Journal articles: 'Gins'

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Hou, Bin, Rong Yong, Jiya Wuen, Yong Zhang, Buhe Buyin, Dihua Subu, Huhen Zha, Hong Li, and Surong Hasi. "Positivity Rate Investigation and Anthelmintic Resistance Analysis of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep and Cattle in Ordos, China." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070891.

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Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), such as Trichostrongylidae, are important pathogens in small ruminants, causing significant losses in these livestock species. Despite their veterinary importance, GINs have not been studied in certain regions of the world. Therefore, much of their epidemiology and economic impact on production remain unknown. In the present study, a systematic epidemiological survey based on the modified McMaster technique was conducted to investigate the type and infection of GINs in sheep and cattle. In 9622 fecal samples from 491 sampling sites in the four main banner districts of Ordos, the prevalence of GIN infection was found to be 38.84% and 4.48% in sheep and cattle, respectively. At the same time, the effects of four pasture types on the distribution of GINs were analyzed. This study also found severe resistance to ivermectin and albendazole in GINs and suspected anthelmintic resistance in nitroxynil, levamisole and closantel. We report the type and infection of GINs in Ordos, with the aim to help the prevention and control of GINs. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey and GIN resistance test, we found several reasons for the anthelmintic resistance of GINs, consequently providing new ideas for controlling the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance.

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Funk, Paul A., and Robert G. Hardin IV. "COTTON GINNING HANDBOOK: Energy Utilization and Conservation in Cotton Gins." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 2 (2017): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/tblf7573.

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Gins have become more energy efficient. However, energy costs account for 25% of the total variable costs of ginning, including seasonal labor, increasing from 15% in 1994. Recent studies found that average electricity use at gins is approximately 35 kWh per bale, down from 53 kWh per bale reported in 1980. However, gins must continue to increase efficiency to remain profitable and consumers are increasingly concerned with the sustainability of textile products. This paper reviews recent research on energy use and conservation in cotton gins and offers suggestions on ways for gin managers to reduce energy use based on this research. Gins should focus on maximizing their ginning rate and sustaining this rate as much as possible during the ginning season. Increased ginning rates will reduce per-bale costs of not only electricity and fuel, but labor as well. Maintaining consistent material flow through the gin, matching equipment capacities, and minimizing downtime allows gins to produce more bales per shift. More than half the electricity at gins is used for material handling, primarily by the large centrifugal fans used to convey materials. The cost of conveying materials should be considered when designing or updating gins. Gins should use only the volume of air necessary for consistent conveying and adequate drying and need to eliminate unnecessary friction losses in conveying systems. To reduce fuel use, dryer control systems should be used to avoid excessive drying of cotton. Insulating drying systems might be economically feasible, particularly from the burner to the mixpoint. Gins also should consider strategies to reduce the prices paid for electricity and fuel.

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Pai, Chen Chun, Ignacio García, Shao Win Wang, Sue Cotterill, Stuart A. MacNeill, and Stephen E. Kearsey. "GINS Inactivation Phenotypes Reveal Two Pathways for Chromatin Association of Replicative α and ε DNA Polymerases in Fission Yeast." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2009): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-04-0429.

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The tetrameric GINS complex, consisting of Sld5-Psf1-Psf2-Psf3, plays an essential role in the initiation and elongation steps of eukaryotic DNA replication, although its biochemical function is unclear. Here we investigate the function of GINS in fission yeast, using fusion of Psf1 and Psf2 subunits to a steroid hormone-binding domain (HBD) to make GINS function conditional on the presence of β-estradiol. We show that inactivation of Psf1-HBD causes a tight but rapidly reversible DNA replication arrest phenotype. Inactivation of Psf2-HBD similarly blocks premeiotic DNA replication and leads to loss of nuclear localization of another GINS subunit, Psf3. Inactivation of GINS has distinct effects on the replication origin association and chromatin binding of two of the replicative DNA polymerases. Inactivation of Psf1 leads to loss of chromatin binding of DNA polymerase ε, and Cdc45 is similarly affected. In contrast, chromatin association of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α is not affected by defective GINS function. We suggest that GINS functions in a pathway that involves Cdc45 and is necessary for DNA polymerase ε chromatin binding, but that a separate pathway sets up the chromatin association of DNA polymerase α.

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Yoshimochi, Takehiro, Ryosuke Fujikane, Miyuki Kawanami, Fujihiko Matsunaga, and Yoshizumi Ishino. "The GINS Complex from Pyrococcus furiosus Stimulates the MCM Helicase Activity." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 3 (November 5, 2007): 1601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m707654200.

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Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophilic Archaea, has homologs of the eukaryotic MCM (mini-chromosome maintenance) helicase and GINS complex. The MCM and GINS proteins are both essential factors to initiate DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Many biochemical characterizations of the replication-related proteins have been reported, but it has not been proved that the homologs of each protein are also essential for replication in archaeal cells. Here, we demonstrated that the P. furiosus GINS complex interacts with P. furiosus MCM. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the GINS complex is detected preferentially at the oriC region on Pyrococcus chromosomal DNA during the exponential growth phase but not in the stationary phase. Furthermore, the GINS complex stimulates both the ATPase and DNA helicase activities of MCM in vitro. These results strongly suggest that the archaeal GINS is involved in both the initiation and elongation processes of DNA replication in P. furiosus, as observed in eukaryotic cells.

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MacNeill, Stuart A. "Structure and function of the GINS complex, a key component of the eukaryotic replisome." Biochemical Journal 425, no. 3 (January 15, 2010): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20091531.

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High-fidelity chromosomal DNA replication is fundamental to all forms of cellular life and requires the complex interplay of a wide variety of essential and non-essential protein factors in a spatially and temporally co-ordinated manner. In eukaryotes, the GINS complex (from the Japanese go-ichi-ni-san meaning 5-1-2-3, after the four related subunits of the complex Sld5, Psf1, Psf2 and Psf3) was recently identified as a novel factor essential for both the initiation and elongation stages of the replication process. Biochemical analysis has placed GINS at the heart of the eukaryotic replication apparatus as a component of the CMG [Cdc45–MCM (minichromosome maintenance) helicase–GINS] complex that most likely serves as the replicative helicase, unwinding duplex DNA ahead of the moving replication fork. GINS homologues are found in the archaea and have been shown to interact directly with the MCM helicase and with primase, suggesting a central role for the complex in archaeal chromosome replication also. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the structure, function and evolution of the GINS complex in eukaryotes and archaea, discusses possible functions of the GINS complex and highlights recent results that point to possible regulation of GINS function in response to DNA damage.

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Xu, Yuli, Tamzin Gristwood, Ben Hodgson, Jonathan C. Trinidad, Sonja-Verena Albers, and Stephen D. Bell. "Archaeal orthologs of Cdc45 and GINS form a stable complex that stimulates the helicase activity of MCM." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 47 (November 7, 2016): 13390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613825113.

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The regulated recruitment of Cdc45 and GINS is key to activating the eukaryotic MCM(2-7) replicative helicase. We demonstrate that the homohexameric archaeal MCM helicase associates with orthologs of GINS and Cdc45 in vivo and in vitro. Association of these factors with MCM robustly stimulates the MCM helicase activity. In contrast to the situation in eukaryotes, archaeal Cdc45 and GINS form an extremely stable complex before binding MCM. Further, the archaeal GINS•Cdc45 complex contains two copies of Cdc45. Our analyses give insight into the function and evolution of the conserved core of the archaeal/eukaryotic replisome.

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Wakelyn, Phillip, and Kelley Green. "Cotton Gin Regulatory Issues." Journal of Cotton Science 20, no. 2 (2016): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/agdp4526.

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The many workplace, environmental, and other regulations that apply to cotton gins that need to be addressed through programs to ensure compliance are discussed. Some of the regulations discussed in this chapter apply to all gins, whereas other regulations will apply to some gins, but not all. Most of the environmental and workplace legislation was passed by Congress in the 1970s. This has led to many workplace and environmental regulations promulgated pursuant to these laws. In the future there will be even more regulations and these regulations will continue to be more comprehensive and restrictive.

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8

Lang, Shiwei, and Li Huang. "The Sulfolobus solfataricus GINS Complex Stimulates DNA Binding and Processive DNA Unwinding by Minichromosome Maintenance Helicase." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 21 (August 17, 2015): 3409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00496-15.

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ABSTRACTGINS is a key component of the eukaryotic Cdc45-minichromosome maintenance (MCM)-GINS (CMG) complex, which unwinds duplex DNA at the moving replication fork. Archaeal GINS complexes have been shown to stimulate the helicase activity of their cognate MCM mainly by elevating its ATPase activity. Here, we report that GINS from the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeonSulfolobus solfataricus(SsoGINS) is capable of DNA binding and binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Notably, SsoGINS binds more strongly to dsDNA with a 5′ ssDNA tail than to dsDNA with a 3′ tail and more strongly to an ssDNA fragment blocked at the 3′ end than to one at the 5′ end with a biotin-streptavidin (SA) complex, suggesting the ability of the protein complex to slide in a 5′-to-3′ direction along ssDNA. DNA-bound SsoGINS enhances DNA binding by SsoMCM. Furthermore, SsoGINS increases the helicase activity of SsoMCM. However, the ATPase activity of SsoMCM is not affected by SsoGINS. Our results suggest that SsoGINS facilitates processive DNA unwinding by SsoMCM by enhancing the binding of the helicase to DNA. We propose that SsoGINS stabilizes the interaction of SsoMCM with the replication fork and moves along with the helicase as the fork progresses.IMPORTANCEGINS is a key component of the eukaryotic Cdc45-MCM-GINS complex, a molecular motor that drives the unwinding of DNA in front of the replication fork.Archaeaalso encode GINS, which interacts with MCM, the helicase. But how archaeal GINS serves its role remains to be understood. In this study, we show that GINS from the hyperthermophilic archaeonSulfolobus solfataricusis able to bind to DNA and slide along ssDNA in a 5′-to-3′ direction. Furthermore,SulfolobusGINS enhances DNA binding by MCM, which slides along ssDNA in a 3′-to-5′ direction. Taken together, these results suggest thatSulfolobusGINS may stabilize the interaction of MCM with the moving replication fork, facilitating processive DNA unwinding.

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R. G. Hardin IV and P. A. Funk. "Electricity Use Patterns in Cotton Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 28, no. 6 (2012): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42471.

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R. V. Baker and W. F. Lalor. "MULTISTAGE TRASH EXTRACTOR FOR COTTON GINS." Transactions of the ASAE 33, no. 5 (1990): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31493.

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W. S. Anthony. "Automated Sampling Stations for Cotton Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 8, no. 6 (1992): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26111.

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D. P. Whitelock, C. B. Armijo, M. D. Buser, and S. E. Hughs. "Using Cyclones Effectively at Cotton Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25, no. 4 (2009): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27467.

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Liu, Chunhua, Renfu Wang, and Yu Zhang. "GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) plays a protective role in alcohol-induced brain injury." Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 47, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2018.1540425.

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14

Buck, Nina, Tina Goblirsch, Jonathan Beauchamp, and Eva Ortner. "Key Aroma Compounds in Two Bavarian Gins." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 7269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207269.

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The characteristic, dominant flavor of gin is juniper, often within a complex aroma of other botanicals. The present study examined two gins from a distillery in the German state of Bavaria; one produced with 50 individual botanicals, the other with 15. The study focused on characterizing the aroma profiles and identifying the key aroma-active compounds of the gins. Comparative sensory evaluations of the gins revealed marked differences in their aroma profiles, with the botanical-rich gin exhibiting more citrusy, orangey and fruity notes than the gin containing fewer botanicals. Instrumental analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O) using aroma extract dilution assays (AEDA) identified terpenes as the dominant key aroma compounds, specifically limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, estragole and trans-anethole, with additional contributions from aldehydes, such as nonanal, and phenylpropanoids, such as eugenol and estragole. Selected compounds were quantified using stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and stabile isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) with GC-MS analysis. Further, odor thresholds and corresponding odor activity values (OAVs) of these compounds were calculated, with linalool exhibiting the highest OAV in both gins. The present analyses revealed how different botanicals alter the concentrations of key aroma compound constituents and elicit a shift in the overall aroma profile of the final spirit.

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Azizov, Shuhrat, Farhod Uzoqov, Mirshoroffiddin Mirzakarimov, and Oybek Usmanov. "Analysis of Namangan 77 cotton in production line with different saw gins for short fiber yield." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127307021.

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For the accuracy of the results, the study was carried out for three years. The average of each factory gins was chosen. Comparison of fiber properties processed in different cotton processing plants, with different models of fiber separators. Each sample of fiber grade 1 Namangan 77 raw cotton was obtained as a result of ginning with such factory gins 4DP-130.5 DP-130, 3HDD and Lummus gins in Namangan region. The Fiber properties of all samples were measured with the Advanced HVI Fiber Information System, to determine the yield of short fibers. The main purpose of the study is to determine which model of sawing gin to produce more short fibers. For next modernization working parts of other model gin for increasing quality of fiber.

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Xiang, Hai, Xueli Zhao, Yi Fang, Fei Wang, Rong Liang, Xuezhao Sun, Shuiping Wang, and Rongzhen Zhong. "Feeding Fungal-Pretreated Corn Straw Improves Health and Meat Quality of Lambs Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091659.

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Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) adversely affect meat color in lambs. Although white-rot fungi (WRF) pretreatment increases nutritional value and fiber digestion of corn straw for lambs, whether it can improve meat quality of lambs infected with GINs is unknown. The objective of this experiment was to study effects of feeding WRF-pretreated corn straw on the health and meat quality of lambs infected with GINs. Sixteen healthy Ujumqin lambs were orally drenched with 3rd-stage GINs larvae and randomly divided into two dietary treatments of control (CON) and WRF diets for 70 days of feeding. Results showed that feeding WRF-pretreated corn straw decreased L* and b* values (p < 0.05) and increased a* value (p < 0.01) of both longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles of lambs infected with GINs. Feeding WRF-pretreatment corn straw decreased fecal egg count (p = 0.014) and increased packed cell volume (p = 0.013) of lambs from 28 d of feeding and increased plasma iron content (p = 0.008) of lambs from 56 d of the feeding. Feeding WRF-pretreatment corn straw decreased myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-I (p = 0.032) and MyHC-IIα (p = 0.025) content in LTL muscle and MyHC-I (p = 0.022) and MyHC-IIβ (p = 0.048) in SM muscle of lambs. In conclusion, although there were no significant changes in the content of most amino acids or increased intensity of better flavor compounds, meat quality and health of lambs infected with GINs was significantly improved by feeding WRF-pretreated corn straw due to increased PCV and meat color and tenderness.

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Li, Shuoshuo, Da Wang, Jianchuan Gong, and Ying Zhang. "Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals." Pathogens 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020172.

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Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a group of parasites that threaten livestock yields, and the consequent economic losses have led to major concern in the agricultural industry worldwide. The high frequency of anthelmintic resistance amongst GINs has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. Recently, a substantial number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that biological controls based on predatory fungi and ovicidal fungi are the most promising alternatives to chemical controls. In this respect, the morphological characteristics of the most representative species of these two large groups of fungi, their nematicidal activity and mechanisms of action against GINs, have been increasingly studied. Given the limitation of the independent use of a single nematophagous fungus (NF), combined applications which combine multiple fungi, or fungi and chemical controls, have become increasingly popular, although these new strategies still have antagonistic effects on the candidates. In this review, we summarize both the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fungi and the combined applications identified to date to minimize recurring infections or to disrupt the life cycle of GINs. The need to discover novel and high-efficiency nematicidal isolates and the application of our understanding to the appropriate selection of associated applications are discussed.

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Lim, H. S., J. M. Choi, Y. H. Cho, and Y. Cho. "Crystal structure of the human GINS complex." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (August 23, 2008): C331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308089423.

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Jouve, N. "Pathogenetische Erfahrungen über die "Gins-eng"-Wurzel." Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung 203, no. 06 (April 13, 2007): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-934894.

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Choi, J. M., H. S. Lim, J. J. Kim, O. K. Song, and Y. Cho. "Crystal structure of the human GINS complex." Genes & Development 21, no. 11 (June 1, 2007): 1316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1548107.

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Vichi, Stefania, Montserrat Riu-Aumatell, Mercè Mora-Pons, Susana Buxaderas, and Elvira López-Tamames. "Characterization of Volatiles in Different Dry Gins." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 26 (December 2005): 10154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf058121b.

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Boskovic, Jasminka, Javier Coloma, Tomás Aparicio, Min Zhou, Carol V. Robinson, Juan Méndez, and Guillermo Montoya. "Molecular architecture of the human GINS complex." EMBO reports 8, no. 7 (June 8, 2007): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7401002.

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E. P. Columbus and G. J. Mangialardi. "Cottonseed Moisture and Seed Damage at Gins." Transactions of the ASAE 39, no. 5 (1996): 1617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27677.

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Pelletier, Mathew G., Carlos B. Armijo, Paul A. Funk, John C. Fabian, and Robert G. Hardin IV. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Gin Process Control." Journal of Cotton Science 24, no. 2 (2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/brfu4848.

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Automation provides key benefits to production plants: increased speed of production, improved quality control, enhanced worker safety, and reduced production costs. Numerous types of systems use automated control throughout the world; in cotton gins, there are a few main systems that rely on some form of control: material flow, fire suppression, dryer temperature, press operation, and moisture restoration systems. This chapter provides an overview of control systems in general along with key examples of control systems in use in U.S. cotton gins.

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Jiang, Haitao, Hailang Sun, Jian Dai, Cheng Zhang, and Xiaoming Tang. "GINS2 Is Downregulated in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Intervertebral Disk Degeneration and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Nucleus Pulposus Cells." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (September 1, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1986348.

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GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) regulates the migration, invasion, and growth of cells in many malignant and chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of GINS2 in the peripheral blood and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of patients with intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). GINS2 expression was detected using bioinformatics tools from the GEO public repository and validated using peripheral blood samples from IDD patients and healthy participants. GINS2 clinical significance was explored by the receiver operating curve (ROC) utilizing area under the curve (AUC). Moreover, the influences of GINS2 on cell viability, migration, and invasion were explored by MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays, whereas cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Expression levels of GINS2 in the peripheral blood were significantly lower in IDD patients than in healthy participants. Moreover, ROC obtained a significantly higher AUC of GINS2 in IDD patients. Further, overexpressed GINS2 increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NP cells while overexpressed GINS2 decreased the apoptotic property of cells compared to the NC plasmid and control groups. In conclusion, GINS2 might be a potential therapeutic target of IDD.

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Iida, Aya, Yasuo Ohnishi, and Sueharu Horinouchi. "Control of Acetic Acid Fermentation by Quorum Sensing via N-Acylhomoserine Lactones in Gluconacetobacter intermedius." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 7 (February 1, 2008): 2546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01698-07.

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ABSTRACT A number of gram-negative bacteria regulate gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner by quorum sensing via N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Gluconacetobacter intermedius NCI1051, a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium, produces three different AHLs, N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, N-dodecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, and an N-dodecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone with a single unsaturated bond in its acyl chain, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Two genes encoding an AHL synthase and a cognate regulator were cloned from strain NCI1051 and designated ginI and ginR, respectively. Disruption of ginI or ginR abolished AHL production, indicating that NCI1051 contains a single set of quorum-sensing genes. Transcriptional analysis showed that ginI is activated by GinR, which is consistent with the finding that there is an inverted repeat whose nucleotide sequence is similar to the sequence bound by members of the LuxR family at position −45 with respect to the transcriptional start site of ginI. A single gene, designated ginA, located just downstream of ginI is transcribed by read-through from the GinR-inducible ginI promoter. A ginA mutant, as well as the ginI and ginR mutants, grew more rapidly in medium containing 2% (vol/vol) ethanol and accumulated acetic acid at a higher rate with a greater final yield than parental strain NCI1051. In addition, these mutants produced larger amounts of gluconic acid than the parental strain. These data demonstrate that the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system in G. intermedius controls the expression of ginA, which in turn represses oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation.

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Willoughby, Olivia B., Emma Borkowski, Samantha Dixon, Samla Marques Cunha, Victoria Asselstine, Andrew S. Perergrine, Paula I. Menzies, Niel A. Karrow, and Angela Cánovas. "149 Differences in Gene Expression Following Natural Exposure to Gastrointestinal Parasites between Sheep Selected for High Innate Responses and High Antibody-Mediated Adaptive Immune Responses." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.138.

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Abstract Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) is a major source of morbidity and mortality for sheep flocks grazed on pasture. Since there is evidence for genetic resistance to GINs in some sheep breeds, genetic selection for immunologic resistance to GIN is a possible management strategy. This study sought to identify differences at the transcriptome level between Ridau-Arcott sheep characterized as high innate immune responders (IIRs, n=5) or high antibody-mediated immune responders (AbMIRs, n=5) following natural exposure to and infection with GINs after spending the summer on GIN-infested pasture; infection was confirmed with individual fecal egg counts. The transcriptomes of the high IIR and high AbMIR animals were also compared with GIN-naïve sheep of the same breed (all medium IIR and AbMIR responders, n = 7). Liver tissue samples from the 17 animals were used to perform transcriptomic analyses using RNA-Sequencing technology. The CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0.4 (CLC Bio, Aarhaus, Denmark) software was used to map reads to the most recent ovine reference genome (Oar rambouillet.v1.0.105), and for differential gene expression analysis. In total, 144 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between the high IIRs and the high AbMIRs (FDR< 0.05, and fold change (FC) abs > 2). When compared to the naïve animals, 136 and 53 DEG were found between them and the high IIRs and the high AbMIRs, respectively. In order to verify their function in the host immune response to GINs, functional enrichment analyses were performed on these candidate genes using the AmiGO2 software. Monocarboxilic acid metabolism was identified as an enriched biological process (FDR < 0.05), and ammonia-lyase activity and metalloendopeptidase activity were enriched molecular functions between the high IIR and high AbMIR animals (FDR < 0.05). These preliminary results improve understanding of how host resistance to GINs is genetically regulated through the innate and adaptive immune systems in sheep.

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López-Rodríguez, Gabino, Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida, David Emanuel Reyes-Guerrero, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez, Benjamín Valladares-Carranza, Luis Fernando Vega-Castillo, and Nallely Rivero-Perez. "Coffee Pulp: A Natural Alternative for Control of Resistant Nematodes in Small Ruminants." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010124.

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Goat production in Mexico is an important economic activity that is affected by different gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species. GINs resistant to commercial anthelmintics have been reported. Plant extracts or agro-industrial by-products, such as coffee pulp, have been proposed as control alternatives, given their secondary metabolite content. The aim of the present study was to determine the anthelmintic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of coffee pulp against benzimidazole-resistant GINs. Stool samples were collected from goats, from which GIN eggs were identified and quantified. Molecular techniques confirmed the genus of GINs and their benzimidazole resistance profile. The percentage of egg hatching inhibition (% EHI) and larval mortality (% LM) with the hydroalcoholic extract of coffee pulp was determined at concentrations from 200 to 0.39 mg/mL. The genera Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were identified, and the presence of the β-tubulin gene mutation, associated with benzimidazole (BZ) resistance, was determined. Hydroalcoholic extract of coffee pulp inhibited 100% of egg hatching at 200 and 100 mg/mL, with no larvicidal effect at the evaluated concentrations.

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Hughs, Ed, Greg Holt, and Ross Rutherford. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK (2016 Revised Edition): Saw Gin Stands." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 1 (2017): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/nzmg5416.

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The saw gin stand is the heart of the saw ginning system. From the initial filing of patents for the spiked-tooth gin and the saw gin in 1794 and 1796 by Whitney and then Holmes, respectively, the saw gin stand has predominated over early roller-type gins in the U.S. cotton ginning industry. These early saw gin stands were small, simple, and were manually fed hand-picked seed cotton and processed only a few hundred pounds of fiber per day. However, at this early stage, it was recognized that the gin stand had a huge impact on fiber quality and textile utility. These early saw gins tended to be single-stand installations that consisted of a gin stand and a bale press. The basic operating principle of separating fiber and seed by pulling the cotton fiber through narrow slots that blocked the passage of the cottonseed in these early saw gins has not changed. However, the size and complexity of the saw gin stand and the ginning system, of which the saw gin is the heart, has changed by orders of magnitude. The most recent Cotton Ginners Handbook documented all of the manufacturers and specifications of U.S. saw gins that were being used in the cotton industry at that time. Subsequently the saw gin has continued to evolve and some gin manufacturers are no longer in business whereas others have entered the field. This document provides the U.S. ginning industry the most recent information available on saw gin stands currently operating in the U.S.

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Štrbac, Filip, Slobodan Krnjajić, Maria Paola Maurelli, Dragica Stojanović, Nataša Simin, Dejan Orčić, Radomir Ratajac, et al. "A Potential Anthelmintic Phytopharmacological Source of Origanum vulgare (L.) Essential Oil against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010045.

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The development of anthelmintic resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) requires novel strategies for the sustainable control of these parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of the Origanum vulgare (L.) essential oil (EO) against sheep GINs and to evaluate the possibility of its use in control practice. The in vitro egg hatch test was conducted at eight different concentrations (50, 12.5, 3.125, 0.781, 0.195, 0.049, 0.025, and 0.0125 mg/mL) of the tested EO. For the in vivo fecal egg count reduction test, the EO of O. vulgare was administrated orally at a mean single dose of 150 mg/kg to sheep from two farms in Southern Italy, whereby potential toxic effects to the hosts were also evaluated. In the egg hatch test, the inhibition of egg hatchability varied from 71.3% to 93.7%, depending on the concentration used. The high anthelmintic potential was confirmed in the fecal egg count reduction test with an average reduction of nematode eggs in feces of 43.2% and 60.1% on days 7 and 14 after treatment, respectively. In addition, no toxic effects were noticed during the clinical examination of sheep or by observing blood count and liver or kidney function test results. The obtained results suggest the strong activity of the O. vulgare EO against sheep GINs, probably due to a high percentage of carvacrol (76.21%), whereby it can be considered safe for sheep at the dose tested in vivo. Therefore, it is suitable for use in veterinary practice as a part of an integrated strategy for the control of sheep GINs.

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Roy V. Baker, Charles K. Bragg, John B. Price, and William F. Lalor. "Evaluation of Various Cleaning Alternatives for Cotton Gins." Transactions of the ASAE 32, no. 3 (1989): 0777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31068.

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J. W. Laird, R. V. Baker, M. L. Smith, and C. H. Stewart. "Belt-type Conveyor Dryer Operation in Cotton Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 11, no. 3 (1995): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25749.

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Bruck, Irina, Nalini Dhingra, and Daniel L. Kaplan. "A Positive Amplification Mechanism Involving a Kinase and Replication Initiation Factor Helps Assemble the Replication Fork Helicase." Journal of Biological Chemistry 292, no. 8 (January 12, 2017): 3062–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m116.772368.

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The assembly of the replication fork helicase during S phase is key to the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. One step in this assembly in budding yeast is the association of Cdc45 with the Mcm2–7 heterohexameric ATPase, and a second step is the assembly of the tetrameric GINS (GG-Ichi-Nii-San) complex with Mcm2–7. Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) and S-phase cyclin-dependent kinase (S-CDK) are two S phase-specific kinases that phosphorylate replication proteins during S phase, and Dpb11, Sld2, Sld3, Pol ϵ, and Mcm10 are factors that are also required for replication initiation. However, the exact roles of these initiation factors in assembly of the replication fork helicase remain unclear. We show here that Dpb11 stimulates DDK phosphorylation of the minichromosome maintenance complex protein Mcm4 alone and also of the Mcm2–7 complex and the dsDNA-loaded Mcm2–7 complex. We further demonstrate that Dpb11 can directly recruit DDK to Mcm4. A DDK phosphomimetic mutant of Mcm4 bound Dpb11 with substantially higher affinity than wild-type Mcm4, suggesting a mechanism to recruit Dpb11 to DDK-phosphorylated Mcm2–7. Furthermore, dsDNA-loaded Mcm2–7 harboring the DDK phosphomimetic Mcm4 mutant bound GINS in the presence of Dpb11, suggesting a mechanism for how GINS is recruited to Mcm2–7. We isolated a mutant of Dpb11 that is specifically defective for binding to Mcm4. This mutant, when expressed in budding yeast, diminished cell growth and DNA replication, substantially decreased Mcm4 phosphorylation, and decreased association of GINS with replication origins. We conclude that Dpb11 functions with DDK and Mcm4 in a positive amplification mechanism to trigger the assembly of the replication fork helicase.

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Denkiewicz-Kruk, Milena, Malgorzata Jedrychowska, Shizuko Endo, Hiroyuki Araki, Piotr Jonczyk, Michal Dmowski, and Iwona J. Fijalkowska. "Recombination and Pol ζ Rescue Defective DNA Replication upon Impaired CMG Helicase—Pol ε Interaction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 9484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249484.

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The CMG complex (Cdc45, Mcm2–7, GINS (Psf1, 2, 3, and Sld5)) is crucial for both DNA replication initiation and fork progression. The CMG helicase interaction with the leading strand DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ε) is essential for the preferential loading of Pol ε onto the leading strand, the stimulation of the polymerase, and the modulation of helicase activity. Here, we analyze the consequences of impaired interaction between Pol ε and GINS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with the psf1-100 mutation. This significantly affects DNA replication activity measured in vitro, while in vivo, the psf1-100 mutation reduces replication fidelity by increasing slippage of Pol ε, which manifests as an elevated number of frameshifts. It also increases the occurrence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps and the demand for homologous recombination. The psf1-100 mutant shows elevated recombination rates and synthetic lethality with rad52Δ. Additionally, we observe increased participation of DNA polymerase zeta (Pol ζ) in DNA synthesis. We conclude that the impaired interaction between GINS and Pol ε requires enhanced involvement of error-prone Pol ζ, and increased participation of recombination as a rescue mechanism for recovery of impaired replication forks.

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Hebben, Miriam. "„Ich schaue nicht auf Trends“." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 40 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-40-031.

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Toracchio, Sonia, Rosario Alberto Caruso, Silvia Perconti, Luciana Rigoli, Enrico Betri, Matteo Neri, Fabio Verginelli, and Renato Mariani-Costantini. "Evolutionarily-Related Helicobacter pylori Genotypes and Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia in a High-Risk Area of Northern Italy." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030324.

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Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the major recognized risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer (GC), but only a fraction of infected subjects develop GC, thus GC risk might reflect other genetic/environmental cofactors and/or differences in virulence among infectious Hp strains. Focusing on a high GC risk area of Northern Italy (Cremona, Lombardy) and using archived paraffin-embedded biopsies, we investigated the associations between the Hp vacA and cagA genotype variants and gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN, 33 cases) versus non-neoplastic gastroduodenal lesions (NNGDLs, 37 cases). The glmM gene and the cagA and vacA (s and m) genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Hp was confirmed in 37/37 (100%) NNGDLs and detected in 9/33 GINs (27%), consistently with the well-known Hp loss in GC. CagA was detected in 4/9 Hp-positive GINs and in 29/37 NNGDLs. The vacA s1a and m1 subtypes were more common in GINs than in NNGDLs (6/7 vs. 12/34, p=0.014, for s1a; 7/7 vs. 18/34, p=0.020 for m1), with significant vacA s genotype-specific variance. The GIN-associated vacA s1a sequences clustered together, suggesting that aggressive Hp strains from a unique founder contribute to GC in the high-risk area studied.

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Iida, Aya, Yasuo Ohnishi, and Sueharu Horinouchi. "Identification and characterization of target genes of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system in Gluconacetobacter intermedius." Microbiology 155, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 3021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028613-0.

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The GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system represses oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation, as well as antifoam activity in Gluconacetobacter intermedius NCI1051. An 89 aa protein, GinA, whose production is induced by the quorum-sensing system, represses both oxidative fermentation and antifoam activity via a still unknown mechanism, although an OmpA family protein, GmpA, as a target of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system via GinA, has been found to repress oxidative fermentation. In this study, four novel GinA-inducible genes (gltA, pdeA, pdeB and nagA) were identified and their involvement in oxidative fermentation and antifoam activity was examined by gene disruption. Disruption of nagA (which encodes a putative N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase) decreased the growth rate in the exponential growth phase, indicating that nagA was required for the rapid growth of the strain. This unexpected finding revealed a new aspect of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system: it accelerates exponential growth by induction of nagA. In contrast, gltA (a putative glycosyltransferase) and pdeA (a putative cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase) were shown to repress oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation. gltA was also shown to repress antifoam activity. Disruption of pdeB (a putative phosphodiesterase/diguanylate cyclase) caused no phenotypic changes. Taking our previous results into consideration, these results showed an apparently complex mechanism for repressing oxidative fermentation by the quorum-sensing system; at least three GinA-inducible genes, gltA, pdeA and gmpA, were involved in the repression of oxidative fermentation by the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system, the most characteristic feature of the acetic acid bacteria.

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EL-YAMAN, ATEF E. "IMPACTS OF BALING PRESS AT GINS ON COTTON QUALITY." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 95, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1749–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2017.151600.

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39

KAMADA, Katsuhiko. "Structural Studies of GINS Complex in Eukaryote Replication Machinery." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 49, no. 5 (2007): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.49.286.

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40

Zargari, Hamed, Morteza Zahedi, and Marziea Rahimi. "GINS: A Global intensifier-based N-Gram sentiment dictionary." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 11763–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202879.

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Words are one of the most essential elements of expressing sentiments in context although they are not the only ones. Also, syntactic relationships between words, morphology, punctuation, and linguistic phenomena are influential. Merely considering the concept of words as isolated phenomena causes a lot of mistakes in sentiment analysis systems. So far, a large amount of research has been conducted on generating sentiment dictionaries containing only sentiment words. A number of these dictionaries have addressed the role of combinations of sentiment words, negators, and intensifiers, while almost none of them considered the heterogeneous effect of the occurrence of multiple linguistic phenomena in sentiment compounds. Regarding the weaknesses of the existing sentiment dictionaries, in addressing the heterogeneous effect of the occurrence of multiple intensifiers, this research presents a sentiment dictionary based on the analysis of sentiment compounds including sentiment words, negators, and intensifiers by considering the multiple intensifiers relative to the sentiment word and assigning a location-based coefficient to the intensifier, which increases the covered sentiment phrase in the dictionary, and enhanced efficiency of proposed dictionary-based sentiment analysis methods up to 7% compared to the latest methods.

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41

Bearn, Gordon C. F. "Effecting Affection: The Corporeal Ethics of Gins and Arakawa." Journal of Aesthetic Education 44, no. 2 (2010): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jae.0.0078.

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42

G. J. Mangialardi Jr. "Lint Cleaning Options to Preserve Fiber Quality at Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 12, no. 5 (1996): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25683.

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J. A. Thomasson. "Recalibration Interval for Color/Trash Meters in Cotton Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 8, no. 2 (1992): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26045.

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44

GORDON C. F. BEARN. "Effecting Affection: The Corporeal Ethics of Gins and Arakawa." Journal of Aesthetic Education 44, no. 2 (2010): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jaesteduc.44.2.0040.

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Riu-Aumatell, M., S. Vichi, M. Mora-Pons, E. López-Tamames, and S. Buxaderas. "Sensory Characterization of Dry Gins with Different Volatile Profiles." Journal of Food Science 73, no. 6 (August 2008): S286—S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00820.x.

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Bonilla-Suárez, Héctor Aarón. "P-glycoprotein gene expression analysis of ivermectin resistance in sheep naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus." Mexican journal of biotechnology 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2022.7.2.16.

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The upregulation of P-glycoprotein genes in Haemonchus contortus suspected of ivermectin resistance (IVM-Res) was studied in sheep farms. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate IVM-Res on four farms (from A to D). Faecal samples positive to gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) were used to identify infective larval stages (L3) pre- and post-IVM treatment by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. Ten P-glycoprotein (pgp) genes were analysed to estimate the over expression level in H. contortus L3. Genes were quantified using the Retro Transcription–real time PCR technique. FECRT indicated low IVM efficacy on the four farms from zero to 33% of eggs per gram and Haemonchus, Cooperia and Trichostrongylus were the GINs identified after IVM treatment. H. contortus isolates displayed different pgp gene upregulation levels (p < 0.05): pgp4 from 19.03 to 25.96-fold on four farms; 3 and 16 pgp from 32.19 to 134.21-fold on three farms; 1, 2 and 12 pgp from 7.14 to 56.43-fold on two farms; 10 and 11 pgp from 6.82 to 32.86-fold on one farm. In conclusion, the examination of FECRT showed low IVM efficacy against GINs. Additionally, pgp3, 4 and 16 were the most frequent genes involved in sheep farms with IVM-Res problems in relation to IVM resistant H. contortus.

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Petojevic, Tatjana, James J. Pesavento, Alessandro Costa, Jingdan Liang, Zhijun Wang, James M. Berger, and Michael R. Botchan. "Cdc45 (cell division cycle protein 45) guards the gate of the Eukaryote Replisome helicase stabilizing leading strand engagement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 3 (January 5, 2015): E249—E258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422003112.

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DNA replication licensing is now understood to be the pathway that leads to the assembly of double hexamers of minichromosome maintenance (Mcm2–7) at origin sites. Cell division control protein 45 (Cdc45) and GINS proteins activate the latent Mcm2–7 helicase by inducing allosteric changes through binding, forming a Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) complex that is competent to unwind duplex DNA. The CMG has an active gate between subunits Mcm2 and Mcm5 that opens and closes in response to nucleotide binding. The consequences of inappropriate Mcm2/5 gate actuation and the role of a side channel formed between GINS/Cdc45 and the outer edge of the Mcm2–7 ring for unwinding have remained unexplored. Here we uncover a novel function for Cdc45. Cross-linking studies trace the path of the DNA with the CMG complex at a fork junction between duplex and single strands with the bound CMG in an open or closed gate conformation. In the closed state, the lagging strand does not pass through the side channel, but in the open state, the leading strand surprisingly interacts with Cdc45. Mutations in the recombination protein J fold of Cdc45 that ablate this interaction diminish helicase activity. These data indicate that Cdc45 serves as a shield to guard against occasional slippage of the leading strand from the core channel.

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Veliev, Fazil. "Theoretical substantiation of the conditions for capture of fiber by the working drum by the knife in roller gins." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 1 (120) (December 30, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.269138.

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Roller ginning provides 2–3 times less mechanical damage to cotton fiber than saw ginning. In recent years, these positive moments have predetermined attempts to gin medium-fiber cotton on roller gins. However, the low productivity of roller gins compared to saw gins does not yet allow for a complete transition to this process. To design high-efficiency roller gins, it is necessary to deeply study the mechanics of the basic processes of interaction of raw cotton with the working organs of the gin. It is necessary to determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of the process of capturing and tightening the fiber behind the knife, to investigate the mechanics of the process of rebounding seeds, and to find new solutions to reduce their damage. As a result of the research reported here, a mathematical model of the roller ginning process has been built, which makes it possible to determine the impact of technological and structural parameters of the roller gin on the efficiency of the process. This allows for the reasonable application of a variable periodic friction field between the knife and working drum. When studying the kinematics of the interaction of the surface of the working drum with the knife, dependences were established to accelerate the points of the surface of the working drum before it enters behind the knife, making it possible to determine the forces acting on the fiber when it is captured by the micro-irregularities of the drum. In the study of the process of tightening the fiber with a pair of working drum-fixed knife, the conditions for ginning the flyer fibers and the dependence of productivity on the average pressure in the contact of the knife with the drum were determined. The study of the influence of the rigid characteristics of the working drum-knife system on the ginning capacity of a roller gin has made it possible to reveal new reserves for improving the efficiency of roller ginning

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Wakelyn, Phillip J., and J. Kelley Green. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: OSHA Noise Regulations and Agriculture, Including Cotton Gins." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 4 (2017): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/yytk2021.

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Since its formation in 1971, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recognized agriculture was not covered by their noise standards. However, in 2014, OSHA cited two gin companies under the OSHA general duty clause for an alleged failing to protect employees from exposure to hazardous noise levels by not requiring employees to wear hearing protection. In January 2016, OSHA withdrew both citations. The 2014 interpretations by OSHA were contrary to OSHA’s enforcement of the federal OSHA noise standards and guidance since 1971 when OSHA came into existence; 1981, when the hearing conservation amendment was promulgated and agriculture was specifically excluded; and 1983 when the OSHA 90 dBA level was reaffirmed. OSHA’s contention that their general duty clause requires these two gins to mandate hearing protection conflicts with OSHA guidance specifically related to this topic, as well as over 40 years of consistent enforcement of the Occupational Noise Exposure ("noise standard") standards relating to agriculture. OSHA has not presented any new health data indicating that working in a cotton gin over a working lifetime causes occupational noise-induced hearing loss, or issued any new guidance on enforcement of the OSHA noise standard as it applies to agriculture. The science and OSHA’s current guidance continue to support the conclusion that intermittent/interrupted exposure to noise in agriculture, including cotton gins, is not an occupational hazard, requiring mandatory hearing protection and a hearing conservation program. The OSHA noise regulations as they apply to agriculture, including cotton gins, are discussed.

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Wanjura, John D., Carlos B. Armijo, Christopher D. Delhom, Randal K. Boman, William B. Faulkner, Gregory A. Holt, and Mathew G. Pelletier. "Effects of harvesting and ginning practices on Southern High Plains cotton: fiber quality." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (April 29, 2019): 4938–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519844215.

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The lint yield and fiber quality of cotton produced in the Southern High Plains of the USA have improved over the last decade, renewing interest in finding harvest and ginning practices that better preserve fiber quality. Previous research showed that picker harvesting and roller ginning may better preserve fiber quality, but conventional roller ginning was too slow to be adopted as the primary ginning system used for Upland cotton. Advancements in roller ginning technology have increased the ginning rate per unit width of rotary-knife roller gins to approximately equal that of saw gins. Research has shown that improvements in nep content and fiber length characteristics afforded by conventional roller ginning compared to saw ginning are maintained by the new high-speed roller gins (HSRGs). The objective of this work was to compare the fiber quality, seed quality, ginning rate, and lint turnout of Upland cotton produced in the Southern High Plains, harvested using a picker or a stripper, and ginned using saw or HSRG systems. The findings of this work indicate that the HSRG substantially improved the length characteristics of the Upland cultivars tested regardless of harvest method. Turnout was higher for the HSRG and for picker harvested cotton. Nep content was reduced for picker harvested cotton and the HSRG. The fiber length distribution and nep content improvements from the HSRG system make this fiber more attractive to ring spinning mills that produce high-count yarns for high-value products.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gins'

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