Journal articles on the topic 'Giovanni Mauro'

U radu su predstavljene neke temeljne ideje đenoveškog pravnog realizma, smjera u teoriji prava koji se javlja u drugoj polovici 20. st. u Italiji, te njegovi najistaknutiji predstavnici. Cilj je rada ukazati na relevantnost nekih ideja talijanske teorije prava za hrvatsku pravnu znanost te njihove praktične implikacije. Strukturno, u radu su prvo izložena obilježja pravnog realizma općenito (skandinavskog i američkog), a potom i obilježja đenoveškog pravnog realizma kao jedne njegove varijante. Predstavnici škole o kojima se u radu govori su Giovanni Tarello, Riccardo Guastini, Paolo Comanducci, Mauro Barberis, Pierluigi Chiassoni i Giovanni Battista Ratti, a u radu se razmatra sljedeće: ideja o središnjoj ulozi tumačenja i višeznačnosti samog pojma; popis od 15 interpretativnih argumenata koji može (ili bi trebao) služiti kao svojevrstan alat tumačima; karakteristike pravila i načela (kao dviju vrsta normi) i njihovo razlikovanje; tumačenje i način primjene ustavnih načela; implicitne (prešutne) norme; antinomije i načini rješavanja sukoba koji nastanu između samih kriterija za rješavanje antinomija; primjena logike u pravu kroz primjenu teorije skupova na pravo te pojam otklonjivosti (derogabilnosti).

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Rome Trial is a randomized phase II trial (NCT04591431). The aim is to evaluate efficacy and safety of a tailored treatment (TT) compared to standard of care (SoC) in patients with solid tumors. Here we report the preliminary results of the molecular alterations, microsatellite status (MS) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) cohort. METHODS: MBC patients who received at least 1 and no more than 2 systemic treatments were enrolled. Tissue samples were collected within 6 months from the screening. Centralized Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed on both tissue and liquid biopsy. Molecular alterations were evaluated by the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) using COSMIC, ClinVar, OncoKB and VarSome datasets. Genes with at least 10% frequency of mutation, MS and TMB are reported. RESULTS: From Oct 2020 to June 2022, 980 pts with solid tumors were enrolled. Complete screening mutational data are available for sixty-two pts from the mBC cohort (63% HR+/HER2-, 35% triple negative, 2% HR-/HER2+). NGS was available both on tissue and liquid biopsy in 48 (77%) pts, 14 had only liquid biopsy available due to tissue test failure. 328 genes resulted altered with a median of 7 alteration per pts (0-31). Some pathways were frequently altered: PIK3CA/AKT/MTOR (60%), TP53 (60%), Cell cycle/cycline (35%), FGF/FGFR (26%), BRCA1/2 (17%). The most frequent altered genes were: TP53 (61%), PIK3CA (50%), ESR1 (27%), CCND1 (27%), FGF19 (24%), FGF3 (24%), FGF4 (22%), MYC (22%), FGFR1 (21%), PTEN (21%), EMSY (16%), RB1 (14%), RAD21 (14%), TET2 (13%), BRCA2 (11%), GATA3 (11%), KRAS (10%). No pts with MSI status were reported. Eight (13%) had a high TMB (>10) and the overall median TMB was 5.5 (0-24). Median TMB was similar in tissue and liquid samples (5 and 5.3 mut/mb, p= 0.8). Actionable mutations were detected in 34 pts (54%). Twenty-eight (45%) pts were assigned to a specific TT after the MTB discussion: ipatasertib (16), pemigatinib (5), ipilimumab plus nivolumab (4), lapatinib plus trastuzumab, TDM1 and everolimus (1). MTB requested a germline test for 6 pts: 4 were confirmed (66%; 2 BRCA, 1 PALB2, 1 BRIP1). CONCLUSIONS: The extensive NGS analysis performed in the ROME trial shown that several pathways are commonly mutated in mBC, with target drug potentially available. About 15% of pts had a high TMB but MSI is confirmed as a rare event in breast cancer. Germline mutations have been identified in patients with no prior indication for germline testing. Citation Format: Andrea Botticelli, Simone Scagnoli, Pierfranco Conte, Chiara Cremolini, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Federico Cappuzzo, Massimo Aglietta, Federica Mazzuca, Ettore Capoluongo, Giovanni Blandino, Umberto Malapelle, Marianna Nuti, Giulia D’Amati, Bruna Cerbelli, Giancarlo Pruneri, Mauro Biffoni, Giuseppe Giannini, Francesco Cognetti, Giuseppe Curigliano, Paolo Marchetti. Mutational landscape of breast cancer patients in ROME trial: preliminary results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-09.

Uno dei più importanti risultati del processo di integrazione europea è la costruzione di uno spazio transnazionale in cui i cittadini europei possono muoversi liberamente. La mobilità favorisce dinamiche di europeizzazione dal basso –o di europeizzazione orizzontale–, e lo sviluppo di pratiche cross-nazionali e amplia le risorse individuali e relazionali a disposizione dei giovani per progettare i propri percorsi professionali e di vita. La Generazione Erasmus definisce giovani socializzati a un humus culturale transnazionale e fortemente identificati con l’Europa. Nell’attuale contesto di crisi economica, a sperimentare la mobilità sono sempre più i giovani altamente qualificati dei paesi dell’Europa del sud, quale strategia individuale cui ricorrere per trovare risposta ai problemi connessi alla precarietà, alla disoccupazione, alla sotto-qualificazione degli impieghi. Il risultato è che la mobilità può assumere il volto di un obbligo, più che di una scelta e, più che dinamiche di europeizzazione orizzontale, può favorire una “fuga dei cervelli” dai paesi del sud ai paesi del centro e del nord Europa. L’articolo, focalizzandosi sui giovani italiani e spagnoli, si chiede cosa succede quando la Generazione Erasmus incontra la Generazione Precaria, analizzando cause ed effetti della mobilità, sul piano micro e macro sociale e sul piano politico.

Siamo abituati che il pensiero teologico di san Tommaso d’Aquino viene presentato secondo la sua più famosa e più matura opera, cioè La Summa Theologiae, il che fa sì che non conosciamo il suo pensiero, altrettanto maturo, valido e interessante, contenuto nelle sue altre opere, soprattutto quelle esegetiche. L’Aquinate infatti, essendo magister in Sacra Pagina, non ha mai insegnato la sua Summa di Teologia, matutta la sua attività accademica era dedicata e concentrata sulla spiegazione-esegesi della Sacra Scrittura. Perciò questo studio ha per scopo presentare la dottrina della generazione del Figlio dal Padre, che troviamo nel suo commento al Sal 2,7 e nei commenti dei testi paralleli di Eb 1,5 e 5,5; con riferimenti al commento del Vangelo di Giovanni.

In questo articolo analizziamo il processo di transizione alla vita adulta, in particolare il raggiungimento dell'autonomia di giovani che vivono una situazione d'insicurezza lavorativa, in tre diversi contesti istituzionali di tre paesi europei: Germania, Italia, Polonia. I paesi coinvolti nello studio rappresentano diversi regimi di welfare in Europa (Esping-Andersen, 1990, 2000): quello familistico del Sud Europa (Italia), quello conservatore-corporativo (Germania) e quello ibrido post-comunista (Kazepov e Carbone, 2018) dell'Europa orientale (Polonia). Diventare adulto mette, infatti, in campo elementi macro, quali i riferimenti culturali e istituzionali, risorse meso, le relazioni sociali e familiari, e micro, legate alla capacità di attivare risorse personali per affrontare l'incertezza lavorativa ed economica. Nell'articolo i tre livelli di analisi sono ricostruiti e messi in relazione attraverso una metodologia qualitativa comparativa che collega il contesto macro istituzionale a dati micro-qualitativi per individuare i meccanismi sociali.

Abstract Introduction: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) are the standard first-line treatment for patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer (HR+/HER2- aBC). HER2-low BC, which is defined by an IHC score for HER2 of 1+ or 2+ with negative ISH assay, accounts for more than half of all HR+/HER2- aBC cases, and it is associated with remarkable clinical benefit from the novel anti-HER2 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-deruxtecan. Evidence on the prognostic impact of HER2-low status is controversial in both limited-stage and advanced BC. Here, we sought to investigate the possible prognostic relevance of HER2-low status in a population of aBC patients treated with CDK4/6i plus ET. Methods: We conducted a retrospective-prospective study in six Italian Cancer Centers to investigate the impact of HER2 status (low vs. 0) on the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of consecutive HR+/HER2- aBC patients treated with CDK4/6i plus ET (aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant) as a first-line therapy. In the main study analysis, we considered HER2 status in the last tumor assessment (i.e., primary tumor, or, when available, a metastatic lesion). We also performed a subgroup analysis including only patients with HER2 status evaluation in a metastatic lesion collected before CDK4/6i plus ET therapy initiation. The association between HER2 status (low vs. 0) and PFS or OS was evaluated using log-rank test and Cox regression modeling. Results: We evaluated 767 consecutive HR+/HER2- aBC patients treated with CDK4/6i plus ET between January 2017 and January 2022. Of these, 436 patients (56.8%) received CDK4/6i plus ET as a first-line therapy, and they were included in this analysis. Median age was 63 years (range 27-87), and 362 patients (83.0%) were postmenopausal. The majority of patients were treated with palbociclib (68.3%), while 91 (20.9%) and 47 (10.8%) patients received ribociclib and abemaciclib, respectively. Regarding HER2 status, 269 (62.9%) patients had HER2-low tumors, while 159 (37.1%) patients had HER2-0 neoplasms. HER2-low status was associated with significantly lower PFS when compared to HER2-0 status [median PFS (mPFS) 23.6 vs. 32.3 months, respectively; p=0.014]. HER2-low status was also associated with significantly worse OS (mOS 48.7 vs 58.3 months, respectively; p=0.025). These results were confirmed in multivariable models adjusting the impact of HER2 status for clinically-relevant covariates, namely estrogen receptor status, Ki-67, age, number of metastatic sites, presence of liver metastases, disease free interval, ECOG Performance Status. In this analysis, HER2-low status, compared with HER2-0 status, was independently associated with worse PFS [adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-2.24; p< 0.01] and OS (aHR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.09-2.76; p=0.019). Subgroup analysis conducted in the subset of 256 patients with available metastatic tumor samples collected before CDK4/6i plus ET initiation confirmed that HER2-low status (n=157), when compared to HER2-0 status (n=99), was independently associated with worse PFS (mPFS 24.5 vs 35.2 months, p=0.01; aHR 2.07; 95% CI: 1.28-3.34, p< 0.01) and worse OS (mPFS 48.7 vs 72.3 months, p=0.027; aHR 3.12; 95% CI 1.44-6.77, p< 0.01). Conclusions: This multicenter Italian study revealed that HER2-low status has independent, negative prognostic value in patients with HR+/HER2- aBC treated with CDK4/6i plus ET in the first-line setting. Our results suggest that HER2-low status might be associated with different clinical benefit from standard anticancer therapies in specific clinical settings. The definition of treatment algorithms also taking into account HER2 status is a clinical priority in patients with HR+/HER2- aBC. Citation Format: Emma Zattarin, Caterina Sposetti, Rita Leporati, Luigi Mariani, Alice Menichetti, Chiara Corti, Chiara Benvenuti, Giovanni Fucà, Riccardo Lobefaro, Francesca Ligorio, Daniele Presti, Leonardo Provenzano, Andrea Vingiani, Gaia Griguolo, Marianna Sirico, Ottavia Bernocchi, Antonio Marra, Paola Zagami, Elisa Agostinetto, Flavia Jacobs, Pierluigi Di Mauro, Andrea Esposito, Carlo Alberto Giorgi, Luca Lalli, Laura Boldrini, Pier Paolo Maria Berton Giachetti, Ambra Carnevale Schianca, Valentina Guarneri, Rebecca Pedersini, Agnese Losurdo, Alberto Zambelli, Daniele Giulio Generali, Giuseppe Curigliano, Giancarlo Pruneri, Filippo de Braud, Maria Vittoria Dieci, Claudio Vernieri. HER2-02 HER2-Low Status is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Treated With First-Line Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors Plus Endocrine Therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr HER2-02.

Il pensiero teologico di san Tommaso d’Aquino viene quasi sempre presentato secondo la sua opera più matura, cioè la Summa Theologiae, perciò spesso non conosciamo il suo pensiero, altrettanto maturo, importante e valido, contenuto nelle altre opere, soprattutto in quelle esegetiche, visto che egli non ha mai insegnato la Summa, ma, essendo magister in Sacra Pagina, durante le lezioni in classe commentava la Bibbia. In questo studio presenteremo lo sviluppo storico del pensiero teologico-biblico dell’Aquinate circa la causalità trinitaria nella creazione, cominciando dalla Somma di Teologia, per passare ai commenti al Vangelo di Giovanni e quello al Corpus Paulinum. Per evitare il freddo intellettualismo in cui si potrebbe cadere nell’esposizione sistematica della dottrina di san Tommaso, presenteremo il suo pensiero teologico-biblico sulla causalità trinitaria nella creazione, riportando le lectiones sui rispettivi testi biblici, confrontandole con l’esegesi odierna (solo alcuni autori), per dimostrare la ricchezza e la chiarezza del suo pensiero.

O presente artigo pretende investigar a relação entre paisagem e memória no romance I Vecchi e i Giovani, de Luigi Pirandello, e como essa interação se relaciona com o sujeito siciliano, analisando os casos dos personagens Mauro Mortara e Dom Ippolito Laurentano. Antes de chegar a esse ponto da discussão, no entanto, serão realizadas análises da poesia árabe-siciliana de Ibn Ḥamdîs, poeta que precisou partir para o exílio quando a Sicília fora reconquistada pelos europeus e que sobre a ilha escreveu versos cheios de nostalgia e sofrimento. A intenção aqui é restituir Ḥamdîs ao seu devido lugar dentro da literatura siciliana/italiana e observar conexões entre a sua poesia e o romance de Pirandello. Entendendo que a paisagem siciliana é resultado de uma sedimentação histórico-cultural milenar e o siciliano um sujeito nostálgico, a sua ligação com a própria terra será paradoxal: ora de apego exacerbado, ora de repulsa, relembrando aquilo que o poeta latino Ovídio imortalizara nos versos Nec sine te nec tecum vivere possum [Nem contigo, nem sem ti posso viver].

Abstract The majority of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) are mismatch repair (MMR) proficient (MMRp) and unresponsive to immunotherapy, while MMR deficient (MMRd) tumors often respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We previously reported that treatment of CRC preclinical models with temozolomide (TMZ) leads to MMR deficiency, increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) and, sensitization to immunotherapy. To clinically translate these findings, we designed the ARETHUSA clinical trial whereby O6-Methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) deficient, MMR proficient and KRAS mutant mCRC patients receive priming therapy with TMZ. Analysis of solid tissue biopsies and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) obtained after TMZ treatment revealed the emergence of TMZ mutational signature, alterations in MMR genes and increased TMB in 14 out of 16 patients. Genetic mutations induced by TMZ were dose-dependent and multiple alterations in the nucleotide context favored by the TMZ signature emerged in MMR genes such as the MSH6 T1219I variant which was detected in ctDNA and tissue of 13/14 (93%) of the cases. A subset of the patients whose tumors after TMZ priming displayed the MSH6 mutation, the TMZ mutational signature and increased TMB, achieved disease stabilization upon pembrolizumab treatment. Overall, we provide proof-of-concept that treatment of MGMT deficient/MMR proficient KRAS mutant mCRCs with TMZ can be tracked by mutational signature analysis and lead to inactivation of the MMR pathway, emergence of the TMZ mutational signature, TMB increase, and, in some cases, to disease stabilization during ICB. Citation Format: Giovanni Crisafulli, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Luca Lazzari, Filippo Pietrantonio, Alessio Amatu, Marco Macagno, Ludovic Barault, Andrea Cassingena, Alice Bartolini, Paolo Luraghi, Gianluca Mauri, Paolo Battuello, Nicola Personemi, Valeria Pessei, Pietro Paolo Vitiello, Federica Tosi, Laura Idotta, Emanuele Valtorta, Emanuela Bonoldi, Giovanni Germano, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Silvia Marsoni, Salvatore Siena, Alberto Bardelli. Emergence of tumor mismatch repair deficiency and increased mutational burden in blood and tissue of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with temozolomide [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6262.

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title Muscular movement is the result of fibre shortening. How did this basic insight arise? Based on several of his observations, Nicolaus Steno in 1664 and 1667 proposed that muscles shorten when fibres shorten, and that skeletal musdes consist of uniform motor fibres layered as pennate structures. The basis for a new myology was provided in a geometrical model of the movement of the muscles. But fibre shortening was incompatible with the dominant ancient theory of contraction by inflation that was favoured by Descartes and by Steno's contemporaries William Croone, Thomas Willis, John Mayow, and Giovanni Borelli due to their adherence to the Aristotelian axiom: "Anything which moves is moved by something else". The inflation theory blindfolded researchers well into the eighteenth century for skeletal and heart muscles. When the shortening of motor fibres was eventually visualised by microscopy, this inflation theory was no longer tenable. Steno's structural daim on skeletal muscles was also rejected by Borelli and by later commentators. Pennate musdes were only rarely displayed until 1981 when macro-anatomical studies showed the morphology of most skeletal musdes to be similar to that described by Steno. Steno's proposals on muscles have since become a commonplace in computer models applied in the study of human and animal motion.

L'Agenda 2030 dell'Onu ha individuato 17 macro-obiettivi per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile basati sui diritti, sull'equità e sul genere. Due tra gli obiettivi fissati, con i relativi indicatori, prevedono che venga garantito l'accesso universale alla salute sessuale e riproduttiva per tutti. Nello stesso anno, il Governo italiano ha istituito il Fertility Day e nel 2016 ha avviato lo Studio Nazionale Fertilità per l'elaborazione dell'omonimo Piano Nazionale. Una parte dello studio, rivolto ad un campione rappresentativo di adolescenti, ha esplorato conoscenze, atteggiamenti, fonti informative e comportamenti agiti nell'ambito della sessualità per una programmazione di interventi mirati. A partire dagli impegni assunti dalle istituzioni e dai dati emersi dall'indagine si evidenzia la difficoltà dei decisori nel tradurre responsabilmente in politiche sanitarie concrete quanto pianificato. Vengono prese in considerazione criticità e carenze che rendono difficilmente esigibile il diritto alla salute sessuale per la nostra popolazione più giovane.

In recent years, especially in developed countries, there has been an increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Only 20% of tumors at the time of diagnosis are evaluated as resectable, but in these cases, the prognosis of the disease is unfavorable. The overall 5-year survival rate does not exceed 5%. Pancreatic cancer was described in the 1760s by Giovanni Battista Morgagni in his classic book “De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen Indigatis”. Over the next 200 years, pathologists significantly improved our understanding of the macro- and microscopic features of this disease. At the same time, morphological research remained the basis of diagnostics for centuries. The introduction of immunohistochemical studies into clinical practice in the late 1970s and early 1980s radically changed our approach to diagnosing this disease. Evaluation of morphological features, as well as features of expression of markers that determine the invasive potential of such neoplasms, can serve in the future as a fundamental basis in solving questions concerning possible factors of prognosis upon malignant tumors of such a localization. Aim of research — to study the morphological and immunohistochemical features of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients with pancreatic cancer T1-4N0-2M0-1 stage, aged from 37 to 83, who underwent surgical treatment. Morphological study of the operating material was carried out. The condition for inclusion in the study was a histotype of the tumor, namely ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Posting of the material, preparation of histological preparations, coloring, immunohistochemical examination were carried out according to a standard procedure. Results and conclusion. The study made it possible to characterize the tumor morphology, as well as the features of expression of markers associated with more evident invasive characteristics of the tumor. The results of this work may be of interest in terms of their further comparison with the parameters of various forms of progression upon pancreatic cancer.

IntroduzioneInnanzitutto, una doverosa premessa. Credo che si debba riconoscere all'articolo di Mauro Calise il non trascurabile merito di aver messo in tutta evidenza la fertilità contenuta in alcuni fondamentali temi di ricerca, sui quali converrà proseguire con maggiore sistematicità lo scandaglio appena iniziato. Mi limito a ricordarne uno solo: l'importanza di riconsiderare l'intera problematica del processo di «istituzionalizzazione del governo» nel nostro paese alla luce dell'abbondantissima letteratura non strettamente politologica. Penso, ovviamente, al diritto costituzionale e parlamentare; ma anche alla stessa storia parlamentare, alla scienza dell'amministrazione, alle molte branche della sociologia politica fino alla moderna teoria economica delle strutture organizzative complesse (com'è nel caso, tanto per citare gli autori più potenzialmente rilevanti per il nostro problema, della produzione di un James G. March o di un Wilson o di un Williamson). La ragione è evidente. Non si tratta, infatti, di abdicare al nostro ruolo specialistico di politologi per vivere alle spalle di qualcun altro quanto di riconoscere apertamente che le altrui prospettive specialistiche possono consentirci di vedere in termini nuovi (e, a volte, notevolmente complicati) le nostre stesse questioni peculiari: come sono quelle attinenti alla specifica «logica politica» dei modi di essere dell'istituzione-governo. Limitiamoci anche qui a un solo esempio: il funzionamento del collegio «Consiglio dei ministri», considerato come la più tipica manifestazione delle coalizioni interpartitiche, ma anche — e allo stesso tempo — come un'organizzazione «economica» (finalizzata a massimizzare i possibili benefici, minimizzando i relativi costi), come un organo disciplinato da precise norme giuridiche, come una struttura sociale caratterizzata da una propria storia autonoma e così via. L'ipotesi è, infatti, che la comprensione dei «comportamenti coalizionali» all'interno del Consiglio dei ministri possa giovarsi grandemente di una simile considerazione interdisciplinare, sia pure impostata e finalizzata all'ottica esclusiva del lavoro politologico.

Abstract Patients affected by colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI), which is caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), are eligible for therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), while microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors are not. However, a subset of MSS CRCs contains variable fractions of MMRd cells. How the presence of MMRd cells in tumors classified as MSS impacts cancer immune surveillance is largely unknown. It is also unclear whether the pharmacological modulation of MMRd cells percentage in MMR heterogeneous tumor can occur and if this might result in the improvement of tumor immune control.To shed light on these aspects we studied isogenic mismatch repair proficient and deficient mouse tumor cells, generated by genetic inactivation of MLH1, a key component of the MMR machinery. We mixed MLH1+/+and MLH1-/-cells at different ratios, injecting the resulting heterogeneous populations in mice. In the presence of a competent immune system, the tumorigenic potential and immune surveillance of MSS/MSI (MLH1+/+/MLH1-/-) heterogeneous tumors was dependent upon the MMRd fraction. Tumor rejection was observed when at least 50% of the cells were MMRd, but tumor growth delay was also evident when as low as 20% of MMRd cells were present in the mixed population and this was paralleled by immune infiltration of the tumor. Molecular profiles of samples from MSS/MSI heterogeneous tumors that evaded immune control, showed enrichment of the MSS fraction. Treatment of MSS/MSI mixed populations with the antimetabolite 6-Thioguanine (6TG) greatly enriched the MMRd fraction and improved immune response. Overall, these results suggest that genetic and/or pharmacological modulation of the DNA mismatch repair machinery can foster immune surveillance of MMR heterogeneous tumors and modulate the cancer immune environment. Citation Format: Vito Amodio, Giovanni Germano, Benedetta Mussolin, Simona Lamba, Rosaria Chilà, Giuseppe Rospo, Caterina Marchiò, Silvia Marsoni, Gianluca Mauri, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Alberto Bardelli. Genetic and pharmacological modulation of DNA mismatch repair promotes immune surveillance in murine colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1593.

Resumo: O presente texto tem como objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre escrita e educação a partir de uma comparação de distanciamento e aproximação entre a filosofia de Kierkegaard – por meio de seu estilo e sua reflexão sobre a escrita – e ideias pedagógicas na antiguidade grega, destacando, nesse contexto, a figura de Sócrates.Palavras-chave: Educação. Paidéia. Kierkegaard. Sócrates. Escrita. Comunicação. Abstract: The present text has as objective to establish a relationship between writing and education from a comparison of distance and approximation between Kierkegaard 's philosophy (through his style and his reflection on writing) and pedagogical ideas in Greek antiquity, emphasizing the figure of Socrates.Keywords: Education. Paidea. Kierkegaard. Sócrates. Writing. Communication. REFERÊNCIASARISTÓTELES. Ética a Nicômaco. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1984.CAMBI, Franco. História da pedagogia. São Paulo: UNESP, 1999.GUERRERO, L. La verdad subjetiva: Sören Kierkegaard como escritor. Ciudad de México: Universidade Iberoamericana, 2004. JAEGER, Werner. Paidéia: a formação do homem grego. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1995.KIERKEGAARD, Søren. Migalhas Filosóficas ou um bocadinho da filosofia de Johannes Clímacus. Tradução de Álvaro Luiz Montenegro Valls e Ernani Reichmann. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2008.KIERKEGAARD, Søren. O conceito de ironia: constantemente referido a Sócrates. Tradução de Álvaro Valls. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1991._______. Ponto de vista explicativo da minha obra de escritor: uma comunicação direta, relatório à História. Tradução de João Gama. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1986._______. Post Scriptum no científico y definitivo a “Migajas filosóficas”. Salamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 2010.LYOTARD, J. F. A condição pós-moderna. Tradução de Ricardo Corrêa Barbosa. 7 ed. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2002PLATÃO. A República. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1993._______. Ménon. Trad. Maura Iglésias. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: PUC-Rio; Loyola, 2001.REALE, Giovanni. História da filosofia: filosofia pagã antiga. São Paulo: Paulos, 2005.SPINELLI, Miguel. O ciclo de estudos básicos (Egkýklios Paidéia) da escolaridade grega. Educação e Filosofia, v.30, n.60, p.603-646, jul./dez. 2016.VALLS, Álvaro. O crucificado encontra Dionísio: estudos sobre Kierkegaard e Nietzsche. São Paulo: Loyola, 2013. _______. O que é ética. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994.ZINGANO, Marco. Estudos de ética antiga. São Paulo: Paulus; Discurso Editorial, 2007.

La cosiddetta disputa-Howitz che si accese a Copenaghen nella seconda metà degli anni Venti dell’Ottocento rappresentò il primo dibattito filosofico autenticamente danese occorso in Scandinavia nel XIX secolo. Il nome si deve al medico legale Frantz Gotthard Howitz (1789-1826) che nel 1824 pubblicò il trattato filosofico-giuridico Su follia e imputabilità. Un contributo alla Psicologia e al diritto, che fu pubblicato in forma di articolo nella Rivista giuridica diretta dal giurista e futuro primo ministro danese Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1778-1860), che nel 1798 aveva pubblicato un trattato sulla dottrina kantiana della libertà, opera considerata oggi il frutto più maturo del kantismo in Danimarca. Quale membro del Collegio di Sanità, Howitz doveva valutare l’imputabilità dei criminali. Nel suo testo egli accusò la giurisprudenza danese dell’epoca di essere fondata sul sistema kantiano della moralità; criticò dunque la concezione kantiana della libertà come capacità di determinare le proprie azioni sulla base di un fondamento puramente razionale. Secondo Howitz l’essere umano non è propriamente dotato di libertà in questo senso, poiché ogni azione umana è necessariamente determinata da un motivo che pesa più di altri e la cosiddetta razionalità altro non è che capacitas motivorum. La libertà dovrebbe essere intesa dalla giurisprudenza come capacitas motivorum, ovvero una libertà che non ha nulla a che vedere con la moralità. Howitz sostiene contro la visione morale kantiana che la stessa moralità nasce e si sviluppa sulla base dell’organizzazione cerebrale. Quando apparve, il trattato di Howitz suscitò immediatamente le reazioni critiche di figure di intellettuali di spicco quali lo stesso Anders Sandøe Ørsted, il teologo e futuro vescovo Jacob Peter Mynster, il drammaturgo e critico letterario Johan Ludvig Heiberg e il filosofo Frederik Christian Sibbern, futuro professore e mentore del giovane of Søren Kierkegaard. L’articolo mira a esplorare i fondamenti filosofici del dibattito e soprattutto il ruolo che ebbe in esso la filosofia morale di Kant. Recebido / Received: 4.9.2019.Aprovado / Approved: 28.10.2019.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the so-called human capital theory and to clarify the concept of public good, as well as the frequency of the expression "public" in the Declarations adopted at the Regional Conferences of Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2008 and 2018. For this, in methodological terms, this article analyzes documents from certain International Organizations (UNESCO, World Bank and OECD) and seeks theoretical support in Reinhart Koselleck's History of Concepts and other authors such as Roger Dale, Susan Robertson, Bob Jessop, Stephen Gill, Paul Samuelson , Karl Polanyi and Pierre Bourdieu.ResumoO presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a chamada teoria do capital humano e precisar o conceito de bem público, bem como a frequência da expressão “público” nas Declarações aprovadas nas Conferências Regionais de Educação Superior na América Latina e Caribe, em 2008 e 2018. Para isto, em termos metodológicos, o presente artigo analisa documentos de determinadas Organizações Internacionais (UNESCO, Banco Mundial e OCDE) e busca apoio na História dos Conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck e em autores como Roger Dale, Bob Jessop, Stephen Gill, Paul Samuelson, Karl Polanyi, Pierre Bourdieu.Keywords: Public good, Human capital theory, Commodification, Education, CRES 2008 and CRES 2018.Palavras-chave: Bem público, Teoria do capital humano, Mercadorização, Educação, CRES 2008 e CRES 2018.ReferencesALVES, Giovanni. O que é o precariado? Blog da Boitempo. Extraído de <https://blogdaboitempo.com.br/2013/07/22/o-que-e-o-precariado/>, 22 Jul 2013, acesso em 28 fev 2019.ARENDT, Hannah. A crise na educação. In: Entre o passado e o futuro. Tradução: Mauro W. Barbosa de Almeida. 3ª reimpressão da 5ª ed. de 2000. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2005.AUDITORIA CIDADÃ DA DÍVIDA. Dividômetro: quanto pagamos (juros e amortizações) – dívida pública federal. Auditoria Cidadã da Dívída. 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No dia 18 de novembro de 2021, o médico italiano Mauro Giovanni Carta tomou posse como Honorário Estrangeiro da Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM), recepcionado pelo ex-presidente da casa Pietro Novelino, que em italiano, deu as boasvindas ao colega. Saudado e apresentado pelo acadêmico Antonio Egidio Nardi, discursou em italiano homenageando o novo membro, reforçando sua trajetória profissional como grande psiquiatra de renome internacional e pesquisador sobre as patologias da mente, além de seus projetos sociais e missões da ONU, OMS e União Europeia na América Latina e no Malawi, na África.

Abstract A human rights based approach to Public Health and to Public Mental health offers an opportunity to realize the right to health for all. However, a human rights-based approach to Public Health will require new inter-disciplinary approaches and an innovative frame. This frame should include the use of international human rights standards as a framework for research, policy and practice; the participation of target groups; and the enhancement of inclusion and respect for all. This workshop follows up from the Ljubljana 2018 workshop on human rights and public (mental) health and aims to test the requirements needed to ensure a human rights based approach to public health. For this, a panel of a researcher, ethicist, lawyer and a patient is set up to evaluate three practical cases. What are they advising in these specific cases and what does this mean for the international human rights framework. The outcomes of the panel discussion will be presented by the chair of the workshop. Case 1 Coerced sterilization in the UK The parents of a 21-year old woman with Down’s syndrome in the UK contacted a doctor to have their daughter sterlised our of fear that she may become pregnant. The woman did not have a bodyfriend nor expressed an interest in starting a sexual relationship. The parents stated that - as she had grown up - she had become more aware of the opposite sex and could be “overfamiliar” with people. Therefore sterilisation was needed to protect her in the future. A specialist supported the parents, but a second doctor suggested various methods of contraception as an alternative. Case 2 Euthanasia in the Netherlands A 74-year old incapacitated women with dementia stated several times that she does not want to live anymore. But she has also been heard saying that she likes her life. Under Dutch law, euthanasia is possible if the patient clearly indicates this, the so-called living-will. In this case, the doctor performed euthanasia based on her living will, which was given years earlier, before she was struck by dementia. Case 3 Rape in Northern Ireland A 12-year-old girl from Northern Ireland is raped. Abortion is not possible in this case due to the strict laws prohibiting abortion unless the woman’s life is in danger or there is a permanent or serious risk to her mental or physical health. The girl has to travel to England under police escort to have an abortion, so that a police officer could seize the ‘samples’ from the procedure for evidence. Key messages A human rights based approach to Public Health and to Public Mental health offers an opportunity to realize the right to health for all. It is critical that we do not risk losing the right to health in the rhetoric of the SDGs and ensure that we respond to the need of improving research methods on the promise of leaving no one behind. Mauro Giovanni Carta Contact: mgcarta@tiscali.it Dineke Zeegers Paget Contact: d.zeegers@euphaoffice.org Els Maeckelberghe Contact: e.l.m.maeckelberghe@umcg.nl

The article deals with the heuristic potential of the sociological theory by Giovanni Arrighi in the study of the static aspect of the formation and maintenance of global inequality systems. To achieve the goal ー to analyze the applicability of this theory to the study the mentioned topic ー the features and prerequisites for the formation of G. Arrighi’s theory are analyzed. The conceptualization of the problems of neocolonialism and global inequality is being carried out, an attempt to look at them through the prism of Giovanni Arrighi’s theory is made. The researcher’s work is regarded as macro-sociological and historical-sociological, which immediately puts it in a certain context. In addition, the author’s Marxist background and its influence on the theory and methodology of the researcher are analyzed. The article considers the central categories of the author and his relationship with other researchers (K. Marx, V. Lenin, A. Gramsci, H. Arendt, D. Harvey and F. Braudel). An attempt is made to evaluate the continuity and novelty of G. Arrighi’s ideas. The article analyzes the concept of capitalist imperialism by Giovanni Arrigi, which he considers as the main characteristic of the modern world order. The process of capitalism expansion is being studied through the lens of concepts borrowed from David Harvey: spatial-temporal fix and accumulation by disposition. The article examines the method of legitimizing capitalist imperialism at the inter- and supranational level. It also studies how G. Arrighi works with the concept of hegemony and extrapolates it from the group level on the supranational one. An attempt to apply the static aspect of the concept to explain the nature and functions of global systems of inequality is made.

Some dynastic and pre-dynastic Egyptian mummies from the Giovanni Marro Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, University of Turin, Italy have been studied by means of the combined approach of both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histological analysis, with the aim of investigating the preservation state of the skin of ancient archaeological remains, as a consequence of the differences between the two kinds of mummification processes, <em>i.e.</em> natural and by means of embalming substances. The results suggest that the balms used in the dynastic mummies embalming process really could have played an important role in the prevention of corpse deterioration.

In questo saggio tratteremo la visione del mondo rurale, nonché le sfumature della lingua, delle intrusioni dialettali e del linguaggio colloquiale contadino rappresentati in due opere teatrali: La Lupa del drammaturgo siciliano Giovanni Verga e Bodas de sangre del tragediografo andaluso Federico García Lorca, esaminando anche gli aspetti macro e microstrutturali dei testi.L’Italia e la Spagna sono paesi vicini a livello geografico e socio-culturale geograficamente e socio-culturalmente, legati alla storia del Mar Mediterraneo e dalla comune matrice linguistica latina. María de las Nieves Muñiz Muñiz riporta che “all’Italia e alla Spagna, parimenti arretrate e solari, anche se diversamente ‘antiche’, toccò il ruolo di serbatoio di miti, leggende e cultura popolare del Mediterraneo”.

Straipsnyje analizuojamas Lietuvos partinės sistemos stabilumas 1990-2010 metais trijuose lygmenyse: rinkimų, parlamento ir vyriausybės. Matuojant šį reiškinį remiamasi Mogenso N. Pederseno, Peterio Mairo ir Giovannio Sartorio suformuotais tyrimo instrumentais, įvertinant jų trūkumus ir patobulinant. Daroma išvada, kad ilgainiui Lietuvos partinė sistema tapo nestabili visuose lygmenyse. Pirma, aukštas rinkimų nestabilumas pastebimas per visą 1990-2010 m. laikotarpį. Antra, Lietuvos partinėje sistemoje taip ir nepavyko įsitvirtinti nuosaikaus daugiapartizmo tipui. Trečia, konkurencijos dėl vyriausybės vietų struktūra po 2000 m. tapo visiškai destabilizuota. Be to, straipsnyje patvirtinama, kad partinės sistemos stabilumas yra daugiadimensinis reiškinys.

Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo tyrimai politikos moksluose tapo aktualia tema. Tačiau vieno įtakingiausių šio reiškinio aiškinimų, partinės sistemos, teorinis ir empirinis pagrindimas yra gana komplikuotas dėl dviejų priežasčių: Giovannio Sartorio partinių sistemų klasifikacijos tiesioginio transplantavimo ir nacionalinio lyg­mens imčių naudojimo. Šiame straipsnyje, derinant G. Sartorio ir Peterio Mairo teorijas, pasiūloma inovatyvi partinių sistemų (apibrėžiamų kaip ilgojo laikotarpio koalicinių šablonų) tipologija ir iš jos išvedamas rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aiškinimas. Teorija tikrinama remiantis empiriniu tyrimu ir naudojant 1995–2011 m. duomenis iš Lietuvos savivaldybių tarybų. Atrandama, kad kuo mažiau partinėse sistemose, kurias apibrėžia konkretus koalicinio partijų elgesio šablonas, yra paskatų stabiliau balsuoti už tam tikras partijų blokų alternatyvas, tuo didesnė jose aukšto rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo tikimybė.

Capitalist-style reforms were an important factor in the economic and social evolution of the Late Ottoman Empire. This research investigates how foreign governments and financiers, and especially Britain, influenced these various financial reforms implemented in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. The chief purpose of such reforms was to integrate the Empire into the capitalist world-economy by imposing, both directly and indirectly, the adoption of rules, institutions, attitudes and procedures amenable to exploitation on the part of foreign and also local capitalists. Drawing on primary sources, mainly from the United Kingdom’s National Archives, the article argues that foreign pressure for financial reforms was instrumental in the Empire’s economic subjection to the rules and norms that regulated the capitalist world-economy, most notably in the field of public finance, banking and the monetary sector. It takes a long-term view and largely adheres to the scholarly evolution of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony and world-systems theory and methodology developed by Fernand Braudel, Immanuel Wallerstein and Giovanni Arrighi, adopting a multidisciplinary and macro-scale perspective. Special attention is paid to the correlation between secondary and primary sources in support of empirical evidence. More broadly, this research contributes to the literature on the capitalist world-economy and brings a set of theoretical frameworks to bear on defining the role of financial reforms induced mainly by Britain in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries.

Cultural sociologists (Bourdieu; DiMaggio, “Cultural Capital”, “Classification”; Gans; Lamont & Foumier; Halle; Erickson) wrote about high culture and popular culture in an attempt to explain the growing social and economic inequalities, to find consensus on culture hierarchies, and to analyze cultural complexities. Halle states that this categorisation of culture into “high culture” and “popular culture” underlined most of the debate on culture in the last fifty years. Gans contends that both high culture and popular culture are stereotypes, public forms of culture or taste cultures, each sharing “common aesthetic values and standards of tastes” (8). However, this article is not concerned with these categorisations, or macro analysis. Rather, it is a reflection piece that inquires if opera, which is usually considered high culture, has become more equal to popular culture, and why some directors change the time and place of opera plots, whereas others will stay true to the original setting of the story. I do not consider these productions “adaptations,” but “post-modern morphologies,” and I will refer to this later in the paper. In other words, the paper is seeking to explain a social phenomenon and explore the underlying motives by quoting interviews with directors. The word ‘opera’ is defined in Elson’s Music Dictionary as: “a form of musical composition evolved shortly before 1600, by some enthusiastic Florentine amateurs who sought to bring back the Greek plays to the modern stage” (189). Hence, it was an experimentation to revive Greek music and drama believed to be the ideal way to express emotions (Grout 186). It is difficult to pinpoint the exact moment when stage directors started changing the time and place of the original settings of operas. The practice became more common after World War II, and Peter Brook’s Covent Garden productions of Boris Godunov (1948) and Salome (1949) are considered the prototypes of this practice (Sutcliffe 19-20). Richard Wagner’s grandsons, the brothers Wieland and Wolfgang Wagner are cited in the music literature as using technology and modern innovations in staging and design beginning in the early 1950s. Brief Background into the History of Opera Grout contends that opera began as an attempt to heighten the dramatic expression of language by intensifying the natural accents of speech through melody supported by simple harmony. In the late 1590s, the Italian composer Jacopo Peri wrote what is considered to be the first opera, but most of it has been lost. The first surviving complete opera is Euridice, a version of the Orpheus myth that Peri and Giulio Caccini jointly set to music in 1600. The first composer to understand the possibilities inherent in this new musical form was Claudio Monteverdi, who in 1607 wrote Orfeo. Although it was based on the same story as Euridice, it was expanded to a full five acts. Early opera was meant for small, private audiences, usually at court; hence it began as an elitist genre. After thirty years of being private, in 1637, opera went public with the opening of the first public opera house, Teatro di San Cassiano, in Venice, and the genre quickly became popular. Indeed, Monteverdi wrote his last two operas, Il ritorno d’Ulisse in patria and L’incoronazione di Poppea for the Venetian public, thereby leading the transition from the Italian courts to the ‘public’. Both operas are still performed today. Poppea was the first opera to be based on a historical rather than a mythological or allegorical subject. Sutcliffe argues that opera became popular because it was a new mixture of means: new words, new music, new methods of performance. He states, “operatic fashion through history may be a desire for novelty, new formulas displacing old” (65). By the end of the 17th century, Venice alone had ten opera houses that had produced more than 350 operas. Wealthy families purchased season boxes, but inexpensive tickets made the genre available to persons of lesser means. The genre spread quickly, and various styles of opera developed. In Naples, for example, music rather than the libretto dominated opera. The genre spread to Germany and France, each developing the genre to suit the demands of its audiences. For example, ballet became an essential component of French opera. Eventually, “opera became the profligate art as large casts and lavish settings made it the most expensive public entertainment. It was the only art that without embarrassment called itself ‘grand’” (Boorstin 467). Contemporary Opera Productions Opera continues to be popular. According to a 2002 report released by the National Endowment for the Arts, 6.6 million adults attended at least one live opera performance in 2002, and 37.6 million experienced opera on television, video, radio, audio recording or via the Internet. Some think that it is a dying art form, while others think to the contrary, that it is a living art form because of its complexity and “ability to probe deeper into the human experience than any other art form” (Berger 3). Some directors change the setting of operas with perhaps the most famous contemporary proponent of this approach being Peter Sellars, who made drastic changes to three of Mozart’s most famous operas. Le Nozze di Figaro, originally set in 18th-century Seville, was set by Sellars in a luxury apartment in the Trump Tower in New York City; Sellars set Don Giovanni in contemporary Spanish Harlem rather than 17th century Seville; and for Cosi Fan Tutte, Sellars chose a diner on Cape Cod rather than 18th century Naples. As one of the more than six million Americans who attend live opera each year, I have experienced several updated productions, which made me reflect on the convergence or cross-over between high culture and popular culture. In 2000, I attended a production of Don Giovanni at the Estates Theatre in Prague, the very theatre where Mozart conducted the world premiere in 1787. In this production, Don Giovanni was a fashion designer known as “Don G” and drove a BMW. During the 1999-2000 season, Los Angeles Opera engaged film director Bruce Beresford to direct Verdi’s Rigoletto. Beresford updated the original setting of 16th century Mantua to 20th century Hollywood. The lead tenor, rather than being the Duke of Mantua, was a Hollywood agent known as “Duke Mantua.” In the first act, just before Marullo announces to the Duke’s guests that the jester Rigoletto has taken a mistress, he gets the news via his cell phone. Director Ian Judge set the 2004 production of Le Nozze di Figaro in the 1950s. In one of the opening productions of the 2006-07 LA opera season, Vincent Patterson also chose the 1950s for Massenet’s Manon rather than France in the 1720s. This allowed the title character to appear in the fourth act dressed as Marilyn Monroe. Excerpts from the dress rehearsal can be seen on YouTube. Most recently, I attended a production of Ariane et Barbe-Bleu at the Paris Opera. The original setting of the Maeterlinck play is in Duke Bluebeard’s castle, but the time period is unclear. However, it is doubtful that the 1907 opera based on an 1899 play was meant to be set in what appeared to be a mental institution equipped with surveillance cameras whose screens were visible to the audience. The critical and audience consensus seemed to be that the opera was a musical success but a failure as a production. James Shore summed up the audience reaction: “the production team was vociferously booed and jeered by much of the house, and the enthusiastic applause that had greeted the singers and conductor, immediately went nearly silent when they came on stage”. It seems to me that a new class-related taste has emerged; the opera genre has shot out a subdivision which I shall call “post-modern morphologies,” that may appeal to a larger pool of people. Hence, class, age, gender, and race are becoming more important factors in conceptualising opera productions today than in the past. I do not consider these productions as new adaptations because the libretto and the music are originals. What changes is the fact that both text and sound are taken to a higher dimension by adding iconographic images that stimulate people’s brains. When asked in an interview why he often changes the setting of an opera, Ian Judge commented, “I try to find the best world for the story and characters to operate in, and I think you have to find a balance between the period the author set it in, the period he conceived it in and the nature of theatre and audiences at that time, and the world we live in.” Hence, the world today is complex, interconnected, borderless and timeless because of advanced technologies, and updated opera productions play with symbols that offer multiple meanings that reflect the world we live in. It may be that television and film have influenced opera production. Character tenor Graham Clark recently observed in an interview, “Now the situation has changed enormously. Television and film have made a lot of things totally accessible which they were not before and in an entirely different perception.” Director Ian Judge believes that television and film have affected audience expectations in opera. “I think audiences who are brought up on television, which is bad acting, and movies, which is not that good acting, perhaps require more of opera than stand and deliver, and I have never really been happy with someone who just stands and sings.” Sociologist Wendy Griswold states that culture reflects social reality and the meaning of a particular cultural object (such as opera), originates “in the social structures and social patterns it reflects” (22). Screens of various technologies are embedded in our lives and normalised as extensions of our bodies. In those opera productions in which directors change the time and place of opera plots, use technology, and are less concerned with what the composer or librettist intended (which we can only guess), the iconographic images create multi valances, textuality similar to Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of multiplicity of voices. Hence, a plurality of meanings. Plàcido Domingo, the Eli and Edyth Broad General Director of Los Angeles Opera, seeks to take advantage of the company’s proximity to the film industry. This is evidenced by his having engaged Bruce Beresford to direct Rigoletto and William Friedkin to direct Ariadne auf Naxos, Duke Bluebeard’s Castle and Gianni Schicchi. Perhaps the most daring example of Domingo’s approach was convincing Garry Marshall, creator of the television sitcom Happy Days and who directed the films Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries, to direct Jacques Offenbach’s The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein to open the company’s 20th anniversary season. When asked how Domingo convinced him to direct an opera for the first time, Marshall responded, “he was insistent that one, people think that opera is pretty elitist, and he knew without insulting me that I was not one of the elitists; two, he said that you gotta make a funny opera; we need more comedy in the operetta and opera world.” Marshall rewrote most of the dialogue and performed it in English, but left the “songs” untouched and in the original French. He also developed numerous sight gags and added characters including a dog named Morrie and the composer Jacques Offenbach himself. Did it work? Christie Grimstad wrote, “if you want an evening filled with witty music, kaleidoscopic colors and hilariously good singing, seek out The Grand Duchess. You will not be disappointed.” The FanFaire Website commented on Domingo’s approach of using television and film directors to direct opera: You’ve got to hand it to Plàcido Domingo for having the vision to draw on Hollywood’s vast pool of directorial talent. Certainly something can be gained from the cross-fertilization that could ensue from this sort of interaction between opera and the movies, two forms of entertainment (elitist and perennially struggling for funds vs. popular and, it seems, eternally rich) that in Los Angeles have traditionally lived separate lives on opposite sides of the tracks. A wider audience, for example, never a problem for the movies, can only mean good news for the future of opera. So, did the Marshall Plan work? Purists of course will always want their operas and operettas ‘pure and unadulterated’. But with an audience that seemed to have as much fun as the stellar cast on stage, it sure did. Critic Alan Rich disagrees, calling Marshall “a representative from an alien industry taking on an artistic product, not to create something innovative and interesting, but merely to insult.” Nevertheless, the combination of Hollywood and opera seems to work. The Los Angeles Opera reported that the 2005-2006 season was its best ever: “ticket revenues from the season, which ended in June, exceeded projected figures by nearly US$900,000. Seasonal attendance at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion stood at more than 86% of the house’s capacity, the largest percentage in the opera’s history.” Domingo continues with the Hollywood connection in the upcoming 2008-2009 season. He has reengaged William Friedkin to direct two of Puccini’s three operas titled collectively as Il Trittico. Friedkin will direct the two tragedies, Il Tabarro and Suor Angelica. Although Friedkin has already directed a production of the third opera in Il Trittico for Los Angeles, the comedy Gianni Schicchi, Domingo convinced Woody Allen to make his operatic directorial debut with this work. This can be viewed as another example of the desire to make opera and popular culture more equal. However, some, like Alan Rich, may see this attempt as merely insulting rather than interesting and innovative. With a top ticket price in Los Angeles of US$238 per seat, opera seems to continue to be elitist. Berger (2005) concurs with this idea and gives his rationale for elitism: there are rich people who support and attend the opera; it is an imported art from Europe that causes some marginalisation; opera is not associated with something being ‘moral,’ a concept engrained in American culture; it is expensive to produce and usually funded by kings, corporations, rich people; and the opera singers are rare –usually one in a million who will have the vocal quality to sing opera arias. Furthermore, Nicholas Kenyon commented in the early 1990s: “there is suspicion that audiences are now paying more and more money for their seats to see more and more money spent on stage” (Kenyon 3). Still, Garry Marshall commented that the budget for The Grand Duchess was US$2 million, while his budget for Runaway Bride was US$72 million. Kenyon warns, “Such popularity for opera may be illusory. The enjoyment of one striking aria does not guarantee the survival of an art form long regarded as over-elitist, over-recondite, and over-priced” (Kenyon 3). A recent development is the Metropolitan Opera’s decision to simulcast live opera performances from the Met stage to various cinemas around the world. These HD transmissions began with the 2006-2007 season when six performances were broadcast. In the 2007-2008 season, the schedule has expanded to eight live Saturday matinee broadcasts plus eight recorded encores broadcast the following day. According to The Los Angeles Times, “the Met’s experiment of merging film with live performance has created a new art form” (Aslup). Whether or not this is a “new art form,” it certainly makes world-class live opera available to countless persons who cannot travel to New York and pay the price for tickets, when they are available. In the US alone, more than 350 cinemas screen these live HD broadcasts from the Met. Top ticket price for these performances at the Met is US$375, while the lowest price is US$27 for seats with only a partial view. Top price for the HD transmissions in participating cinemas is US$22. This experiment with live simulcasts makes opera more affordable and may increase its popularity; combined with updated stagings, opera can engage a much larger audience and hope for even a mass consumption. Is opera moving closer and closer to popular culture? There still seems to be an aura of elitism and snobbery about opera. However, Plàcido Domingo’s attempt to join opera with Hollywood is meant to break the barriers between high and popular culture. The practice of updating opera settings is not confined to Los Angeles. As mentioned earlier, the idea can be traced to post World War II England, and is quite common in Europe. Examples include Erich Wonder’s approach to Wagner’s Ring, making Valhalla, the mythological home of the gods and typically a mountaintop, into the spaceship Valhalla, as well as my own experience with Don Giovanni in Prague and Ariane et Barbe-Bleu in Paris. Indeed, Sutcliffe maintains, “Great classics in all branches of the arts are repeatedly being repackaged for a consumerist world that is increasingly and neurotically self-obsessed” (61). Although new operas are being written and performed, most contemporary performances are of operas by Verdi, Mozart, and Puccini (www.operabase.com). This means that audiences see the same works repeated many times, but in different interpretations. Perhaps this is why Sutcliffe contends, “since the 1970s it is the actual productions that have had the novelty value grabbed by the headlines. Singing no longer predominates” (Sutcliffe 57). If then, as Sutcliffe argues, “operatic fashion through history may be a desire for novelty, new formulas displacing old” (Sutcliffe 65), then the contemporary practice of changing the original settings is simply the latest “new formula” that is replacing the old ones. If there are no new words or new music, then what remains are new methods of performance, hence the practice of changing time and place. Opera is a complex art form that has evolved over the past 400 years and continues to evolve, but will it survive? The underlining motives for directors changing the time and place of opera performances are at least three: for aesthetic/artistic purposes, financial purposes, and to reach an audience from many cultures, who speak different languages, and who have varied tastes. These three reasons are interrelated. In 1996, Sutcliffe wrote that there has been one constant in all the arguments about opera productions during the preceding two decades: “the producer’s wish to relate the works being staged to contemporary circumstances and passions.” Although that sounds like a purely aesthetic reason, making opera relevant to new, multicultural audiences and thereby increasing the bottom line seems very much a part of that aesthetic. It is as true today as it was when Sutcliffe made the observation twelve years ago (60-61). My own speculation is that opera needs to attract various audiences, and it can only do so by appealing to popular culture and engaging new forms of media and technology. Erickson concludes that the number of upper status people who are exclusively faithful to fine arts is declining; high status people consume a variety of culture while the lower status people are limited to what they like. Research in North America, Europe, and Australia, states Erickson, attest to these trends. My answer to the question can stage directors make opera and popular culture “equal” is yes, and they can do it successfully. Perhaps Stanley Sharpless summed it up best: After his Eden triumph, When the Devil played his ace, He wondered what he could do next To irk the human race, So he invented Opera, With many a fiendish grin, To mystify the lowbrows, And take the highbrows in. References The Grand Duchess. 2005. 3 Feb. 2008 < http://www.ffaire.com/Duchess/index.htm >.Aslup, Glenn. “Puccini’s La Boheme: A Live HD Broadcast from the Met.” Central City Blog Opera 7 Apr. 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.centralcityopera.org/blog/2008/04/07/puccini%E2%80%99s- la-boheme-a-live-hd-broadcast-from-the-met/ >.Berger, William. Puccini without Excuses. New York: Vintage, 2005.Boorstin, Daniel. The Creators: A History of Heroes of the Imagination. New York: Random House, 1992.Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1984.Clark, Graham. “Interview with Graham Clark.” The KCSN Opera House, 88.5 FM. 11 Aug. 2006.DiMaggio, Paul. “Cultural Capital and School Success.” American Sociological Review 47 (1982): 189-201.DiMaggio, Paul. “Classification in Art.”_ American Sociological Review_ 52 (1987): 440-55.Elson, C. Louis. “Opera.” Elson’s Music Dictionary. Boston: Oliver Ditson, 1905.Erickson, H. Bonnie. “The Crisis in Culture and Inequality.” In W. Ivey and S. J. Tepper, eds. Engaging Art: The Next Great Transformation of America’s Cultural Life. New York: Routledge, 2007.Fanfaire.com. “At Its 20th Anniversary Celebration, the Los Angeles Opera Had a Ball with The Grand Duchess.” 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.fanfaire.com/Duchess/index.htm >.Gans, J. Herbert. Popular Culture and High Culture: An Analysis and Evaluation of Taste. New York: Basic Books, 1977.Grimstad, Christie. Concerto Net.com. 2005. 12 Jan. 2008 < http://www.concertonet.com/scripts/review.php?ID_review=3091 >.Grisworld, Wendy. Cultures and Societies in a Changing World. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1994.Grout, D. Jay. A History of Western Music. Shorter ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1964.Halle, David. “High and Low Culture.” The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. London: Blackwell, 2006.Judge, Ian. “Interview with Ian Judge.” The KCSN Opera House, 88.5 FM. 22 Mar. 2006.Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2001. 19 Nov. 2006 < http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=opera&searchmode=none >.Kenyon, Nicholas. “Introduction.” In A. Holden, N. Kenyon and S. Walsh, eds. The Viking Opera Guide. New York: Penguin, 1993.Lamont, Michele, and Marcel Fournier. Cultivating Differences: Symbolic Boundaries and the Making of Inequality. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1992.Lord, M.G. “Shlemiel! Shlemozzle! And Cue the Soprano.” The New York Times 4 Sep. 2005.Los Angeles Opera. “LA Opera General Director Placido Domingo Announces Results of Record-Breaking 20th Anniversary Season.” News release. 2006.Marshall, Garry. “Interview with Garry Marshall.” The KCSN Opera House, 88.5 FM. 31 Aug. 2005.National Endowment for the Arts. 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. Research Division Report #45. 5 Feb. 2008 < http://www.nea.gov/pub/NEASurvey2004.pdf >.NCM Fanthom. “The Metropolitan Opera HD Live.” 2 Feb. 2008 < http://fathomevents.com/details.aspx?seriesid=622&gclid= CLa59NGuspECFQU6awodjiOafA >.Opera Today. James Sobre: Ariane et Barbe-Bleue and Capriccio in Paris – Name This Stage Piece If You Can. 5 Feb. 2008 < http://www.operatoday.com/content/2007/09/ariane_et_barbe_1.php >.Rich, Alan. “High Notes, and Low.” LA Weekly 15 Sep. 2005. 6 May 2008 < http://www.laweekly.com/stage/a-lot-of-night-music/high-notes-and-low/8160/ >.Sharpless, Stanley. “A Song against Opera.” In E. O. Parrott, ed. How to Be Tremendously Tuned in to Opera. New York: Penguin, 1990.Shore, James. Opera Today. 2007. 4 Feb. 2008 < http://www.operatoday.com/content/2007/09/ariane_et_barbe_1.php >.Sutcliffe, Tom. Believing in Opera. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1996.YouTube. “Manon Sex and the Opera.” 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiBQhr2Sy0k >.

Our challenge for this special issue was to describe and analyse the zones we live in and to a large extent take for granted. There are micro zones. These are small intimate spaces that are very temporary and circumscribe activity between two or three people. The second category of zone is we might call mezzo or mid-range zones. These are zones wherein activities that occupy us for several hours take place. These could include bars, restaurants, playgrounds, and of course the rooms in a house or workplace. Finally there is the city level macro zone. Most of us live in cities. This is an aggregation of time and space we relate to and identify with over a long period of time. We identify with city sports teams and landmarks. For various reasons to do with cultural evolution cities are symbolically important to how we live and form our identity. City zones are meaningful to us. Zones proscribe and prescribe, but usually without any visible rules. They enable and govern complex social routines without anyone being able to explicitly explain how. They encode narratives spatially. That is, zones as spaces, have material, social and symbolic layers. The material environment is the most basic layer of a zone, that is, buildings, furniture, roads and so on. However zones have two other important layers. The first is the social layer—that is, the people that are in the zone. In addition zones have a symbolic layer—that is the meanings that are found or created in the zone. This includes the aesthetic style; the actual and implicit messages in the space, as well as any personal associations the place may have or invoke. Clearly zones operate at different scales, in different time frames, and with different symbol systems. However, they no longer need be actual spaces at all, because many zones we now inhabit are purely virtual or purely discursive. Zones can be virtual too, such as Facebook. Zones can be an area of conversation as implied in the phrase “Lets not go there!” We now think and talk as if our mind was spatial. Perhaps a zone might be defined as a bounded system of agents and resources, governed by a unified and discoverable set of rules, which determine relationships that dictate how agents and resources are linked. Or perhaps you prefer the dramaturgical metaphors of front and back stage, actors, roles, scripts, and choreographies. But the truth is, there is no agreed definition or theorisation, although many disciplines use the term freely (e.g. cultural geography; urban planning; human ecology). Papers were invited therefore to interrogate the notion of zone from any disciplinary perspective, or which reflected on a particular zone, either fictional or actual, to uncover the alchemy of its operation. Jeremy Hunsinger invites us to think about a street-corner, as an “interzone,” a complex assemblage of meanings, things, and people. Here the material infrastructure, the road, the sidewalk, the streetlights with their cabling and electrical grid, the sewers, and their gutters, intermix within semiotic and governmentality politics. He argues zones are inscribed by codes and conventions to form pragmatic regimes through which we enact our lives and our roles. Though these zones are integral to our lives, we are “zoned out” about the zones in which we live. That is, dispersal of these zones has impeded our awareness of them and disguised the meanings we can assign to them. Through this dispersal they are alienated from our subjective experience within our day-to-day experiences of integrated world capitalism. The challenge of knowing an interzone is a challenge of territorialisation, and thus of subjective awareness. To operate with subjective awareness within these zones is form of semiological guerilla warfare, allowing us to interpret, and influence the governance of, our techno-semiological existence. The paper seeks to “challenge us to rethink our subjective positions in relation to zones, their aesthetics, and their legitimation as functions of semiological warfare … to find new opportunities to make a mess of these spaces, to transgress and create new spaces of autonomy for ourselves and future participants in the zones.” Suneel Jethani takes a similar point of theoretical departure and describes a new media project which does just this, by injecting various “voices” and subjectivities into a digital cartography of Bangalore. By focusing on the social relations embedded within the cartographic text(s), the project demonstrates the kind of politically oriented tactical media that Jeremy Hunsinger calls for in his paper. This “praxis-logical” approach allows for a focus on the project as a space of aggregation and the communicative processes set in motion within them. In analysing such projects we could (and should) be asking questions such as—“Who has put it forward? Who is utilising it and under what circumstances? Where and how has it come into being? How does discourse circulate within it? How do these spaces as sites of emergent forms of resistance within global capitalism challenge traditional social movements? How do they create self-reflexive systems?” The focus on the integration of digital affordances within the social/spatial realm continues with Adam Ruch and Steve Collins’s examination of the nature of the architecture of social media and their influence on definitions of identities and relationships. What are the effects on one’s social relations and therefore social identity of, for example, whether one chooses to use friends lists on Facebook or “circles” of different social categories as on Google+. The paper investigates the challenges involved in moving real life to the online environment and the contests in trying to designate social relational zones. They argue that in contrast to early utopia visions of social identity online, we are increasingly obligated to perform identity as it is defined by corporate monoliths such as Facebook and Google+. They suggest the new social practice of “being online” is just as pervasive as “being elsewhere”. Put another way we could ask: “Are social media an instance of the primacy of technological mediation of identity over social constructions of identity?” To remind us that identity is still thoroughly spatial—as well as digital—we next examine Michelle Hall's autoethnography of identity making in the intimate zone of a neighbourhood bar. Bars provide a shifting space where identifications are fluid, unpredictable, and thus open to opportunistic breaches. This unpredictability, and the interaction strategies we adopt to negotiate it, suggest ways in which a certain kind of third place experience can be developed and maintained in the contemporary inner city, where consumption based socialising is high, but where people are also mobile and less tied into fixed patterns of patronage. Nevertheless this process still involves a significant amount of emotional work. Establishing “a place where everybody knows your name” may not be likely. However Michelle's paper suggests that in consumption driven inner city zones, regular identification that operates at the boundaries of social realms can support a version of the easier friendship and congeniality that “third places” are hoped to offer. Giovani Semi describes and analyses the kinds of neighbourhoods in which such activities might take place, describing them as zones of authentic pleasure. His case study of gentrification of a Milanese neighbourhood—the Isola crossroads—argues that the multiple activities of small entrepreneurs and social actors can create zones of pleasure and authenticity—a softer side of gentrification. He in effect argues for a different kind of intervention to advance semiological warfare we referred to earlier, one in which local actors and passers-by contribute to the local making of atmosphere via daily consumption routines. The production of “atmosphere” in a gentrifying neighbourhood goes together with customers’ taste and preferences. The supply-side of building the aesthetic for a “pleasant” zone needs a demand-side, consumers buying, supporting, and appreciating the outcome of the activities of the entrepreneurs. Similar themes are explored by Donell Holloway and David Holloway who examine everyday routines and social relationships, when moving through and staying in liminal or atypical zones of tourist locales. Their key question is to ask how domestic zones are carried into, and maintained in tourist zones. In the case of the “grey nomads” they interview, mobile living quarters play a key role. More specifically, “the ‘everyday zone’ refers to the routines of quotidian life, or the mundane practices which make up our daily, at-home lives. These practices are closely connected with the domestic realm and include consumption practices (clothing, cooking, mass media) and everyday social interactions. The ‘tourist zone’ is similarly concerned with consumption. In this zone, however, tourists are seen to consume places; the culture, landscape, and peoples of exotic or out-of-the-ordinary tourist locales.” The next paper provides us with a link between zones which are first and foremost spatial and those which a more purely discursive. Deb Waterhouse-Watson and Adam Brown introduce Levi’s notion of “The Grey Zone” (published in 1986), based on Jewish prisoners in the Nazi-controlled camps and ghettos who obtained “privileged” positions in order to prolong their survival. Reflecting on the inherently complex power relations in such extreme settings, Levi positions the “grey zone” as a metaphor for moral ambiguity: a realm with “ill-defined outlines which both separate and join the two camps of masters and servants”. They then apply this to the issue of sexual assault within football culture in Australia and the representation of this in broadcast media. They argue that “Levi’s concept of the ‘grey zone’ helps elucidate the fraught issue of women’s potential complicity in a rape culture, a subject that challenges both understanding and representation. Despite participating in a culture that promotes the abuse, denigration, and humiliation of women, the roles of [the women involved], cannot in any way be conflated with the roles of the perpetrators of sexual assault. These and other “grey zones” need to be constantly rethought and renegotiated in order to develop a fuller understanding of human behaviour”. Our final paper similarly tackles a zone which is primarily discursive in nature namely “media spin zones” in political campaigns. In their examination of the American presidential elections Kara Stooksbury, Lori Maxwell, and Cynthia Brown usefully deploy the zone metaphor to analyse the pragmatics of a political communication system that has enormous stakes for the world. Using examples from the two most recent presidential elections, they draw attention to two separate, yet interrelated spin zones integral to understanding media/presidential relations—what they term the presidential spin zone and the media spin zone. The interplay between these zones determines the fate of elections. They discuss how the presidency can use image priming—that is ameliorating negative media portrayals and capitalising on positive portrayals, to effectively counterattack the media spin zone. From the intimate to the macro-urban; from the geographic to the discursive, the range of investigations in this issue shows that the idea of zones in social life can be applied meaningfully. They demonstrate the link between the way we think about our environment and the environments themselves. They also demonstrate the role of the media—both old and new—in refracting and morphing the operation of zones. The underlying theoretical architecture is eclectic, and the implied praxis at times, seemingly at odds, but as a whole they provide us with new insights into how the zones we live in effect our identity, community, ethics and politics. We commend these papers then, as an insightful response to our provocation to consider the concept of zone and its impact on our lives.

A Revista Ambiente Contábil (Ambiente) apresenta na sua 20ª edição com 21 (vinte e um) artigos que tratam de assuntos relevantes para a área contábil.Artigo 1 - COERÊNCIA NA EVIDENCIAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS AMBIENTAIS DAS EMPRESAS LISTADAS NO ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE EMPRESARIAL (ISE) de Bruna Sales, Suliani Rover e de Janaína da Silva Ferreira com o objetivo de analisar se as empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, que divulgaram suas respostas no Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) estão respondendo o seu questionário, no âmbito ambiental, de forma coerente com os seus relatórios de sustentabilidade.Artigo 2 - EVIDÊNCIAS DE ISOMORFISMO NAS PRÁTICAS DE CONTABILIDADE GERENCIAL: UM ESTUDO ENTRE EMPRESAS DA INDÚSTRIA DE ÁGUA MINERAL DA PARAÍBA de Karla Katiúscia Nóbrega de Almeida e de Antônio André Cunha Callado com o objetivo de investigar práticas de contabilidade gerencial adotadas nas empresas dedicadas à fabricação de água mineral envasadas no Estado da Paraíba em busca de evidências de isomorfismo.Artigo 3 - INDÍCIOS DE INCENTIVOS AO INCOME SHIFTING POR MEIO DE TRANSFER PRICE NAS EMPRESAS DA ZONA FRANCA DE MANAUS de Natália Barbosa de Melo, André Ricardo Reis Costa, Carla Macedo Velloso dos Santos e Silvia Elaine Moreira com o objetivo de investigar indícios de incentivo à prática de income shifting por meio de transfer price em empresas multinacionais da Zona Franca de Manaus.Artigo 4 - O PROFISSIONAL DE CONTABILIDADE E O MECANISMO DE DENÚNCIA EM UM CONTEXTO DE LAC E DE NOCLAR: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE ESTUDOS INTERNACIONAIS E NACIONAIS de Rosângela Mesquita Ayres, Fernanda Filgueiras Sauerbronn, Ana Carolina Pimentel Duarte da Fonseca e João Carlos Hipólito Bernardes do Nascimento com o objetivo de avaliar os estágios de desenvolvimento de estudos acadêmicos internacionais e nacionais (estado da arte) sobre a possibilidade de denúncia, como mecanismo de combate à fraude e à corrupção, por profissional de contabilidade.Artigo 5 - QUE FATORES POLÍTICOS INFLUENCIAM AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS REGULADAS E NÃO REGULADAS NOS PEQUENOS MUNICÍPIOS DO NORDESTE BRASILEIROS? de Willson Gerigk, Flávio Ribeiro e Alessandro Lepchak com o objetivo de determinar que fatores políticos exerceram influência sobre as políticas públicas reguladas e não reguladas.Artigo 6 - MISSÃO INSTITUCIONAL: ANÁLISE DOS ELEMENTOS DE PEARCE II (1982) NA MISSÃO DAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS de Monique Albers Araújo, Paula de Souza Michelon e Rogério João Lunkes com o objetivo de identificar e analisar os elementos propostos por Pearce II (1982) presentes nas missões das universidades públicas do Brasil.Artigo 7 - RELAÇÃO ENTRE A QUALIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO RECEBIDA E O NÍVEL DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ÁREA DE NEGÓCIOS de Ricardo Adriano Antonelli, Ana Claudia Afra Neitzke, Simone Bernardes Voese com o objetivo de analisar a relação entre a qualidade da informação recebida por profissionais da área de negócios e o nível de tomada de decisão desses indivíduos.Artigo 8 - ANÁLISE DA PERCEPÇÃO DOS DOCENTES QUANTO AOS MÉTODOS BASEADOS EM ATIVIDADES de Márcio Provenzano, Matiél Cherobini, Rafael Luis Pessin, Débora Gomes Machado e de Marcos Antonio de Souza com o objetivo de analisar a percepção dos docentes e pesquisadores brasileiros quanto aos métodos baseados em atividades.Artigo 9 - EFEITOS DOS ACCRUALS DISCRICIONÁRIOS E DAS OPERAÇÕES DE HEDGE SOBRE O VALOR DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS de Edgar Pamplona, Clóvis Fiirst, Michele Gonçalves e Roberto Carlos Klann com o objetivo de identificar os efeitos dos accruals discricionários e das operações de hedge sobre o valor das empresas brasileiras, medido pela proxy Q de Tobin.Artigo 10 - UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS TRIBUTOS DIFERIDOS NO SETOR DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL de Paulo César de Melo Mendes e Renan Palhares Torreão Braz com o objetivo de analisar a adequação das práticas contábeis apresentadas pelas entidades do setor de construção civil às recomendações doutrinárias e normativas dos principais órgãos, bem como o impacto, em termos numéricos, dos tributos diferidos.Artigo 11 - INFLUÊNCIA DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NA PARTICIPAÇÃO DO ISEBOVESPA de Ednilto Pereira Tavares Júnior, Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa e Isabel Cristina Henriques Sales com o objetivo de investigar, através da regressão logística, a influência das variáveis endividamento, controle estatal e participação no índice de governança da BOVESPA, todas associadas à governança corporativa, na probabilidade de a empresa vir a participar do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial da BM&FBOVESPA (ISEBOVESPA).Artigo 12 - PERCEPÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES E EGRESSOS DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS SOBRE A ADESÃO DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS ÀS IFRS de Jessica Giovana Nolli, Sady Mazzioni e Cristian Baú Dal Magro com o objetivo de analisar a percepção de estudantes e egressos de Ciências Contábeis sobre a adesão às normas internacionais de contabilidade no padrão IFRS pelas empresas brasileiras.Artigo 13 - INTANGIBILIDADE DO CAPITAL INTELECTUAL NA PRÁTICA DOS ESCRITÓRIOS DE CONTABILIDADE de Fabrício Ramos Neves, Raíssa Silveira de Farias, Natália Guimarães de Santana e Carlos Adivaldino Silva Vieira de Carvalho com o objetivo de discorrer sobre a compreensão dos profissionais de contabilidade em relação ao Capital Intelectual, no que tange ao seu conhecimento sobre o assunto, sobre a sua importância e a aplicabilidade prática dada pelos escritórios de contabilidade.Artigo 14 - O IMPACTO DO INVENTÁRIO DE EMISSÕES (GEE) NOS DESEMPENHOS OPERACIONAL E FINANCEIRO DAS EMPRESAS PARTICIPANTES DO GHG de Roberto Oliveira Santos, Sonia Maria da Silva Gomes e Nverson da Cruz Oliveira com o objetivo de verificar a relação entre a adoção de inventários de emissões de GEE e os desempenhos operacional e financeiro das empresas entre 2008 a 2015.Artigo 15 - VERIFICAÇÃO DA CONFORMIDADE DOS RELATÓRIOS DE AUDITORIA DE EMPRESAS DO RAMO DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA de Sirlei Tonello Tisott, Maria Irlane da Silva Peixoto, Tayná Aparecida Carvalho Zumba, Nilton Cezar Carraro e Marco Aurélio Batista de Sousa com o objetivo de analisar o relatório do auditor independente das empresas do ramo da construção civil listadas na BM&FBOVESPA com o propósito de verificar a conformidade com as NBC TAs vigentes em 1° de janeiro de 2017.Artigo 16 - Mecanismos de controle nos processos licitatórios: A percepção dos Pregoeiros de Márcio Mateus Ferreira de Aquino, Rossana Guerra de Sousa, Gesualdo Menezes Cavalcante, Felipe Machado Duarte e Fabíola Cristina de Oliveira Bento Aquino com o objetivo de investigar a percepção dos pregoeiros do setor público quanto aos mecanismos de controle no combate à corrupção em processos licitatórios através da identificação e reconhecimento deste grupo quanto a nove mecanismos de controle que podem ser empregados contra tal prática.Artigo 17 - RENTABILIDADE DE CLIENTES E GESTÃO EM HOTÉIS: UM ESTUDO EM PERNAMBUCO de Sara Beatriz da Silva Luna e Carla Renata Silva Leitão com o objetivo de investigar a prática da análise da rentabilidade de clientes nos hotéis pernambucanos.Artigo 18 - GERENCIAMENTO DE RESULTADOS CONTÁBEIS EM COOPERATIVAS DE CRÉDITO NO BRASIL de José Alves Dantas, Marco Aurélio Barros Borges e Bruno Vinícius Ramos Fernandes com o objetivo de identificar se as cooperativas de crédito no Brasil utilizam as Provisões para Créditos de Liquidação Duvidosa (PCLD) como mecanismo de gerenciamento de resultados contábeis.Artigo 19 - Determinantes da estrutura de capital de empresas brasileirAS de capital aberto em período de crise de Paulo Augusto Pettenuzzo de Britto, André Luiz Marques Serrano e de Víthor Rosa Franco com o objetivo de verificar empiricamente os fatores determinantes da estrutura de capital de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, com ações negociadas na BM&FBosvepa, no período 2010-2017.Artigo 20 - GASTOS SOCIAIS INTERNOS E O DESEMPENHO DAS EMPRESAS DO ISE de Francis Albino Zanelato, Tadeu Grando, Vanessa de Quadros Martins, Francisco Antônio Mesquita Zanini com o objetivo de analisar se os gastos sociais internos, evidenciados conforme a NBC 15, afetam o desempenho de empresas do ISE.Artigo 21 - CARACTERÍSTICAS DO CONSELHO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO E DO COMITÊ DE AUDITORIA DAS EMPRESAS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA de Marilbeth Carolina Rodríguez Reyes, Paulo Roberto da Cunha, Moacir Manoel Rodrigues Junior e Bianca Cecon com o objetivo de verificar as características do conselho de administração e do comitê de auditoria das empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa.Boa leitura. Cordiais saudações!Prof. Dr. Maurício Corrêa da SilvaEditor Gerente da Revista Ambiente Contábil

AbstractThe teacher of physical education, became in the course of the years, a professional valued by society, in such a way that, currently integrates multidisciplinary teams in the single system of health-SUS, and through its interdisciplinary approach, comes gaining more and more space. For this purpose, the objective of this research is to analyze the training offered in the course of undergraduate degree in physical education at Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. For this, this study has as methodology the field research and exploratory, because it has as focus the information and/or knowledge about a problem or situation, seeking answers to either, or proving assumptions, discovering new phenomena or the Relations between them. The scenario of this research was the Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, in particular, interviews with the faculty of the Physical Education course of the aforementioned University in the year 2017. From the findings, the profile of these teachers was observed: men, aged between 41 and 50 years, masters, graduated in physical education from the Universidade de Fortaleza, sought a master's degree or doctorate in the area of health, have between 20 to 29 experience in Higher education and have between one to five years of experience in the university cited it is believed that the concept of health exerts influence in the training of the professionals of physical education, and other attitudes are necessary for the modification of the framework found. In this way, it is understood that the initial formation of those involved did not prepare them to address the thematic health in the school.ResumoO professor de Educação Física, tornou-se no decorrer dos anos, um profissional valorizado pela sociedade, de tal modo que, atualmente integra equipes multidisciplinares no Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, e através de sua abordagem interdisciplinar, vem conquistando cada vez mais espaço. Com este intuito, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a formação oferecida no curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. Para tanto, este estudo tem como metodologia a pesquisa de campo e exploratória, pois tem como foco as informações e/ou conhecimentos sobre um problema ou situação, buscando respostas para tanto, ou comprovando pressupostos, descobrindo novos fenômenos ou as relações entre eles. O cenário desta pesquisa foi a Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, em específico, entrevistas com os docentes do curso de Educação Física da referida universidade, no ano de 2017. A partir dos achados, observou-se o perfil destes professores: homens, com idades entre 41 e 50 anos, mestres, formados em Educação Física pela Universidade de Fortaleza, com mestrado ou doutorado na área da Saúde, têm entre 20 a 29 anos de experiência no Ensino Superior e possuem entre um a cinco anos de experiência na Universidade citada. Acredita-se que o conceito de saúde exerça influência na formação dos profissionais de Educação Física, sendo necessárias outras atitudes para a modificação do quadro encontrado. Dessa forma, percebe-se que a formação inicial dos envolvidos não os preparou para abordar a temática saúde na escola.ResumenEl profesor de educación física, se convirtió en el curso de los años, un profesional valorado por la sociedad, de tal manera que, actualmente integra equipos multidisciplinares en el sistema único de salud-sus, y a través de su enfoque interdisciplinario, viene ganando más y más espacio. Con este fin, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la formación ofrecida en el curso de licenciatura en educación física en la Universidad Estatal de Vale do Acaraú. Para ello, este estudio tiene como metodología la investigación de campo y exploratoria, ya que tiene como foco la información y/o conocimiento sobre un problema o situación, buscando respuestas a cualquiera, o probando hipótesis, descubriendo nuevos fenómenos o el Las relaciones entre ellos. El escenario de esta investigación fue la Universidad Estatal de Vale do Acaraú, en particular, entrevistas con la facultad del curso de educación física de la mencionada universidad en el año 2017. A partir de las conclusiones, se observó el perfil de estos docentes: hombres, de entre 41 y 50 años de edad, maestros, graduados en educación física por la Universidad de fortaleza, solicitaron una maestría o doctorado en el área de salud, tienen entre 20 y 29 experiencias en La educación superior y tienen entre uno a cinco años de experiencia en la Universidad citada se cree que el concepto de salud ejerce influencia en la formación de los profesionales de la educación física, y otras actitudes son necesarias para la modificación del marco encontrado. De esta manera, se entiende que la formación inicial de los involucrados no los preparó para abordar la salud temática en la escuela.Palavras-chave: Formação profissional, Educação física e treinamento, Serviços de saúde escolar.Keywords: Vocational training, Physical education and training, School health services.Palabras clave: Formación profesional, Educación física y formación, Servicios de salud escolar.ReferencesANDRADE, Maria do Carmo Ferreira; SOUZA, Ana Cláudia Ribeiro de. A formação de professores na utilização da metodologia por competências – SENAI em Manaus. 5° CONGRESSO IBERO-AMERICANO EM INVESTIGAÇÃO QUALITATIVA, Atas CIAIQ, 2016. BRASIL. Ministério da Educação e Cultura – MEC. Referenciais para formação de professores. Brasília: MEC/Secretaria de Educação Fundamental, 2002.BRASIL. Conselho Nacional de Educação. Resolução CNE/CES 7/2004. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, 5 de abril de 2004, Seção 1, p. 18.BRASIL. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. 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Introduction: At the Crossroad Well, I’ve been an important pawn [in regeneration], for instance, changing doors and windows, enlarging them, eliminating shutters and thus having big open windows, light […] Then came the florist, through a common friend, who was the second huge pawn who trusted in this […] then came the pastry shop. (Alberto, 54, shop owner). Alberto is the owner of Pleasure Factory, one of two upmarket restaurants in a gentrifying crossroads area in northern Milan. He started buying apartments and empty stores in the 1980s, later becoming property manager of the building where he still lives. He also opened two restaurants, and then set up a neighbourhood commercial organisation. Alberto’s activities, and those of people like him, have been able to reverse the image and the usage of this public crossroad. This is something of which all of the involved actors are well aware. They have “bet,” as they say, and somehow “won” by changing people’s common understanding of, and approach to, this zone. This paper argues for the necessity of a closer look at the ways that place is produced through the multiple activities of small entrepreneurs and social actors, such as Alberto. This is because these activities represent the softer side of gentrification, and can create zones of pleasure and authenticity. Whilst market forces and multiple public interventions of gentrification’s “hard” side can lead to the displacement of people and uneven development, these softer zones of authenticity and pleasure have the power to shape the general neighbourhood brand (Atkinson 1830). Speaking rhetorically, these zones act as synecdoche for the surrounding environment. Places are in part built through the “atmosphere” that consumers seek throughout their daily routines. Following Gernot Böhme’s approach to spatial aesthetics, atmosphere can be viewed as the “relation between environmental qualities and human states” (114) and this relation is worked out daily in gentrified neighbourhoods. Not only do the passer-bys, local entrepreneurs, and sociologists contribute to the local making of atmosphere, but so does the production of the environmental qualities. These are the private and public interventions aimed at refurbishing, and somehow sanitising, specific zones of central neighbourhoods in order to make them suitable for middle class tastes (Julier 875). Not all gentrification processes are similar however, because of the unique influence of each city’s scalar rearrangements. The following section therefore briefly describes the changes in Milan in recent times. The paper will then describe the making of a zone of authentic pleasure at the Isola crossroads. I will show that soft gentrification happens through the making of specific zones where supply and demand match in ways that make for pleasant living. Milan, from Global to Local and Back Milan has a peculiar role in both the Italian and European contexts. Its metropolitan area, of 7.4 million inhabitants on a 12 000 km² surface, makes it the largest in Italy and the fifth in Europe (following Ruhr, Moscow, Paris and London). The municipal power has been pushing for a long-term strategy of population growth that would make Milan the “downtown” of the overall metropolitan area (Bricocoli and Savoldi 19), and take advantage of scalar rearrangements, such as State reconfigurations and setbacks. The overall goal of the government of Milan has been to increase the tax base and the local government’s political power. Milan also demonstrates the entrepreneurial turn adopted by many global cities, evident in the amount of project-based interventions, the involvement of international architecture studios (“La città della Moda” by Cesar Pelli; “Santa Giulia” by Norman Foster; “City-Life” and “the Fair” by Zaha Hadid and David Libeskind), and the hosting of mega-events, such as the Expo 2015. The Milan growth machine works then at different scales (global, national, city-region, neighbourhood) with several organisational actors involved, enormous investments and heavy political struggles to decide which coalition of winning actors will ride the tiger of uneven development. However, when we look at those transformations through the lens of the neighbourhood what we see is the making of zones within the larger texture of its streets and squares. This zone-making is similar to leopard’s spots within a contained urban space, it works for some time in specific streets and crossroads, then moves throughout the neighbourhood, as the process of gentrification goes on. The neighbourhood, which the zone of authentic pleasure I’m describing occurs, is called Isola (Island) because of its clustered shape between a railroad on the southern border and three major roads on the others. Isola was, until the 1980s, a working-class residential space with a strong tradition of left-wing political activism, with some small manufacturing businesses and minor commercial activities. This area remained quite removed from the overall urban development that radically shifted Milan towards a service economy in the 1960s and 1970s. However, during the 1980s and 1990s, the land price impacts of private activities and public policies in surrounding neighbourhoods increasingly pushed people and activities in the direction of Isola. Alberto explains this drift through the example of his first apartment: Just look at the evolution of my apartment. I bought it [in the 1980s] for 57 million lira, I remember, then sold it in 1992 for 160, then it was sold again for 200 000 euros, then four years ago for 250 000 and you have to understand that we’re talking about 47 square metres. If you consider the last price, 250 000, I’ll tell you that when I first came to the neighbourhood you could easily buy an entire building with that money. The building at number five in this street was entirely sold for 550 millions lira—you understand now why Isola is a huge real estate investment, people like it, its central, well served by the underground—well it still has to grow from a commercial standpoint… This evolution in land prices is clear when translated into the price for square metre: 2.4 euros for square meter in 1985, 3.4 in 1992, 4.2 in 2000 and 5.3 in 2006. The ratio increase is 120% in 20 years, demonstrating both the general boost in the economy of the area and also what is at stake within uneven development. What this paper argues is that parallel to this political economy dimension, which may be called the “hard side” of gentrification, there is also a “soft side” that deserves a closer attention. Pastry shops, cafés, bars, restaurants are as strategic as real estate investments (Zukin, Landscapes 195). The spatial concept that best captures the rationale of these activities is the zone, meaning a small and localised cluster of activities. I chose to add the features of pleasure and authenticity because of the role they play in ordinary consumption practices. In order to illustrate the specific relevance of soft gentrification I will now turn to the description of the Isola crossroad, a place that has been re-created through the interventions of several actors, such as Alberto above, and also Franca and her pastry shop. A Zone of Authentic Pleasure: Franca’s Pleasure Corner We’re walking through a small residential street and arrive at a crossroad. We turn to look to the four corners, one is occupied by a public school building, the second and the third by upmarket restaurants, and the last by a “typical” Sicilian pastry shop and café. We decide to enter here, find a seat and order a coffee together with a small cassata, a cake made with sweet cheese, almonds, pistachios and candied fruit. While we are experiencing this southern Italian breakfast at some thousand miles of spatial distance from its original site, a short man enters. He’s a well renowned TV comedian, best known for his would-be-magician gags. Everybody in the café recognises him but pretends to ignore his presence, he buys some pastries and leaves. Other customers come and go. The shop owner, an Italian lady in her forties called Franca, approaches to me and declares: “as you can see for yourself, we see elegant people here.” In this kind of neighbourhood it is common to see and share space with such “elegant” and well-known people, and to feel that a pleasant atmosphere is created through this public display. Franca opened the pastry shop three years ago, a short time after the upmarket restaurants on the other corners. However, when we interviewed her she wasn’t yet satisfied with the atmosphere: “when I go downtown and come back, I feel depressed … it’s developing but still has not grown enough … Isn’t one of the classic rich places in Milan—it’s kind of a weird place.” Through these and other similar statements she expressed a feeling of delusion toward the neighbourhood—a feeling on which she’s building her tale—that emerged in contrast to the kind of environment Franca would consider more apt for her shop. Franca’s a newcomer, but knows that the neighbourhood has been “sanitised.” “It really was a criminal area” she states, using overtly derogatory terms just like they were neutral: “riffraff” for the customers of ordinary bars, “dull” for the northern part of the neighbourhood where “there even are kebab shops.” In contrast she lists her beloved customers: journalists, architects, two tenors, people working at the theatre nearby, and the local TV celebrity described earlier. When she refers to the crossroad she speaks of it as, “maybe the gem of the neighbourhood.” At some point she declares what makes her proud: A place like this regenerates the neighbourhood—to be sure, if I ever open a harbour bar I’d attract riffraff who would discredit the place. In short it’s not, to make an example, a club where you play cards, that bring in the underworld, noise, nuisance—here the customer is the typical middle class, all right people. The term “all right people” reoccurs in several of Franca’s statements. Her initial economic sacrifices, relative though if, as she says, she’s able to open another shop in a more central place (“we would like to become a chain-store”), are now compensated by the recognition she gets from her more polished clients. She also expresses a personal satisfaction in the role she has played in the changes in Isola: “until now it’s just a matter of personal satisfaction—of seeing, I’ve built this stuff.” Franca’s story demonstrates that the soft side of gentrification is also produced by individuals that have little in common with the huge capital investment that is at stake in real estate development, or the chain stores that are also opening in the neighbourhood. In one way, Franca is alone in her quest for regeneration, as most entrepreneurs are. In another way, though, she is not. Not only is she participating in the “upgrading” together with other small business owners and consumers who all agree on the direction to follow, thus building together a zone of authentic pleasure, but she can also rely on a “critical infrastructure” of architects, designers and consultants (Zukin, Landscapes 202) that knows perfectly how to do the job. With much pride in her interior design choices, Franca pointed out how her café mixes chic with classic and opposing them to a flashy and folk décor. She showed us the black-and-white pictures at the wall depicting Paris in the 1960s, the unique design coffee machine model she owns, and the flower vases conceived by a famous designer and filled by her neighbour florist. The colours chosen for the interior are orange, tied to oranges—a typical product of Sicily, whereas the brown colour relates to the land, and the gold is linked to elegance. The mixing of warm colours, Franca explained, makes the atmosphere cosy. Where did this owner get all these idea(l)s? Franca relied on an Italian interior design studio, which works at a global scale furnishing hotels, restaurants, bars, shops, bathing establishments, and airports in New York, Barcelona, Paris, and Milan. The architect with whom she dealt with let her “work together” in order to have an autonomous set of choices that match the brand’s offer. Authenticity thus becomes part of the décor in a systematic way, and the feeling of a pleasant atmosphere is constantly reproduced through the daily routines of consumption. Again, not alone in the regeneration process but feeling as if she is “on her own,” Franca struggles daily to protect the atmosphere she’s building: “My point is avoiding having kids or tramps as customers—I don’t want an indiscriminate presence, like people coming here for a glass of wine and maybe getting drunk. I mean, this is not the place to come and have a bianchino [cheap white wine]. People coming here have a spumante, and behave in a completely different fashion.” The opposition between a bianchino, the cheap white wine, and the spumante is one that clarifies the moral boundary between the targets of soft gentrification. In Italian popular culture, and especially in the past, it was a common male habit to have bianchino from late morning onwards. Bars therefore served as gendered public spaces where common people would rest from working activities and the family sphere. Franca, together with many new bars and cafes that construct zones of authentic pleasure in gentrifying neighbourhoods, is trying to update this cultural practice. The spumante adds a sparkling element to consumption and is branded as a trendy aperitif wine, which appeals to younger tastes and lifestyles. By utilising a global design studio, Franca connects to global patterns of urban development and the homogenising of local atmospheres. Furthermore, by preferencing different consumption behaviours she contributes to the social transformation of the neighbourhood by selecting customers. This tendency towards segregation, rather than mixing, is a relevant feature here, since the Franca’s favourite clientele are clearly “people like us” (Butler 2469). Zones like the one described above are thus places where uneven development shows its social, interactive and public façade. Pleasure and Authenticity in Soft Gentrification The production of “atmosphere” in a gentrifying neighbourhood goes together with customers’ taste and preferences. The supply-side of building the environmental landscape for a “pleasant” zone needs a demand-side, consumers buying, supporting, and appreciating the outcome of the activities of business people like Franca. The two are one, most of the time, because tastes and preferences are linked to class, gender, and ethnicity, which makes a sort of mutual redundancy. To put it abruptly: similar people, spending their time in the same places and in a similar way. As I have shown above, the pastry shop owner Franca went for mixing chic and classic in her interior design. That is distinctiveness and familiarity, individualisation and commonality in one unique environment. Seen from the consumer’s perspective, this leads to what has been depicted by Sharon Zukin in her account of the crisis of authenticity in New York. People, she says, are yearning for authenticity because this: reflects the separation between our experience of space and our sense of self that is so much a part of modern mentalities. Though we think authenticity refers to a neighbourhood’s innate qualities, it really expresses our own anxieties about how places change. The idea of authenticity is important because it connects our individual yearning to root ourselves in a singular time and place to a cosmic grasp or larger social forces that remake our world from many small and often invisible actions. (220) Among the “many small and invisible actions” are the ones made by Franca and the global interior design firm she hired, but also those done daily by her customers. For instance, Christian a young advertising executive who lives two blocks away from the pastry shop. He defines himself an “executive creative director” [in English, while the interview was in Italian]. Asked on cooking practices and the presentation he makes to his guests, he declares that the main effort is on: The mise en place—the mise en place with no doubt. The mise en place must be appropriate to what you’re doing. Sometimes you get the mise en place simply serving a plateau, when you correctly couple cheese and salami, even better when you couple fresh cheese with vegetables or you give a slightly creative touch with some fruit salad, like seitan with avocado, no? They become beautiful to see and the mise en place saves it, the aesthetics does its job …Do you feel there are foods, beverages or consumption occasions you consider not worth giving up at all? The only thing I wouldn’t give up is going out in the morning, and having a cappuccino down there in the tiny pastry shop and having some brioches while I’m at the bar. Those that are not frozen beforehand but cooked just in time and have a breakfast, for just two euros, two euros and ten […] cappuccino and fresh brioche, baked just then, otherwise I cannot even think—if I’m in Milan I hardly think correctly—I mean I can’t wake up really without a good cappuccino and a good brioche. Christian is one of the new residents that was attracted to this neighbourhood because of the benefits of its uneven development: relatively affordable rent prices, services, and atmosphere. Commonality is among them, but also distinctiveness. Each morning he can have his “good cappuccino and good brioche” freshly baked to suit his taste and that allows him to differentiate between other brioches, namely the industrialised ones, those “frozen beforehand.” More importantly, he can do this by simply crossing the street and entering one of the pleasure zones that are making Isola, there and now, the new gentrified Milanese neighbourhood. Zones of Authentic Pleasure In this paper I have argued that a closer attention to the softer side of gentrification can help to understand how taste and uneven development mesh together, to produce the common shape we find in gentrified neighbourhoods. These typical urban spaces are made of streets, sidewalks, squares, and walls, but also shop windows and signs, pavement cafés, planters, and the street-life that turns around all of this. Both built environment and interaction produces the atmosphere of authentic pleasure, which is offered by local entrepreneurs and sought by the people who go there. Pleasure is a central feature because of the increasing role of consumption activities in the city and the role of individual consumption practices. I f we observe closely the local scale where all of these practices take place, we can clearly distinguish one zone from another because of their localised effervescence. Neighbourhoods are not equally affected by gentrification. Internally specific zones emerge as those having the capacity to subsume the entire process. These are the ones I have described in this paper—zones of authentic pleasure, where the supply and demand for an authentic distinctive and communal atmosphere takes place. Ephemeral spaces; if one looks at the political economy of place through a macro lens. But if the aim is to understand why certain zones prove to be successful and others not, then exploring how soft gentrification is daily produced and consumed is fundamental.Acknowledgments This article draws on data produced by the research team for the CSS project ‘Middle Class and Consumption: Boundaries, Standards and Discourses’. The team comprised Marco Santoro, Roberta Sassatelli and Giovanni Semi (Coordinators), Davide Caselli, Federica Davolio, Paolo Magaudda, Chiara Marchetti, Federico Montanari and Francesca Pozzi (Research Fellows). The ethnographic data on Milan were mainly produced by Davide Caselli and by the Author. The author wishes to thank the anonymous referees for wise and kind remarks and Michelle Hall for editing and suggestions. References Atkinson, Rowland. “Domestication by Cappuccino or a Revenge on Urban Space? 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