Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gillman Region Water quality management'

Bibliography :leaves 158-171. A monitoring program, funded by the South Australian government (through the former MFP Development Corporation), was established to monitor the quality and quantity of storm water entering and leaving the wetland. This study formed part of the funded program. Simple regression models were developed; and will assist in the monitoring of performance of the wetland to alleviate the pollutant load into the Barker Inlet.

A geochemical approach to the evaluation of the chemistry of natural recharge processes in the Tucson basin was used to identify the major minerals controlling the evolution of ground water chemistry and to assess the viability of recharging imported Central Arizona Project water supplies. Well cuttings analyses and water quality samples from over 65 wells in the basin were used as input to the geochemical computer model PATH4 (Helgeson, 1970) and the sequence of aqueous species and mineral production in a recharge reference volume examined. The study reveals that natural processes in the basin lead to the increase in dissolved solids content in ground water over time and the production of secondary minerals such as calcite, calcium montmorillonite, kaolinite and poorly crystallized alumino-silicate phases. Secondary minerals grow into aquifer pore spaces and may, over time, be responsible for the reduction in aquifer porosity and the specific capacity of wells. The recharge of imported Central Arizona Project water will lead to an increase in the dissolved solids content of ground water and may, in certain areas of the basin, lead to the enhanced production of secondary minerals. The use of CAP water as a recharge source must be guided by the geochemical factors which influence the nature and scope of reactions between CAP water and the Tucson aquifer matrix. The study demonstrates the need for and identifies water quality and aquifer matrix criteria for the assessment of sources of recharge water and recharge facility sites. The use of geochemistry as a tool for quantitatively assessing ground water quality is demonstrated.

ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. Applications of Geographic InformationSystems for Growth Management Planning and Water Quality Protection inthe Coastal Region of North Carolina. (Under the direction of Hugh A. Devine.)

Research efforts conducted in coastal areas of North Carolina andother regions have documented numerous examples of negative impacts toestuarine water quality as a result of unplanned and unmanaged development.However, new construction is continuing at a rapid pace in these areas,forcing local planners to make complex decisions regarding land uses andprotection of cultural and natural resources.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-driven toolthat has proven valuable in assisting with this decision making process.GIS technology provides the means to efficiently collect, store, and retrievevast amounts of spatial data. Then, this information may be visually displayedin a manner that supports better understanding and analysis of the physicalenvironment and the potential impacts of growth.

There have been many instances during the past decade in whichGIS has been used to meet the educational and informational needs of citizensand local officials who want to ensure a strong economy and healthy environmentis planned for the future of their community. Most of these projects haveoriginated at the state level, either through the North Carolina CooperativeExtension Service, or other agencies.

A number of zoning options and growth management planning measureshave recently been recommended that coastal government officials shouldconsider for promoting stewardship and protecting important natural resourceswhile continuing to maintain economic vitality. This paper focuses on theapplication of GIS for analyzing and implementing many of those strategieswith emphasis on local responsibility.

In particular, the natural suitability of cluster development forCurrituck County, North Carolina, is examined with GIS. Attention to growthmanagement planning in this coastal county is critical since the populationis projected to increase over 73 percent from 1990 to 2020. GIS data layersfrom the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis,as well as digitized Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood InsuranceRate Maps, are used to determine the extent of Primary Conservation Areasin the county. In addition, Secondary Conservation Areas are identified

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
A Ãgua à um recurso essencial e atualmente gestores ambientais do mundo inteiro chamam a atenÃÃo para o problema da escassez de Ãgua limpa. Tal escassez hÃdrica à ainda mais forte nas regiÃes Ãridas e semiÃridas do globo. No nordeste brasileiro, e em particular, no semiÃrido, uma sÃrie de fatores o torna particular. A irregularidade pluviomÃtrica, sua mà distribuiÃÃo no tempo e no espaÃo, a elevada taxa de evaporaÃÃo/evapotranspiraÃÃo e as altas temperaturas sÃo traÃos marcantes do ambiente, diferenciando-o de outros locais do mundo. Assim, o gerenciamento de lagos visando à proteÃÃo e manutenÃÃo de uma boa qualidade da Ãgua, a vida aquÃtica e os outros usos deve ser abordado de maneira em que se leve em consideraÃÃo as caracterÃsticas regionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o impacto das variÃveis meteorolÃgicas na qualidade da Ãgua, analisando a influÃncia do processo de estratificaÃÃo tÃrmica e de mistura; e com isso, propor um sistema de monitoramento e modelagem. O reservatÃrio estudado foi o Pereira de Miranda (Pentecoste â CE), onde um Ãnico ponto de amostragem foi estabelecido, visando sua caracterizaÃÃo vertical. ApÃs a seleÃÃo dos principais parÃmetros de qualidade da Ãgua e dos fatores meteorolÃgicos mais relevantes, foi traÃada uma discussÃo qualitativa e uma anÃlise da variabilidade tÃrmica da coluna dâÃgua. Notou-se pelos perfis verticais de temperatura e dos fluxos de calor obtidos uma clara formaÃÃo de termoclinas, e sua destruiÃÃo ao longo do dia, fato associado à radiaÃÃo solar e os fortes ventos que impÃs significativa variaÃÃo nos valores de oxigÃnio dissolvido. De posse de todas as variÃveis pesquisadas foi proposto um sistema de monitoramento como componente chave da proteÃÃo ambiental, com base no Ciclo de Deming. Esta rotina, acoplado a um sistema de modelagem da qualidade da Ãgua, aperfeiÃoa a avaliaÃÃo e a gestÃo dos ecossistemas. Assim, alÃm de exercer o controle das atividades de monitoramento da qualidade da Ãgua, poderà ser utilizado de forma contÃnua para o gerenciamento dos recursos hÃdricos.
Water is an essential natural resource in the planet and nowadays environmental managers around the world concern to the scarcity of clean water. This scarcity is even greater in arid and semiarid regions of the globe. In northeastern Brazil, and particularly in the semiarid region, a number of factors make it particular. The irregularity of rainfall, its poor distribution in time and space, the high rate of evaporation / evapotranspiration, and high temperatures are characteristics of this environment that differs from other places in the world. Thus, the management of lakes to protect and maintain good water quality, aquatic life and other uses should be analyzed according to regional characteristics. The purporse of this study was to identify the impact of meteorological variables in water quality including the influence of the thermal stratification and mixing, and thus, propose a system for monitoring and modeling. The Pereira de Miranda (Pentecoste-CE) was studied with only one sample point to characterize its vertical profile. After selecting the main parameters of water quality and meteorological factors most relevant, was drawn a qualitative discussion and analysis of thermal variability in the water column. It was observed by the vertical profiles of temperature and heat flux a clear thermocline formation and destruction throughout the day, a fact linked to solar radiation and strong winds that imposed significant variation in levels of dissolved oxygen. In possession of all the variables studied was proposed a monitoring system as a key component of environmental protection, based on the Deming Cycle. This routine, coupled with a modeling system of water quality, improves the assessment and management of ecosystems. Thus, in addition to exerting control over the activities of monitoring of water quality, can be used continuously for the management of water resources.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115) Towed DC Resistivity and Transient Electromagnetic arrays have been trialled for suitability in monitoring salt-loads on the Murray River at Waikerie, South Australia.

O processo de ocupação urbana da Baixada de Jacarepaguá a partir da década de 1970, promoveu inúmeros impactos ambientais que afetaram, de forma não uniforme, os diferentes grupos sociais, que habitam a região, e afetaram principalmente o meio ambiente, mais especificamente os recursos hídricos. A rápida e intensa ocupação urbana da região, impulsionada pela produção imobiliária, gerou inúmeros problemas ambientais, principalmente devido à precariedade nos serviços de saneamento. Diversos impactos se processam atualmente na rede de drenagem da Baixada de Jacarepaguá, os quais comprometem negativamente a qualidade de vida população que vive na região, assim como, do meio ambiente. Neste trabalho é avaliada a qualidade da água dos principais cursos dágua da bacia hidrográfica de Jacarepaguá, caracterizando o estado atual de degradação dos recursos hídricos da região a partir da análise dos dados referentes aos parâmetros de qualidade das águas, obtidos junto ao órgão ambiental estadual, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2003 e 2008. As variáveis estatísticas dos parâmetros foram determinadas, os resultados foram apresentados através dos gráficos boxplot e sua discussão foi realizada em consoante com a Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. Os cursos dágua da bacia de Jacarepaguá, em destaque aqueles avaliados neste trabalho expressam a degradação pela qual vem sofrendo em virtude das intervenções antrópicas que se projetam na bacia hidrográfica. Nota-se a partir, dos resultados para os parâmetros de qualidade de água avaliados que a poluição nos cursos dágua da baixada de Jacarepaguá que, possivelmente o principal aspecto da poluição hídrica é devido ao despejo de esgotos domésticos nos cursos dágua sem tratamento adequado.
The process of land use of the Jacarepaguá low-lands hydrographic region from the 1970s promoted numerous environmental impacts, specifically in water bodies, that affect, in a non-uniform, different social groups that inhabit the region. The rapid and intense urban occupation in the region, driven by the sprawl estate, created many environmental problems, mainly due to the precarious services sanitation. Various effects are conducted currently in the drainage of Jacarepaguá basin, which adversely compromise the quality of life people living in the region. This work evaluated the water quality of the main streams of the Jacarepagua basin, characterizing the current state of degradation of water bodies of the region from the analysis of data on water quality parameters obtained from the Rio de Janeiro Council Environmental, during the period between 2003 and 2008. The statistical variables of the parameters were determined, the results were presented by means of boxplots and the discussion was held and compared with the CONAMA 357/2005 Resolution. The streams of the Jacarepagua basin highlighted those used in this work express the degradation from which she has suffered as a result of human interventions that are projected in the basin. It is noted from the results for the parameters of water quality evaluated the pollution in streams of the lowlands Jacarepaguá that possibly the main aspect of water pollution is due to the dumping of domestic sewage in rivers without treatment.

Provides insight into the pollutant removal ability of a primary pond in the Barker Inlet Wetland System, one of the largest constructed wetlands in the world. Results show that storm size influences pollutant removal, however significant removal was acheived across a wide range of flow conditions.
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000?

Growing populations, urbanization, environmental awareness with resultant regulations and water scarcity have resulted in a search for alternative water sources. Municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse is a necessity in these conditions because it is a water source that is available throughout the year. It can reduce the demand for source water and could be treated at lower costs to the required water quality requirements of the intended use. South Africa especially the Gauteng Province is subjected to the above mentioned stressors but lacks a holistic approach to wastewater reclamation and reuse as a practical and viable solution. Furthermore, the lack of characterization parameters as well as advanced wastewater treatment methods and the viability assessments of the municipal wastewater generated in the South Gauteng catchment, has led to loss of potential water resource in the province. Therefore the current research was initiated as a baseline study to investigate the feasibility of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in the South Gauteng catchment. The specific objectives were to 1) assess the worldwide practices of wastewater reuse, 2) apply influent and effluent data analysis and make recommendations on the type of reuse application available for the Southern Gauteng municipal wastewater treatment effluent and to 3) assess the viability of tertiary treatment technologies as best fit options available for different reuse options required for the study area. To achieve the above mentioned objectives a literature review was undertaken to assess worldwide water reuse practices and how they can be used in the study area to utilize the generated wastewater effluent. Influent and effluent data of four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Sedibeng district municipality (SDM), three in the Emfuleni local municipality and one in the Midvaal local municipality, was used to assess the viability of water reuse. Available worldwide aggregate, nutrient, ionic and microbiological water reuse standards and criteria for potable, agricultural and industrial use were used to characterize the Sedibeng WWTPs for water reclamation. Wastewater reclamation and reuse is broadly defined as collecting treated or untreated wastewater and using it for a purpose different from what it was used for previously. Recycling, on the other hand, is using water, for the same purpose repeatedly (DWA, 2013a). Water reuse is practiced in countries such as the Western United States, Australia, Singapore, Namibia, Mediterranean countries and Japan for potable use, irrigation and industrial purposes. South Africa, having laid the foundation of wastewater reuse in Namibia, currently practices direct potable reuse (DPR) in the Beaufort West municipality as well as internal water recycling in the power, steel, petrochemical, paper and pulp industry. Water reuse standards and criteria are set based on regional differences of water availability, public health protection, monitoring feasibility, industry types and the reuse purpose. Risk assessment that includes among others a multi-barrier approach, water quality criteria objectives and acceptance determines treatment technology selection. Tertiary treatment technology such as ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation processes especially UV/H2O2 are used in water reclamation plants after preliminary treatment of secondary effluent. The four SDM WWTPs effluent, which was over 220 ML/d, the results show, mostly use activated sludge process and have water quality determinants complying with the design criteria for advanced treatment in water reuse. This effluent meets the Namibian Goreangab and Beaufort West Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) multi-barrier influent design criteria for DPR in most aggregate, nutrient and ionic parameters except microbiological parameters. Parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved solids and ammonia and alkalinity were non-compliant for which this could signify incomplete activated sludge process. This shows the importance of secondary treatment as one of the barriers in the multi barrier approach. Even though membrane treatment of this effluent to improve these parameters and microbiological quality is possible effective secondary treatment as one of the barriers is important to prevent downstream membrane fouling. Depending on this water quality the water will be suitable for indirect potable reuse (IPR) with blending, industrial cooling, heat exchange and dust suppression as recommended uses. Municipal effluent, which could reduce potable water demand, is currently not used in the study area’s power generation and steel making industries Eskom’s Lethabo power station and ArcelorMittal respectively. This is even though, advanced water treatment processes such as reverse osmosis, exist for both organization’s internal wastewater recycling. The reclaimed municipal effluent can be introduced to moderate water quality processes such as cooling systems, heat removal, waste handling and washing in both industries in the study area. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) with water intensive user industries incorporating municipal secondary effluent in current and future infrastructure plans to find viable solutions as part of their water use licensing conditions. These PPPs would include the national Department Water and Sanitation (DWS), Sedibeng district municipality, Eskom, ArcelorMittal and Rand Water the bulk water utility in the study area. An in depth study of water reuse public perception, cost of water reuse, establishing purpose specific reuse guidelines and water quality monitoring and management plan for study area is recommended before implementation. Monitoring, which is one of the barriers in risk abatement, should include for the study area emerging pathogens, inorganic and organic contaminants of concern such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Centre for Wildlife Management
Unrestricted

The U.S. government implemented many incentive programs in the 1980s to encourage farmers to reduce agricultural runoff and erosion through the use of best management practices (BMPs). Remote sensing, GIS, and modeling, have been used to determine the effectiveness of BMPs through comparisons of before and after BMP implementation. The Salamonie watershed in Northeastern Indiana was studied for BMP effectiveness. The study addresses how agricultural practices have changed over a twenty nine year period (1975-2003), and how the implementation of BMPs will decrease the amount of sediment and nutrient load to surface waters. Methods reported on include the use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model and how different weather data (precipitation and temperature) greatly affects streamflow predictions, as well as the effects of BMP implementation on sediment loads to surface water. The outcomes of this study provide a viable argument of how BMPs implementation positively affects water quality in the watershed region by effectively reducing sediment loads.
Department of Geography

M.Sc.
The goal of the study is to investigate the role that the Local Government of the City of Johannesburg must play in the environmentally degraded Bosmont/Claremont catchment. The problem in the past was that different divisions within the Council had different responsibilities and acted in isolation from each other with regard to catchment management. Strategies were developed in this study that can be adopted by the City Council of Johannesburg and be implemented in all the catchments within its jurisdiction by all parties concerned. If these strategies prove to be successful, other local governments can also adopt it and implement them in the management of their catchments. It is thus the challenge of these strategies to provide direction for catchment management in the City Council of Johannesburg.

The quantity of stormwater runoff from the city of Adelaide almost matches the demand for drinking water. It therefore becomes increasingly important as an alternative source for water supply. This research focused at the Parafield Stormwater Harvesting Facility near Adelaide in order to better understand: (1) nutrient dynamics between the water column, sediments and plant community, (2) allochthonous and autochthonous sources of nutrients and (3) nutrient retention capacity of the reed bed. A weekly monitoring programme for the physical and chemical parameters of the water column, sediment and plant community was carried out over three years for specific locations within the reed bed. Ordination and clustering of the time series data revealed distinctive seasonal and spatial nutrient patterns. The concentrations for total nitrogen (TN) showed high concentrations for the summer period (1.04 to 1.86 mg/L) and low concentration for the winter season (0.25 to 0.46 mg/L). For the other nitrogen fractions in form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) the seasonal patterns were different to that of TN. In NO₃⁻ the concentrations were high during the summer and winter seasons and NH₄⁺ showed high concentration during the spring. The seasonality for total phosphorus (TP) showed high concentration for the spring period (0.049 to 0.163 mg/L) and low concentration for the other seasons (0.01 to 0.019 mg/L). A similar pattern has been observed for phosphate (PO₄³ ⁻) as well. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations showed high concentrations during the summer period (21.36 to 31.64 mg/L) and low concentration during the winter seasons (5.48 to 7.14 mg/L). The seasonal pattern for the nutrient contents of the plant community showed highest concentrations during summer (5.5 to 34.2 gTN/kg) and lowest concentrations in winter (0.2 to 7.7 gTN/kg). Nutrient concentrations in the sediments were highest during the non-growing seasons (autumn and winter). This result indicated that the function of sediments changes seasonally from being a sink during the non-growing season by accumulating both allochthonous and autochthonous nutrients in the rainy season, and becoming a source during the growing seasons due to nutrient release from anaerobic sediments supporting the growth of the macrophyte community. Overall the function of sediment in reed bed pond of the Stormwater Harvesting Facility was to be a source of nutrients and therefore no accumulation of nutrients occurred during the study period. The research has demonstrated that the reed bed currently performs as a reasonable nutrient retention system with following nutrient removal rates: 0.85 mg TN /m²/day, 0.79 mg NO₃⁻ /m²/day, 0.28 mg NH₄⁺/m²/day, 0.05 mg TP /m²/day, 0.04 mg PO₄³ ⁻ /m²/day, and 5.75 mg DOC /m²/day. Seasonal difference in the water retention time showed that the for most of the nutrients the removal performance was most effective during autumn and winter with the exception of the removal performance of P forms, which most effective during spring and summer. For TN, NO₃⁻ and DOC the RE was most efficient at a residence time > 15days, for TP and PO₄³ ⁻ it is 5-10 days and for NH₄⁺ it is <;5days. Time–series modelling of the monitoring data resulted in rule-based prediction models for the different nutrients. Sensitivity analyses of the models revealed key driving variables for the nutrient dynamics of the reed bed. The prediction results revealed that the DO was the key driving variable influencing the nutrient concentrations in the water column and therefore to improve the water quality of the treatment water DO levels have to maintained above the threshold of 4 mg/L. Beside DO other key driving variables were turbidity, ORP and the nutrient levels from the previous site. Therefore the control of these parameters would be the start to develop a management plan for best-practice management in terms of water quality at the Parafield Stormwater Harvesting Facility.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1458926
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Science, 2010

The quantity of stormwater runoff from the city of Adelaide almost matches the demand for drinking water. It therefore becomes increasingly important as an alternative source for water supply. This research focused at the Parafield Stormwater Harvesting Facility near Adelaide in order to better understand: (1) nutrient dynamics between the water column, sediments and plant community, (2) allochthonous and autochthonous sources of nutrients and (3) nutrient retention capacity of the reed bed. A weekly monitoring programme for the physical and chemical parameters of the water column, sediment and plant community was carried out over three years for specific locations within the reed bed. Ordination and clustering of the time series data revealed distinctive seasonal and spatial nutrient patterns. The concentrations for total nitrogen (TN) showed high concentrations for the summer period (1.04 to 1.86 mg/L) and low concentration for the winter season (0.25 to 0.46 mg/L). For the other nitrogen fractions in form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) the seasonal patterns were different to that of TN. In NO₃⁻ the concentrations were high during the summer and winter seasons and NH₄⁺ showed high concentration during the spring. The seasonality for total phosphorus (TP) showed high concentration for the spring period (0.049 to 0.163 mg/L) and low concentration for the other seasons (0.01 to 0.019 mg/L). A similar pattern has been observed for phosphate (PO₄³ ⁻) as well. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations showed high concentrations during the summer period (21.36 to 31.64 mg/L) and low concentration during the winter seasons (5.48 to 7.14 mg/L). The seasonal pattern for the nutrient contents of the plant community showed highest concentrations during summer (5.5 to 34.2 gTN/kg) and lowest concentrations in winter (0.2 to 7.7 gTN/kg). Nutrient concentrations in the sediments were highest during the non-growing seasons (autumn and winter). This result indicated that the function of sediments changes seasonally from being a sink during the non-growing season by accumulating both allochthonous and autochthonous nutrients in the rainy season, and becoming a source during the growing seasons due to nutrient release from anaerobic sediments supporting the growth of the macrophyte community. Overall the function of sediment in reed bed pond of the Stormwater Harvesting Facility was to be a source of nutrients and therefore no accumulation of nutrients occurred during the study period. The research has demonstrated that the reed bed currently performs as a reasonable nutrient retention system with following nutrient removal rates: 0.85 mg TN /m²/day, 0.79 mg NO₃⁻ /m²/day, 0.28 mg NH₄⁺/m²/day, 0.05 mg TP /m²/day, 0.04 mg PO₄³ ⁻ /m²/day, and 5.75 mg DOC /m²/day. Seasonal difference in the water retention time showed that the for most of the nutrients the removal performance was most effective during autumn and winter with the exception of the removal performance of P forms, which most effective during spring and summer. For TN, NO₃⁻ and DOC the RE was most efficient at a residence time > 15days, for TP and PO₄³ ⁻ it is 5-10 days and for NH₄⁺ it is <;5days. Time–series modelling of the monitoring data resulted in rule-based prediction models for the different nutrients. Sensitivity analyses of the models revealed key driving variables for the nutrient dynamics of the reed bed. The prediction results revealed that the DO was the key driving variable influencing the nutrient concentrations in the water column and therefore to improve the water quality of the treatment water DO levels have to maintained above the threshold of 4 mg/L. Beside DO other key driving variables were turbidity, ORP and the nutrient levels from the previous site. Therefore the control of these parameters would be the start to develop a management plan for best-practice management in terms of water quality at the Parafield Stormwater Harvesting Facility.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Science, 2010

Ph.D.
Mining operations significantly influence the environment due to direct and indirect discharges of waste products into the aquatic systems. The primary aim of this study was to assess the current situation in the platinum mining area and develop a management plan to ensure that existing and potential environmental impacts caused by platinum mining and processing are mitigated. To do this, an assessment was carried out to investigate changes in critical aquatic invertebrate and fish community distributions and assess how they relate to measured environmental factors. Five sites were selected, one reference site which is upstream of heavy mining activities and four sites within heavy mining and processing activities. Standard techniques for water, sediment, invertebrate and fish sampling were used. Macro-invertebrates sampled were identified to family level whereas fish were identified to species level. Multivariate analysis used was cluster analysis by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) for both macro-invertebrates and fish. Three methods of ordination were used to analyze the biotic and abiotic data namely N-MDS, Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Cluster analysis of macro-invertebrates data revealed three major groups based on sampling period (low flow or high flow) and the last cluster according to the locality. Multidimensional scaling ordination of high and low flow for macro-invertebrate communities confirmed the groupings detected by cluster analysis. Cluster analysis for fish communities revealed two groups at 50% similarity; the first group is the combination of reference and exposure sites for both high and low flow sampling regimes. No fish were sampled at site 4 during both low and high flow regimes. Multidimensional scaling ordination of high and low flow fish communities confirmed the groupings detected by cluster analysis. Analysis using a similarity profile (SIMPROF) test indicated that fish communities are statistically (p=5%) the same. It was found that macro-invertebrates and fish respond differently to environmental variables.

碩士
國立東華大學
公共行政碩士在職專班
89
Quality Control Circle (QCC) is originated from the important tool for quality management , it is for respecting the human nature ,stimulate the potential , improve organization quality ,to reach the goal of solving problems , continual improvement and satisfied customers . There are successful cases in private departments , and it has been introduced by many public organizations domestically, however , it is still not expanded yet , but with the receding trend. Thus , this study takes the individual case of state-run enterprises fully implementing QCC , the region 8 management section of the Water Company as the research object , discuss the advantages and difficulties of QCC being implemented in public organizations, and try to solve it. Based on it, it aims to improve the efficiency and effect of public organizations , and respond customers’ demand. This study collect and discuss extensively over the QCC’s organization, operation , tool , technique and the research object’s actual planning , proceeding , and results etc. data , and based on the static data of individual case , collect , analyze , discuss through document analysis method , for data preparation, to conclude the key elements, to carry out interview of all QCC chiefs by half structure design, to understand how they are promoted. The study concludes the interview results into 29 key factors , and formulate closed questionnaire , to carry out questionnaire survey of all participating QCC members . Process , analyze the results through SPSS For Windows 8.0 frequency distribution etc. , and then carry out study and discussion. The research results are summed up as the following: I. Quality control planning 1.Lack of organizations overall quality planning, and supervisors at different levels didn’t put emphasis on and give support. 2. The QCC is not formed combined with the organization’s characteristics, and lacks of independent activity period. 3. Education and training are universally insufficient, and the lecturers inside the organization are not inadequately cultivated II. Activity execution. 1. Unit supervisor is suitable to act as the QCC chief, but member’s participation is not active. 2. Members decide the activity theme, and acknowledgement of the activity results. 3. The activity results should be published, and increase visiting opportunities. III. Activity assessment 1. Provide reward based on the extent of the activity results’ contribution to the organization. 2. Reward to results is mainly based on incentive, and the examiners are effect oriented. 3. Emphasize the members’ expectation on future activities Based on the above research findings, the following principle suggestions are raised, expecting for the reference of public organization in QCC application. I. Recommendations to organizations 1. Organization should formulate overall quality planning, and then bring into the QCC. 2. Formulate related regulations, and establish special program reward system. 3. Strengthen QCC intellectual capability education, training, cultivate quality control teachers, and issue the results openly. 4. Hold visiting and emulation, increase learning opportunities and examination work. II. Recommendations to individual 1. Supervisors of different levels should participate actively, support and give emphasis. 2. Establish problem realization, implement proposal system, take on initiative in learning, and expand participation. III. Recommendations on future study Expand the research objects to each domestic public organization departments, units that apply QCC.

Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Bibliography: leaves 198-217. This thesis explores the impact of sustained disturbances on the ecology of algal dominated biofilms in the Lower River Murray, South Australia. It focuses on the physical effects of regulation through changes to the light environment and water level regime, and the local effects of grazing. The nutritional signficance of biofilms for the abundant populations of prawns and shrimps in the Lower Murray is also examined.

Copy of author's previously published article inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 198-217.
249 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
This thesis explores the impact of sustained disturbances on the ecology of algal dominated biofilms in the Lower River Murray, South Australia. It focuses on the physical effects of regulation through changes to the light environment and water level regime, and the local effects of grazing. The nutritional signficance of biofilms for the abundant populations of prawns and shrimps in the Lower Murray is also examined.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1997?

Includes list of publications issued during the candidature.
Bibliography: leaves 176-197.
iii, ix, 197, [22] leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Phosphorus retention was measured in five pilot-scaled constructed wetlands with different configurations in terms of macrophyte species and substrates in order to evaluate the phosphorus removal efficiency of water plants and substrates in experimental ponds; assess the contribution of macrophytes to phosphorus removal through direct uptake, modification of water chemistry and impacts on the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of substrate; and, contribute to the optimal design and operation of constructed wetlands for the treatment of agricultural drainage water.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2002?

Includes list of publications issued during the candidature.
Bibliography: leaves 176-197.
iii, ix, 197, [22] leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
Phosphorus retention was measured in five pilot-scaled constructed wetlands with different configurations in terms of macrophyte species and substrates in order to evaluate the phosphorus removal efficiency of water plants and substrates in experimental ponds; assess the contribution of macrophytes to phosphorus removal through direct uptake, modification of water chemistry and impacts on the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of substrate; and, contribute to the optimal design and operation of constructed wetlands for the treatment of agricultural drainage water.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2002?