Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gillman Region Water quality management

Academic literature on the topic 'Gillman Region Water quality management'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gillman Region Water quality management"

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singha, Sumeru. "WATER QUALITY AND SECURITY." International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation 2, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53633/ijmasri.2022.2.3.001.

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Water security has been defined as "the reliable availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks" It is realized to the degree that water scarcity is non-existent, or has been decreased or eliminated, and to the degree that floods and contamination of freshwater supplies are non-threatening. Water security is considered to be a necessity of sustainable development for its importance in the quality of life of the people in a region. Sustainable development would result in lowered poverty and increased living standards for those most susceptible to the impacts of insecure water resources in the region, especially women and children. By clearly defining the responsibilities and control over water management for high usage sectors in terms of finance, planning, agriculture, energy, industry, and health, development may progress to the point of sustainable living for all. Keywords: Water quality, security, scarcity, water conservation, contamination, floods
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Extence, C. A., and A. J. D. Ferguson. "Aquatic invertebrate surveys as a water quality management tool in the Anglian Water region." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 4, no. 2 (July 1989): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450040206.

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Fazel, Hesham K., Sayeda M. Abdo, Atiah Althaqafi, Saad H. Eldosari, Bao-Ku Zhu, and Hosam M. Safaa. "View of Saudi Arabia Strategy for Water Resources Management at Bishah, Aseer Southern Region Water Assessment." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074198.

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Water quality management is critical for the preservation of freshwater resources in semi-arid and arid areas, which are necessary for long-term development. Local authorities and water resource managers can allocate resources for potable or agricultural needs based on the quality of water in various places. A total of 14 water samples were collected and examined in this study. Microbiological, chemical and physical analyses were considered as important indicators for assessing water quality. Physical, chemical, and microbiological data were measured and evaluated as essential markers for determining water quality. A comparison was made between these characteristics and the King Saudi Water Standard (GSO149/2014). According to the findings, results of infiltration pond and Tabla Dam manifest the anthropogenic activities and natural influences of the greatest impact on water quality. Therefore, a reliable assessment approach for assessing water quality is very important for decision makers and for constructing sustainable development plans.
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Sinha, Kaustub, Devesh Kumar Srivastava, and Roheet Bhatnagar. "Water Quality Management through Data Driven Intelligence System in Barmer Region, Rajasthan." Procedia Computer Science 132 (2018): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.05.183.

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Baldwin, C. L. "Water Quality and Management in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0062.

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Use of the Great Barrier Reef Region for tourism, the economic value of Reef tourism to Queensland, and the value placed by society on natural settings has been increasing rapidly during the 1980's. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority has the role of providing for reasonable use of this valuable resource. The concern for reefal water quality is discussed in terms of enhanced nutrient levels in the inshore GBR and the low tolerance of corals to nutrients. Findings of a recent Workshop on Nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef Region are described. This paper summarises the Authority's role in ensuring information exchange, appropriate research, and management in the area of water quality management and tourism.
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Sukop, Ivo. "Influence of water management in lowland region of the Dyje River on water biocoenoses." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 4 (2010): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058040269.

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This work contains the results of influence of water management in lowland region of the Dyje River on water biocenoses. Research was carried out in 1977–1984, when building of the three reservoirs were started. The effect of the newly built reservoirs on the biocoenoses of the reach immediately below it was mainly beneficial. Before the reservoir near Nové Mlýny was bulit, the fish population of the Dyje River was regularly threatened by poor water quality. After completion of the three reservoirs in 1989 the pollution brought by the Dyje River was largely removed by the purification processes in the reservoirs, so that the Dyje River became cleaner than it was. The better trophic conditions and water quality downstream of the reservoirs were reflected in increased fish catches and higher fish weights. The newly built fish passes make possible migration of rare fish species from the Danube River as far as to reservoirs the Nové Mlýny.
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House, M. A., and J. B. Ellis. "The Development of Water Quality Indices for Operational Management." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0076.

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The derivation, structure and application of a Water Quality Index (WQI) for the classification of surface water quality is discussed and the efficiency of the developed WQI is compared with the standard UK classification system of the National Water Council (NWC).The general WQI is developed through the objective and rigorous selection, transformation and weighting of determinands with rating curves based on legal standards and quality directives or guidelines. Three further indices intended for potable supplies and evaluation of toxicity are also discussed. The utility of the developed index for operational management is demonstrated by a comparative study with the NWC classification for a number of rivers in the Greater London region. The flexibility and advantages of a WQI approach in providing potential cost benefit/assessments for water quality on both temporal and spatial scales are also highlighted.
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Kharina, G. V., L. V. Alyoshina, S. V. Anakhov, and O. V. Inzhevatova. "Monitoring drinking water quality in the Sverdlovsk region of Russia." Water and Ecology 25, no. 1 (March 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.1.63-73.

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Parparov, Arkadi, and K. David Hambright. "A Proposed Framework for the Management of Water Quality in Arid-Region Lakes." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 81, no. 3 (1996): 435–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19960810313.

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Pond, Katherine R., Aidan A. Cronin, and Steve Pedley. "Recreational water quality in the Caspian Sea." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.0013.

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Health-based monitoring of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan and Iran suggests that bathers are intermittently subject to increased levels of faecal pollution which may lead to gastrointestinal illness. This is the first co-ordinated monitoring programme of recreational waters in the Caspian region and highlights the need to extend such a programme to all countries bordering the Caspian Sea. The novel approach of monitoring that combines risk assessment (water quality monitoring plus a sanitary survey) and risk management, as applied here, allows the identification of possible sources of pollution and the levels of microbiological risk that bathers are subject to. Hence, this allows suitable management interventions to be identified and implemented in the long term.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gillman Region Water quality management"

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French, Rachel. "Modelling urban runoff : volume and pollutant concentration of the Barker Inlet Wetland Catchment." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensf875.pdf.

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Bibliography :leaves 158-171. A monitoring program, funded by the South Australian government (through the former MFP Development Corporation), was established to monitor the quality and quantity of storm water entering and leaving the wetland. This study formed part of the funded program. Simple regression models were developed; and will assist in the monitoring of performance of the wetland to alleviate the pollutant load into the Barker Inlet.
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Cheung, Sheung-ching. "Transboundary water pollution between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta Region : Dongjiang River as a case study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25247645.

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Shen, Zi-soen Belwin. "Transboundary water pollution and its implications for planning and environmental management : Shenzhen-Hong Kong border region as a case study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21041775.

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Vandemoer, Catherine 1955. "The hydrogeochemistry of recharge processes and implications for water management in the southwestern United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191146.

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A geochemical approach to the evaluation of the chemistry of natural recharge processes in the Tucson basin was used to identify the major minerals controlling the evolution of ground water chemistry and to assess the viability of recharging imported Central Arizona Project water supplies. Well cuttings analyses and water quality samples from over 65 wells in the basin were used as input to the geochemical computer model PATH4 (Helgeson, 1970) and the sequence of aqueous species and mineral production in a recharge reference volume examined. The study reveals that natural processes in the basin lead to the increase in dissolved solids content in ground water over time and the production of secondary minerals such as calcite, calcium montmorillonite, kaolinite and poorly crystallized alumino-silicate phases. Secondary minerals grow into aquifer pore spaces and may, over time, be responsible for the reduction in aquifer porosity and the specific capacity of wells. The recharge of imported Central Arizona Project water will lead to an increase in the dissolved solids content of ground water and may, in certain areas of the basin, lead to the enhanced production of secondary minerals. The use of CAP water as a recharge source must be guided by the geochemical factors which influence the nature and scope of reactions between CAP water and the Tucson aquifer matrix. The study demonstrates the need for and identifies water quality and aquifer matrix criteria for the assessment of sources of recharge water and recharge facility sites. The use of geochemistry as a tool for quantitatively assessing ground water quality is demonstrated.
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Shen, Zi-soen Belwin, and 沈之珣. "Transboundary water pollution and its implications for planning and environmental management: Shenzhen-Hong Kongborder region as a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126007X.

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張嫦淸 and Sheung-ching Cheung. "Transboundary water pollution between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta Region: Dongjiang River as a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260755.

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Bailey, Chrissy. "Low impact development barriers towards sustainable stormwater management practices in the Puget Sound region /." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2003. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/2003Bailey_CMESThesis.pdf.

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ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. "APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLANNINGAND WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE COASTAL REGION OF NORTH CAROLINA." NCSU, 1998. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19980105-155948.

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ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. Applications of Geographic InformationSystems for Growth Management Planning and Water Quality Protection inthe Coastal Region of North Carolina. (Under the direction of Hugh A. Devine.)

Research efforts conducted in coastal areas of North Carolina andother regions have documented numerous examples of negative impacts toestuarine water quality as a result of unplanned and unmanaged development.However, new construction is continuing at a rapid pace in these areas,forcing local planners to make complex decisions regarding land uses andprotection of cultural and natural resources.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-driven toolthat has proven valuable in assisting with this decision making process.GIS technology provides the means to efficiently collect, store, and retrievevast amounts of spatial data. Then, this information may be visually displayedin a manner that supports better understanding and analysis of the physicalenvironment and the potential impacts of growth.

There have been many instances during the past decade in whichGIS has been used to meet the educational and informational needs of citizensand local officials who want to ensure a strong economy and healthy environmentis planned for the future of their community. Most of these projects haveoriginated at the state level, either through the North Carolina CooperativeExtension Service, or other agencies.

A number of zoning options and growth management planning measureshave recently been recommended that coastal government officials shouldconsider for promoting stewardship and protecting important natural resourceswhile continuing to maintain economic vitality. This paper focuses on theapplication of GIS for analyzing and implementing many of those strategieswith emphasis on local responsibility.

In particular, the natural suitability of cluster development forCurrituck County, North Carolina, is examined with GIS. Attention to growthmanagement planning in this coastal county is critical since the populationis projected to increase over 73 percent from 1990 to 2020. GIS data layersfrom the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis,as well as digitized Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood InsuranceRate Maps, are used to determine the extent of Primary Conservation Areasin the county. In addition, Secondary Conservation Areas are identified

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Essic, Jefferson Forrest. "Applications of geographic information systems for growth management planning and water quality protection in the coastal region of North Carolina." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1997. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-2732139098580/ETD.PDF.

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Spriggs, Shelley. "Participatory decision making : new democracy or new delirium? /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Environmental Management & Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030505.110740/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Gillman Region Water quality management"

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California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region. Water quality control plan, Los Angeles region. Monterey Park, Calif: California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region, 1995.

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New York (State). Dept. of Environmental Conservation. Allegheny region water resources management study. Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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New York (State). Dept. of Environmental Conservation. Capital region water resources management study. Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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New York (State). Dept. of Environmental Conservation. Allegheny region water resources management strategy. Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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New York (State). Division of Water. Erie-Niagara region water resources management strategy. [Albany, N.Y.]: Division of Water, New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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Sawyer, Hazen and. Delaware-Lower Hudson region water resources management strategy. [Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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Sawyer, Hazen and. Delaware-Lower Hudson region water resources management strategy. [Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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VIII, United States Environmental Protection Agency Region. EPA Region VIII mixing zones and dilution policy. Denver, CO: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Water Management Division, 1995.

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New York (State). Dept. of Environmental Conservation, New York (State). Dept. of Health, and Roy F. Weston inc, eds. Finger Lakes region water resources management strategy. Albany, N.Y: New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Division of Water, Bureau of Water Resources, 1989.

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Roy, F. Weston inc. Mohawk sub-state region water resources management study report. [Albany, N.Y.?: The Dept. of Environmental Conservation, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gillman Region Water quality management"

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Reincke, Heinrich. "The Sensitivity-Survey — A Useful Decision-Aid for the Protection of the Mud-Flats in the German North Sea Coastal Region." In Estuarine Water Quality Management, 121–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75413-5_17.

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Schick, Judith, Sylvia Kratz, Elke Bloem, and Ewald Schnug. "Phosphorus Fluxes in the Baltic Sea Region." In Water Resources Quality and Management in Baltic Sea Countries, 107–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39701-2_6.

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Mostafa, Al Imran, Zaman Samina, Chakraborty Tapos Kumar, and Ghosh Gopal Chandra. "Assessment of Rainwater Quality from Harvested Rainwater in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh." In Water, Flood Management and Water Security Under a Changing Climate, 177–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47786-8_12.

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Burlakovs, Juris, William Hogland, Zane Vincevica-Gaile, Mait Kriipsalu, Maris Klavins, Yahya Jani, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Janis Bikse, Vasiliy Rud, and Toomas Tamm. "Environmental Quality of Groundwater in Contaminated Areas—Challenges in Eastern Baltic Region." In Water Resources Quality and Management in Baltic Sea Countries, 59–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39701-2_4.

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Reincke, Heinrich. "The sensitivity-survey — A useful decision-aid for the protection of the mud-flats in the German North Sea Coastal Region —." In Estuarine Water Quality Management Monitoring, Modelling and Research, 121–24. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce036p0121.

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Singh, Prasoon Kumar, Binay Prakash Panigrahy, Poornima Verma, and Bijendra Kumar. "Evaluation of the Surface Water Quality Index of Jharia Coal Mining Region and Its Management of Surface Water Resources." In Environmental Pollution, 429–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5792-2_34.

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Somlyódy, L., I. Masliev, and M. Kularathna. "River Basin Water Quality Management Strategies in the Central European Region: An Example of the Nitra River (Slovakia)." In Remediation and Management of Degraded River Basins, 427–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57752-9_12.

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Caeiro, José Jasnau, and João Carlos Martins. "Water Management for Rural Environments and IoT." In Harnessing the Internet of Everything (IoE) for Accelerated Innovation Opportunities, 83–99. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7332-6.ch004.

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Internet of Things (IoT) systems are starting to be developed for applications in the management of water quality monitoring systems. The chapter presents some of the work done in this area and also shows some systems being developed by the authors for the Alentejo region. A general architecture for water quality monitoring systems is discussed. The important issue of computer security is mentioned and connected to recent publications related to the blockchain technology. Web services, data transmission technology, micro web frameworks, and cloud IoT services are also discussed.
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Caeiro, José Jasnau, and João Carlos Martins. "Water Management for Rural Environments and IoT." In Research Anthology on Blockchain Technology in Business, Healthcare, Education, and Government, 246–62. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5351-0.ch015.

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Internet of Things (IoT) systems are starting to be developed for applications in the management of water quality monitoring systems. The chapter presents some of the work done in this area and also shows some systems being developed by the authors for the Alentejo region. A general architecture for water quality monitoring systems is discussed. The important issue of computer security is mentioned and connected to recent publications related to the blockchain technology. Web services, data transmission technology, micro web frameworks, and cloud IoT services are also discussed.
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Izah, Sylvester Chibueze, Clement Takon Ngun, and Glory Richard. "Microbial quality of groundwater in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: Health implications and effective⇓ treatment technologies." In Urban Water Crisis and Management - Strategies for Sustainable Development, 149–72. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-91838-1.00010-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gillman Region Water quality management"

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CONCEPCIÓN, MADELINE, LIZ CANO, QUIRIATJARYN ORTEGA, ANDRES FRAIZ, ADRIAN RAMOS-MERCHANTE, ARTURO DOMINICI-AROSEMENA, EDGAR ARAÚZ, EDGARDO MUÑOZ, and ARAMIS AVERZA. "MACROINVERTEBRATES AS BIOINDICATORS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF PANAMA." In WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2022. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wmei220041.

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Walker, Malcolm, Ashli Cooper, Cid Tesoro, and Glenn Moeller. "Water Quality Assessment for the California Department of Transportation San Diego Region." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)79.

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Li, Hui, and Jing Li. "Water quality parameter monitoring system in multi-region based on IOT." In 2017 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-17.2017.54.

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Sun, A. C., V. C. Tidwell, R. Thomas, J. R. Brainard, P. H. Kobos, L. A. Malczynski, and G. Klise. "Collaborative Modeling Using System Dynamics for Water Resource Management." In 1st Water Quality, Drought, Human Health and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/water2006-20019.

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Water resource management for most Southwestern states requires collaborative solutions that cross regional, state, and federal judicial boundaries. As most of the region experiences drought-like conditions as well as population growth, there is a growing concern about sustainability of the water resource to meet industrial, agricultural, and residential demands. Technically, seeking a consensus path requires modeling of the hydrologic cycle within a prescribed region. Credible models must capture key interdependencies of various water resources, use historical data for calibration, and provide temporal/spatial resolutions that are aligned with the interests of the decision makers.
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R. F. Cullum, S. S. Knight, C. M. Cooper, S. Smith, and Jr. "Best Management Practices Effects on Water Quality in Oxbow Lakes within the Mississippi Delta Region." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14024.

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KALVITE, Zane, Zane LIBIETE, and Arta BARDULE Arta BARDULE. "FOREST MANAGEMENT AND WATER QUALITY IN LATVIA: IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES AND SEEKING SOLUTIONS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.146.

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Rise in human population, industrialization, urbanization, intensified agriculture and forestry pose considerable risks to water supply and quality both on global and regional scale. While freshwater resources are abundant in Latvia, during recent years increased attention has been devoted to water quality in relation to anthropogenic impacts. Forest cover in Latvia equals 52% and forest management and forest infrastructure building and maintenance are among the activities that may, directly or indirectly, affect water quality in headwater catchments. Sedimentation, eutrophication and export of hazardous substances, especially mercury (Hg), are of highest concern. To address these topics, several initiatives have started recently. In 2011, cooperation programme between Latvian State Forest Research Institute (LSFRI) “Silava” and JSC “Latvia’s State Forests” was launched to evaluate the impact of forest management on the environment. This programme included research on the efficiency of water protection structures used at drainage system maintenance (sedimentation ponds, overland flow) and regeneration felling (bufferzones). In 2016, within the second stage of this cooperation programme, a study on the impact of forest management on water quality (forest road construction, drainage system maintenance, felling) was started on a catchment scale. Since 2016 LSFRI Silava is partner in the Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme project “Water management in Baltic forests”. By focusing on drainage systems, riparian zones and beaver activity, this project aims at reducing nutrient and Hg export from forestry sites to streams and lakes. While this project mostly has a demonstration character, it will also offer novel results on Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in beaver ponds in all participating states. This paper aims at summarizing most important challenges related to the impact of forest management on water quality and corresponding recent initiatives striving to offer solutions.
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Iba, Kenichiro, Kenichiro Iba, Takuya Ishikawa, Takuya Ishikawa, Keizo Negi, and Keizo Negi. "NEW DIRECTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SETO INLAND SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b941221ab90.64815034.

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The Seto Inland Sea, the largest enclosed sea in Japan, has unrivalled beauty of archipelago and abundant nature under temperate climate with light rain falls, and the people has been benefitted from the sea ever since the early times. We however experienced sever water pollution problems caused by rapid industrialization and the loss of seaweed bed and tidal flat due to reclamation projects particularly in the period of the high economic growth in 1960s. To resolve these issues, we have carried out water quality improvement programs including reduction of pollutant load based upon the Water Pollution Control Law and the Law concerning Special Measures for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea. As a result, water quality has improved as compared with Tokyo Bay and other enclosed seas. However, there are still severe problems including the occurrence of red tide and oxygen deficient water mass in some areas in the Seto Inland Sea. Securing the bio-diversity, bio-productivity and smooth nutrient circulation are also important. Under these situations, the Law and the Basic Plan for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea were revised in 2015. With these law and plan, it has been made clear that our principal objective is to make the Seto Inland Sea a “Bountiful Sea” through conservation of water quality with bio-diversity and bio-productivity. Also the importance to implement environmental measures corresponding local differences in the respective region and seasonality were indicated. In order to actualize “the Beautiful and Bountiful Seto Inland Sea”, we need to implement environmental water management as follows. 1. Environmental conservation, restoration and creation of coastal areas. 2. Conservation and management of water quality. 3. Conservation of natural and cultural landscapes. 4. Sustainable utilization of fishery resources. Ministry of the Environment, Japan will continue to conduct corresponding programs based on scientific survey and evaluation on conservation/restoration of seaweed bed, tidal flat, smooth circulation of nutrients.
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Iba, Kenichiro, Kenichiro Iba, Takuya Ishikawa, Takuya Ishikawa, Keizo Negi, and Keizo Negi. "NEW DIRECTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SETO INLAND SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316136b08.

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The Seto Inland Sea, the largest enclosed sea in Japan, has unrivalled beauty of archipelago and abundant nature under temperate climate with light rain falls, and the people has been benefitted from the sea ever since the early times. We however experienced sever water pollution problems caused by rapid industrialization and the loss of seaweed bed and tidal flat due to reclamation projects particularly in the period of the high economic growth in 1960s. To resolve these issues, we have carried out water quality improvement programs including reduction of pollutant load based upon the Water Pollution Control Law and the Law concerning Special Measures for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea. As a result, water quality has improved as compared with Tokyo Bay and other enclosed seas. However, there are still severe problems including the occurrence of red tide and oxygen deficient water mass in some areas in the Seto Inland Sea. Securing the bio-diversity, bio-productivity and smooth nutrient circulation are also important. Under these situations, the Law and the Basic Plan for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea were revised in 2015. With these law and plan, it has been made clear that our principal objective is to make the Seto Inland Sea a “Bountiful Sea” through conservation of water quality with bio-diversity and bio-productivity. Also the importance to implement environmental measures corresponding local differences in the respective region and seasonality were indicated. In order to actualize “the Beautiful and Bountiful Seto Inland Sea”, we need to implement environmental water management as follows. 1. Environmental conservation, restoration and creation of coastal areas. 2. Conservation and management of water quality. 3. Conservation of natural and cultural landscapes. 4. Sustainable utilization of fishery resources. Ministry of the Environment, Japan will continue to conduct corresponding programs based on scientific survey and evaluation on conservation/restoration of seaweed bed, tidal flat, smooth circulation of nutrients.
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Maria Peixoto Chrispim, Zélia, Matheus Rangel da Silva, Maria da Gloria Alves, and Lyndemberg Campelo Correia. "Study of the water quality of shallow wells in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Exatas & Engenharias, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/885x331120212341.

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Groundwater is an important source of supply, is available in almost all regions of the Earth, constituting an important natural resource. In addition, having knowledge of this resource in terms of quality and quantity is of paramount importance, as these waters are often used for human supply, for irrigation in rural areas and for industrial purposes. In this context, the North Fluminense region, especially the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, has been demanding more and more for the use of water resources, due to the population and business increase, motivated, above all, by the huge undertaking that is the Açu port complex, installed in the neighboring municipality, São João da Barra. This reality points to the relevance of developing work that will contribute to a better knowledge of groundwater. This research aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the water quality of the shallow free aquifers in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes. As for the methodology, the following steps will be carried out: collection of bibliographic and documentary data, such as conference proceedings, books, ordinance, laws, articles, theses, dissertations, and others; literature review; selection of physicochemical data from existing shallow wells; comparison of physical-chemical parameters with the maximum values allowed with Consolidation Ordinance Nº. 5 established by the Ministry of Health; map creation; and elaboration of table and graphs. It is expected with this research to produce and make available information that can contribute to the sustainable management of underground water resources in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes
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Waggit, Peter W., and Alan R. Hughes. "History of Groundwater Chemistry Changes (1979–2001) at the Nabarlek Uranium Mine, Australia." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4640.

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The Nabarlek uranium mine is located in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory of Australia. The site lies in the wet/dry topics with an annual rainfall of about 1400mm, which falls between October and April. The site operated as a “no release” mine and mill between 1979 and 1988 after which time the facility was mothballed until decommissioning was required by the Supervising Authorities in 1994. The dismantling of the mill and rehabilitation earthworks were completed in time for the onset of the 1995–96 wet season. During the operational phase accumulation of excess water resulted in irrigation of waste water being allowed in areas of natural forest bushland. The practice resulted in adverse impacts being observed, including a high level of tree deaths in the forest and degradation of water quality in both ground and surface waters in the vicinity. A comprehensive environmental monitoring programme was in place throughout the operating and rehabilitation phases of the mine’s life, which continues, albeit at a reduced level. Revegetation of the site, including the former irrigation areas, is being observed to ascertain if the site can be handed back to the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. A comprehensive review of proximal water sampling points was undertaken in 2001 and the data used to provide a snapshot of water quality to assist with modelling the long term prognosis for the water resources in the area. While exhibiting detectable effects of mining activities, water in most of the monitoring bores now meets Australian drinking water guideline levels. The paper reviews the history of the site and examines the accumulated data on water quality for the site to show how the situation is changing with time. The paper also presents an assessment of the long term future of the site in respect of water quality.
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Reports on the topic "Gillman Region Water quality management"

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Mehmood, Hamid. Bibliometrics of Water Research: A Global Snapshot. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/eybt8774.

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This report examines the various dimensions of global water-related research over the 2012-2017 period, using extensive bibliographic data. The review covers trends in water-related publications and citations, the relative importance of water-related research in the overall body of scientific research, flows of water-related knowledge between countries and the dynamics of water research publishing opportunities. In summary, it shows that: less than 50% of all countries are publishing water-related research, that China and USA are the two top publishers, and that China’s publishing rate has been growing steadily over the study period. More than 70% of water related publications originating in USA are being cited globally, while China’s water research output appears to be primarily internally cited at present. Analysis of the global water knowledge flows suggests that research is hardly addressing a range of regional water challenges. Countries with protracted water problems – for example in infrastructure, environment, agriculture, energy solutions – do not seem to be at the forefront of water research production or knowledge transfer. Instead, global water research is reliant on Western, particularly US-produced, scientific outputs. A disconnect is also observed between the percentage increase in the publication and the number of citations, suggesting low quality or a narrow focus of many publications. Among other factors, this may reflect the pressure on researchers to contribute a certain number of publications per year, or of the progressively increasing role of grey literature in scientific discourse that ‘diverts’ some citation flow. Analysis of the number of research publications per million people suggests that water research does not necessarily emerge as a reaction to water scarcity in a specific country, but may be driven by the traditional economic value of water supply, geopolitical location, a focus on regional development - including cross-border water management - or development aid spending, or globally applicable research in water management. The proportion of water research in the overall research output of a country is small, including for some of the top-publishing countries. The number of water-related journals that create opportunities for publishing water research, has grown dramatically in absolute terms since 2000, and is now close 2100 journals. The metrics used in this report are based on readily available bibliographic data. They can be further focused to better understand a specific thematic domain, geographical region or country, or to analyze a different period. To help accelerate solutions to global and national water challenges that many of these research papers are highlighting, the water research community needs to look beyond the research ‘box’ and identify ways to measure development impact of water research programmes, rather ‘impact’ based solely on academic impact measured in citations. The research findings, learning and knowledge in these research publications needs to be conveyed in a practical way to the real users of this knowledge – stakeholders who are beyond research circles.
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Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, John Spence, Mark Brunson, and Ken Hyde. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.

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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) encompasses more than 0.5 million ha (1.25 million ac) and extends over 322 km (200 mi) from its northern boundary in southern Utah to its southern boundary in northern Arizona. It is one of the most rugged, remote, and floristically diverse national parks on the Southern Colorado Plateau (Thomas et. al 2005) and has more than 4,900 km (3,045 mi) of waterways flowing through its eight Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 8) watersheds. GLCA’s larger perennial rivers include the Colorado, Escalante, Dirty Devil, San Juan, and Paria, with smaller perennial and intermittent streams flowing into each of these rivers. After the creation of the Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell formed, covering 13% of the park’s total land area when full and the national recreation area attracts over 4 million visitors annually, and in 2019 GLCA ranked 19th highest in recreational visits out of all national parks. The National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program selected GLCA to pilot its new NRCA project series. NRCA projects evaluate the best available science to provide park managers with reliable, actionable information pertaining to natural resource conditions in their park. For the park-selected focal study resources, this includes consideration of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing resource conditions; assessment of current conditions and trends for indicators of condition; and potential near-term and future activities or actions managers can consider, improving their knowledge and management of natural resources in parks. For focal resources that lack adequate data to assess current conditions, a gap analysis is provided (in lieu of a condition assessment) to highlight the present status of knowledge of the resource and to suggest useful indicators, data, and studies for further consideration and investigation. Park managers are encouraged to identify information needs and pose questions during the NRCA scoping process, with the understanding that information will be provided to help address those needs and answer those questions when possible. For a comprehensive list of GLCA managers’ questions and needs, please refer to Appendix A, Table A-1. The focus of GLCA’s NRCA study was the water-dependent resources—tinajas, springs & seeps, including water quality, riparian zone, amphibians, including the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and small, native fishes—that are found off the mainstem Colorado River. Managers were interested in these particular environments and the natural resources that depend on them because they are less studied, and the habitats are “biodiversity hotspots” due to the intersection of complex desert and freshwater ecosystems in a region limited by water. The following summaries highlight the key findings of GLCA’s focal resource drivers and stressors (Chapter 2), states (Chapter 3), and manager responses (Chapter 4).
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6965584.ch.

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Abstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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LeDuc, Jamie, Ryan Maki, Tom Burri, Joan Elias, Jay Glase, Brenda Moraska Lafrancois, Kevin Peterson, David Vandermeulen, and Ben Vondra. Voyageurs National Park interior lakes status and impact assessment. National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289923.

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Voyageurs National Park (VNP) is a water-based park that includes part or all of four large lakes and twenty-six smaller lakes commonly referred to as “interior lakes”. The 26 interior lakes of VNP are important aquatic resources with differing size and depth, water chemistry, trophic status, fish communities, and visitor use. Despite the remote location of these lakes, they have been impacted by multiple stressors, including contaminants and non-native species. This assessment provides key information in support of a science-based management plan for these lakes. The objectives of this assessment were to: 1) assess the status of each of the interior lakes and categorically rank the lakes from least to most impacted; 2) use the results to make specific science-based management and restoration recommendations for the most impacted lakes; and 3) make general recommendations that may be useful in managing all of Voyageurs National Park’s interior lakes. When all factors considered in this analysis (water quality, fish mercury concentrations, and fish community characteristics) were combined and assessed, thirteen lakes were classified as most impacted, nine as moderately impacted, and three as least impacted. Although nearly half of the lakes were classified as most impacted in this assessment, many of these lakes are in excellent condition compared to other lakes in the region. The factor-by-factor impact status of the lakes was considered to help describe the condition of the lakes and the potential for restoration. No local management options were identified to mitigate the mercury contamination in these lakes as research has shown the sources of the contamination to arrive from regional and global sources. Similarly, no management actions were identified to reduce nutrient concentrations in the lakes ranked most impacted for nutrient conditions as these are remote lakes with minimal or no development within their watersheds, and it was also noted that paleolimnological studies have shown that the nutrient status of the interior lakes was relatively unchanged from pre-European settlement conditions. Finally, for the lakes in which presumed introduced fish species are present, piscicides were considered as a potential management action. Piscicides were not recommended as a strategy to eradicate introduced fish species as it was determined that genetic conservation of the populations of native fish species still present in these lakes was more valuable than eradicating the introduced species.
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Schlossnagle, Trevor H., Janae Wallace,, and Nathan Payne. Analysis of Septic-Tank Density for Four Communities in Iron County, Utah - Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah. Utah Geological Survey, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ri-284.

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Iron County is a semi-rural area in southwestern Utah that is experiencing an increase in residential development. Although much of the development is on community sewer systems, many subdivisions use septic tank soil-absorption systems for wastewater disposal. Many of these septic-tank systems overlie the basin-fill deposits that compose the principal aquifer for the area. The purpose of our study is to provide tools for waterresource management and land-use planning. In this study we (1) characterize the water quality of four areas in Iron County (Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah) with emphasis on nutrients, and (2) provide a mass-balance analysis based on numbers of septic-tank systems, groundwater flow available for mixing, and baseline nitrate concentrations, and thereby recommend appropriate septic-system density requirements to limit water-quality degradation. We collected 57 groundwater samples and three surface water samples across the four study areas to establish baseline nitrate concentrations. The baseline nitrate concentrations for Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah are 1.51 mg/L, 1.42 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, and 1.76 mg/L, respectively. We employed a mass-balance approach to determine septic-tank densities using existing septic systems and baseline nitrate concentrations for each region. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is one of the principal indicators of pollution from septic tank soil-absorption systems. To provide recommended septic-system densities, we used a mass-balance approach in which the nitrogen mass from projected additional septic tanks is added to the current nitrogen mass and then diluted with groundwater flow available for mixing plus the water added by the septic-tank systems themselves. We used an allowable degradation of 1 mg/L with respect to nitrate. Groundwater flow volume available for mixing was calculated from existing hydrogeologic data. We used data from aquifer tests compiled from drinking water source protection documents to derive hydraulic conductivity from reported transmissivities. Potentiometric surface maps from existing publications and datasets were used to determine groundwater flow directions and hydraulic gradients. Our results using the mass balance approach indicate that the most appropriate recommended maximum septic-tank densities in Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah are 23 acres per system, 7 acres per system, 5 acres per system, and 11 acres per system, respectively. These recommendations are based on hydrogeologic parameters used to estimate groundwater flow volume. Public valley-wide sewer systems may be a better alternative to septic-tank systems where feasible.
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Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation
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