Journal articles on the topic 'Girls France Social conditions'
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1
Noonan, Robert, and Stuart Fairclough. "Social Disadvantage, Maternal Psychological Distress, and Difficulties in Children’s Social-Emotional Well-Being." Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 11, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8110103.
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This study used data from wave four of the United Kingdom (U.K.) Millennium Cohort Study to examine whether there is an individual (i.e., maternal education) and area-level social disadvantage (i.e., neighborhood deprivation) gradient to difficulties in social-emotional well-being (SEW) in 7-year-old English children. We then investigated to what extent maternal psychological distress (Kessler 6 score) explains the relationship between social disadvantage indicators and boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties. Subjects consisted of 3661 child–mother dyads (1804 boys and 1857 girls). Results discerned gender differences in the effect social disadvantage indicators have on child SEW difficulties. Maternal education had a comparable effect on boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties, but a steeper neighborhood deprivation gradient was evident for boys’ SEW difficulties compared to girls’ SEW difficulties. The effect of each social disadvantage indicator on boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties was for most part direct and strong (p ≤ 0.001) rather than through maternal psychological distress, suggesting that the theoretical framework was incomplete. Here we demonstrate that where children are positioned on the social disadvantage gradient matters greatly to their SEW. Improving the living conditions and health of mothers with psychological distress may offer a pathway to improve child SEW.
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Gillberg, C., and M. Råstam. "Do Some Cases of Anorexia Nervosa Reflect Underlying Autistic-Like Conditions?" Behavioural Neurology 5, no. 1 (1992): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/259318.
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In a sample of 51 teenagers with anorexia nervosa (AN)—which included 24 cases constituting the total population of AN cases born in 1970—several had shown social, communicative and behaviour patterns suggestive of autistic-like conditions as children, long before the onset of AN. One of the three boys in the AN group had Asperger syndrome. Three of the 48 girls had histories suggesting high functioning autism and continued to show many features typical of autism. Two further girls had Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive traits in combination with social interaction problems. Eighteen other girls met criteria for obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and most of these also had had moderate–severe childhood social interaction problems. In a sex- and age-matched comparison group from the same schools, two girls had OCPD, but none had autistic-like conditions or Tourette syndrome. The results are discussed in the context of a recently suggested link between Asperger syndrome, Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive problems, and it is suggested that AN in a subgroup of cases might represent a disorder belonging in the same class as autism and autistic-like conditions.
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Kolloff, Penny Britton. "Gifted Girls and the Humanities." Journal of Secondary Gifted Education 7, no. 4 (August 1996): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932202x9600700407.
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In recent years, attention has been drawn to differences between the school experiences of females and those of males. Although particular focus has been on conditions that contribute to attrition and underachievement of females in science and mathematics, similar conditions may exist in humanities classes. Specifically, students in English and history/social studies classes frequently encounter materials that are disproportionately by and about males and an overall classroom environment that is more supportive of males. All students need a curriculum that reflects the contributions of talented female authors, strong, active female characters, social activists, political and historical figures. Additionally, changes in the types of assignments, classroom organization, and teacher behaviors are necessary to address the needs of gifted girls in these courses by more adequately supporting their learning styles, preferences, and strengths. This article suggests appropriate modifications of humanities curricula to address these needs.
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Берман, L. Berman, Олешко, S. Oleshko, Ермак, and M. Ermak. "Social-Pedagogical Conditions of Cadet Girls Training in the Russian Education System." Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 6, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_595cd613146a83.94767349.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of social-pedagogical preconditions for establishing military education and the emergence of cadet girls in the Russian education system. The reforms of Soviet education and the features of social education in the post-revolutionary period are considered. The experience of military-patriotic education of youth and the creation of social and educational environment of universal military-patriotic and physical education of the younger generation in the pre-war period in the Soviet Union are presented on the example of the military-sports organizations. The role of the military and paramilitary sports and games as an effective means of military-patriotic education of students is noted. Social-pedagogical conditions of training of cadet girls in the Russian education system are formulated.
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Tewahido, Dagmawit, Alemayehu Worku, Amare W. Tadesse, Hanna Gulema, and Yemane Berhane. "Adolescent girls trapped in early marriage social norm in rural Ethiopia: A vignette-based qualitative exploration." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): e0263987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263987.
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Background Early marriage is not uncommon in Ethiopia, particularly for adolescent girls in rural settings. Social norms are among the factors believed to perpetuate early marriage practices. This qualitative study explores social norms surrounding adolescent girls’ marriage practices in West Hararghe, Ethiopia. Methods This study used the qualitative inquiry method to explore social norms in rural Ethiopia. Focus group discussions were conducted with purposively sampled married and unmarried adolescent girls, adolescent boys, and parents. A total of 158 individuals participated in the study, comprising 95 adolescents and 63 parents. Data were collected using locally developed vignettes. A thematic framework analysis approach using the Social Norms Analysis Plot (SNAP) was employed to diagnose and understand social norms. Results Adolescent girls’ marriage was found to be mainly influenced by their peers who conform to prevailing social norms. Marrying one’s first suitor was considered an opportunity not to be missed and a symbol of good luck. Relatives, neighbors, and marriage brokers facilitate adolescent girls’ marriage in accordance with the local social norms. Girls usually accept the first marriage proposal regardless of their age, and they are highly expected to do so by their peers, parents, and influential others. Exceptions from the early marriage social norm include adolescent girls determined to continue their education and those having supportive teachers. Conclusions In this study context, social norms strongly encourage early marriage and are mainly perpetuated by peers of adolescent girls and influential adults. A strong determination to continue education on the part of girls, strong school performance, and supportive schoolteachers are important conditions for circumventing social norms on early marriage. As social norms evolve slowly, we recommend periodical assessment in order to develop locally appropriate interventions against early marriage.
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Dimmala, Chandrashekharvaraprasadrao, and Kalyanchakravarthy Burra. "A study on nutritional status and environmental conditions of school children residing in social welfare hostels in urban area of a South Indian city." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193584.
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Background: Nutrition plays a vital role, as inadequate nutrition during childhood may lead to malnutrition, growth retardation, reduced work capacity and poor mental and social development. The school age period is nutritionally significant so this study aims is to evaluate the present scenario of nutritional status and environmental conditions of schedule caste school children residing in social welfare hostels.Methods: A community-based cross sectional study was taken up in 9 social welfare hostels in urban Vijayawada city. 312 students were studied in a period of one year, from October 2012 to October 2013. Nutritional status of children was assessed by anthropometric measurements viz BMI, Hb levels. Environmental conditions of the hostel were assessed after thorough inspection of all the environmental conditions. Data was analysed using SPSSv20.Results: Prevalence of underweight was more in boys compared to girls with (27.9%) of boys with grade III thiness as compared to (11.50%) of girls and overall prevalence of underweight of 39.1% in boys as compared to 31.1% girls. Overall prevalence of anaemia was found out to be 97.7% with girls 53.5% and 44.2% in boys. Overcrowding is seen in all the hostels studied. All the rooms are adequately ventilated, and lighting was adequate. Sanitation is found to be satisfactory.Conclusions: This study found out that prevalence of anaemia (97.7%) and malnourishment was high in majority of school children in social welfare hostels.
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Soungari, Yeo, and Kei Mathias. "Le Défi De La Scolarisation Primaire Universelle Des Filles Dans La Région Du Worodougou En Côte D’Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p393.
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Under-education and schooling are important phenomena that hinder the achievement of universal primary education, especially for girls. This article aims to analyze strategies to implement in order to achieve universal primary education for girls in the region of Worodougou, in northwestern of Côte d’Ivoire. To collect data, individual and group interviews were conducted with actors of education. After this investigation, it is concluded that the obstacles to achieving of this goal are, among others, poverty, illiteracy of the parents, social representation of women in the community, migration of girls from Worodougou region, in particular, the dream of going to settle in the west countries, and more specifically in France, etc. The proposed strategies are numerous. However, we can mention the need for the implementation of literacy programs, effectiveness of free education for all the children, increasing educational opportunities, etc.
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Mainardi, Arianna. "‘The pictures I really dislike are those where the girls are naked!’ Postfeminist norms of female sexual embodiment in contemporary Italian digital culture." Modern Italy 23, no. 2 (March 25, 2018): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2018.6.
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This article engages with the postfeminist debate on girls’ sexuality in contemporary Italy. The huge popularity among adolescents of social network sites (SNSs), which involve a vast mobilisation of personal images, has given rise to new concerns and a moralising gender panic about girls’ sexuality. Drawing on critical girls’ studies, and based on the outputs of a qualitative research project, the article discusses the gender discourses that emerge from Italian girls’ digital practices on SNSs, with specific reference to girls’ online self-representation through posting and sharing photos on Facebook and other SNSs. The article explores how sexual regulation works among girls in the digital context by analysing the postfeminist norms of female sexual embodiment in contemporary Italian digital culture. In doing so, the article hopes to contribute to the transnational academic debate in media and cultural studies by showing the discursive and visual conditions of possibility which shape girls’ digital sexual subjectivity on social network sites.
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Yalfimova, Elena Anatol’yevna, and Galiya Fettyakhovna Kutusheva. "Medico-social factors influencing the menstrual function in adolescents with overweight." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped6171-75.
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Obesity is a serious medical, social and economic issue in modern society. Relevance it is determined primarily by the high prevalence of obesity. Objective: identify medical and social factors influencing the development of obesity in adolescent girls with menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: questionnaires, analysis of medical records, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination 167 girls from 14 to 18 years with obesity I degree (28,7 %), obesity degree II (58,1 %), obesity III degree (13.2 %) and their parents, and 211 girls with normal body weight and their parents. Results: artificial feeding from birth had 23,2% of the young women of the main group, in the control group the rate was 7.4 %. The regularity of meals keep 12.5 % of adolescents in primary and 27.1 % of adolescents in the control groups. The prevalence of high-calorie foods noted 21.1 % of girls are obese and only 4.9 % of normal body weight. The average age at onset of menarche in girls with obesity was 10 years and 9 months, which is 11 months earlier than in the con-control group girls. Girls with overweight significantly more often in 80.6 % of identified disorders of lipid compared with a group of girls with normal body weight, in 13.9 % of cases respectively. In the main group was observed hormonal changes, talking about changing the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland, disorders of the cyclical release of gonadotropins, the absence of physiological “ovulatory peak”, a chaotic secretion of FSH and LH, the violation of physiological ratio of FSH/LH. When conducting USDG in the first group identified dyscirculatory violations arterial bed, in the form of the asymmetry of the flow and signs of venous degenii in the form of increased speed of blood flow in the jugular veins, monophasic flow in the veins, the blood flow in the vertebral veins in a horizontal position. Conclusions: the menstrual cycle occurs under the action of complex factors, such as physical illness, unbalanced diet, chronic stress, bad habits, poor physical living conditions. A survey of adolescent girls who turned over the menstrual cycle and with obesity should be integrated and include in addition to the laboratory, instrumentaltion survey joint management of such patients related-governmental experts.
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Васильєва, О. С., К. Л. Пашкевич, І. В. Васильєва, and М. В. Колосніченко. "ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ШКІЛЬНОГО ФОРМЕНОГО ОДЯГУ В АНГЛІЇ ТА ФРАНЦІЇ XVI-XХ СТ." Art and Design, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2020.2.4.
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The purpose of the article is to retrace the main stages of the formation of uniforms in European educational institutions in the XVI – XХ centuries and the transformation of such uniforms into a modern school uniform. Methodological basis of research is approach of the systems, methods comparatively – historical and art analysis. The main stages of the formation of a school uniform for boys and girls are determined. The main types of school suits of the XVI – XX centuries of England and France investigated. The conducted researches have shown that school uniforms reflected the social roles, the student’s studies. The distinctive logos of school uniform suit of countries of Europe are investigational. The origin of school uniforms for girls was also study and the features of its development in educational institutions in England and France of the XVI – XX centuries were determined. The scientific novelty is to consist in determining the main stages in the formation of school uniforms of the XVI – XX centuries of England and France and their types. The obtained results of the research can used in the training of specialists in the field of clothing design and in the design of modern collections of school uniforms based on the historical school costume of the XVI-XX centuries.
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Siniarska, Anna, Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Małgorzata Grochowska, and Sławomir Kozieł. "Body structure, muscular strength and living conditions of primary school children in Warsaw." Journal of Biosocial Science 53, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932020000061.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether the living conditions of school children affects their body structure and muscular strength. Data were taken from 400 girls and 341 boys aged 7–15 years attending nine primary schools in Warsaw in 1997. A questionnaire was completed, anthropological measurements made and two muscular strength tests conducted. The questionnaire asked questions on the children’s level of education, their parents’ professions and monthly incomes, the number of persons in the family and the number of rooms in the family’s apartment/home. Body height, body weight, chest and arm circumferences, grip strength and vertical jump height were measured and used to calculate body mass index, Marty’s Index and the Sargent Vertical Jump Index. Statistical tests included Student’s t-test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis. Body height, chest circumference, Sargent Vertical Jump Index and grip strength were significantly greater in the boys than the girls. Two factors, namely ‘socioeconomic status’ (F1) and ‘family size’ (F2), describing living conditions, were isolated after PCA. Boys from bigger families (F2) were shorter, with lower weights and BMIs, smaller chest and arm circumferences and greater grip strengths than those from smaller families, whereas girls from families of lower socioeconomic status (F1) weighed less and had greater BMIs and arm circumferences than those from higher socioeconomic status families. The results suggest that boys seem to be more ‘ecosensitive’ than girls.
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Azevedo, Kathryn, María Fernández, Sonia Mendoza, Evelyn Tirumalai, K. Haydel, Michelle Fujimoto, Krysti Garcia, et al. "Interviewing Latina Girls for Child Health Research." Practicing Anthropology 32, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.32.4.dx47388432j2271t.
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Latina youth are at high risk for obesity, subsequent diabetes, and related conditions (Popkin and Udry 1998). Ethnographic studies are needed to help design effective, culturally tailored obesity prevention programs for Latina girls. Despite the need for participation in disease prevention clinical trials, researchers often find it difficult to recruit Latino samples (Umana-Taylor and Bamaca 2004; Swanson and Ward 1995). In the course of conducting obesity prevention research, our team has had excellent success in recruiting Latina girls and completing interviews. Reflections about the practices used may be helpful to anthropologists and other social scientists involved in pediatric clinical research.
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Nakamura, Eunice, Maëlle Planche, and Alain Ehrenberg. "The social aspects in the identification of children’s mental health problems in two health services in Paris, France." Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação 22, no. 65 (June 22, 2017): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-57622016.0911.
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Children’s mental health problems were analyzed from a sociological approach addressing two questions: what are the main children’s behaviors identified and considered to be mental health problems, and what are the consequences of this classification for the debate on children’s problems in contemporary societies. This quantitative and qualitative study analyzed 275 patients’ records from two child mental health services (CMHS) in the northeast area of Paris, France. The majority of children were boys from six to 11 years old; requests were presented mainly by schools and parents; the main problems were behavioural problems, cognitive difficulties and relational problems (boys), and affective or emotional problems (girls). There is an interdependence of a great number of actors who worry about children’s behavior and a system of expectations seems to be collectively woven by them as social classifications.
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Segura Millan Trejo, Fernando, Mark Norman, and Chirstophe Jaccoud. "Encounters on the Field: Observations of the Football-3-Halves Festival at the Euro Cup 2016." Sociology of Sport Journal 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2017-0147.
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This article seeks to contribute to debate about sport for social development. The purpose is to analyze the Football3 methodology and the de-structuring of delegations at a festival of Streetfootballworld during the Euro 2016 in France. Different to other scenarios where girls and boys participate separately and where delegations take part as national squads, this festival introduced a random system. Ethnographic work inspired by the sociology of Erving Goffman focused on encounters and interactions to observe how participants behaved in defining the rules with unknown colleagues, implementing and evaluating them. The attention paid to these frames reflected different reactions. Whilst a general attitude of cooperation was perceived, different meanings of girls’ participation and competitive aspects were identified. We argue that the recognition of perceptions of recipients may allow more inclusive schemes for festivals and programs.
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Chau, Kénora, Bernard Kabuth, and Nearkasen Chau. "Gender and Family Disparities in Suicide Attempt and Role of Socioeconomic, School, and Health-Related Difficulties in Early Adolescence." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314521.
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Suicide attempt (SA) is common in early adolescence and the risk may differ between boys and girls in nonintact families partly because of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties. This study explored the gender and family disparities and the role of these covariates. Questionnaires were completed by 1,559 middle-school adolescents from north-eastern France including sex, age, socioeconomic factors (family structure, nationality, parents’ education, father’s occupation, family income, and social support), grade repetition, depressive symptoms, sustained violence, sexual abuse, unhealthy behaviors (tobacco/alcohol/cannabis/hard drug use), SA, and their first occurrence over adolescent’s life course. Data were analyzed using Cox regression models. SA affected 12.5% of girls and 7.2% of boys (P<0.001). The girls living with parents divorced/separated, in reconstructed families, and with single parents had a 3-fold higher SA risk than those living in intact families. Over 63% of the risk was explained by socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties. No family disparities were observed among boys. Girls had a 1.74-time higher SA risk than boys, and 45% of the risk was explained by socioeconomic, school, and mental difficulties and violence. SA prevention should be performed in early adolescence and consider gender and family differences and the role of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties.
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Rollet, Catherine. "The cost of educating children: The accounts of a nineteenth century girls' boarding school in Orléans, France." History of the Family 6, no. 3 (September 2001): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-602x(01)00080-x.
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Oschepkov, A. A., and V. V. Friauf. "Study of dynamics of value systems of youth’s leaders under pedagogical conditions of value-motivational development." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 10 (October 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.10-20.023.
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Presented is study in the problem of leadership in youth environment, in frames of which theoretical analysis of scientific works was conducted. The analysis showed, that the most actual in the present time is the value approach to leadership development for verification of which is experimental study is conducted. Results of the experiment showed dynamics of changes in values systems of both girls and boys during the period of conducting psycho-pedagogical program of values development. The analysis of experimental study results showed, that values orientations system of girls with high level of leader’s ability is oriented to social interaction, and values orientations system of boys with high level of leader’s ability is oriented to inner-group interests.
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E., Machline, Pearlmutter D., and Schwartz M. "Social Mix Policies in the French Eco-Districts: Discourses, Policies and Social Impacts." Energy and Environment Research 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v10n1p36.
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In the 1960s, France built large high-rise developments to house poor and immigrant populations. This policy led to the rise of crime and violent unrest in those developments. Responding to that failure, France has tried, especially since the eighties, to promote a social mix policy in its new housing developments. In the first decade of the twenty first century, France elaborated an eco-district (eco-quartier) program whose guidelines emphasize the goals of this social mix policy together with affordability in public social housing. In light of these developments, this paper focuses on the socio-economic aspects of French eco-districts, especially with respect to low-income populations. The eco-quartier housing distribution has shown that social mix goals are barely reached. In affluent cities, where property prices are high (such as Paris, its middle-class suburbs and some large cities), the municipalities build eco-quartiers in substandard neighborhoods, to attract middle class families. In average cities, some municipalities have implemented more social housing than planned, to provide developers with access to State subsidies and loans – but can still privilege the middle-class in the allocation of the resulting housing. In the poorest French towns, eco-quartiers can improve living conditions for local residents but do not effectively promote social mixing.
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Borisovа, E. Y. "Opportunities for Socialization of Primary School Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Inclusive Education." Психологическая наука и образование 24, no. 4 (2019): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2019240407.
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The article presents the data of an empirical study of the features of socialization of primary school children aged 8—11 years with intellectual disabilities enrolled in an inclusive (31 people, including 22 boys and 9 girls) and special education (59 people, including 42 boys and 17 girls).In order to test the hypothesis of the specificity of the processes of socialization in training under different conditions, a diagnosis was carried out using a set of techniques, both test and expert. The analysis of the results of the study of individual components of social competence allows us to state that children studying under the conditions of inclusion, compared with their peers, pupils of correctional schools, are characterized by less pronounced manifestations of social maladaptation and more harmonious family relationships, but there are difficulties in recognizing the emotional state of other people, insufficient ability to adequately navigate in fairly typical life situations, contradictory trends in the formation of self-image, reflecting the negative features of psychosocial development, presumably due to the specificity of social experience. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is made about the importance of special correctional and developmental work in the education of children with intellectual disabilities in the conditions of inclusion, aimed at creating the conditions necessary for the successful socialization of a child with disabilities The article presents the data of an empirical study of the features of socialization of primary school children aged 8—11 years with intellectual disabilities enrolled in an inclusive (31 people, including 22 boys and 9 girls) and special education (59 people, including 42 boys and 17 girls).In order to test the hypothesis of the specificity of the processes of socialization in training under different conditions, a diagnosis was carried out using a set of techniques, both test and expert. The analysis of the results of the study of individual components of social competence allows us to state that children studying under the conditions of inclusion, compared with their peers, pupils of correctional schools, are characterized by less pronounced manifestations of social maladaptation and more harmonious family relationships, but there are difficulties in recognizing the emotional state of other people, insufficient ability to adequately navigate in fairly typical life situations, contradictory trends in the formation of self-image, reflecting the negative features of psychosocial development, presumably due to the specificity of social experience. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is made about the importance of special correctional and developmental work in the education of children with intellectual disabilities in the conditions of inclusion, aimed at creating the conditions necessary for the successful socialization of a child with disabilities
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Mitrofanova, Svetlana Yu. "SOME FORMATS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION PRACTICES IN CHILDHOOD: FRIENDSHIP, AVOIDING CONFLICTS AND TEACHING LIES." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 3 (2022): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2022-3-93-103.
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The article focuses on the analysis of the friendship, avoiding conflicts in conflict, as well as teaching children the practices of lying as some formats of practices of social interaction in childhood, laying the foundations of social order in society. The focus is on current research on: 1) the impact of family migration on children’s friendship, 2) conceptualization of friendship between primary school children in ethnically diverse communities, 3) understanding the specifics of friendship in family and school among refugee girls, 4) the “effects” of neighborhood, the negative consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood, 5) the sabotage practices in the conflict between sibling children, 6) how parents teach their children to tell lies and 7) the eventfulness of the childhood of modern boys and girls. The considered practices are mainly mastered earlier by boys and children from wealthy families, and later by girls and children from poor families. It is concluded that friendship, avoiding conflicts and lying denote features of social interaction practices in childhood but bring up to relevance the issue of the need to continue their research in the context of the conditions of Russian childhood.
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Olofinbiyi, Sogo Angel, and Shanta Balgobind Singh. "Migration, Urbanization, and Adolescent Prostitution in Nigeria." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20952283.
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The article begins with a brief discussion of migration and urbanization and its attendant problems in propagating prostitution among adolescent girls in Nigeria. It argues that the combined effects of urbanization, as well as people’s increasing agitation to secure greener pastures in cities, have made a large number of adolescent girls migrate to cities in the hope of meeting some basic needs of life—an adventure that turns out contrary to their expectations and predisposes some of them into the act of prostitution. Due to excruciating poverty within various families and the impacts of this awkward situation on most adolescent girls, delivery of quality social support services and care to the adolescent girls has been undermined over time, and their life chances have been affected, thereby making them most vulnerable to prostitution as a means of livelihood. The article concludes on socioeconomic constraints as the primary factors that push adolescent girls into prostitution in Nigeria, and these same factors are seen to influence their migration from one geographical location to another. The article recommends programs that will reduce the poverty level and unemployment trends among adolescent girls across a wide range of Nigerian societies. Drawing upon lessons learnt from the existing literature, there is an urgent need for collective social action through which more resources must be put in place to ameliorate the conditions of young girls at the interface of migration for greener pastures.
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Gemie, Sharif. "Institutional History, Social History, Women's History: A Comment on Patrick Harrigan's "Women Teachers and the Schooling of Girls in France"." French Historical Studies 22, no. 4 (1999): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/286760.
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Caperchione, Cristina M., Nicole Hargreaves, Catherine M. Sabiston, Stephen Berg, Kent C. Kowalski, and Leah J. Ferguson. "Exploring the Effectiveness of an Integrated Physical Activity and Psychosocial Program Targeting At-Risk Adolescent Girls: Protocol for the Girls United and on the Move (GUM) Intervention Study." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): e15302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15302.
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Background Adolescents are highly susceptible to negative self-perceptions, likely due to their social cues and environment. The presence of these negative self-perceptions has been shown to adversely impact levels of physical activity (PA). Although PA has the ability to foster improved self-perceptions, the rates of PA among adolescents continue to descend, with girls appearing to be most susceptible to these declines. At-risk adolescent girls, who may experience a number of negative preceding lifestyle conditions, may be exceptionally vulnerable to declines in PA. There are a high number of adolescent girls from low-income and abusive households in British Columbia, Canada, thus indicating a need for a program to relay the importance of PA and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Objective This paper aims to describe the protocol of the Girls United and on the Move (GUM) pragmatic intervention, an integrated PA and psychosocial program aimed at improving self-compassion, social connectedness, and overall self-perceptions among at-risk adolescent girls. Methods Using a quasi-experimental mixed methods approach, the GUM intervention was conducted in 5 schools in British Columbia, Canada. Adolescent girls aged 11 to 15 years who were identified as at risk were included in the study. The 9-week intervention, co-delivered by a PA/health promotion–trained researcher and a registered social worker, involved a PA component and a psychosocial component with evidence-based topics addressing the concerns of the adolescent girls. The following outcomes were evaluated: PA, self-compassion, social support, leader supportiveness, and sport enjoyment and commitment. Program acceptability and satisfaction was also examined. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline (week 1), week 6, and postintervention (week 9), and interview data concerning program acceptability and satisfaction were collected at postintervention from a subsample of participants. Results A total of 101 participants were invited to participate in the GUM intervention. Reporting of the results is projected for the fall of 2020. Conclusions It is anticipated that the GUM intervention will enhance PA while also improving self-compassion, social connectedness, and overall self-perceptions among at-risk adolescent girls. The findings of this research will contribute to the literature concerning PA and various psychosocial factors that impact the physical and mental health of at-risk adolescent girls. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03567200; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567200. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15302
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Schwan, Kaitlin, Erin Dej, and Alicia Versteegh. "Girls, Homelessness, and COVID-19." Girlhood Studies 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2020.130311.
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Equitable access to adequate housing has increasingly been recognized as a matter of life and death during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, there has been limited gendered analysis of how COVID-19 has shaped girls’ access to housing. In this article we analyze how the socio-economic exclusion of girls who are homeless is likely to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. We suggest that three structural inequities will deepen this exclusion: the disproportionate burden of poverty faced by women; the inequitible childcare responsibilities women bear; and the proliferation of violence against women. We argue for the development of a research agenda that can address the structural conditions that foster pathways into homelessness for low-income and marginalized girls in the context of COVID-19 and beyond.
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Chrzanowska, Maria, and Agnieszka Suder. "Thinness in a population of rural girls in Poland: 14-year changes and regional differentiation." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000063.
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AbstractWorldwide data indicate a growing number of energy homeostasis disorders, which are especially dangerous in childhood. The distribution and growing trends of overweight and obesity in children have been widely investigated, unlike the prevalence of too-low body weight and its determinants. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of body mass deficiency in Polish rural girls and differences among four Polish regions – Choszczno and Leszno in the north-west, and Ostrów Mazowiecka and Suwałki in the north-east. Data were taken from 7764 rural girls aged 9–18 years examined in 1987, when the country was in economic crisis, and 9431 such girls examined in 2001, when the country was undergoing political transformation. The frequency of weight deficiency was estimated based on BMI by applying the international standards of Cole. An Extent of Overweight (EOW) index was used to create an Extent of Thinness (EOT) index. A significant increase in weight deficiency was found in the rural girls – from 7.5% in 1987 to 8.9% in 2001 – and an increase in the EOT index from 0.37 in 1987 to 0.43 in 2001. Analysis by area of residence demonstrated significant differentiation. In the regions in north-west Poland, mainly inhabited by non-farming families, the prevalence of weight deficiency in girls almost doubled from 1987 to 2001, probably because of the mass and long-term unemployment that resulted from the closure of state farms in 1992. In contrast, in the north-east regions, the prevalence of weight deficiency remained almost unchanged over this period, with only a slight decrease, probably because the inhabitants were mainly farm and farm/working families with better living conditions. Despite the overall increase in thinness prevalence in rural girls in Poland, different living conditions have had different biological effects.
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Vоіtоvskа, Аllа. "BEYOND THE BINARY: HOW TEACHING CHILDREN ABOUT GENDER ASPECTS CAN HELP REDUCING THE LEVELS OF SEXISM." Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Modern School, no. 2(8) (October 27, 2022): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2706-6258.2(8).2022.268071.
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The article examines the sexist attitudes of teenagers from a sociological point of view. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the importance of teaching teenagers about gender issues in order to overcome sexism. It was found that there are differences in the approval of sexist attitudes depending on the social characteristics of adolescent boys and girls. It was found that the endorsement of sexist attitudes was less likely for girls who were not in a romantic relationship than for girls who were in a romantic relationship. Social characteristics are of particular importance in explaining differences in sexist attitudes in girls and boys. Gender equality education should start from the moment children enter school and continue throughout their education. Sexism is a normalizing ideology related to gender that devalues the attributes of women and the work that women do. By glorifying the qualities and achievements of men and demeaning women, sexism contributes to inequality between the sexes. Sexist social attitudes assert masculine norms and dictate what behavior is considered “normal” for both boys and girls. This dyad permeates all other social differences, including disability, determines the priority of interests in educational activities. Creating a gender-sensitive environment based on the idea of gender equality consists in avoiding sexism, overcoming existing gender stereotypes, forming the experience of a partnership between the sexes on an equal basis, minimizing facts of opposition based on gender, creating equal conditions and opportunities for realizing creative potential, opportunities for personal development of everyone a teenager. Parents are one of the earliest and most important socializers of gender ideas.
Keywords: training; education; gender; teenagers; sexism; gender equality; gender stereotypes; gender roles
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Hạnh, Duương Bích. "Contesting Marginality: Consumption, Networks, and Everyday Practice among Hmong Girls in Sa Pa, Northwestern Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 3, no. 3 (2008): 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2008.3.3.231.
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Using ethnographic data collected between 2000 and 2008, this article analyzes changes that have occurred in the lives of Hmong girls in Sa Pa, northwestern Vietnam, since they first came to Sa Pa Town to sell handicrafts and to work as tour guides close to a decade ago. Through in-depth analysis of living conditions and daily activities, the article shows how the girls use new forms of everyday practice, consumption patterns, and social networks to challenge the stereotypes imposed on them by Vietnamese society at large as marginalized yet romanticized Others.
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Makarenko, Ekaterina Igorevna, Irina Gennadievna Prokhorova, and Asem Hekimoglu Naushabaeva. "The specificity of adaptation of future engineers to pandemic conditions on labor market: A gender perspective." SHS Web of Conferences 125 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112502003.
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The paper is based on the advance studies of the adaptation of MADI students, future engineers, to the conditions of a forced pandemic associated with the COVID-19 virus. At the first stage of the study (spring 2020), using the content analysis method, the main directions of adaptation and the patterns of future engineers were identified: educational activity, social responsibility, social communication, financial constraints that arose during the period of a sharp change in learning activity, and also the specificity of changes in the place and living conditions, including moving to another region of Russia. At the second stage (spring 2021), using the semi-formalized interview method, a survey of students of the same technical university was conducted about the difficulties faced by boys and girls at the beginning of the pandemic, based on the previously identified directions of adaptation. The results of the study have shown a gender difference in understanding the difficulties of forced adaptation to the conditions of a modern pandemic: girls adapted better to school. The specificity of gender adaptation will help to predict the behavior of graduates of technical universities on labor market in the future.
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., Vidyasagar, and Kashmira Jilani. "A cross sectional study on school absenteeism among female adolescents during menstruation in the rural Jharkhand." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201988.
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Background: Girls especially during menstruation are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in schools, and this may contribute to unequal learning opportunities. For example, lack of adequate, separate private and secure toilets and washing facilities may discourage parents from sending girls to school. The objective of the study was to find the relation between wash facility and school absenteeism among the girls from a rural community of Jharkhand.Methods: Community based cross sectional study at the rural area among the school girls of classes 8 to 10. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used. Data entry at MS Excel and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0.Results: The mean age at menarche was 12.13 years. At school, separate wash area for girls was present in most of the cases 228 (61.1%). About 39 (9.9%) participants did not attend school during the menstrual days. Of this 29 (74%) believed that lack of separate wash at schools was a reason.Conclusions: Presence of separate wash area for girls at school was significantly (p-value<0.001) associated with good attendance during menstruations (96%).
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Groshev, I. V. "The characteristics of perception, awareness and formation of inner picture of disease in girls and boys." Sociology of Medicine 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2016-15-2-91-97.
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The article presents data of study of perception and awareness of disease in girls and boys. The children0specific characteristics of development of inner picture of disease are identified. The model of components of inner picture of disease of child is presented as system of factors of positive and negative impact. The structure of attitude to health is presented including cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. In ill children sexual and gender differences reaction to disease are established. These differences are manifested in that girls in a more adequate way perceive hospitalization, adapt faster to new life conditions and new life stereotype though they more often experience apprehension for future. The attributes of image of health and disease are described. In girls they are characterized by emotional attributes and in boys by instrumental activity and object-concrete attributes that condition their behavioral repertoire. In girls, the social aspect in damage of health is more significant than physiological one. In boys both aspects are of equal worth. The ideas of disease and their intellectual and emotional processing are more objective in girls. The particular issue of study became identification of intra0family relationships and relationship healthy/unhealthy children with parents and parents with children determined by specific of nosology of children. It is established that parental evaluation of attitudes to child depend on gender of parents and is related with sex of child that is related with social gender roles of males and females and not with their individual psychological characteristics. The reaction of parents to prognosis of disease passes several stages and at that behavior of mother and father differ. The mothers of ill children faster than fathers alter their attitude to developed situation and they play major role in maintaining hope for convalescence of children and assist them to adapt to new life conditions.
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Dymova, Ekaterina N. "Post-traumatic stress and psychological well-being of emotionally abused girls." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 27, no. 3 (December 23, 2021): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-3-134-139.
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The aim of the presented study was to analyse emotional abuse as a stressor of high intensity in a group (n = 52) of girls aged 17 to 25. The level of post-traumatic stress, satisfaction with social support, including emotional and instrumental support, and a sense of psychological well-being and its components in particular, were considered. It has been shown that a high level of post-traumatic stress is characterised by low indicators for the components of psychological well-being and dissatisfaction with social support. Differences in positive relationships with others, in environmental management, self-acceptance and psychological well-being in general were obtained between girls, who had experienced emotional violence, and those, who had had no such a life experience; among other things, the former are not satisfied with social support and they note lack of its instrumental component. Abused girls experience difficulties in managing everyday affairs, in choosing social conditions that would satisfy their life needs and values; they are characterised by rejection of themselves, self-doubt, sense of loneliness, isolation and frustration. In addition, they feel dissatisfied with the attention and understanding of others, and at the same time, they feel distrust of others and are somewhat closed to accepting support.
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Litvin, Fedor B., V. V. Dorofeev, V. Ya Zhigalo, I. V. Bykova, D. B. Nikityuk, and S. V. Klochkova. "SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE ENVIRONMENT." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-4-388-392.
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Introduction. The state of health and the level of physical development of modern youth is updated as the steady balance of environmental factors is disturbed. Issues of ecology and human survival are included in the line of priority world problems. The purpose of the study was a comparative study of the somatotypological features of boys and girls from different radioecological places of residence. Material and methods. The study involved 396 young men and 320 girls from radioecologically disadvantaged regions (REDR) of the Bryansk region and 970 young men and 962 girls from radio-ecologically safe regions, the age of cases varied from 17 to 22 years. There were determined following main somatometric indices: length and body weight, chest circumference (CC). There was calculated a Pignet index (PI), characterizing the strong-built and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Information was processed using the Statistika 6.0 application package. Results. According to the results of the work, the somatotypological features of the organism largely were shown to depend on the living conditions in which the genetic program of the individual’s development was installed. The calculated data showed the total dose of radiation during their stay in radioecologically to contaminate areas in the range from 35.7 mSv to 43.52 mSv. Low doses of radiation along with socio-economic factors influence the growth and development of the organism, which is manifested by a change in the number of boys and girls with “extreme” variants of somatotypes. In REDR the number of asthenics and hypersthenics increased by 2 times a decrease by 2 correspondingly. Boys have an increase in body weight, a decrease in CC, and presented short stature. Regardless of the somatotype, the index of body strength and BMI decreases. In girls, the number of asthenics increased by 1.4 times and the number of hypersthenics decreased by 1.5 times. The disharmony of development is manifested in an increase in body length with a decrease in CC. The weight varies in different directions. Body strength and BMI are reduced unidirectionally. In general, the dynamics of indices of physical development in girls indicates a more pronounced resistance of the female body to the effects of low doses of radiation. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that small doses of radiation along with other social and economic factors influence the level of metabolic processes in the growing organism of young men and women, which is accompanied by changes in the morphological characteristics that underlie the somatotypological features.
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Farnicka, Marzanna. "Emotional Regulation and Social Support as Conditions for Aggressor and Victim Experience in Early and Late Adolescence - Developmental Psychopathology Lenses." International Journal of Education and Practice 10, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/61.v10i4.3198.
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The aim of this research was to examine the hypothetical model of conditionings of adolescents to positive adaptation and to identify risk and protective factors for being victims or aggressors in interpersonal relation. In the research exploratory model adopted for the study, the following variables were considered: temperament; attachment; aggressiveness; social support; resilience; and previous victim or aggressor experiences. The study group comprised 779 adolescents (399 in early; 380 in late adolescence). Path analysis was used to examine the interrelationships and to identify the direct and indirect pathways. In early adolescence, main triggers for victim experiences were low resilience and aggressiveness, in girls, and aggressiveness and past victim experience in boys. For aggressor experiences there were low resilience and high sadness among girls, and sadness and aggressiveness, among boys. In late adolescence, the main triggers of victim experiences were previous victim experience and sadness (inhibited by classmate support and resilience) and for aggressor experiences, there were hostility, sadness and previous aggressor experience. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the potential preventive and therapeutic interventions require consideration of factors such as age, level of educational success, aggressiveness and social support.
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Starov, Mikhail I., Larisa A. Romanina, and Artem E. Baranovskiy. "Social and pedagogical conditions for the development of an athlete’s “self-belief” by a coach in situations of success and failure." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 1 (2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-1-135-146.
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We consider an urgent problem of the social and pedagogical conditions for the coach to develop self-belief in an athlete in his abilities and physical capabilities in situations of success and failure of his performances at competitions. The topic under consideration has been little developed and studied in scientific and methodic domestic and foreign sources that we analyzed. The purpose of the study is to determine the social and pedagogical conditions for the coach’s development of self-confidence in his pupils, both in case of successful and unsuccessful performances at competitions. The methodological foundations of the research are the personality-activity, subject-subjective, relational, axiological approaches. The following methods are used: analysis of sources on the problem raised, our own observations, interviews with coaches (men and women) and athletes (boys and girls), retrospective and mathematical methods. The use of the above methods made it possible to outline the social and pedagogical conditions for the upbringing of self-confidence in athletes in the sports activity of coaches. The structure of the athlete’s self-confidence and self-doubt and their signs are developed, on the basis of which it possible to determine the results of the social and educational work of the coach with the athlete and make adjustments in situations of success or failure of his performances at competitions. We use the opinions of coaches and athletes themselves about the impact of success or failure on the formation of athletes (girls and boys) “self-belief”, in their physical, biological, volitional abilities, capabilities and social and pedagogical conditions of their optimal use in training and during competitions. The revealed social and pedagogical conditions can be taken into account by coaches in the practice of sports and educational activities with athletes.
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Kopp, Svenny, and Christopher Gillberg. "Girls with social deficits and learning problems: Autism, atypical Asperger syndrome or a variant of these conditions." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (April 1992): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02091791.
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Bossenbroek, Rineke, Marlou Poppelaars, Daan H. M. Creemers, Yvonne Stikkelbroek, and Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff. "Trajectories of Symptom Change in School-Based Prevention Programs for Adolescent Girls with Subclinical Depression." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 51, no. 4 (February 3, 2022): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01578-5.
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AbstractEffectiveness research on depression prevention usually compares pre- to post-intervention outcomes across groups, but this aggregation across individuals may mask heterogeneity in symptom change trajectories. Hence, this study aimed to identify subgroups of adolescents with unique trajectories of change in a school-based depression prevention trial. It was also examined how trajectory membership was associated with the intervention conditions, depressive symptoms at 12-month follow-up, and baseline predictors. Hundred-ninety adolescent girls (Mage = 13.34; range = 11–16 years) with subclinical depression at screening (M = 57 days before pre-test) were allocated to four conditions: a face-to-face, group-based program (OVK), a computerized, individual program (SPARX), OVK and SPARX combined, and a monitoring control condition. Growth Mixture Modeling was used to identify the distinct trajectories during the intervention period using weekly depressive symptom assessments from pre-test to post-test. Analyses revealed three trajectories of change in the full sample: Moderate-Declining (62.1% of the sample), High-Persistent (31.1%), and Deteriorating-Declining (6.8%) trajectories. Trajectories were unrelated to the intervention conditions and the High-Persistent trajectory had worse outcomes at follow-up. Several baseline factors (depression severity, age, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, and self-efficacy) enabled discrimination between trajectories. It is concluded that information about likely trajectory membership may enable (school) clinicians to predict an individual’s intervention response and timely adjust and tailor intervention strategies as needed.
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Siregar, Sawaluddin. "Persepsi Orangtua Tentang Pendidikan Tinggi Bagi Anak Perempuan Di Desa Simatorkis Kec. Dolok Kab. Padanglawas Utara." Jurnal Kajian Gender dan Anak 2, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/gender.v2i2.2175.
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This study is an attempt to find out the perceptions of parents about higher education for girls in the village of Simatorkis, Kec. Dolok Kab. Padanglawas North. The question the author wants to pursue is the perception of parents in providing higher education opportunities to their daughters. After systematic research, it can be seen that parents' perceptions of higher education for their daughters are as follows: Higher education is important for girls to be able to compete with an increasingly modern era, to be successful people, knowledgeable and well-known in society that will become proud. Factors that hinder higher education for girls in Simatorkis village are social culture, economic conditions, psychological factors. Reasons and considerations of parents providing opportunities for higher education for their children is the desire to change their destiny, and awareness of parents who think that higher education is important for boys and girls without having to make a difference
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Landry, Yves. "Fertility in France and New France: The Distinguishing Characteristics of Canadian Behavior in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Social Science History 17, no. 4 (1993): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016928.
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Like american historians of the colonial period, historians of New France did not neglect, especially in the first half of the twentieth century, the problem of differentiation between the inhabitants of the New World and the metropolitans from whom they descended. It is thought that with the decline in French immigration after 1675 and the rapid Canadianization of the population, the relative isolation of the colony favored the creation of a particular type of French people, whose originality was reflected in such domains as physique, character, language, military strategy, and so forth. Was demographic behavior one of these particularities, or even oppositions, as the French officer de Bougainville noted in 1756: “It seems that we are a different nation, even an enemy” (Filteau 1978 [1937]: 252)? More specifically, how did reproductive behavior adapt to the living conditions prevalent in the St. Lawrence valley during the first century of European settlement?
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Musizvingoza, Ronald, Jonathan Blagbrough, and Nicola Suyin Pocock. "Are Child Domestic Workers Worse Off than Their Peers? Comparing Children in Domestic Work, Child Marriage, and Kinship Care with Biological Children of Household Heads: Evidence from Zimbabwe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127405.
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Child domestic work is a hidden form of child labour driven by poverty and social norms. However, little is known about the situations of child domestic workers. This study aims to describe and analyse gender-specific working conditions, health, and educational outcomes among hidden child domestic workers (CDWs) living in third-party homes relative to married children, biological children, and other children in kinship care. Data from the 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) were analysed. Descriptive statistics and bivariable logistic regression were used to describe frequency and estimated prevalence. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) were used to identify exposures and inform the selection of covariates. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the effect of each exposure variable. The prevalence of CDWs was 1.5% and CDWs were mainly girls and living in much wealthier households with more educated household heads while married girls were living in much poorer households. When compared among girls themselves, being a CDW was significantly associated with having a functional disability, while married girls were more frequently engaged in hazardous working conditions. We provide the first intersectional analysis comparing work, violence, and health outcomes among CDWs, married children and other children. Child protection measures are needed to safeguard children in domestic work and marriages.
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Harrington, Elizabeth K., Edinah Casmir, Peninah Kithao, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart, Alison L. Drake, Jennifer A. Unger, and Kenneth Ngure. "“Spoiled” girls: Understanding social influences on adolescent contraceptive decision-making in Kenya." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e0255954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255954.
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Objectives Despite significant public health emphasis on unintended pregnancy prevention among adolescent girls and young women in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a gap in understanding how adolescents’ own reproductive priorities and the social influences on their decision-making align and compete. We examined the social context of contraceptive decision-making among Kenyan female adolescents. Methods Using community-based sampling, we conducted 40 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions among sexually-active or partnered adolescent girls and young women aged 15–19 in the Nyanza region of Kenya. We analyzed the data in Dedoose using an inductive, grounded theory approach, and developed a conceptual model from the data illustrating social influences on adolescent contraceptive decision-making. Results Participants viewed adolescent pregnancy as unacceptable, and described severe social, financial, and health consequences of unintended pregnancy, including abortion under unsafe conditions. Yet, their contraceptive behaviors often did not reflect their desire to delay pregnancy. Contraceptive decision-making was influenced by multiple social factors, centering on the intersecting stigmas of adolescent female sexuality, pregnancy, and contraceptive use, as well as unequal power in sexual relationships. To prioritize pregnancy prevention, adolescents must navigate conflicting social norms and power dynamics, and put their perceived future fertility at risk. Conclusions Contraceptive decision-making among Kenyan female adolescents is strongly influenced by opposing social norms within families, communities, and sexual relationships, which compel them to risk stigma whether they use a contraceptive method or become pregnant as adolescents. These findings put into perspective adolescents’ seemingly incongruent pregnancy preferences and contraceptive behaviors. Interventions to address adolescent unintended pregnancy should focus on supporting adolescent decision-making agency, addressing fertility-related contraceptive concerns, and promoting innovative contraceptive access points rather than increasing contraceptive prevalence.
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Strel'tsova, Y. "Immigrants’ Integration under Conditions of Economic Crisis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-55-68.
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This article has considered the main trends of integration: economic one – “trough the work” and by means of social, educational, municipal and citizenship policy in European countries, first of all in France, and in Russia. The attention has been paid on contradictions, which are typical for searching an integration model in modern Russia. This article illustrates the main difficulties of immigrants’ adaptation in European countries, as a result of liberal migratory policy and multicultural model of newcomers’ integration.
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Corburn, Jason, and Chantal Hildebrand. "Slum Sanitation and the Social Determinants of Women’s Health in Nairobi, Kenya." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/209505.
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Inadequate urban sanitation disproportionately impacts the social determinants of women’s health in informal settlements or slums. The impacts on women’s health include infectious and chronic illnesses, violence, food contamination and malnutrition, economic and educational attainment, and indignity. We used household survey data to report on self-rated health and sociodemographic, housing, and infrastructure conditions in the Mathare informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. We combined quantitative survey and mapping data with qualitative focus group information to better understand the relationships between environmental sanitation and the social determinants of women and girls’ health in the Mathare slum. We find that an average of eighty-five households in Mathare share one toilet, only 15% of households have access to a private toilet, and the average distance to a public toilet is over 52 meters. Eighty-three percent of households without a private toilet report poor health. Mathare women report violence (68%), respiratory illness/cough (46%), diabetes (33%), and diarrhea (30%) as the most frequent physical burdens. Inadequate, unsafe, and unhygienic sanitation results in multiple and overlapping health, economic, and social impacts that disproportionately impact women and girls living in urban informal settlements.
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Mellick, William, Carla Sharp, and Monique Ernst. "Depressive Adolescent Girls Exhibit Atypical Social Decision-Making in an Iterative Trust Game." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 3 (March 2019): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.3.224.
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Introduction: Interpersonal trust behavior is an important target for the identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders with interpersonal dysfunction. Adolescent depression is a highly interpersonal disorder marked by impaired social interactions. However, trust has received little empirical attention. The examination of reward-related decision-making using behavioral economic methods is a relatively novel approach for studying trust in adolescent depression. The present study employed a modified trust game to examine whether depressive adolescents exhibited perturbed reward-related decision-making in social and/or nonsocial contexts. Methods: One hundred and thirty adolescent girls (65 depressive, 65 healthy comparisons) played a modified trust game under two conditions, interpersonal risk-taking (trust) and general risk-taking (lottery), and completed self-report psychopathology measures. Results: Three-way repeated measures ANCOVA analyses revealed a significant group × game interaction such that while the depressive group invested more across trials in the trust game they invested similarly to healthy comparisons in the lottery condition. Discussion: Findings highlight the interpersonal nature of adolescent depression. Future research may help determine whether increased trust behavior is characteristic of depression in adolescent girls. Behavioral economic games, like the trust game, may serve as valuable therapeutic tools for improving social interaction style among depressive adolescents.
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Kaur, Maninder, and Tanya Vats. "Menstrual awareness, hygiene, practices and perceptions among the adolescent girls of Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200982.
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Background: Onset of first menstrual cycle also termed as “menarche” signifies the initiation of sexual maturation of girls. The present study aims to represent an amalgam of menstrual awareness, perceptions and hygiene in light of the associated menstrual practices prevalent in the adolescence girls of Nahan.Methods: A cross-sectional data of 189 girls aged between 10 to 16 years were collected from Nahan, district Sirmaur in Himachal Pradesh. Data regarding perceptions, awareness and hygienic conditions during menstruation were also gathered through an interview based schedule.Results: Menarche was known to be a normal physiological process by only 53.43% girls, while the rest of the participants didn’t know the reason for its occurrence. For 81.2% girls the informant was their mother and a very little role was played by sisters (5.36%), books (0.67%), friends (6.04%) and relatives (5.36%). Most of the girls (95.28%) used sanitary napkin as absorbent for menstrual flow, but the use of single sanitary napkin for 7 to 8 hours by 48% participants was of alarming concern. Stomachache was the most common problem associated with menarche, whereas breast heaviness (16.98%), body ache (16.03%) and backache (26.41%) were witnessed in considerable proportion of girls. A significant number of girls (78.3%) were prohibited from entering in the holy places/temples during this period.Conclusions: Although menarcheal health is acquiring greater significance across the globe, but the age old social restrictive practices associated with menstruation are still common and prevalent in this societies.
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Garcia-Ramirez, Manuel, Belen Soto-Ponce, María J. Albar-Marín, Daniel La Parra-Casado, Dena Popova, and Raluca Tomsa. "RoMoMatteR: Empowering Roma Girls’ Mattering through Reproductive Justice." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228498.
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Aim: To present a protocol study directed at tackling gender discrimination against Roma girls by empowering their mattering so they can envision their own futures and choose motherhood only if—and when—they are ready. Background: Motherhood among Roma girls (RGM) in Europe impoverishes their lives, puts them at risk of poor physical and mental health and precipitates school dropouts. Overwhelming evidence affirms that the conditions of poverty and the social exclusionary processes they suffer have a very important explanatory weight in their sexual and reproductive decisions. Methods: Through a Community-based Participatory Action Research design, 20–25 Roma girls will be recruited in each one of the four impoverished communities in Bulgaria, Romania and Spain. Data collection and analysis: Desk review about scientific evidences and policies will be carried out to frame the problem. Narratives of Roma women as well as baseline and end line interviews of girl participants will be collected through both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitative data will be gathered through reliable scales of mattering, socio–political agency, satisfaction with life and self. A narrative analysis of the qualitative information generated in the interviews will be carried out. Expected results: (1) uncover contextual and psychosocial patterns of girl-motherhood among Roma women; (2) build critical thinking among Roma girls to actively participate in all decisions affecting them and advocate for their own gender rights within their communities; and (3) empower Roma girls and their significant adults to critically evaluate their own initiatives and provide feedback to their relevant stakeholders. Conclusions: Roma girls will improve their educational aspirations and achievements and their social status while respecting and enhancing Roma values.
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Fogg-Rogers, Laura, and Laura Hobbs. "Catch 22 — improving visibility of women in science and engineering for both recruitment and retention." Journal of Science Communication 18, no. 04 (September 30, 2019): C05. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.18040305.
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There is a significant under-representation of women in STEM which is damaging societal progress for democratic, utilitarian, and equity reasons. However, changing stereotypes in STEM requires a solution denied by the problem — more visible female role models. Science communicators are critical to curate the conditions to bypass this Catch 22. We propose that enhancing self-efficacy for female scientists and engineers to mentor others will generate more supportive workplaces. Similarly, enhancing self-efficacy for public engagement improves the visibility of diverse female role models for young girls. These social connections will ultimately improve the science capital of girls and other minorities in STEM.
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MATUSIK, STANISŁAW, TERESA ŁASKA-MIERZEJEWSKA, and MARIA CHRZANOWSKA. "SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF MENARCHE IN RURAL POLISH GIRLS USING THE DECISION TREES METHOD." Journal of Biosocial Science 43, no. 3 (January 7, 2011): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932010000672.
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SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the decision trees method as a research method of multidimensional associations between menarche and socioeconomic variables. The article is based on data collected from the rural area of Choszczno in the West Pomerania district of Poland between 1987 and 2001. Girls were asked about the appearance of first menstruation (a yes/no method). The average menarchal age was estimated by the probit analysis method, using second grade polynomials. The socioeconomic status of the girls' families was determined using five qualitative variables: fathers' and mothers' educational level, source of income, household appliances and the number of children in a family. For classification based on five socioeconomic variables, one of the most effective algorithms CART (Classification and Regression Trees) was used. In 2001 the menarchal age in 66% of examined girls was properly classified, while a higher efficiency of 70% was obtained for girls examined in 1987. The decision trees method enabled the definition of the hierarchy of socioeconomic variables influencing girls' biological development level. The strongest discriminatory power was attributed to the number of children in a family, and the mother's and then father's educational level. Using this method it is possible to detect differences in strength of socioeconomic variables associated with girls' pubescence before 1987 and after 2001 during the transformation of the economic and political systems in Poland. However, the decision trees method is infrequently applied in social sciences and constitutes a novelty; this article proves its usefulness in examining relations between biological processes and a population's living conditions.
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Strebkova, Julia. "GARRANTEENG THE SAFETY OF WOMEN AND GIRLS UNDER CONDITIONS OF ARMED CONFLICT." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 25 (2019): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.25.18.
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It has been shown that in recent years in Ukraine the pressure of religious organizations on the legislative and executive authorities has increased and information campaigns and projects of anti-gender and anti-Ukrainian trends have been implemented. The author analyzed how in the regions staying under Russian informational pressure the religious fundamentalism shows the potential of development develop into religious extremism. It has been demonstrated that in Ukraine the gender aspects of security are not well-developed and are heavily influenced by religion. It has been shown that the lack of high-quality gender analytics significantly complicates the forecasting of social processes. The article deals with the question how religious fundamentalism manipulates women's security issues in favor of religious interests. It is noted that the pressure of pro-religious anti-gender movements on the authorities in Ukraine can lead to negative consequences, and that the establishment of a state policy based on religious perceptions of the world can threaten the country's internal security. It was concluded that in times of conflict, religious extremism does not recognize the rule of human rights and proclaims the primacy of religious customs over women's human rights. It is proved that, considering direct conflict with Russia, the spread of religious fundamentalism in Ukraine and the spread of structural gender violence will be relevant and require the immediate development of gender and biopolitical aspects of security. It was concluded that for the progressive democratic development of Ukraine, as well as safe living conditions and the well-being of its citizens, the security services should turn to gender analytics. It has been proven that, in order to protect their interests, religious leaders can initiate a departure from state-guaranteed compliance with international agreements on gender equality in all spheres of life. In this regard, Ukraine's implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 1325 on Women, Peace, Security and the similar resolutions as well as Recommendations of the UN Committee on the Status of Women for Countries that have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other UN instruments is important for Ukraine. Also important are the country's European commitments in the field of gender equality. In particular, the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) needs to be ratified.
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BLELL, MWENZA, TESSA M. POLLARD, and MARK S. PEARCE. "PREDICTORS OF AGE AT MENARCHE IN THE NEWCASTLE THOUSAND FAMILIES STUDY." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 4 (July 2008): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002696.
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SummarySeveral studies have found relationships between early life factors (birth weight, length of gestation, height, weight, duration of breast-feeding, maternal age, social class, periods of infection, presence of adverse life events, and quality of housing conditions in childhood) and age at menarche but none has considered all of these factors in the same study. The follow-up study of the Newcastle Thousand Families birth cohort, established in 1947, provided age at menarche data collected retrospectively at age 50 from 276 women who returned self-completion questionnaires in 1997. Three main independent associations were observed: girls who experienced a shorter gestation, girls whose mothers were younger when they were born, and girls who were heavier at age 9 had earlier menarche. Birth weight, standardized for gestational age, was found to have different relationships with age at menarche depending upon how heavy or light a girl was at age 9. The results of this study support the hypotheses that conditions in fetal and early life are associated with the timing of menarche and that greater childhood growth is associated with earlier menarche. It is suggested that future work should focus on illuminating the mechanisms underlying these statistical relationships.
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B, Jalaluddin. "UNDER-AGE MARRIAGE: ASSERTING 'BAPAK'S DOMINATION OVER GIRLS FROM TRADITIONAL SETTING TO PATRIARCHY." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 15, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v15i1.2243.
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According to the public, under-age marriage was a social matter that was contrary to social norms. However, it did not happen to the people of Kasisang's belief in Bantaeng Regency. The legacy of tradition, it was they thought about the under-age marriage which needed to be preserved. This study focused on the social-economic conditions and patriarchal culture behind the tradition. This study used the qualitative method with Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist phenomenological approach as the unit of data analysis by in-depth interview technique and analysis of document to gain crucial information. The technique analysis data by Colaizzi was used to analyze data founding. The results of this study proved that the tradition had long been a social-economic institution of the community there. Reducing promiscuity and economic affairs were the main motivation of this tradition. In addition, this tradition also legalized patriarchal culture which got Structured, Massive, and Systematic support (SMS) from social institutions, so that the culture was naturally well carried out. Considering all these things, the re-consistency and firmness of each regional institution needed to be performed with careful, coordinated, and full of commitment, so that it could confine the mobility of the tradition besides doing socialization and providing adequate employment opportunities for the community there in advance.