wetlands or other areas. Fourdifferent methods were applied to two areas to delineate ditches. To compare the different methods, the results were quantified by comparing with amanually created map of the ditches. Drainage density and an agreement index wereused. The results indicate that the methods of impoundment index and map gullydepth are best able to distinguish the ditches in wetlands. The former gave a betterresult on areas inside wetlands while the latter gave a better result with non-wetlandareas. The other two methods make mistakes and misjudgements that givemisleading results, they ignore ditches partially or completely, or finds ditches inareas without them. Even so, all methods are at least a clear improvement over thecurrently available property map's water flows, but not in the same class as the timeconsumingmanual method.Våtmarker har påverkats mycket av människan genom dikning, detta görs för attdränera våtmarken så att marken kan användas för andra syften som skogsbruk ellerjordbruk. Med höjddata i hög noggrannhet som nu finns tillgänglig är det möjligt attanvända olika metoder för att urskilja dessa diken i våtmarker. Fyra olika metodermed applicerades på två olika områden för att undersöka möjligheten att urskiljadiken. För att jämföra de olika metoderna kvantifieras resultaten genom att jämföras meden manuellt skapad karta över diken. Dränerings densitet och ettöverensstämmelseindex användes. Resultaten pekar på att metoderna fördämningsindex (impoundment index) och ravindjupskartering (map gully depth) klarar bäst avatt urskilja diken i våtmarker. Där den föregående ger ett gav ett bättre resultat inomvårmarker och den senare gav ett bättre resultat generellt över området. De tvåandra metoderna gör missar och felbedömningar som ger missvisande resultat.Oavsett det, så är karteringen av dikena i nuläget en klar förbättring överFastighetskartans vattenflöden, men inte i samma klass som den tidskrävandemanuella metoden.
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Ahmadzadeh, M. R. "Reasoning with uncertainty in remote sensing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804/.
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Bennett, Kimberly Dean. "Fiber optic techniques for remote sensing." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104293.
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Kam, F. "Classification techniques for hyperspectral remote sensing." Thesis, Department of Informatics and Sensors, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6163.
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This study concerns with classification techniques in high dimensional space such as
that of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) data sets, with objectives of understanding the
strength and weakness of various classifiers and at the same time to study how their
performances can be assessed particularly when there is an absence of ground truth
target map in the data set. The thesis summaries the work that carried out during the
course of this study and it encompasses a brief survey of machine learning and
classification theories, an outline of the HSI instrumentations, data sets that collected in
the study and classification analysis.
It is found that the supervised classifiers such as the Maximum Likelihood (QD) and the
Mahalanobis Distance (FD) classifiers, especially when they are coupled with
techniques like Regularised Discriminant Analysis (RDA) or leave-one-out covariance
estimations (LOOC), have demonstrated excellent performances comparable to that of
the more complicated and computational costly classifiers like the Support Vector
Machine (SVM). This work has also revealed that separability measures such as the
Total Transformed Divergence (TTD) and Total Jeffries-Matusita Distance (TJM) can be
an invaluable method for assessing the goodness of classification in principle. However,
the present methods for the evaluation of the separability measures are insufficient for
achieving this goal and further work in this area is needed. This study has also
confirmed the effectiveness for using RDA and LOOC techniques for a better estimation
of the covariance when the sample size is small, ie when the sample size per class to
band ratio is less than 100.
Through team work this study has contributed partially a number of publications in the
area of hyperspectral imaging and machine visions.
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Almond, Simon John. "Remote sensing within GIS for woodland inventory and monitoring." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386832.
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