Dissertations / Theses: 'GIS method'

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Jani, Janmaizatulriah. "A GIS-based method for groundwater modelling." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574558.

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Groundwater is important and precious freshwater found under the earth's surface. Groundwater is used for human consumption: for drinking, farming and for maintaining surface water system (rivers) especially during low flow periods. For effective groundwater management, quantitative and qualitative status of groundwater is usually assessed using various groundwater models. These models (for example numerical models) are capable of modelling complex and heterogeneous groundwater conditions. However, due to the requirement of extensive and detailed ground water data, these models are not suitable to be applied in all groundwater systems (major and minor aquifers). Therefore, scientific studies in areas of insignificant groundwater resource (minor aquifers) have been underplayed. However, since all groundwater bodies are significantly important, a new groundwater model was developed in this study. GIS functionality was explored and a GIS-based groundwater model was developed using minimal and accessible input data. GIS was used to represent the subsurface geology particularly the aquifer system and to model groundwater flow. The first model, a GIS based geological model was tested by reconstructing the geology map for the Slea catchment, in the United Kingdom and thickness of the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer was predicted. The advantage of this model is its capability in predicting an aquifer's thickness without referring to point data like those obtained from boreholes. Then, the second model that is based on topographical and groundwater resistance analysis was used to model natural ground water discharge. Although there is discrepancy between estimated and measured spring discharge, the model has confirmed the usefulness of using GIS tool in modelling groundwater exploring minimal input data and basic modelling procedures. The developed models were not a replacement for numerical groundwater models. However, they would be useful to screen ground water status especially in areas that lack ground water data.

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Yesilmurat, Serdar. "A Prefetching Method For Interactive Web Gis Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611639/index.pdf.

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A Web GIS system has a major issue of serving the map data to the client applications. Since most of the GIS services provide their geospatial data as basic image formats like PNG and JPEG, constructing those images and transferring them over the internet are costly operations. To enhance this inefficient process, various approaches are offered. Caching the responses of the requests on the client side is the most commonly implemented solution. However, this method is not adequate by itself. Besides caching the responses, predicting the next possible requests of the client and updating the cache with the responses for those requests provide a remarkable performance improvement. This procedure is called &ldquo
prefetching&rdquo
. Via prefetching, caching mechanisms can be used more effectively and efficiently. This study proposes a prefetching algorithm called Retrospective Adaptive Prefetch (RAP). The algorithm is constructed over a heuristic method that takes the former actions of the user into consideration. This method reduces the user-perceived response time and improves users&rsquo
navigation efficiency. The caching mechanism developed takes the memory capacity of the client machine into consideration to adjust the cache capacity by default. Otherwise, cache size can be configured manually. RAP is compared with 4 other methods. According to the experiments, this study shows that RAP provides better performance enhancements than the other compared methods.

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Andersson, Emilia. "GIS as a method for handling environmental data from Antarctica." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32774.

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The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat wants to compile all data from the Swedishenvironmental monitoring programme in Antarctica and present it using a Geographical Information System, GIS, in order to get a better follow-up on performed activities. The assignment of this master’s thesis has been to build a database containing geographic information for the areas around the Swedish research stations Wasa and Svea in Dronning Maud Land. The geodatabase will serve as a platform for future GIS-applications used by theSwedish Polar Research Secretariat.The work is divided into three parts, project planning, project development and an analysis. Apart of the project planning consisted of a survey of the environmental monitoring programmeand the existing data. A number of shortcomings in the existing data were discovered duringthe survey, it was therefore decided to amend the environmental monitoring programme andupdate the data handling methods in order to get better-suited data to use in a GIS.The choice of GIS-software fell on ArcGIS ArcView 9.2 from ESRI and data from theAntarctic Digital Database was used as a basemap. Additional data from the Antarctic DigitalDatabase was used in order to build the database. A file geodatabase structure was chosen which consists of a number of feature datasets containing all the geographical information.An analysis and a discussion about the existing monitoring programme have been performed and proposals on how to improve the monitoring programme have been presented.
www.ima.kth.se

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Lenander, Ann-Sofi. "A GIS-Based Method of Deriving Spatially Distributed Unit Hydrographs." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297671.

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Prior to using hydraulic and spatially distributed modelling softwares, the theory of the unit hydrograph was a commonly used tool for modelling of surface and runoff water. While distributed models often provide detailed results from extensive calculation durations, the unit hydrograph have been questioned for simplifying the physical characteristics of the watershed modelled. Typically, the unit hydrograph theory does not explicitly take the flow paths of the watershed in consideration during calculation. With the rise of geographical information systems, methods of deriving spatially distributed unit hydrographs have been developed. The aim of these have commonly been to find a spatially varied form of hydrological modelling, while still keeping the computation times low. The method is commonly built by calculating the travel time to the watershed outlet along the flow path. In this study, spatially distributed unit hydrographs are derived separately for the watershed’s pervious and impervious surfaces in a Python script using map algebra and the Esri’s Python wrapper module Arcpy. The travel times are generated from a velocity field calculated using Maidment and Olivera’s velocity equation. The velocity equation contains three unknown parameters; one for an average velocity and two calibration parameters. The excess precipitation is calculated of a 100 year return period Chicago Design Storm hyetograph using the SCS-CN method. The direct runoff hydrographs are calculated over three semi-urban watersheds in Smedby in southern Sweden, and the results are compared to MIKE 21 hydrograph data of each corresponding watershed and rain input. The result obtained showed to replicate the hydrograph response quite well, but only if the unknown parameters in the velocity equation were calibrated to match the MIKE 21 data. The unknown parameters of the velocity equations produces uncertainties of using the method without calibration data, which implies that the script is not well adapted to use for modelling predictions. It may be of interest to calculate the travel times of the locations within the watershed using a different formula. The script tool could be tested using different design storms as input, and areas of different characteristics compared to Smedby could be tested.
Innan det blev vanligt att använda hydrauliska och rumsliga modellerings- mjukvaror användes ofta teorin bakom enhetshydrografen för modellering av avrinning. Medan de rumsliga mjukvarorna ofta erbjuder detaljerade resultat till priset av långa beräkningstider, har enhetshydrografen ifrågasatts för att förenkla den fysiska karaktären av avrinningsområdet. Typiskt sett tar inte enhetshydrografen avrinningsområdets flödesvägar direkt i hänseende vid beräkning. Utveckling och ökad tillgänglighet av geografiska informations- system förenklade möjligheterna att utveckla beräkning av enhetshydrografer som tar hänsyn till avrinningsområdets karaktär, typiskt sett genom att beräkna rinntiden från varje läge i avrinningsområdet, längs rinnvägarna och till utloppet. I den här studien beräknas spatiala enhetshydrografer separat för avrinningsområdets hårdgjorda och icke hårdgjorda ytor, genom att utveckla ett Python skript med hjälp av karalgebra och Esri’s wrapper modul ArcPy. Rinntiderna från olika lägen i avrinningsområdet beräknas med Maidments och Oliveras formel för hastighet, vilken innehåller okända parametrar för en uppskattad medelhastighet samt två kalibreringsparametrar. Effektivt regn från ett Chicago Design Storm regn med en återkomsttid på 100 år beräknas med hjälp av SCS-CN metoden. Hydrograferna för direkt avrinning faltas för tre semi-urbana avrinningsområden i Smedby i södra Sverige för att sedan jämföras mot MIKE 21 genererad hydrograf data för respektive motsvarade avrinningsområde. Hydrografdata producerat av MIKE 21 har tagits fram med lika CDS-regn data som input. Resultatet visar att hydrografer snarlika MIKE 21 hydrograferna kan tas fram med Maidments spatialt fördelade enhetshydrograf, om de okända parametrarna i Maidments formel kalibrerades mot MIKE 21 data. Utan kalibreringsdata för att bestämma de okända parametrarna kan resultatet anses vara mycket osäkert, vilket antyder att Python skriptet ej bör användas för använda metoden för att förutspå responser av regnevent. Andra beräkningar än Maidments ekvation kan vara av intresse att implementera. Olika typer av regninput samt spatial data över andra platser än Smedby kan vara av intresse att testa Python skriptet för.

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Pirnia, Seyed Amir. "A Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method Using GIS and Multivariate Statistics - Gotland, Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99343.

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Concentrations of microorganisms and chemical components in groundwater are serious threats for groundwater resources sustainability and contribute to technical and health problems. Recent studies and reports in Gotland revealed huge concerns about water quality in the area. In this master thesis a range of methods such as GIS and statistical analysis including multivariate analysis and non-parametric analysis, have been used in order to identify natural and human factors which affect groundwater contamination. Main focus of the study was on using existing data and available databases in analyses. Consequently, several important factors such as land use, overlaying soil cover, soil thickness, bedrock, elevation, distance to deformation and fracture zones and slope were evaluated considering 8 variables including micro-organisms and chemical components. The results clarified several significant factors which statistically affected the micro-biological and chemical components of groundwater. These relations can be used for development of risk maps which can be used in spatial planning.

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Dickerson, Thomas Ashby. "Development and Evaluation of the Profile Synthesis Method for Approximate Floodplain Redelineation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35847.

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In the United States, the floodplain maps used in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program are created and maintained by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Currently, a nationwide map modernization program is underway to convert the existing paper floodplain maps into a digital format, while continuing to improve the maps and expand the scope of the studies. The flood zones depicted on these maps are developed through engineering studies, using a variety of accepted methods to model and predict flood-prone areas. These methods are classified as detailed, limited detailed, or approximate, corresponding to varying levels of expense and accuracy. Current flood map revision activities across the nation typically consist of developing new hydraulic models, or reusing existing hydraulic model results in conjunction with new, more detailed LiDAR terrain models.

This research develops a profile synthesis method for redelineation of approximate flood boundaries, and evaluates the methodâ s performance and usability. The profile synthesis method is shown to perform reliably on simple floodplain geometry, recreating a water surface profile based only on its floodplain boundaries. When applied to a real-world floodplain studied in a previous flood insurance study, the profile synthesis method is shown to perform adequately, with results comparable to an approximate hydraulic model developed in HEC-RAS. Methods similar to this profile synthesis method for reuse of existing approximate zone boundaries have not been widely documented or evaluated; nevertheless, methods such as this are believed to be common in the revision of approximate zone flood boundaries. As such, this work explores concepts which will be of interest to individuals actively involved in flood map revision and modernization.
Master of Science

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Chen, Mi. "Using an integrated linkage method to predict hydrological responses of a mixed land use watershed." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 378 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-252). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Argany, Meysam. "Development of a GIS-based method for sensor network deployment and coverage optimization." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25829.

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Au cours des dernières années, les réseaux de capteurs ont été de plus en plus utilisés dans différents contextes d’application allant de la surveillance de l’environnement au suivi des objets en mouvement, au développement des villes intelligentes et aux systèmes de transport intelligent, etc. Un réseau de capteurs est généralement constitué de nombreux dispositifs sans fil déployés dans une région d'intérêt. Une question fondamentale dans un réseau de capteurs est l'optimisation de sa couverture spatiale. La complexité de l'environnement de détection avec la présence de divers obstacles empêche la couverture optimale de plusieurs zones. Par conséquent, la position du capteur affecte la façon dont une région est couverte ainsi que le coût de construction du réseau. Pour un déploiement efficace d'un réseau de capteurs, plusieurs algorithmes d'optimisation ont été développés et appliqués au cours des dernières années. La plupart de ces algorithmes reposent souvent sur des modèles de capteurs et de réseaux simplifiés. En outre, ils ne considèrent pas certaines informations spatiales de l'environnement comme les modèles numériques de terrain, les infrastructures construites humaines et la présence de divers obstacles dans le processus d'optimisation. L'objectif global de cette thèse est d'améliorer les processus de déploiement des capteurs en intégrant des informations et des connaissances géospatiales dans les algorithmes d'optimisation. Pour ce faire, trois objectifs spécifiques sont définis. Tout d'abord, un cadre conceptuel est développé pour l'intégration de l'information contextuelle dans les processus de déploiement des réseaux de capteurs. Ensuite, sur la base du cadre proposé, un algorithme d'optimisation sensible au contexte local est développé. L'approche élargie est un algorithme local générique pour le déploiement du capteur qui a la capacité de prendre en considération de l'information spatiale, temporelle et thématique dans différents contextes d'applications. Ensuite, l'analyse de l'évaluation de la précision et de la propagation d'erreurs est effectuée afin de déterminer l'impact de l'exactitude des informations contextuelles sur la méthode d'optimisation du réseau de capteurs proposée. Dans cette thèse, l'information contextuelle a été intégrée aux méthodes d'optimisation locales pour le déploiement de réseaux de capteurs. L'algorithme développé est basé sur le diagramme de Voronoï pour la modélisation et la représentation de la structure géométrique des réseaux de capteurs. Dans l'approche proposée, les capteurs change leur emplacement en fonction des informations contextuelles locales (l'environnement physique, les informations de réseau et les caractéristiques des capteurs) visant à améliorer la couverture du réseau. La méthode proposée est implémentée dans MATLAB et est testée avec plusieurs jeux de données obtenus à partir des bases de données spatiales de la ville de Québec. Les résultats obtenus à partir de différentes études de cas montrent l'efficacité de notre approche.
In recent years, sensor networks have been increasingly used for different applications ranging from environmental monitoring, tracking of moving objects, development of smart cities and smart transportation system, etc. A sensor network usually consists of numerous wireless devices deployed in a region of interest. A fundamental issue in a sensor network is the optimization of its spatial coverage. The complexity of the sensing environment with the presence of diverse obstacles results in several uncovered areas. Consequently, sensor placement affects how well a region is covered by sensors as well as the cost for constructing the network. For efficient deployment of a sensor network, several optimization algorithms are developed and applied in recent years. Most of these algorithms often rely on oversimplified sensor and network models. In addition, they do not consider spatial environmental information such as terrain models, human built infrastructures, and the presence of diverse obstacles in the optimization process. The global objective of this thesis is to improve sensor deployment processes by integrating geospatial information and knowledge in optimization algorithms. To achieve this objective three specific objectives are defined. First, a conceptual framework is developed for the integration of contextual information in sensor network deployment processes. Then, a local context-aware optimization algorithm is developed based on the proposed framework. The extended approach is a generic local algorithm for sensor deployment, which accepts spatial, temporal, and thematic contextual information in different situations. Next, an accuracy assessment and error propagation analysis is conducted to determine the impact of the accuracy of contextual information on the proposed sensor network optimization method. In this thesis, the contextual information has been integrated in to the local optimization methods for sensor network deployment. The extended algorithm is developed based on point Voronoi diagram in order to represent geometrical structure of sensor networks. In the proposed approach sensors change their location based on local contextual information (physical environment, network information and sensor characteristics) aiming to enhance the network coverage. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB and tested with several data sets obtained from Quebec City spatial database. Obtained results from different case studies show the effectiveness of our approach.

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Corner, Robert J. "Knowledge representation in geographic information systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/928.

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In order to satisfy increasing demand for better, smarter, more flexible land resource information an alternative form of representation is proposed. That representation is to be achieved through the coupling of Expert System methods and Geographic Information Systems. Instead of representing resource information using entities such as soil types, defined by rigid boundaries on a map, a more fluid presentation is proposed. Individual resource attributes will be represented by surfaces that describe their probability of occurrence, at a number of levels, across a landscape. Such flexible representations, which are designed to better capture the mental models behind their creation, are capable of being combined and synthesised to answer a wide range of resource queries.An investigation of methods of knowledge representation in a number of fields of research, led to the belief that a Bayesian Network provides a representational calculus that is appropriate to the "fuzzy" and imprecise conceptual models used in resource assessment. The fundamental mathematical principles of such networks have been tailored to provide a representation that is in tune with the intuitive processes of a surveyor's thinking.Software has been written to demonstrate the method and tested on a variety of data sets from Australia and overseas. These tests and demonstrations have used a range of densities of knowledge and range of acuity in evidential data. In general the results accord with the mental models used as drivers. A number of operational facets of the method have been highlighted during these demonstrations and attention has been given to a discussion of them.

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Surmeli, Biricik Gozde. "Relationship Between Settlement Location And Morphological Landform: A Gis Method Applied To Cankiri Province." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1079292/index.pdf.

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This study aims to develop a method to investigate the relationship between settlement locations and the morphological landforms using geographical information systems (GIS). The method is applied to Ç
ankiri province, a mountainous terrain, which is covered in seventy-seven sheets of topographic maps at 1:25.000 scale. Three databases are created and used in this study: 1) Settlement database comprising various topographic and landform attributes of 891 settlements, 2) Morphological landform database composed of 4042 landform polygon elements digitized from 1:25.000 topographic maps, and 3) Topographic database containing the digital elevation model of the area and its derivatives. The first step in the algorithm is to classify the area into four main landform classes, namely, valley, slope, flood and top. Unsuitable landforms are then clipped out based on the thresholds derived from three topographic properties (elevation, slope and aspect). Accordingly, about 2 % of the settlements and 12 % of the area are removed. The relationship is investigated using the percentages of remaining settlements and landform classes. Further analyses such as position of the settlement within the landform polygon and type of the nearest landforms are carried out for final interpretation. Following conclusions are reached on the relationship between settlement location and morphological landforms: - Percentages of settlements for flood, valley, slope and top are 8.37, 27.52, 58.60 and 5.50, respectively. Considering the percentages of the landforms provided in the area, however, valley is the most preferred landform followed by flood type. Slope and top landforms are less preferred. About 86 % of the settlements are concentrated along valley-slope boundary. - Morphological boundaries of flood and top landforms are consistent with the settlement zones. The valley-slope boundary, on the other hand, which is the most populated area, cross-cut the settlements zones.

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Staron, Scott David. "A GIS-based method to target subwatershed areas according to agricutural phosphorus loading potential." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244832873.

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Swart, Conrad Dirk. "Developing a GIS based method for school site identification in the rural Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018939.

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Historically, South Africa has not had equal education in terms of funding, curriculum or physical resources and structures. These issues are still present in contemporary South Africa and none more so than the issues surrounding “mud schools”. Recently the Department of Basic Education (DBE) implemented a plan to eradicate inappropriate school structures using the Accelerated Schools Infrastructure Delivery Initiative program (ASIDI). Questions around effective placement of schools are now being asked. Using interviews and analysis of literature, this research developed criteria needed to determine how rural school sites are selected. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to determine if current sites are in the most appropriate areas. The results of the research included a unique set of Eastern Cape criteria as well as an analysis of the current site selection methods used by the DBE. It also revealed that most of the schools are being constructed in acceptable areas. The main result that emerged from the research was that schools will be placed in areas where they are needed. Developing site selection criteria is still needed as South Africa seeks to reduce the education gap between rich and poor schools.

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Staron, Scott David. "A GIS-based method to target subwatershed areas according to agricultural phosphorus loading potential /." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244832873.

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Bílek, Ondřej. "Geografické informační systémy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220325.

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This diploma thesis focuses on the problematic of geographical information systems, analysis of the commercial as well as freeware software tools for GIS, analysis of vector and raster representation of geographical data and basic methods for data representation in GIS. The another important part of this thesis is the design of web application, that can be used as a tool for visualization of bussiness data from commercial company, in compare with data owned by Czech Statistical Office. This aplication is built on free platform Google Maps API V3.

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Uysal, Furkan. "A Gps/gis Based Line Of Balance Method For Planning And Control Of Construction Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608624/index.pdf.

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In construction industry Gantt charts, network methods and Line of Balance (LOB) methods are generally used for planning and control of projects. Networking techniques such as Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) require technical knowledge and could be difficult to implement without proper scheduling background. Gantt charts and LOB techniques are usually easier to implement, however, similar to network techniques these techniques lack visualization. A graphical based scheduling and progress control method could improve existing techniques with visualization so that schedule information could be understood easily by the project participants. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be helpful for improving the traditional scheduling methods by utilizing spatial information. In this study, a prototype Global Positioning System (GPS) and GIS based LOB method is proposed. To illustrate the benefits, the proposed method will be applied to a pipeline project.

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Tufekci, Nesrin. "Gis Based Geothermal Potential Assessment For Western Anatolia." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607651/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to predict the probable undiscovered geothermal systems through investigation of spatial relation between geothermal occurrences and its surrounding geological phenomenon in Western Anatolia. In this context, four different public data, which are epicenter map, lineament map, Bouger gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly maps, are utilized. In order to extract the necessary information for each map layer the raw public data is converted to a synthetic data which are directly used in the analysis. Synthetic data employed during the investigation process include Gutenberg-Richter b-value map, distance to lineaments map and distance to major grabens present in the area. Thus, these three layers including directly used magnetic anomaly maps are combined by means of Boolean logic model and Weights of Evidence method (WofE), which are multicriteria decision methods, in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. Boolean logic model is based on the simple logic of Boolean operators, while the WofE model depends on the Bayesian probability. Both of the methods use binary maps for their analysis. Thus, the binary map classification is the key point of the analysis. In this study three different binary map classification techniques are applied and thus three output maps were obtained for each of the method. The all resultant maps are evaluated within and among the methods by means of success indices. The findings reveal that the WofE method is better predictor than the Boolean logic model and that the third binarization approach, which is named as optimization procedure in this study, is the best estimator of binary classes due to obtained success indices. Finally, three output maps of each method are combined and the favorable areas in terms of geothermal potential are produced. According to the final maps the potential sites appear to be Aydin, Denizli and Manisa, of which first two have been greatly explored and exploited since today and thus not surprisingly found as potential in the output maps, while Manisa when compared to first two is nearly virgin.

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Yikmaz, Riza Fikret. "Development Of Gis Based Trajectory Statistical Analysis Method To Identify Potential Sources Of Regional Air Pollution." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611969/index.pdf.

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DEVELOPMENT OF GIS BASED TRAJECTORY STATISTICAL ANALYSIS METHOD TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SOURCES OF REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION Yikmaz, Riza Fikret M.Sc., Department of Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gü
rdal Tuncel Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuhal Akyü
rek May 2010, 186 pages Apportionment of source regions affecting a certain receptor in the regional scale is necessary information for air quality management and development of national policy for exchange of air pollutants with other countries. Source region apportionment can be studied either through numerical modeling or by using trajectory statistics that is a hybrid methodology of modeling and measurements. Each of these approaches has their advantages and disadvantages. In this study treatment of back-trajectory segments in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), which is one of the tools used in trajectory statistics will be investigated, to increase the reliability of the apportionment process. In the current method run in GIS, especially two parameters gains importance. One is that the vertical locations of trajectory segments are not taken into account at present. In this study, how the evaluation of the segments in 3-D instead of 2-D could improve the results will be assessed. The other parameter that is rainfall at each segment will be included in the PSCF calculations and its effects on the spatial distribution of PSCF values will be evaluated. A user interface in Geographical Information System (GIS) will be developed for effective use of improved methodology.

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Deuling, Medina J. "Quantification and assessment of caribou habitat fragmentation, an integrated remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ49605.pdf.

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Balram, Shivanand. "Collaborative GIS process modelling using the Delphi method, systems theory and the unified modelling language (UML)." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85881.

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Efforts to resolve environmental planning and decision-making conflicts usually focus on participant involvement, mutual understanding of the problem situation, evaluation criteria identification, data availability, and potential alternative solutions. However, as the alternatives become less distinct and participant values more diverse, intensified negotiations and more data are usually required for meaningful planning and decision-making. Consequently, questions such as "What collaborative spatial decision making design is best for a given context?" "How can the values and needs of stakeholders be integrated into the planning process?" and "How can we learn from decision making experiences and understanding of the past?" are crucial considerations. Answers to these questions can be developed around the analytic and discursive approaches that transform diffused subjective judgments into systematic consensus-oriented resolutions.
This dissertation examines the above issues through the design, implementation, and assessment of the Collaborative Spatial Delphi (CSD) Methodology. The CSD methodology facilitates spatial thinking and discursive strategies to describe the complex social-technical dynamics associated with the knowledge-structuring-consensus nexus of the participation process. The CSD methodology describes this nexus by synthesizing research findings from knowledge management, focus group theory, systems theory, integrated assessment, visualization and exploratory analysis, and transformative learning all represented within a collaborative geographic information system (GIS) framework.
The CSD methodology was implemented in multiple contexts. Its use in two contexts - strategic planning and management of urban green spaces in Montreal (Canada); and priority setting for North American biodiversity conservation - are reported in detail in this dissertation. The summative feedbacks from all the CSD planning workshops help incrementally improve the design of the CSD process. This dissertation also reports on the design and use of questionnaire surveys to incorporate local realities into planning, as well as the development of an evaluation index to assess the face validity and effectiveness of the CSD process from the perspective of workshop participants.
The accumulated evidence from the CSD implementations suggests that many core issues exist across spatial problem solving situations. Thus, the design and specification of a core collaborative process model provides benefits for knowledge exchange. General systems theory was used to classify the core technical components of the collaborative GIS design, and soft systems theory was used to characterize the human activity dynamics. Object oriented principles enabled the generation of a flexible domain model, and the unified modelling language (UML) visually described the collaborative process. The CSD methodology is used as a proof of concept.
This dissertation contributes to knowledge in the general areas of Geography, Geographic information systems and science, and Environmental decision making. The specific contributions are threefold. First, the CSD provides a synthesis of multi-disciplinary theories and a tested tool for environmental problem solving. Second, the CSD facilitates a fusion of local and technical knowledge for more realistic consensus planning outcomes. Third, an empirical-theoretical visual formalism of the CSD allows for process knowledge standardization and sharing across problem solving situations.

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Corner, Robert J. "Knowledge representation in geographic information systems." Curtin University of Technology, School of Spatial Sciences, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11740.

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In order to satisfy increasing demand for better, smarter, more flexible land resource information an alternative form of representation is proposed. That representation is to be achieved through the coupling of Expert System methods and Geographic Information Systems. Instead of representing resource information using entities such as soil types, defined by rigid boundaries on a map, a more fluid presentation is proposed. Individual resource attributes will be represented by surfaces that describe their probability of occurrence, at a number of levels, across a landscape. Such flexible representations, which are designed to better capture the mental models behind their creation, are capable of being combined and synthesised to answer a wide range of resource queries.An investigation of methods of knowledge representation in a number of fields of research, led to the belief that a Bayesian Network provides a representational calculus that is appropriate to the "fuzzy" and imprecise conceptual models used in resource assessment. The fundamental mathematical principles of such networks have been tailored to provide a representation that is in tune with the intuitive processes of a surveyor's thinking.Software has been written to demonstrate the method and tested on a variety of data sets from Australia and overseas. These tests and demonstrations have used a range of densities of knowledge and range of acuity in evidential data. In general the results accord with the mental models used as drivers. A number of operational facets of the method have been highlighted during these demonstrations and attention has been given to a discussion of them.

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Ekberg, Fredrik. "An approach for representing complex 3D objects in GIS applied to 3D properties." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-139.

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The main problem that is addressed in this thesis is how to represent complex three-dimensional objects in GIS in order to render a more realistic representation of the real world. The goal is to present an approach for representing complex 3D objects in GIS. This is achieved by using commercial GIS (ArcGIS), applied to 3D properties. In order to get a clear overview of the state-of-the-art of 3D GIS and the current 3D cadastral situation a literature study was carried out. Based on this overview it can be concluded that 3D GIS still is in its initial phase. Current 3D GIS developments are mainly in the area of visualisation and animation, and almost nothing in the area of spatial analysis and attribute handling. Furthermore, the literature study reveals that no complete solution has been introduced that solves the problems involved in 3D cadastral registration. In several countries (e.g. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Israel, and Australia) 3D properties exists in a juridical framework, but technical issues such as how to represent, store, and visualize 3D properties has not yet been solved. Some countries (Sweden, Norway, and Australia) visualize the footprints of 3D property units in a base map. This approach partly solves some technical issues, but can only represent 3D objects in a 2.5D environment. Therefore, research in how to represent complex objects in GIS as ‘true’ 3D objects is of great need.

This thesis will emphasize MultiPatch as a geographic representation method to represent complex 3D objects in GIS. A case study will demonstrate that complex objects can be visualized and analysed in a commercial GIS, in this case ArcGIS. Most commercial GIS software available on the market applies a 2.5D approach to represent 3D objects. The 2.5D approach has limitations for representing complex objects. There is therefore a need of finding new approaches to represent complex objects within GIS. The result shows that MultiPatch is not an answer to all the problems within 3D GIS but a solution to some of the problems. It still requires a lot of research in the field of 3D GIS, especially in development of spatial analysis capabilities.

Det huvudsakliga problemet i denna uppsats är hur komplexa tre-dimensionella objekt kan representeras i GIS för att återge verkligheten mer realistiskt. Målet är att presentera ett tillvägagångssätt för att representera komplexa 3D-objekt i GIS. Detta har uppnåtts genom att använda ett kommersiellt GIS tillämpat på 3D-fastigheter. En litteraturstudie har genomförts för att erhålla en klar översikt över det senaste inom 3D-GIS och över den aktuella situationen inom 3D-fastigheter. Grundat på översikten kan slutsatsen dras att 3D-GIS bara är i sin begynnelsefas. Den aktuella utvecklingen inom 3D-GIS har huvudsakligen fokuserat på visualisering och animering och nästan ingenting inom rumsliga analysmetoder och hantering av attribut. Litteraturstudien visar också att ingen fullständig lösning för de problem som finns inom 3D-fastighetsregistrering har introducerats. I flera länder, t.ex. Sverige, Danmark, Norge, Nederländerna, Israel och Australien, existerar 3D-fastigheter idag i juridiska termer, men de tekniska problemen som t.ex. hur 3D-fastigheter ska representeras, lagras och visualiseras har inte ännu lösts. Vissa länder (Sverige, Norge och Australien) visualiserar idag en projektion av 3D-fastigheterna på en fastighetskarta. Den här metoden löser endast några av de tekniska problemen och kan endast representera 3D-objekt i en 2,5D-miljö. Därför är forskning inom hur komplexa objekt kan representeras i GIS som s.k. ”sann” 3D av betydelse.

Den här uppsatsen framhäver MultiPatch som en datatyp för att representera komplexa 3D-objekt i GIS. En fallstudie visar att komplexa objekt kan visualiseras och analyseras i ett kommersiellt GIS, i det här fallet ArcGIS. De flesta kommersiella GIS som är tillgängliga på marknaden använder 2,5D-metoden för att representera 3D-objekt. 2,5D-metoden har vissa begränsningar för att representera komplexa objekt och därför finns det ett behov att finna nya tillvägagångssätt för att representera komplexa objekt inom GIS. Resultaten kommer att visa att MultiPatch inte är någon fullständig lösning till alla problem inom 3D-GIS men en lösning på några av problemen. Det krävs fortfarande mycket forskning inom 3D-GIS, särskilt inom utveckling av rumsliga analysmetoder.

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Stratton, Richard D. "A Geographic Information System Assessment Method for Fire Management: Identifying Fire Danger Areas." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7323.

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In partnership with the USDA Forest Service and the Utah Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to create a wildland fire assessment methodology. GIS layers (or themes) include topography, infrastructure, vegetation, climate, "sensitive" natural values, and fire history. Two phases of assessment are presented: a preliminary analysis designed for planning use at the landscape level, and a detailed analysis for site-specific use. Results of the phase 1 assessment are density grids delineating areas of high fire occurrence and suggesting to managers where a phase 2 assessment is needed. By using the environmental, human, and topographic information listed earlier, probability maps of wildland fire occurrence were developed with a GIS and multiple logistic regression. In both cases, high fire danger areas can be overlaid with protection areas (natural or human-made value areas) to identify critical fire danger areas. Because GIS is commonly used in land management, it facilitates the sharing and updating of geographic information between resource professionals of different agencies and organizations. Local officials will be able to use GIS spatial and tabular data for planning, zoning, and fire ordinance development. Land management specialists can locate, prioritize, and target high and critical fire danger areas for presuppression mitigation efforts such as prescribed fires, defensible-space projects, and fire-break construction (e.g., greenbelts, parkways). Furthermore, GIS assessment layers can be manipulated and exported to create the required raster GIS data themes for FARSITE (a fire growth simulator). Fire managers will be able to spatially predict fire spread, intensity, and behavior under complex topographic and climatic conditions. This method, combined with the expertise of fire specialists, offers an improved and cost-effective assessment technique for wildland fire management.

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DI, ZHAO. "Using GIS-based Multi-criteria Analysis for Optimal Site Selection fora Sewage Treatment Plant." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19020.

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Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and remote sensing (RS) technologies have developed rapidly in recent years, and they have been widely used indaily life of ordinary people. The combination of these two remarkable technologies isuseful for location decision making and has been applied in different kinds of study cases.Guangyuan is one of the fastest developing cities in the southwest of China. Especiallyafter the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the development in economic and urbanreconstruction increased rapidly. Many infrastructure constructions and the reformprojects are in progress. At the same time, China's urban sewage treatment facilities areseriously inadequate. Only a small percentage of sewage has been treated by sewagetreatment plants in China. So the purpose of this study is to select an optimal site for asewage treatment plant in Guangyuan in a scientific way.In this particular study, based on GIS software and GIS-based multi-criteria analysis(MCA), a decision making model has been built for optimal site selection for a sewagetreatment plant. Two types of data were used in this study. Digital elevation model andsatellite image, several factor maps and constraint maps were created for the final analysis.The analytic hierarchy process was used to apply the weights for each factor along withformula method, in order to get the best result and find the optimal site. Finally, a MCAmodel has been made to be an example for future similar studies.In the end, an optimal site has been selected. Although aims are achieved in this study,there are still some limitations in different perspectives of the study. In the future, moreprecise data can be used in MCA studies, data limitations could be reduced with thedevelopment of RS techniques. In the future, more similar studies will be finished, whichmeans more scientific papers can provide reliable references of determining the criteriaand weights.

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Kanani, Saleh. "A method to evaluate database management systems for Big Data : focus on spatial data." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74172.

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Big data of type spatial is growing exponentially with the highest rate due to extensive growth in usage of sensors, IoT and mobile devices’ spatial data generation, therefore maintaining, processing and using such data efficiently, effectively with high performance has become one of the top priorities for Database management system providers, hence spatial database features and datatypes have become serious criteria in evaluating database management systems that are supposed to work as the back-end for spatial applications and services. With exponential growth of data and introducing of new types of data, “Big Data” has become strongly focused area that has gained the attention of different sectors e.g. academia, industries and governments to other organizations and studies. The rising trend in high resolution and large-scale geographical information systems have resulted in more companies providing location-based applications and services, therefore finding a proper database management system solution that can support spatial big data features, with multi-model big data support that is reliable and affordable has become a business need for many companies. Concerning the fact that choosing proper solution for any software project can be crucial due to the total cost and desired functionalities that any product could possibly bring into the solution. Migration is also a very complicated and costly procedure that many companies should avoid, which justifies the criticality of choosing the right solution based on the specific needs of any organization. Companies providing spatial applications and services are growing with the common concern of providing successful solutions and robust services. One of the most significant elements that ensures services’ and hence the providers’ reputation and positive depiction is services’ high availability. The possible future work for the thesis could be to develop the framework into a decision support solution for IT businesses with emphasize on spatial features. Another possibility for the future works would be to evaluate the framework by testing the evaluation framework on many other different DBMSs.

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Erdogan, Emre. "Effect Of Bright Sunshine Duration On The Selection Of Settlement Location: A Gis Method Applied To Cankiri Province." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605487/index.pdf.

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This study derives a method that seeks a possible relationship between settlement site locations and sunrise-sunset times of those locations using Geographical Information Systems. The method is applied to Ç
ankiri province, which is located at northeast of Ankara and covers approximately an area of 8380 km2. Three main data sets of the study area are used in this thesis: 1) Settlement data containing the coordinates, IDs and names of the 891 settlement points, 2) Topographic data containing the coordinates and digital elevation values of all raster pixels 3) Bright sunshine duration data (BSD) composed of the difference between sunset and sunrise times for all raster pixels. In the first step of this study, sunrise and sunset times of the study area are calculated with an algorithm that uses Digital Elevation Model. This algorithm is developed specifically for computing those times over a topographic surface which may delay the sunrise time or bring forward the sunset time, thus reducing the BSD. In the second step, unsuitable landforms for settlement are clipped out from the study area based on the thresholds derived from elevation, slope and aspect parameters. Then, BSD histograms and statistics of the settlements and study area are compared for each of the 12 months and for the average of 12 months. Finally, neighborhood analysis on settlements is carried out by comparing the BSD values of each settlement with the BSD characteristics of circular buffer surrounding the settlement. The main conclusion derived from above mentioned analysis is that the BSD does not directly affect the selection of the settlement sites.

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Skeppström, Kirlna. "Radon in Groundwater- Influencing Factors and Prediction Methodology for a Swedish Environment." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-491.

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This thesis presents a method for predicting radon (222Rn) levels in groundwater on a general scale, within an area of approximately 185 x 145 km2. The method applies to Swedish conditions, where 222Rn is the main contributor to natural radioactivity. Prediction of radon potential in groundwater is complex because there are many different factors affecting radon content, including geochemical and flow processes. The proposed method is based on univariate and multivariate statistical analyses and investigated the influence of different factors such as bedrock, soils, uranium distribution, altitude, distance to fractures and land use. A statistical variable based method (the RV method) was used to estimate risk values related to different radon concentrations. The method was calibrated and tested on more than 4400 drilled wells in Stockholm County. The weighted index (risk value) estimated by the RV method provided a fair prediction of radon potential in groundwater on a general scale. The RV method was successful in estimating the median radon concentration within 12 subregions (at a local scale, each of area 25 x 25 km2), based on weighted index values obtained from half of all wells tested. A high correlation between risk values and median radon concentrations was demonstrated. The factors bedrock, altitude, distance to fracture zone and distribution of uranium in bedrock were found to be significant in the prediction approach on a general scale. Visual data mining, which comprised analysis of 3D images, was a useful tool for data exploration but could not be used as an independent method for drawing conclusions regarding radon in groundwater. Results of a field study based on 38 drilled wells on the island of Ljusterö in the Stockholm archipelago showed that 222Rn concentrations in groundwater were weakly correlated to the parent elements (226Ra and 238U) in solution.

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Dahlgren, Susanna. "Design and Evaluation of a Visualization Method in a GIS for Complex Electronic Warfare Assessment with Regards to Usability." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157965.

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This study presents a way to design a visualization method in a geographic information system for complex electronic warfare assessment. Enhanced usability was in focus and the work covers important factors and challenges when evaluating usability during the development process in a complex domain. Electronic warfare is an important part of each country’s defence. Assessing Electronic Warfare capabilities in real war zones is normally impossible, making simulations and visualizations important parts of the process. The field of visualization covers visual techniques for presenting large data sets in ways that provide insight to the user. In a visualization, an enhanced usability is achieved with a user-centered interface. Developing a visualization towards usability has its challenges, to develop it in a complex domain with few domain experts as users is even more challenging. The study used an iterative method with three iterations of implementation and evaluation, applying an approach adapted for experts working in a complex domain. When designing a visualization for a complex domain, the most important factors during the design process are to understand how the users work in the system and to make the visualization simple and over-intuitive. The last user testing indicated that the users were able to draw conclusions about high-level conceptual goals based on the visual representation as well as to use the GUI to interact with the system. The result of this study is a visualization method for radar propagation with local refractive index, together with a process that can be used to design and evaluate a visualization method towards usability in a complex domain.

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Mekonnen, Addisu Dereje. "Wind Farm Site Suitability Analysis in Lake Erie Using Web-Based Participatory GIS (PGIS)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1392975809.

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Thomelius, Samuel. "Kommunikationens landskap : En studie av kommunikation i två gotländska socknar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324729.

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In this paper, two parishes on Gotland have been the focus for intense study regarding the organisation and formation of local communications networks. The parishes of Buttle and Fröjel have been studied to see if it is possible to say anything about local communication during the 6th century, a task that earlier research has shown to be difficult. The parishes represent two different types of landscapes, one costal and one inland. The paper has also asked questions about how the development and quality of the roads and communications networks have changed over time. It also discuss how the topographical- and cultural landscape has influenced the organisation of the communications network. The following questions are asked in this paper; 1. How was local communication (communications between the farmstead, its economic resources and its connections to the larger communications network) in the parishes organised? 2. What can be said about the communications networks development and quality through time? 3. How was the topographical- and cultural landscape organisation connected to the communications network? The main methodology used in the paper is the retrogressive methodology used to recreate a possible 6th century communications network. This methodology utilises and studies the relationship between the earliest known communications network, registered in the 18th century maps, together with Iron Age sites registered, in the FMIS database, as well as topographical and geological maps to recreate a possible 6th century communications network. The analysis shows that it is hard to grasp the local communications during the 6th century. The local communications only emerge when the local roads merge with the regional ones. In many cases, the local roads were probably not much more than paths in the edges of the fields or only identified by the use of known landmarks. The investigation also shows that the regional (and local) roads were situated closer to the 6th century settlements than previously thought. It is also shown that the development of the road network has steadily lead to a more refined and rationalised network. The largest changes can be related to the 19th century laga skifte and to the later introduction of motor vehicles. Before the 19th century the situation is quite stable, only some minor changes during the 18th century can be seen until you reach the beginning of the middle ages. The major changes probably relate to changes in the landscape organisation in relation to the introduction of Christianity. However, it might also relate to the expansion of cultivated land and the resulting changes of settlement patterns. The investigation also shows that the topographical landscape on Gotland provides little hindrance for the organisation of the landscape. Instead, it feels very much like an artificial landscape where borders and organisation are created by humans, rather than by natural landscape formations. The borders in this case are created by the use of graves and their location in the landscape.

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Erener, Arzu. "An Approach For Landslide Risk Assesment By Using Geographic Information Systems (gis) And Remote Sensing (rs)." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611314/index.pdf.

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This study aims to develop a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Based systematic quantitative landslide risk assessment methodology for regional and local scales. Each component of risk, i.e., hazard assessment, vulnerability, and consequence analysis, is quantitatively assessed for both scales. The developed landslide risk assessment methodology is tested at Kumluca watershed, which covers an area of 330 km2, in Bartin province of the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. GIS and RS techniques are used to create landslide factor maps, to obtain susceptibility maps, hazard maps, elements at risk and risk maps, and additionally to compare the obtained maps. In this study, the effect of mapping unit and mapping method upon susceptibility mapping method, and as a result the effect upon risk map, is evaluated. Susceptibility maps are obtained by using two different mapping units, namely slope unit-based and grid-based mapping units. When analyzing the effect of susceptibility mapping method, this study attempts to extend Logistic Regression (LR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) by implementing Geographically-Weighted Logistic Regression (GWR) and spatial regression (SR) techniques for landslide susceptibility assessment. In addition to spatial probability of occurrence of damaging events, landslide hazard calculation requires the determination of the temporal probability. Precipitation triggers the majority of landslides in the study region. The critical rainfall thresholds were estimated by using daily and antecedent rainfalls and landslide occurrence dates based on three different approaches: Time Series, Gumble Distribution and Intensity Duration Curves. Different procedures are adopted to obtain the element at risk values and vulnerability values for local and regional scale analyses. For regional scale analysis, the elements at risk were obtained from existing digital cadastral databases and vulnerabilities are obtained by adopting some generalization approaches. On the other hand, on local scale the elements at risk are obtained by high resolution remote sensing images by the developed algorithms in an automatic way. It is found that risk maps are more similar for slope unit-based mapping unit than grid&ndash
based mapping unit.

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Mou, Lei. "Toward a customized privacy preservation method in mobile tourism applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM063.

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Le développement rapide des TIC (Information and Communication Technology) a un impact énorme à toutes les industries. Internet Mobile, Web 2.0, la technologie de positionnement sont déployées dans le monde largement, qui a initialisé la demande intérieure des nouvelles technologies dans le domaine du tourisme. En profitant de la commodité apportée par les nouvelles technologies, de plus en plus d'utilisateurs de commencer à se concentrer sur les questions de confidentialité.Comme on le sait, il y a une contradiction entre la qualité des services et la vie privée recommandés basés sur la localisation. profil de l'utilisateur détaillé et informations de localisation précises sont nécessaires pour fournir un service basé sur la localisation avec une grande efficacité et de qualité, tandis que la préservation de la vie privée exige cacher le profil et l'emplacement de l'utilisateur. De nombreuses recherches récentes vise à trouver un équilibre entre eux, pour obtenir la meilleure qualité de la LBS dans le contexte du contenu du profil de l'utilisateur et les informations de localisation moins exposée.Dans cette thèse, l'auteur a porté principalement sur la vie privée de profil de l'utilisateur mobile, qui couvre à la fois les caractéristiques personnelles et les informations de localisation.1, sur mesure modèle de confidentialité des utilisateurs considérant à la fois les qualités personnelles et la localisation spatiale et temporelle est définie pour l'utilisateur mobile.Dans cette recherche, nous avons proposé le modèle de confidentialité personnalisé pour chaque utilisateur de définir, son / sa propre signification de la vie privée. Avec ce modèle, à des fins de Voyage différents, ou même pour le temps et un autre emplacement, ils peuvent avoir des définitions différentes pour leur vie privée.2, Minimiser les données à stocker sur le serveur.Les profils sont stockés de deux façons différentes, le profil complet est stocké sur le côté client, et seules les valeurs des attributs qui sont en mesure pour les utilisateurs de partager sont stockés sur le côté serveur, ainsi minimisé les données à stocker sur le serveur.3, les niveaux personnalisés de granularité de la divulgation de l'emplacement et l'heure sont réglables pour les utilisateurs.Pour changer fréquemment des attributs tels que l'emplacement et l'heure, l'utilisateur peut les divulguer avec une granularité appropriée, afin d'obtenir le service attendu par les fournisseurs de services.Mots-clés: vie privée, l'emplacement, le profil de l'utilisateur, mobile, tourisme
The rapid development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) brought huge impact to all industries. Mobile internet, Web 2.0, positioning technology are deployed world-widely, that initialized inner request of new technologies in the field of tourism as well. By enjoying the convenience brought by new technologies, more and more users starting to focus on privacy issues.As known, there is a contradiction between the quality of recommended location-based services and privacy. Detailed user profile and precise location information are needed for providing location-based service with high efficiency and quality, while privacy preservation requires hiding user's profile and location. Many recent researches aims to seek a balance between them, to obtain the best quality of the LBS in the context of the least exposed user profile content and location information.In this thesis, the author focused mainly on the privacy of mobile user profile, which covers both personal characteristics and location information.1, Customized user privacy model considering both personal attributes and spatial and temporal location is defined for mobile user.In this research, we proposed customized privacy model for every user to define, his/her own meaning of privacy. With this model, for different travel purpose, or even for different time and location, they can have different definitions for their privacy.2, Minimized the data to be stored on server.Profiles are stored in two different ways, complete profile is stored on the client side, and only the values of the attributes that are able for the users to share are stored on the server side, thus minimized the data to be stored on server.3, Customized levels of granularity of disclosure of location and time are adjustable for users.For frequently changing attributes such as location and time, user can disclose them with suitable granularity, in order to obtain expected service from the service providers.Keywords: privacy, location, user profile, mobile, tourism

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Eddy, Brian G. "A GIS-based fuzzy logic method for mineral potential mapping: An experiment with a geological map of the Parry Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9837.

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The application of fuzzy logic in a GIS framework is a valuable method to assist in mineral resource assessments (MRA) in areas where data are sparse. This study uses a digital geological map, backed by a digital geological data model, derived from published legends and reports. Together they function as a 'spatial-attribute relational data model' that provides evidence, in the form of derivative maps, to support mineral potential according to deposit model criteria. A knowledge-base is created with fuzzy membership functions linked to the classes of each derivative map that indicate favourability between geological features present in the database with those required by model criteria. A fuzzy-logic-based 'inference net', as implemented in the GIS modelling language, is used to combine spatial evidence to determine mineral resource potential for three mineral deposit sub-types: (1) MVT Pb-Zn, (2) Sedimentary Cu and (3) Sediment-Hosted Sulphides. This method is shown to be valuable for providing an 'audit trial' for the complex decision-making process associated with resource assessment; it provides a means for experimenting and testing various hypotheses and viewpoints associated with mineral deposit models, and mimics some aspect of how geologists determine mineral potential for a region using information provided in geological maps and mineral deposit model literature.

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Håkansson, Olof. "Stratified Polynesia : A GIS-based study of prehistoric settlements in Samoa and Rapa Nui." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331545.

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The overall objective of this study is, to understand how the prehistoric individual experienced her “being in the world”. This is done by examining the spatial relationships of prehistoric remains in order to understand hierarchies. The foundation of the thesis is constructed by using data from the prehistoric settlement of Letolo in Samoa (Independent State of Samoa) in West-Polynesia and Hanga Ho´onu on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in East-Polynesia. These data are stored and analysed in a Geographical Information System (GIS). In the Samoan case the intention is to make previously unpublished surveys available. An aim is to develop a method to interpret social information from the spatial relations of built structures. It is questioned if it is possible to interpret the degree of hierarchy in a prehistoric society only from the spatial relations of features. It is concluded that such an inquiry needs to be paired with preunderstanding and analogies, such as ethnohistorical data, since it otherwise is problematic to ascribe meaning to different built structures. The thesis uses ethnohistory for preunderstanding and analogy. The thesis further examines the worldviews and structures that are shown in the repeated practice of groups in the two settlements.
Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie är att komma närmare den förhistoriska människans upplevelse av varat, att komma närmare hennes upplevelse av att finnas till i världen. Detta görs genom att undersöka fornlämningars spatiala relationer för att förstå hierarkier. I uppsatsen redovisas två databaser och Geografiska Informationssystem som har konstruerats utifrån fornlämningsdata från förhistoriska bosättningar på Samoa i västpolynesien och Rapa Nui i östpolynesien. På Samoa är det Letolodalen på ön Savai´i som undersöks, och på Rapa Nui är det Hanga Ho´onu vid La Pérouse-bukten som undersöks. Uppsatsen ämnar tillgängliggöra opublicerade inventeringar av Letolo på Samoa. En intention är att utarbeta specifika kriterier för att utläsa social information från den spatiala utbredningen av fornlämningar. Arbetet ifrågasätter om det är möjligt att läsa ut graden av hierarki i ett förhistoriskt samhälle utifrån de spatiala relationerna mellan fornlämningar. Svaret är att det går om analogier och förförståelse används då det annars är problematiskt att tillskriva mening till fornlämningar. Eftersom Polynesien är väl dokumenterat utifrån ett etnohistoriskt perspektiv används analogier och förförståelse från dessa berättelser. I uppsatsen undersöks vidare mentala världar och strukturer som visar sig i gruppers upprepade praktiker i de två bosättningarna.

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Wickert, Claudia. "Breeding white storks in former East Prussia : comparing predicted relative occurrences across scales and time using a stochastic gradient boosting method (TreeNet), GIS and public data." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1353/.

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In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene GIS-basierte Habitatmodelle für den Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) im Gebiet der ehemaligen deutschen Provinz Ostpreußen (ca. Gebiet der russischen Exklave Kaliningrad und der polnischen Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren) erstellt. Zur Charakterisierung der Beziehung zwischen dem Weißstorch und der Beschaffenheit seiner Umwelt wurden verschiedene historische Datensätze über den Bestand des Weißstorches in den 1930er Jahren sowie ausgewählte Variablen zur Habitat-Beschreibung genutzt. Die Aufbereitung und Modellierung der verwendeten Datensätze erfolgte mit Hilfe eines geographischen Informationssystems (ArcGIS) und einer statistisch-mathematischen Methode aus den Bereichen „Machine Learning“ und „Data-Mining“ (TreeNet, Salford Systems Ltd.). Unter Verwendung der historischen Habitat-Parameter sowie der Daten zum Vorkommen des Weißstorches wurden quantitative Modelle auf zwei Maßstabs-Ebenen erstellt: (i) auf Punktskala unter Verwendung eines Rasters mit einer Zellgröße von 1 km und (ii) auf Verwaltungs-Kreisebene basierend auf der Gliederung der Provinz Ostpreußen in ihre Landkreise. Die Auswertung der erstellten Modelle zeigt, dass das Vorkommen von Storchennestern im ehemaligen Ostpreußen, unter Berücksichtigung der hier verwendeten Variablen, maßgeblich durch die Variablen ‚forest’, ‚settlement area’, ‚pasture land’ und ‚coastline’ bestimmt wird. Folglich lässt sich davon ausgehen, dass eine gute Nahrungsverfügbarkeit, wie der Weißstorch sie auf Wiesen und Weiden findet, sowie die Nähe zu menschlichen Siedlungen ausschlaggebend für die Nistplatzwahl des Weißstorches in Ostpreußen sind. Geschlossene Waldgebiete zeigen sich in den Modellen als Standorte für Horste des Weißstorches ungeeignet. Der starke Einfluss der Variable ‚coastline’ lässt sich höchstwahrscheinlich durch die starke naturräumliche Gliederung Ostpreußens parallel zur Küstenlinie erklären. In einem zweiten Schritt konnte unter Verwendung der in dieser Arbeit erstellten Modelle auf beiden Skalen Vorhersagen für den Zeitraum 1981-1993 getroffen werden. Dabei wurde auf dem Punktmaßstab eine Abnahme an potentiellem Bruthabitat vorhergesagt. Im Gegensatz dazu steigt die vorhergesagte Weißstorchdichte unter Verwendung des Modells auf Verwaltungs-Kreisebene. Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Vorhersagen beruht vermutlich auf der Verwendung unterschiedlicher Skalen und von zum Teil voneinander verschiedenen erklärenden Variablen. Weiterführende Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um diesen Sachverhalt zu klären. Des Weiteren konnten die Modellvorhersagen für den Zeitraum 1981-1993 mit den vorliegenden Bestandserfassungen aus dieser Zeit deskriptiv verglichen werden. Es zeigt sich hierbei, dass die hier vorhergesagten Bestandszahlen höher sind als die in den Zählungen ermittelten. Die hier erstellten Modelle beschreiben somit vielmehr die Kapazität des Habitats. Andere Faktoren, die die Größe der Weißstorch-Population bestimmen, wie z.B. Bruterfolg oder Mortalität sollten in zukünftige Untersuchungen mit einbezogen werden. Es wurde ein möglicher Ansatz aufgezeigt, wie man mit den hier vorgestellten Methoden und unter Verwendung historischer Daten wertvolle Habitatmodelle erstellen sowie die Auswirkung von Landnutzungsänderungen auf den Weißstorch beurteilen kann. Die hier erstellten Modelle sind als erste Grundlage zu sehen und lassen sich mit Hilfe weitere Daten hinsichtlich Habitatstruktur und mit exakteren räumlich expliziten Angaben zu Neststandorten des Weißstorches weiter verfeinern. In einem weiteren Schritt sollte außerdem ein Habitatmodell für die heutige Zeit erstellt werden. Dadurch wäre ein besserer Vergleich möglich hinsichtlich erdenklicher Auswirkungen von Änderungen der Landnutzung und relevanten Umweltbedingungen auf den Weißstorch im Gebiet des ehemaligen Ostpreußens sowie in seinem gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet.
Different habitat models were created for the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in the region of the former German province of East Prussia (equals app. the current Russian oblast Kaliningrad and the Polish voivodship Warmia-Masuria). Different historical data sets describing the occurrence of the White Stork in the 1930s, as well as selected variables for the description of landscape and habitat, were employed. The processing and modeling of the applied data sets was done with a geographical information system (ArcGIS) and a statistical modeling approach that comes from the disciplines of machine-learning and data mining (TreeNet by Salford Systems Ltd.). Applying historical habitat descriptors, as well as data on the occurrence of the White Stork, models on two different scales were created: (i) a point scale model applying a raster with a cell size of 1 km2 and (ii) an administrative district scale model based on the organization of the former province of East Prussia. The evaluation of the created models show that the occurrence of White Stork nesting grounds in the former East Prussia for most parts is defined by the variables ‘forest’, ‘settlement area’, ‘pasture land’ and ‘proximity to coastline’. From this set of variables it can be assumed that a good food supply and nesting opportunities are provided to the White Stork in pasture and meadows as well as in the proximity to human settlements. These could be seen as crucial factors for the choice of nesting White Stork in East Prussia. Dense forest areas appear to be unsuited as nesting grounds of White Storks. The high influence of the variable ‘coastline’ is most likely explained by the specific landscape composition of East Prussia parallel to the coastline and is to be seen as a proximal factor for explaining the distribution of breeding White Storks. In a second step, predictions for the period of 1981 to 1993 could be made applying both scales of the models created in this study. In doing so, a decline of potential nesting habitat was predicted on the point scale. In contrast, the predicted White Stork occurrence increases when applying the model of the administrative district scale. The difference between both predictions is to be seen in the application of different scales (density versus suitability as breeding ground) and partly dissimilar explanatory variables. More studies are needed to investigate this phenomenon. The model predictions for the period 1981 to 1993 could be compared to the available inventories of that period. It shows that the figures predicted here were higher than the figures established by the census. This means that the models created here show rather a capacity of the habitat (potential niche). Other factors affecting the population size e.g. breeding success or mortality have to be investigated further. A feasible approach on how to generate possible habitat models was shown employing the methods presented here and applying historical data as well as assessing the effects of changes in land use on the White Stork. The models present the first of their kind, and could be improved by means of further data regarding the structure of the habitat and more exact spatially explicit information on the location of the nesting sites of the White Stork. In a further step, a habitat model of the present times should be created. This would allow for a more precise comparison regarding the findings from the changes of land use and relevant conditions of the environment on the White Stork in the region of former East Prussia, e.g. in the light of coming landscape changes brought by the European Union (EU).

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Napoleone, Sara. "Stima con modelli idrologici del rischio idraulico del Rio Torriane." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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The flooding of a watercourse is one of the major environmental risks linked to human activities, with consequences on the safety of the population and economic losses due to the interruption of services. It is therefore necessary to define intervention strategies for the hydraulic protection of areas potentially subject to flooding. There is a clear need for increasingly detailed analyses of these phenomena, to foresee and define the most exposed areas and design defense works, by evaluating case by case the best solution between structural and non-structural interventions. This study, carried out in collaboration with the Consorzio delle Bonifica Renana, aims to analyze the hydraulic functioning of the Torriane River, a hilly watercourse that is a left tributary of the Savena torrent in the municipality of Bologna. The hydrographic left of the Torriane River is partly occupied by a public road system subject to periodic overflows during the most intense rainfall events. Using the rational method, the flood flows are defined, relative to return period, of 2, 30 and 200 years. Flood flows are evaluated basing on the local rainfall regime and the characteristics of the basin. The calculation protocol related to the study of the rainfall regime is established by the competent basin authority, which publishes the regionalization models of rainfall and flow rates relative to the various regional basins. The geometric features of the Torriane basin and its sub-basins were defined through a detailed analysis. Once the flood flows were defined, the estimation of the extent of the floodable areas was carried out using the Hec-Ras software. In order to design the hydraulic works of the basin, aimed at preventing new floods, preliminary survey and in situ investigation activities have been developed. The reshaping of the riverbed and the creation of a retaining wall to support the road system are proposed solutions to reduce the risk of flooding in critical sections.

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Koehl, Daniel Grant. "Investigating an Apparent Structural High in Seismic Data in North Terre Haute, Indiana, Through First-Arrival Traveltime Tomography and Gravity Analysis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1559120344838085.

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Steer, Lorn Adam. "Site selection for the Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems in the Western Cape : a GIS application." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1653.

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Desai, Khyati Sanket. "Influence of the Choice of Disease Mapping Method on Population Characteristics in Areas of High Disease Burdens." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822816/.

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Disease maps are powerful tools for depicting spatial variations in disease risk and its underlying drivers. However, producing effective disease maps requires careful consideration of the statistical and spatial properties of the disease data. In fact, the choice of mapping method influences the resulting spatial pattern of the disease, as well as the understanding of its underlying population characteristics. New developments in mapping methods and software in addition to continuing improvements in data quality and quantity are requiring map-makers to make a multitude of decisions before a map of disease burdens can be created. The impact of such decisions on a map, including the choice of appropriate mapping method, not been addressed adequately in the literature. This research demonstrates how choice of mapping method and associated parameters influence the spatial pattern of disease. We use four different disease-mapping methods – unsmoothed choropleth maps, smoothed choropleth maps produced using the headbanging method, smoothed kernel density maps, and smoothed choropleth maps produced using spatial empirical Bayes methods and 5-years of zip code level HIV incidence (2007- 2011) data from Dallas and Tarrant Counties, Texas. For each map, the leading population characteristics and their relative importance with regards to HIV incidence is identified using a regression analysis of a CDC recommended list of socioeconomic determinants of HIV. Our results show that the choice of mapping method leads to different conclusions regarding the associations between HIV disease burden and the underlying demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Thus, the choice of mapping method influences the patterns of disease we see or fail to see. Accurate depiction of areas of high disease burden is important for developing and targeting appropriate public health interventions.

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Ayuk, James Ayuk. "Modelling of nonpoint source pollution in the Kuils River Catchment, Western Cape - South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3131.

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Zhou, Yan [Verfasser], Rudolf [Gutachter] Liedl, Olaf [Gutachter] Kolditz, and Holger [Gutachter] Weiß. "Development of a GIS and model-based method for optimizing the selection of locations for drinking water extraction by means of riverbank filtration / Yan Zhou ; Gutachter: Rudolf Liedl, Olaf Kolditz, Holger Weiß." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227833202/34.

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Baužaitė, Dalia. "Programinės įrangos ir informacinių sistemų priežiūra didelėje organizacijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_144736-36406.

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Programinės įrangos (PĮ) ir Informacinių sistemų (IS) priežiūros etapas yra paskutinioji sistemos gyvavimo ciklo dalis. Priežiūros sąvoka apima visas veiklas, vykdomas po produkto įdiegimo organizacijoje, o tai sudaro apie 70 % programų gyvavimo ciklo išlaidų. Nuolat kintanti aplinka įtakoja ir sistemos kaitą. Todėl būtina nuolatinė PĮ ir IS priežiūra. Kuriami įvairūs PĮ ir IS priežiūros metodai ir technikos, kurie yra plačiai analizuojami užsienio mokslinėje literatūroje ir taikomi praktiškai. Tačiau Lietuvoje dar tik pradėjo vystytis priežiūros teikimo paslaugos ir keistis požiūris į šį procesą. Nors užsienio mokslinėje literatūroje atkreipiamas dėmesys ir į Geografinių informacinių sistemų (GIS) priežiūros procesus, tačiau tai vis dar mažai išanalizuota sritis. Todėl, šiame darbe pasirinkta kryptinė tyrimo šaka GIS priežiūra ir duomenų valdymas. Darbo tikslas išanalizuoti visus siūlomus priežiūros proceso metodus ir technikas, skirtumus ir panašumus. Siekiama nustatyti, ar teoriniai metodai plačiai taikomi praktikoje. Empiriniam tyrimui atlikti naudotas anketinės apklausos metodas. Siekiama nustatyti vartotojų požiūrį į PĮ ir IS priežiūros kokybę. Apklausos rezultatai išsamiai analizuojami, pateikiamos išvados bei pasiūlymai tolimesnės PĮ ir IS priežiūros strategijai.
Software and information system (IS) maintenance is a rest phase of system life cycle. Maintenance involves about 70 % of all life cycle resources. Software and IS are changing with business environment together. Therefore, there are a lot of methods and techniques for maintenance process analyzing in research theory and applying in practice. However, those practices are starting in Lithuania software maintenance and attending only few groups of IT specialist There are many GIS maintenance researches in publications, but also it is wide range of aspect not including in theory. Therefore, many GIS maintenance processes are analyzing in this paper. The goal of this paper is to analyze all known software maintenance methods and techniques and to define are their used in practice. Research object of this paper is municipality of Klaipeda. This is an organization, with uses usual software and specialized GIS. There were used inquiry questionnaires in this goal research. Finally, by given implications there were proposed software and IS maintenance strategy in municipality of Klaipeda. Like an instance of this strategy, there were given an project of reengineered GIS subsystem.

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Lindsey, Daniel Clayton. "A Geospatial Analysis of the Northeastern Plains Village Complex: An Exploration of a GIS-Based Multidisciplinary Method for the Incorporation of Western and Traditional Ecological Knowledge into the Discovery of Diagnostic Prehistoric Settlement Patterns." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31623.

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This thesis research analyzes how Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) can be used to understand extant Northeastern Plains Village (NEPV) settlement strategies in aggregate for the purposes of subjoining a subsequent verification metric to the current archaeological classification system used to describe NEPV associated sites. To accomplish this task, I extracted Traditional Ecological Knowledge from ethnographic sources for comparison to geospatial, geostatistical, and statistical analyses. My results show that the hierarchical clustering exhibited among NEPV sites is congruent with first person narratives of habitation and resource collection activities occurring in the pre-Reservation period (before AD 1880) within the research area. This study emphasizes the importance of the incorporation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge into material typological classification schemes for archaeological sites which are convoluted by a high rates of cultural transmission.

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Almudaris, Sami M. "Measuring Accessibility to Primary Care Physicians in the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1125.

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The growing concern for the shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs) prompted a government legislation to designate areas where shortage in the delivery of primary care services occurs. The implemented systems (e.g., HPSA, MUA, and MUP) analyze utilization of health services within confined administrative units and fail to account for spatial interactions that occur across administrative borders. This research examines the spatial accessibility to PCPs and the underlying demographic and socioeconomic settings. With the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as a study area, this study utilized data from the U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, as well as the known locations of (PCPs) collected in 2010. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provided the tools by which the processing and analysis of the data was carried out. Specifically, network analysis was applied to estimate travel time and service area coverage. A Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method was implemented to measure spatial accessibility to PCPs. This method was applied to measure accessibility at the level (census block) that most accurately represents the spatial population of the Nashville MSA. In addition, this research implemented several distance-decay functions in addition to the dichotomous function of the standard 2SFCA method. This research has found that the majority of the population residing in the Nashville MSA enjoyed good spatial accessibility to PCPs. However, the highest percentages of those resided in areas of low accessibility were located in periphery rural areas as well as isolated areas poorly connected to the roadway network due to certain physical barriers such as lakes and streams. Moreover, this research has found that, in general, non-spatial factors intensified the most where there was good accessibility to PCPs.

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Bandreddy, Naga Abhiram. "Defining Correlation Between Radon, Uranium Deposits, and Oil and Gas Wells Using GIS Regression Methods." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564687565423414.

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Popa, Veronica. "Méthode prédictive d'évaluation de la gêne olfactive sur un territoire soumis à une activité industrielle. Approche du potentiel de nuisance et analyse de la vulnérabilité du territoire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30030.

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Le stress environnemental croissant perçu dans les zones résidentielles crée un sentiment d’insécurité et une perception négative de la qualité de vie, plaçant la nuisance olfactive au coeur des préoccupations des études environnementales. Dans ce contexte, les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse de doctorat ont été initiés dans le but d’aboutir à une méthode permettant d’évaluer et de représenter les niveaux de gêne olfactive sur un territoire. En conséquence, l’intérêt s’est porté non seulement sur les caractéristiques de la source et des sujets récepteurs mais aussi sur leur environnement au moment de la perception de la nuisance odorante. Plus particulièrement, l’objectif de cette nouvelle approche est de permettre de mesurer et de prévoir l’impact olfactif d’une industrie existante ou future sur un territoire donné. L’idée est de représenter le niveau de gêne olfactive et ses conséquences sur le territoire, afin d’avoir une meilleure gestion du site industriel en termes de rejets, mais aussi de fournir une aide à la décision claire et objective aux acteurs impliqués. La démarche développée s’articule autour de deux concepts : la gêne olfactive et le préjudice économique de cette gêne sur le territoire. Ces deux concepts sont définis par un ensemble de critères hétérogènes organisés et agrégés afin d’aboutir à un outil géographique et environnemental opérationnel. L’outil a été validé autour d’un site industriel permettant de confronter l’approche méthodologique développée et le résultat des mesures sur place. Les résultats de l’application de cette méthode sont de qualité satisfaisante et ouvrent la porte à de nombreuses perspectives de recherche
The increasing environmental stress felt in residential areas leads to an unsafety sensation and to a negative life-quality perception, setting odor annoyance at the heart of environmental issues. Within this context, the research work presented in this doctoral thesis was initiated in order to result in a method allowing to assess and to represent the odor annoyance levels on a given territory. As a consequence, the interest has focused not only on the characteristics of the source and of the exposed targets, but also on their environment during the perception of the olfactory nuisance. To be more precise, the aim of this new approach is to make us able to measure and to forecast the olfactory impact of an existing or a future industry plant on a given territory. The main idea is to represent the level of odor annoyance and its consequences on the territory, in order to reach a best level of industrial plant management in terms of wastes as well as to provide a clear and objective decision support tool for the involved actors. The developed method revolves around two main concepts: the odor annoyance and the economical prejudice of this annoyance on the targeted territory. These two concepts are defined by a group of heterogeneous criteria, organized and aggregated in order to obtain a geographical and environmental operational tool. This tool has been validated for an industrial plant, thus comparing the developed approach to on the spot measurements results. The results of the application of this method came out satisfying and open numerous paths of inquiry

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Sedoarisoa, Noëlvia. "Les Impacts des nuisances sonores aériennes : dépréciation immobilière et inégalité sociale? Cas des aéroports de Paris Charles-de-Gaulle,Paris-Orly, Paris-le-Bourget, Lyon Sain-Exupéry et Toulouse-Blagnac." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0747/document.

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Au cours des 30 dernières années, il s'est produit un accroissement important de la demande et de la mise à disposition des transports aériens. Alors que l'on reconnaît, d'une manière générale, l'importance fondamentale de ce mode de transport pour les sociétés et les économies modernes, il retient de plus en plus l'attention de la classe politique par les effets secondaires néfastes qu'il engendre. En effet, les transports aériens sont aussi sources d'externalités environnementales négatives, en particulier la pollution sonore, qu'il convient d'évaluer pour pouvoir mettre en place des politiques correctives (taxes, compensation, etc.).Dans ce contexte, la dépréciation des valeurs immobilières ainsi que le risque de ségrégation sociale susceptible d'être causé par le bruit des avions tiennent un rôle croissant dans les réflexions, qui figurent parmi les préoccupations majeures avec les questions relatives à la santé des riverains. Depuis plusieurs années, de nombreuses études ont été menées dans ces domaines, à l'étranger. Cependant, à ce jour, en France, lesétudes sont encore rarissimes. Cette thèse a donc pour objet de: a) analyser et mesurer les impacts des plateformes aéroportuaires sur les valeurs immobilières et identifier les variables influentes (bruit des avions, distance à l'aéroport, etc.), b) analyser l'éventuelle situation d'inégalité sociale face à l'exposition au bruit des avions ; c) fournir un outil opérationnel et pérenne d'aide à la décision par la création d'un observatoire.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, une méthodologie pluridisciplinaire combinant compétences économiques (méthode des prix hédoniques) et géographique (SIG) a été développée. La principale originalité de cette thèse réside dans sa démarche comparative au niveau national, mettant en exergue les spécificités des différents territoires étudiés. Les territoires d'investigation couvrent toutes les communes situées dans ou à proximité immédiate des zones de bruit (plan d'exposition au bruit ou PEB) de chaque aéroport concerné. Les aéroports étudiés concernent aussi bien les aéroports parisiens (à savoir : Paris Charles-de-Gaulle et Paris-Orly), ainsi que ceux de provinces (Lyon Saint-Exupéry et Toulouse- Blagnac)
Over the past 30 years, there has been a significant increase in the air transportation demand and supply. While the fundamental importance of this mode of transport, for modern societies and economies, are generally recognized, it attracts increasing attention from the political class, because of the negative side effects to which it leads. Indeed, air transports cause also negative environmental externalities, in particular noise pollution, which should be evaluated in order to implement corrective policies (taxes, compensation, etc.).In this context, the depreciation of property values and the risk of social segregation caused by aircraft noise have a growing role in the discussions, which are among the major concerns with the health issues of local residents. For several years now, many studies have been conducted in these areas, abroad. Currently, however, studies are still rare in France.Therefore, this thesis aims to: a) analyze and measure the impact of airport platforms on property values and identify the influential variables (aircraft noise, distance to the airport, etc.), analyze possible social inequality in relation to exposure to aircraft noise, c) provide an operational and sustainable decision support tool by setting up an observatory.To address these objectives, a multidisciplinary methodology combining economic (hedonic price method) and geographic (GIS) expertise has been developed. The main originality of this thesis lies in its comparative approach on a national level, highlighting the specificities of the different territories studied. The territories studied cover all communes located in or close to the noise zones (noise exposure map “Plan d'Exposition au Bruit (PEB)”) of each airport concerned. The airports studied concern both Paris airports (Paris- CDG and Paris-Orly), as well as those of provinces (Lyon Saint-Exupery and Toulouse-Blagnac)

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NOGUEIRA, Annyella Kássia. "Uso de geoprocessamento para mapeamento de vulnerabilidade como instrumento de gestão de águas subterrâneas em Aparecida de Goiânia/GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/607.

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The research developed sought to contribute to the conservation of groundwater resources, aiming in developing a Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool to manage the use of groundwater targeting the sustainable use, for public supply in the city of Aparecida de Goiânia/GO. In order to achieve this, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for the registration of deep wells, continuing the research with a study of natural vulnerability by mapping the information obtained wich relates the potential sources of contamination. Data collection took place through a consultation with the Information System for Groundwater (SIAGAS) and through the System of Statistics and Geographic Information of the State of Goiás (SIEG). Through the database development it was possible to apply the DRASTIC method adapted by Narciso and Gomes (2005) and GOD method proposed by Foster and Hirata (1988) for mapping vulnerability to contamination of groundwater resources. In order to apply the DRASTIC method adapted, maps were generated for slope, land use, geology, geomorphology, water resources and human occupation. The map resulting from this method shows four classes: low, medium, high and very high, showing that of the 288 square kilometers of this city, almost 80% were classified as having medium vulnerability fir the groundwater quality. For the GOD method, maps of the degree of hydraulic confinement, geology and depth or distance of the groundwater level were generated. The map resulting from this process had only three classes: negligible, low and high, showing that 76% of the area was classified as having a negligible vulnerability. This occurred because this method does not consider human occupation.
A pesquisa desenvolvida buscou contribuir para a conservação dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, tendo como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) como instrumento de gestão para a utilização das águas subterrâneas visando o seu uso sustentável, para o abastecimento público na cidade de Aparecida de Goiânia/GO. Para atingí-lo utilizou-se um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) para o cadastramento dos poços tubulares profundos, procedendo assim ao estudo da vulnerabilidade natural, através do mapeamento das informações obtidas, além de relacionar as fontes potenciais de contaminação. A obtenção dos dados deu-se através da consulta ao Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas (SIAGAS) e através do Sistema Estadual de Estatística e de Informações Geográficas de Goiás (SIEG). Estes dados possibilitaram a elaboração do banco de dados e a aplicação do método DRASTIC adaptado por Narciso e Gomes (2005) e do método GOD proposto por Foster e Hirata (1988), para a geração de mapas de vulnerabilidade à contaminação dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos. Para a elaboração do método DRASTIC adaptado foram gerados os mapas de declividade, uso do solo, geologia, falhas geológicas, recursos hídricos e ocupação humana. O mapa resultante desse método apresentou quatro classes: baixa, média, alta e muito alta, sendo que dos 288 quilômetros quadrados deste município, aproximadamente 80% foi classificado como tendo vulnerabilidade média para a qualidade das águas subterrâneas. Para o método GOD foram gerados os mapas de grau de confinamento hidráulico, ocorrência do substrato litológico e profundidade ou distância do nível da água subterrânea. O mapa resultante desse processo apresentou apenas três classes: desprezível, baixa e alta, sendo que 76% da área foi classificado como vulnerabilidade desprezível, por este método não considerar a ocupação humana.

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Reichenbacher, Tumasch. "Eine Methode für den Wissenserwerb in der kartographischen Generalisierung duch Interaktionsaufzeichnung und induktives Lernen /." Zürich : Geographisches Institut, 1996. http://www.geo.unizh.ch/gis/research/geoprocessing/gp-abst30.shtml.

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Mbolo, Noah Phanuel Séraphine. "Développement d’une méthode de mesure de charges d’espace appliquée aux isolateurs de postes sous enveloppe métallique (PSEM) pour la haute tension à courant continu." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS038/document.

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En permettant la transmission de fortes puissances sur de grandes distances, les réseaux en haute tension à courant continu (HTCC) représentent l'avenir du transport de l'énergie électrique. Des équipements tels que les postes sous enveloppe métallique (PSEM) seront indispensables dans ces réseaux pour répartir le flux d'énergie, interrompre ou isoler certaines branches. Leur conception nécessite la prise en compte, pour les parties isolantes, de phénomènes spécifiques liés à l’application de champs électriques continus, comme la dépendance de la résistivité avec le champ et la température, mais également l’accumulation de la charge d'espace qui contribue à augmenter sensiblement les risques de claquage. Dans le composite étudié (résine époxyde chargée d’alumine), ce phénomène commence à se manifester dès que les valeurs de champ excèdent quelques kV/mm, correspondant à l’ordre de grandeur des contraintes envisagées dans les futurs PSEM HTCC.Bien que des techniques existent pour déterminer la répartition de ces charges dans les isolants solides, aucune n’est à ce jour directement applicable aux structures isolantes installées dans les PSEM HTCC.L’objectif de ce travail est ainsi de concevoir et de mettre en place une technique de mesure des charges d’espace et du champ électrique interne qui soit à résolution spatiale, non destructive et adaptée à une géométrie d’isolateur cylindrique, de type support isolant de jeu de barres.En utilisant le dispositif expérimental mis en place, le comportement du composite vis-à-vis de la charge d’espace est par la suite étudié, notamment en fonction de différentes contraintes électrothermiques représentatives du fonctionnement des PSEM. Le but final est d'aider à l'optimisation de la conception de ce type d’isolateur, en se basant sur l’analyse des résultats issus de mesures de charges d’espace
The trend today is to develop high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology for the future electric network because it offers some advantages for the transmission on long distances. The development of HVDC networks leads to an increasing need of gas insulated substations (GIS). A problem to be dealt with when an insulator is subjected to a continuous electric field is the variation of the resistivity with the electric field and the temperature and the accumulation of space charges that can lead to dielectric breakdown. In alumina-filled epoxy resin, used as insulating material for GIS spacer, the influence of space charge start to come out when the electric fields exceed several kV/mm, corresponding to values envisaged for the future HVDC GIS.Despite that non-destructive methods exist to determine the space charge distribution in solid insulators, none of them are directly applicable to insulation structures installed in the HVDC GIS.So, the main objective of this work is to design and set up a measurement technique to observe the internal electric field and the accumulated charges. The developed method must be non-destructive and adapted for a cylindrical geometry of an insulator used as a busbar insulation support.By using the experimental bench set up, the behavior of the composite material regarding the space charge will be studied, in particular according to different thermoelectric stresses. The final aim is to contribute to the optimization of the design of this type of insulator, based on the results from space charge measurements

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ABU, KHALAF MOTASEM. "Environmental impacts assessment and horizons of rehabilitation of abandoned limestone quarries: a case study from the Southern part of the West Bank." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1256.

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Cave di pietra sono state scavate da lungo tempo in Cisgiordania per soddisfare la crescente domanda di materiale da costruzione. Fino ad oggi non sono noti piani di gestione per l'uso post-estrazione dei siti abbandonati. Cave abbandonate senza trattamento dopo la chiusura possono causare dissesti al territorio ed esercitare significativi impatti ambientali. Questi impatti vanno dalla rimozione degli ecosistemi originari, a significative variazioni della topografia originaria del territorio, fino alla rottura irreversibile dei rapporti ecologici fondamentali e alla conseguente riduzione della biodiversità. La presente tesi di dottorato riguarda la valutazione dei rischi ambientali provocati dalle cave di pietra nella regione meridionale della Cisgiordania e le prospettive di riutilizzo di cave abbandonate nel territorio di designazione. L'area di interesse di 80 km2 è stata determinata e delineata sulla base della distribuzione delle cave e dei distretti urbani circostanti. I siti delle cave sono stati suddivisi in nove gruppi oltre ad una quarantina di cave al di fuori di questi cluster. Ogni cluster è stato delineato e descritto in termini di area e di numero di cave. La posizione di ciascuna cava all'interno e all'esterno del cluster è stata anche determinata utilizzando fotografie aeree. Per fornire i dati necessari per la valutazione dei rischi ambientali e gli strumenti di pianificazione dell'uso del territorio, la situazione fisica e demografica della zona è stata descritta. Le cave sono state esaminate e i potenziali impatti sul terreno circostante derivanti dall’utilizzo delle cave stesse sono stati individuati nel corso di visite a ciascun sito della zona. Diverse caratteristiche geografiche sono state incluse nell'analisi e nella valutazione degli impatti ambientali negativi delle cave. Gli seguenti impatti ambientali sono stati esaminati in base ai dati raccolti :-( Inquinamento ambientale che comprende "l'inquinamento dell'aria / Inquinamento acustico / inquinamento delle acque / inquinamento del suolo"; effetti sull’uso dei terreni; effetti sulla biodiversità, gli effetti sul paesaggio e gli effetti socio-economici) . Durante il periodo di studio, molte visite sul campo sono state effettuate a diverse cave abbandonate nell'area di studio. Inoltre, diverse visite ai Comuni delle tre principali città dell’area di studio sono state effettuate. Un’analisi della letteratura scientifica pubblicata da diversi Enti e Ministeri, incluso l’ufficio centrale di statistica della Palestina), relativa al settore del marmo e della pietra è stata effettuata dall'inizio della ricerca. Per quanto riguarda la delimitazione dell'area di studio, un progetto dettagliato utilizzando il Geographical Information System (GIS) è stato fatto per descrivere gli aspetti fisici e demografici dell'area comprendente i siti di cava.Caratteristiche fisiche e dati sulla popolazione per l'intera area sono stati raccolti e inseriti nella struttura GIS. Questi dati possono essere catalogati come segue :-( Copertura del suolo / uso, topografia, suolo, geologia, strade principali e locali e aree urbane). Raccomandazioni finali sono state suddivise in commenti generali a lungo termine rivolti a enti governativi e di pianificazione e raccomandazioni pratiche a breve termine rivolte a qualsiasi organizzazione che può sponsorizzare la realizzazione di programmi di riabilitazione di alcuni siti specifici. La classifica di usi post-chiusura proposti in questo studio per rispondere alle specifiche esigenze di utilizzo del territorio sono: bonifica dei terreni a fini agricoli o progetti di sviluppo (campi da gioco con i servizi al dettaglio, giardini, impianti di compostaggio, serbatoi d'acqua temporanei, unità abitative e centri di salute). Secondo i dati raccolti e le analisi condotte, l'uso ottimale del suolo di queste cave abbandonate è stato determinato in base alle caratteristiche dell’ ambiente circostante e il loro stato fisico e demografico. Nel presente studio, una banca dati ambientale è stata creata utilizzando i Sistemi Informativi Geografici (GIS) e mediante la verifica incrociata dei dati riguardanti le cave abbandonate e la loro localizzazione, sulla base di diverse aree di pianificazione designate con le priorità di sviluppo della località e le priorità che sono state stabilite dalle autorità amministrative delle zone circostanti. I risultati della ricerca mostrano che la maggior parte delle cave abbandonate si trova in aree designate per la conservazione rispetto alle aree destinate a progetti di sviluppo. Pertanto, cave abbandonate che si trovano in zone di conservazione devono essere riabilitate come spazi aperti. Quelli nelle zone urbane e rurali dovrebbero essere riabilitate come progetti di sviluppo, o come spazi aperti per usi agricoli o combinati.
The stone quarries in the West Bank were long excavated to meet the increasing demand for building material. Until to date of this search, there exist no plans for post-quarrying use of the abandoned sites. Quarries that are left untreated after closure cause extensive land disturbances and have negative safety and environmental impacts. The impact is ranging from the removal of the original ecosystems, the significant change of the original topography, the irreversible disruption of the fundamental ecological relations, and the reduced biodiversity. The core of this study is the evaluation of the environmental risks resulted from the stone quarries in the southern part of the West Bank are and the aspects of rehabilitating abandoned quarries and their future designation land use, emphasizing the theme of abandoned quarries in the study area. The area of interest of 80 km2 was determined and delineated based on the distribution of quarries and the surrounding urbanized clusters. Quarrying sites are divided into nine clusters and about fourty quarries outside these clusters. Each cluster was delineated and described in terms of its area and the number of quarries. The location of each quarry outside and inside cluster was also determined using aerial photographs. To provide the data necessary for the assessment of environmental risks and land-use planning tools, the physical and demographic statuses of the area were described. The quarry were examined and potential impacts on the surrounding land-uses were identified during a site visits to the area. Various thematic geographic features have been included in the analysis and evaluation of the quarries negative environmental impacts. The following environmental impacts were addressed according to the collected data:-(Environmental Pollution which includes”air pollution/Noise pollution/water pollution/soil pollution”;effects on land use;effects on biodiversity;effects on landscape and socio-economical effects). During the study period, many site and field visits were carried out to several abandoned quarries in the study area. In the other hand, several visits to the Municipalities of the main three cites of our study area were carried out. A literature survey for all the related material to stone and marble industry was carried out since the beginning of the research. It included the publications of the Stone and Marble Industry Union and other applied researches published by researchers from the local universities and scientific institutions, publications of the Environmental Quality Authority (EQA), Ministry of National Economy, Ministry of Agriculture ,Municipalities of the four towns and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). As to the area delineation part, a detailed, intensive and comprehensive work using the Geographical Information System (GIS) was done, the physical and demographic statuses of the area were being described. The quarry sites and their areas have been examined. Physical features and population data for the whole area were collected and inserted into the GIS structure. These data could be displayed as follows:-(Land cover/use, topography, soil, geology, main and local roads and the built up area clusters). Final recommendations have been divided into general long term addressed to governmental and planning bodies and Practical short term recommendations are addressed for any organization which can sponsor implementing rehabilitation programs for some of the recommended sites. The ranked post-closure uses proposed in this study response to the specific land use needs are: land reclamation for agricultural purposes or development projects (playing fields with retail services, gardens, composting facility, temporary water reservoir, housing units and health center). According to the collected data and analysis, the optimal land use of these abandoned quarries was determined according to the characteristics of their nearby environment and their physical and demographic status. In the present study, an environmental database was created by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and by cross-checking data of abandoned quarries and their location according to different designated planning areas with the locality development priorities and needs that were set by the administrative authorities of the surrounding area. The research findings show that more abandoned quarries are located in areas designated for conservation than in areas intended for development projects. Therefore, abandoned quarries that are located in conservation areas should be rehabilitated as open spaces. Those in urban and rural areas should be rehabilitated as development projects, or as open spaces and agricultural land uses, or as combined land uses.

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