Journal articles on the topic 'Gift'
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Song, Reo, Risto Moisio, and Moon Young Kang. "Capitalizing on the spirit of giving: seeding virtual gift purchases in online social networks." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 6 (February 17, 2021): 1724–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-01-2019-0046.
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Purpose Virtual gifts have emerged as a common feature of online communities, social gaming and social networks. This paper aims to examine how network-related variables and gift-seeding impact virtual gift sales. The network variables include gift-giver centrality and gift-giving dispersion, capturing, respectively, the relative importance of gift-givers in a network and their tendency to give gifts to a greater or lesser number of network peers. Gift-seeding tactics capture social network firms’ attempts to stimulate virtual gift purchases by awarding virtual gifts to network members. Design/methodology/approach This study develops and estimates a fixed-effects panel data regression model to analyze virtual gift purchase data for a large social network service. Findings Gift-giver centrality, gift-giving dispersion and gift-seeding increase virtual gift purchases. Increases in consumers’ receipt of seed gifts from social network firms (“direct seeding”) and from other consumers (“indirect seeding”) increases virtual gift purchases. However, the extent to which consumers give seed gifts to their friends in the social network (“seed mediation”) does not affect sales. Greater gift-giver centrality amplifies (attenuates) the positive effects of direct (indirect) seeding. At greater levels of gift-giving dispersion, the effects of indirect seeding and seed mediation become negative. Furthermore, gift-seeding has spillover effects on virtual good (non-gift) purchases. Research limitations/implications This study’s data, drawn from a South Korean social network service, offer unique and valuable social network information on actual virtual gift purchases and their seeding. Future research should replicate the results of the study outside the South Korean context. Practical implications Given the effects reported in this study, social network firms can facilitate the purchases of virtual gifts by improving the targeting of consumers in social networks and gift-seeding tactics. Originality/value This study uniquely examines the individual and interactive effects of network-related variables and gift-seeding on virtual gift sales. The study is seminal in its examination of how gift-seeding can be used as a marketing tactic to increase virtual gift purchases.
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Xia, Huatian. "Historical Evolution of Gift Diplomacy from Ancient to Modern Times." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 4, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v4i2.791.
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Giving gifts is indispensable in diplomatic etiquette. The exchange of gifts can enhance friendship between the two countries or convey deep-seated intentions. With the development of society, diplomatic gifts are no longer antiques but more symbolic goods. Diplomatic gifts are defined from sociology, and the historical evolution of gift diplomacy is explored from the tributary system, the transformation of participants, and gift ontology. Through analysis, it is found that ancient gift diplomacy focuses on reflecting national strength and has hierarchical differences. The gift is given in the name of Nagong by the conquered. With the development of society and the weakening of hierarchy, modern diplomacy pursues equality. The country maintains friendly relations between countries through gift exchange. Diplomatic gifts usually have symbolic meaning, artistic value, and emotional value, and gift selection is increasingly flexible. Animals also become the common diplomatic gifts, such as China’s pandas, Japan’s dogs, and Russia’s cats.
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Thomsen, Thyra Uth, and Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky. "Gifting from the closet: thoughtful or thoughtless?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 6 (September 14, 2015): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-01-2015-1302.
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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the random collection of items for gifting which are stored in one’s home in a special place. Traditional gift-giving models suggest gift givers buy gifts for certain recipients on certain occasions. This study ' s journey into gift storage finds that some gift-giving practices are initially acquisition-less, recipient-less and/or occasion-less. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a convenience sample of 111, the main functions and motivations for gift storage are described. From a free elicitation process of gift-closet attributes, a first account of the symbolic meanings that gift storage is embedded in is provided. Findings – Seventy-seven per cent per cent of the sample had a gift closet where they stored gifts for which either the occasion or the recipient was not known at the time of acquisition. According to these gift-closet owners, the main purposes of gift closets are convenience, thrift and to have a place for surplus or shopping items. Social implications – While it makes sense to some consumers to prepare for future gift-giving occasions by stockpiling items in gift closets, the results indicate that storage may affect the symbolic value of the gift and, ultimately, the development of social ties. Consumers who gift from the closet believe that there are few negatives involved. However, people who do not have gift closets and receive gifts which they suspect are from storage may perceive a lack of caring and even feel insulted. Originality/value – Due to the unexplored nature of gift storage, the results reported in this paper represent a first exploratory account of gift storage and its possible effects on the relationship-building capacity of gifts.
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Ding, Yu, and Yan Zhang. "Hiding Gifts Behind the Veil of Vouchers: On the Effect of Gift Vouchers Versus Direct Gifts in Conditional Promotions." Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720916753.
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To boost sales, marketers often conduct promotions that offer gifts conditional on the purchase of a focal product. Such promotions can present gifts in different formats: customers could be informed that they will receive a gift directly or that they will receive a voucher entitling them to a gift. Normatively speaking, the two formats are equivalent, as a voucher’s value is identical to that of the gift it represents. Yet this article suggests that promotion format (voucher vs. direct gift) influences consumers’ intention to purchase the focal product. Five lab experiments and one field experiment reveal that, compared with presenting a gift directly, introducing a voucher attenuates the influence of gift value on purchase decisions, decreasing purchase intentions for promotions offering high-value gifts but increasing purchase intentions for promotions offering low-value gifts. This effect occurs because vouchers break the direct association between the focal product and the gift, reducing people’s tendency to compare the gift’s value with the focal product’s value. The effect observed can be attenuated by increasing the salience of gift value.
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Hudik, Marek, and Eddy S. Fang. "Money or in-kind gift? Evidence from red packets in China." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 5 (November 6, 2019): 731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000717.
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AbstractIn Western societies, in-kind gifts are generally more common than money gifts. However, exchange of in-kind gifts potentially involves inefficiency. Several models have been suggested to explain the in-kind gift-giving practice as a rational behaviour under certain assumptions about givers’ preferences and information and/or technological constraints. Unlike many Western societies, China has a long tradition of money gift-giving. So-called red packets are commonly exchanged. We argue that models developed to rationalise Western norms of gift-giving cannot fully account for Chinese gift-giving practices, and some Chinese practices even contradict existing theories. We collect Chinese household data through two surveys to establish stylised facts about gift-giving. We find that money gifts are commonly appropriate, depending on the occasion and relationship between givers and receivers. Moreover, for every occasion and relationship, money is more appropriate than gift vouchers. Finally, unlike studies focusing on Western gift-giving, our study finds no evidence that givers need to compensate receivers with higher value when giving money gifts rather than in-kind gifts. Our results are consistent with the view that the acceptability of money vis-à-vis in-kind gifts is governed primarily by social convention rather than information and technological constraints or the specific preferences of givers.
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Zaharov, M., I. Starovoytova, and Anastasiya Shishkova. "Social Gift as an Act of Communication: the Problem of Digitalization." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 9, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2020-17-22.
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Based on the study of modern domestic and foreign literature, the article reveals a variety of methodological approaches to the phenomenon of social gifting. The structure, essence, stages and functions of the gift act are analyzed. It is shown that a social gift is a non-verbal means of communication, a carrier of encoded information about the gift giver, the gift acceptor and the gift situation itself, aimed at establishing, maintaining and strengthening long-term social ties. The informational and symbolic effects of gift are disclosed, it is said about the change in the communication properties of a gift in modern society. The authors of the article showed that in a communication society, along with the positive aspects of social donation (ease of transmission, high level of emotionality, high social impact, etc.), negative aspects are also inevitable: an increase in the moment of uncertainty, non-guaranteed positivity of the consequences of the gift. The analysis of new forms of social gift: virtual gifts, digital gifts, gifts through social networks — is of particular interest. The authors investigate the new social risks of such gifts: insufficient privacy, excessive openness, the danger of losing the national-cultural component of the gift act, etc. The article is of great interest to all who study social transformations taking place in a communication society.
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Adla, Ludivine, Virginie Gallego-Roquelaure, and Ludivine Calamel. "Human resource management and innovation in SMEs." Personnel Review 49, no. 8 (December 18, 2019): 1519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-09-2018-0328.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relation between human resource management (HRM) and innovation in small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) through gift/counter-gift exchanges. Design/methodology/approach Using the theory of the gift/counter-gift, the authors study the case of a French SME, specifically, a technological innovation project developed from 2013 to 2016. The authors structure the data and create a model using the Gioia method. Findings The results reveal that the logic of giving evolves in three key stages: freeing up gifts, mobilizing gifts and rethinking gifts. Originality/value These stages highlight the importance of an enabling organizational environment, gift/counter-gift relationships and the role of a number of HRM practices.
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Rim, SoYon, Kate E. Min, Peggy J. Liu, Tanya L. Chartrand, and Yaacov Trope. "The Gift of Psychological Closeness: How Feasible Versus Desirable Gifts Reduce Psychological Distance to the Giver." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218784899.
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Gift-giving is a common form of social exchange but little research has examined how different gift types affect the psychological distance between giver and recipient. We examined how two types of gifts influence recipients’ perceived psychological distance to the giver. Specifically, we compared desirable gifts focused on the quality of the gift with feasible gifts focused on the gift’s practicality or ease of use. We found that feasible (vs. desirable) gifts led recipients to feel psychologically closer to givers (Studies 1-4). Further clarifying the process by which receiving a desirable versus feasible gift affects perceived distance, when recipients were told that the giver focused on the gift’s practicality or ease of use (vs. the gift’s overall quality), while holding the specific features of the gifts constant, they felt closer to the gift-giver (Study 5). These results shed light on how different gifts can influence interpersonal relationships.
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Hayward, Maria. "Gift Giving at the Court of Henry VIII: the 1539 New Year's Gift Roll in Context." Antiquaries Journal 85 (September 2005): 126–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500074382.
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The exchange of gifts at the New Year was a very significant social, political and financial event at the court of Henry VIII, just as it would have been at the courts of his English predecessors and European contemporaries. The process of gift exchange, including who made, received and gave gifts, was recorded each year in the gift roll. This article presents a detailed analysis of the 1539 gift roll, now in the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC, in the context of the other extant rolls for 1528, 1532 and 1534. Areas for discussion include a consideration of the range and significance of the gifts given and received by Henry and the role of the goldsmiths who made the king's gifts, including the weight, style and shape of the pieces commissioned. The article is supported by a full transcript of the 1539 gift roll, which is accompanied by extensive references comparing this gift roll to the other surviving gift rolls.
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Patel, Richard M., and Raquel Miller. "When a Patient Presents With a Present: Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Gifts Given to Psychiatrists." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 13, no. 3 (2012): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.13.3.209.
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Objective: This article reviews the issue of patients giving gifts to psychiatrists and mental health providers. Method: Anonymous survey of 100 academic psychiatrists measured prevalence of receiving gifts, type and estimated dollar value of gifts given, and psychiatrists’ reactions to gifts. Case vignettes illustrate clinical situations associated with gift giving and how failure to recognize motivation of gift giving may lead to situations requiring immediate intervention. Results: 71% of psychiatrists surveyed received (were offered & accepted) at least one gift in prior year (average 0.36 per month and 3.6 per year; $11.40 average [estimated] amount per gift). Group comparisons achieving at least a p < 0.05 significance: outpatient psychiatrists received gifts twice as often as inpatient, female and outpatient groups’ gifts were estimated as more expensive, a positive correlation was found between psychiatrists receiving gifts and psychiatrists giving a positive response to gifts, there was significantly more negative responses to high cost gifts (>$100) than to low cost (<$20), and outpatient psychiatrists reported interpreting gift’s meaning more often than inpatient. Conclusions: Psychiatrists are commonly offered and accept gifts from patients. Gifts communicate patient information and response to treatment. Although the act of gift giving sends important data to the receiving psychiatrist, including boundary violation issues, there are no agreed upon guidelines regarding how to respond. Future study should explore the meanings and appropriateness of a gift regarding type, cost, timing, frequency, intent, as well as how providers can respond to the gesture.
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Pavón-Peláez, Camila, Valentina Franco-Trecu, Irene Pandulli-Alonso, Therésa M. Jones, and Maria J. Albo. "Beyond the prey: male spiders highly invest in silk when producing worthless gifts." PeerJ 10 (January 5, 2022): e12757. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12757.
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In the spider Paratrechalea ornata, males have two gift-giving mating tactics, offering either a nutritive (prey) or a worthless (prey leftovers) silk wrapped gift to females. Both gift types confer similar mating success and duration and afford males a higher success rate than when they offer no gift. If this lack of difference in the reproductive benefits is true, we would expect all males to offer a gift but some males to offer a worthless gift even if prey are available. To test this, we allowed 18 males to court multiple females over five consecutive trials. In each trial, a male was able to produce a nutritive gift (a live housefly) or a worthless gift (mealworm exuviae). We found that, in line with our predictions, 20% of the males produced worthless gifts even when they had the opportunity to produce a nutritive one. However, rather than worthless gifts being a cheap tactic, they were related to a higher investment in silk wrapping. This latter result was replicated for worthless gifts produced in both the presence and absence of a live prey item. We propose that variation in gift-giving tactics likely evolved initially as a conditional strategy related to prey availability and male condition in P. ornata. Selection may then have favoured silk wrapping as a trait involved in female attraction, leading worthless gift-giving to invade.
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Hamilton, Erica Shane. "The Gifts of Illness: A Buddhist Perspective." Biofeedback 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-39.2.05.
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This article offers a perspective on illness that is based on direct experiences with illness and Buddhist practice. The thesis is that illness actually provides people with many opportunities to wake up patience, mindfulness, and wisdom. The author asserts that people with illness can choose to see the following gifts of illness: the gift of tolerance, the gift of mindfulness, the gift of moving toward embodiment, the gift of contemplation, the gift of transcendence, the gift of letting go, and the gift of developing compassion. These gifts of illness are often overlooked in efforts to rid oneself of illness as soon as possible. The author gained an important insight while she was simultaneously ill with inflammatory bowel disease and contemplated Buddhist teachings: The suffering from illness can be transformed into awareness, compassion, and love.
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Branco-Illodo, Ines, Teresa Heath, and Caroline Tynan. "“You really shouldn't have!” Coping with failed gift experiences." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 4 (March 7, 2020): 857–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2018-0309.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine coping approaches used by receivers to deal with failed gift experiences, thereby dealing with misperceptions between givers and receivers that could affect their relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sequential, multimethod methodology using background questionnaires, online diary method and 27 semi-structured interviews. Findings Receivers cope with failed gift experiences through concealing, disclosing or re-evaluating the gift experience. These approaches encompass several coping strategies, allowing receivers to deal with their experiences in ways that help them manage their relationships with givers. Research limitations/implications Informants described gift experiences in their own terms without being prompted to talk about coping, thus some insights of coping with failed gifts may have been missed. Multiple data collection methods were used to minimise this limitation, and the research findings suggest new avenues for future research. Practical implications The present research helps retailers and brands to minimise gift failure by promoting gifts that emphasise aspects of the giver–receiver relationship, assists givers in their learning from gift failure by making them aware of the receiver’s preferences and reduces the cost of gift failure by offering further opportunities to dispose of unwanted gifts. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging topic of consumer coping by providing a novel and rounded understanding of coping in the context of failed gift events, identifying new reasons for gift failure, highlighting receivers’ ethical considerations when responding to failed gifts and proposing new insights for the coping literature.
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Limanto, Susana, Vincentius Riandaru Prasetyo, and Ni Wayan Gitaputri. "Gift Recommendations Based on Personality Using Fuzzy and Big Five Personality Test." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 6, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v6i6.4507.
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Gifts are usually given to someone to strengthen a relationship or to motivate someone. However, givers often need help determining the appropriate gift for the potential recipient. On the other hand, many recipients are disappointed with the gifts received. This event can result in the relationship between the giver and recipient being disrupted or the motivational goal not being achieved. This research aims to develop a system to recommend gifts based on the recipient's personality. Gift recommendation is determined based on the recipient's personality because the recipient highly values gifts that match the recipient's personality. The system is built using the Fuzzy method, and the personality measurement tool used is the Big Five Personality Test. Fifteen pairs of respondents validated the system. The validation results show that 80% of respondents as gift-givers strongly agree that the system helps determine the appropriate gift for someone. In addition, 73.33% of respondents as gift recipients strongly agree that the gifts recommended by the system do not disappoint them.
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Ghislandi, Paolo Giovanni, Maria J. Albo, Cristina Tuni, and Trine Bilde. "Evolution of deceit by worthless donations in a nuptial gift-giving spider." Current Zoology 60, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.1.43.
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Abstract Males of the nursery web spider Pisaura mirabilis usually offer an insect prey wrapped in white silk as a nuptial gift to facilitate copulation. Males exploit female foraging preferences in a sexual context as females feed on the gift during copulation. It is possible for males to copulate without a gift, however strong female preference for the gift leads to dramatically higher mating success for gift-giving males. Females are polyandrous, and gift-giving males achieve higher mating success, longer copulations, and increased sperm transfer that confer advantages in sperm competition. Intriguingly, field studies show that approximately one third of males carry a worthless gift consisting of dry and empty insect exoskeletons or plant fragments wrapped in white silk. Silk wrapping disguises gift content and females are able to disclose gift content only after accepting and feeding on the gift, meanwhile males succeed in transferring sperm. The evolution of deceit by worthless gift donation may be favoured by strong intra-sexual competition and costs of gift-construction including prey capture, lost foraging opportunities and investment in silk wrapping. Females that receive empty worthless gifts terminate copulation sooner, which reduces sperm transfer and likely disadvantages males in sperm competition. The gift-giving trait may thus become a target of sexually antagonistic co-evolution, where deceit by worthless gifts leads to female resistance to the trait. We discuss factors such as female mating rate and intensity of sperm competition that may shape the evolution of male deception, and how ecological factors may influence the evolution and maintenance of worthless gifts as an evolutionarily stable alternative mating strategy by frequency dependent selection.
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Schneider, David. "The Gift of Gadgetry [Gifts." IEEE Spectrum 47, no. 11 (November 2010): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2010.5605883.
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Polman, Evan, and Sam J. Maglio. "Mere Gifting: Liking a Gift More Because It Is Shared." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 11 (July 20, 2017): 1582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217718525.
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We investigated a type of mere similarity that describes owning the same item as someone else. Moreover, we examined this mere similarity in a gift-giving context, whereby givers gift something that they also buy for themselves (a behavior we call “companionizing”). Using a Heiderian account of balancing unit-sentiment relations, we tested whether gift recipients like gifts more when gifts are companionized. Akin to mere ownership, which describes people liking their possessions more merely because they own them, we tested a complementary prediction: whether people like their possessions more merely because others own them too. Thus, in a departure from previous work, we examined a type of similarity based on two people sharing the same material item. We find that this type of sharing causes gift recipients to like their gifts more, and feel closer to gift givers.
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Nazrul, KM Shahriar, AA Mamun, BS Sarker, and US Tonny. "Morphological variability of the 11th generation strain of nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) and traditional genetically improved farmed tilapia." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11050.
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To investigate the morphological variations 12 morphometric and 11meristic characters were studied for 100 individuals of the same age of traditional strain GIFT (5th generation) and recently developed 11th generation strain (GIFU) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. No significant difference was found between total length and other body measurements at 5% level. However, GIFU showed faster linear growth on body depth, maximum body circumference and minimum body circumference where GIFT showed faster linear growth on standard length and head length. On meristic characters, notable variations were observed in case of scale above and below the lateral line, where GIFU individuals showed greater number of scales in both cases. The total length and body weight relationship of both the strains were found to be straight line in logarithmic scales. The mean values of condition factor (K) have been found to be 1.671 for GIFT and 1.711 for GIFU and the mean values of relative condition facto (Kn) were 1.001 and 1.002 for GIFT and GIFU respectively. Findings of the present study suggested the variability of strain GIFU and GIFT in some important parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11050 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 345349, 2011
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Yang, Adelle X., and Oleg Urminsky. "The Smile-Seeking Hypothesis: How Immediate Affective Reactions Motivate and Reward Gift Giving." Psychological Science 29, no. 8 (June 19, 2018): 1221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618761373.
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People making decisions for others often do not choose what their recipients most want. Prior research has generally explained such preference mismatches as decision makers mispredicting recipients’ satisfaction. We proposed that a “smile-seeking” motive is a distinct cause for these mismatches in the context of gift giving. After examining common gift options for which gift givers expect a difference between the recipients’ affective reaction (e.g., a smile when receiving the gift) and overall satisfaction, we found that givers often chose to forgo satisfaction-maximizing gifts and instead favor reaction-maximizing gifts. This reaction-maximizing preference was mitigated when givers anticipated not giving the gift in person. Results from six studies suggest that anticipated affective reactions powerfully shape gift givers’ choices and giving experiences, independently of (and even in spite of) anticipated recipient satisfaction. These findings reveal a dominant yet overlooked role that the display of affective reactions plays in motivating and rewarding gift-giving behaviors and shed new light on interpersonal decision making.
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Nauryzbek, M. D. "Preventing conflicts of i nterest: the policy of giving and accepting gifts in the civil service." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2020-1-4-279-285.
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The article raises the issue of conflict of interest and its prevention. The first threat of a conflict of interest in general is a violation of the balance between the personal interests of civil servants and the public interest. And the second risk is that a conflict of interest reduces the level of public trust and confidence in the loyalty and impartiality of public officials. This article analyzes and studies the real form of conflict of interest in Kazakhstan, namely two gift policy options. In particular, the zero gift policy and the limited gift ban policy are the subject of this research. On the one hand, the gift policy may completely prohibit accepting the gifts in order to prevent conflicts of interest. This zero gift policy implies that there is a ban for any gifts, regardless of the price. The establishment of a zero gift policy affects the level of confidence in the government, since citizens know that no factors affect the performance of a civil servant’s work. However, this will significantly restrict the freedom of action of civil servants. On the other hand, the gift policy can determine the rules for accepting the gifts both at workplace and after the work hours. If a gift is permissible, then there is a question of establishing an acceptable price. This means adopting a policy of limited prohibition on gifts and such a policy promotes the development of civil servants' consciousness. As a result, the author suggests a more favorable policy for Kazakhstan.
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Huang, Li-Chun, and Yen-Chun Lin. "Who Decides to Give a Gift of Fresh Flowers? The Effects of Givers and Receivers on the Likelihood of Buying Fresh Flowers for Gifts." HortScience 50, no. 7 (July 2015): 1028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.7.1028.
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As gifts are an important market sector for selling fresh flowers, this study investigated the effects of the characteristics associated with the dyads of givers and receivers on the probability of buying fresh flowers as gifts. Based on the theory of gift giving, several factors were hypothesized to influence the probability of buying fresh flowers as gifts, including givers’ financial capability and the perceived gift values of flowers, as well as knowledge of receiver’s needs, preferences, and difficulty to please. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to test the hypotheses. Results of the statistical analysis based on 394 valid questionnaires revealed that the perceived gift values of flowers, i.e., the economic value, functional value, social value, and expressive value, were the most important factors for the consumer decision of whether to buy fresh flowers as gifts. However, different gift values were emphasized for fresh flowers across different relational ties. For example, economic value was the key value when the receivers were parents, whereas social value and expressive value were emphasized when the receivers were romantic partners. Different from many previous studies, this study revealed that financial capability did not influence the likelihood of givers deciding to purchase fresh flowers for gifts. The study results implied that when promoting fresh flowers for gift use, the gift values of fresh flowers need to be emphasized to consumers.
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Astuti, Luh Suti, and Marlinda Fitriani Bara. "Fungsi Karunia Roh Kudus dalam Pelayanan Gereja Digital Berdasarkan 1 Korintus 12:1-11." Jurnal Kala Nea 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61295/kalanea.v3i1.98.
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This paper reviews the gift of the Holy Spirit in 1 Corinthians 12:1-11. The method used in writing this topic is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The role and function of the Holy Spirit based on 1 Corinthians 12: 1-11 is to enlighten believers in preaching the gospel. The purpose of the gift of the Holy Spirit is to help in the ministry of the Digital Church and to show that the power of God is more dominant than the powers of the universe. In preaching the gospel, the function of the gifts of the Holy Spirit has a very important role. Preaching the Gospel is the Great Commission of Jesus Christ, and the responsibility of believers. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the gifts of the spirit function in the ministry of the church in digital. In 1 Corinthians 12: 1-11 the Apostle Paul further explains how about healing in the church? In 1 Corinthians 12 there is an answer from Paul to the Corinthians' question about the gifts of the Spirit. There are various kinds of gifts: the gift of healing, the gift of prophecy, the gift of discernment of spirits, and the gift of tongues. These gifts are given for the purpose of assisting, helping and facilitating the ministry of preaching the gospel of the Kingdom of God.
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Spaid, Sue. "Enacting Gifts: Performances on Par with Art Experiences." Aesthetic Investigations 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v5i1.11775.
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Given the coterie of philosophers focused on everyday aesthetics, it's fascinating that gift reception has heretofore managed to escape their scrutiny. To enact a gift, recipients begin by imagining its use. On this level, gifts serve as a litmus test. In luring us, we're taken out of our normal ways of being to experience a different side of ourselves. Enacting a gift is thus a kind of performance, whose value depends on the donee’s interpretation, just as exhibitions, concerts, staged plays or books are performances of visual art, scores, scripts or texts, whose interpretations demonstrate their aesthetic value. To develop the relationship between enacting gifts and performing artworks, I begin by surveying junctures along the gift-event’s arc: reply, imagination, trust, recognition, transformation and memory. Transformations arising from agonistic gifts strike me as significant because they characterise the way gifts challenge our beliefs, eventually altering our values. That we grow to love gifts, which we originally rejected out of hand, casts doubt on self-knowledge. Enacted gifts handily challenge self-knowledge’s twin features: authority and transparency. As this paper indicates, gift reception helps both to understand ourselves better and to remove the obstacles to what Quassim Cassim calls Substantive Self-Knowledge.
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Henriksen Garroway, Kristine. "The Case of Joseph’s Coat: Giving Gifts to Children in the Hebrew Bible." Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East 1, no. 2 (October 19, 2022): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v1i2.1452.
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Joseph’s coat is one of the most recognizable garments in the Hebrew Bible. In The Gift, Marcel Mauss theorizes that a gift contains part of the giver’s social persona, thus requiring a counter-gift to be given. Drawing on Mauss’s work as a heuristic category, this study investigates the economy of gifts and counter-gifts in the Hebrew Bible using Joseph’s coat as a case study. Joseph’s age at the time he receives the gift and the seeming lack of a counter-gift form the two main questions that this study investigates. To answer these questions requires determining who made the coat, a question best answered through an archaeological analysis of how textiles were created in ancient Israel. The paper concludes that an ancient audience would have understood both Jacob and Rachel to be makers of the gift, and therefore the (expected) recipients of a counter-gift. The end of the Joseph Novella suggests that this expectation was met after a period of delay, during which time Joseph grew into adulthood and rose to a position where he could properly return a gift on par with the special coat.
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Brummell, Paul. "A Gift for a President." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10058.
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Summary Gifts to US Presidents from foreign leaders between 2001 and 2016 are analysed in this essay, to assess the motivation behind the choice of gift against the background of the regulated character of the transaction through the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act. Seven strategies are identified: showcasing the culture of the gifting country; highlighting the bilateral relationship; praising US culture and values; praising or appealing to the interests of the President; offering a nice gift; impressing through a lavish gift and supporting the luxury exports of the gifting country. The first three strategies acknowledge the regulated character of the gift exchange, the next three try to mask it in a focus on the personal and the seventh combines elements of both. Prior co-ordination with the US side sometimes influences the choice of gift.
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Emelyanov, Nikolay, and Greg Yudin. "Structural Position of the Priest in Gift-Exchange Systems." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 17, no. 3 (2018): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2018-3-9-29.
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In this paper, we argue that the priest has a unique structural position to initiate and promote gift exchange. Gift exchange is an important mode of economic integration, one that prevents both cutthroat competition and a parasitic dependence on a centralized hierarchy. In dwelling on gift exchange theory, we demonstrate why the promotion of gifts is largely suppressed nowadays: Marcel Mauss’ second imperative of the gift, that is, the obligation to receive gifts, becomes inoperative under neoliberal capitalism. We rely on Marshall Sahlins’ and Chris Gregory’s analyses to argue that gift giving can be de-blocked by introducing the position of the ‘excluded participant’ who takes part in the gift exchange system but is known to have no self-interest. His presence enables other participants to accept gifts without being afraid of falling into personal bondage. We analyze the Christian theological ideas of the function of the priest in reaching the conclusion that priests are predisposed to take the position of the ‘excluded participant’. On one hand, the priest in persona Christi acts neither on his own behalf nor for his own self-interest, while on the other hand, he remains a member and governor of the community. Historical sources confirm that generating the gift exchange has always been the key activity of priests in Christian communities.
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Barker, William. "The Gifts of Erasmus." Erasmus Studies 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 28–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-04301007.
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Abstract The article is a short introduction to the life-long gift-practice of Erasmus—the gifts he received, the gifts he gave, and the symbolic and moral meaning of the gift cycle of reception, gratitude, and reciprocation that pertained to a wide range of exchanges—from small objects to casks of wine to large gifts of money. His book dedications also belonged to that same gift cycle. His management of gifts was driven in part by necessity, as he needed funds and sometimes protection in order to pursue his studies and writing outside the normal framework of institutional structures. Gifts were a sign of his capacity to flourish within the community of friends (and donors) that he was able to draw around himself.
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Marchand, André, Michael Paul, Thorsten Hennig-Thurau, and Georg Puchner. "How Gifts Influence Relationships With Service Customers and Financial Outcomes for Firms." Journal of Service Research 20, no. 2 (December 14, 2016): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670516682091.
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Service companies invest billions of dollars to develop and maintain long-term customer relationships by offering corporate gifts. Yet several questions remain regarding such relationship marketing instruments: What impact do different kinds of gifts have on customers? Which perceptions allow gifts to affect customer behavior? What financial outcomes do these gifts imply for firms? To answer these questions, the authors use data from 1,950 airline customers—combining a longitudinal field experiment with internal customer database information—and explore the effects of different gift designs on customer perceptions and actual spending behavior. The experiment manipulates four gift designs (economic related/unrelated; social related/unrelated) and measures customer perceptions and behavior at different points in time. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and spotlight analyses reveal that the congruent combinations of economic related and social unrelated gift dimensions have the strongest effects on customer perceptions of relationship investment. Serial mediation analyses further reveal that the impact of gifts on customer spending is fully mediated by customer perceptions of perceived relationship investment and repurchase intention. Economic related gifts produce the highest contribution margins. Service managers may use these findings to design effective gifts and management processes (e.g., gift success tracking).
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Dauncey, Sarah. "BONDING, BENEVOLENCE, BARTER, AND BRIBERY: IMAGES OF FEMALE GIFT EXCHANGE IN THE JIN PING MEI." NAN NÜ 5, no. 2 (2003): 203–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852603322691128.
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AbstractThis article examines images of the practice of gift exchange among women in the late Ming. Despite the fact that the majority of orthodox historical and didactic sources overlook such activity among women, other sources such as the novel Jin Ping Mei reveal perceptions that gift-giving practices were common among women and could be used to facilitate many forms of social action. While highlighting the more mundane use of gifts in lieu of cash and the darker aspect of gift exchange for bribery, the fictional world of the Jin Ping Mei also reflects the socially significant practices of dowry preparation, betrothal gift presentation, and the everyday exchange of gifts to develop friendships and relationships.
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Wang, Yanan, Hong Wu, Chenxi Xia, and Naiji Lu. "Impact of the Price of Gifts From Patients on Physicians’ Service Quality in Online Consultations: Empirical Study Based on Social Exchange Theory." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): e15685. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15685.
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Background Gift giving from patients to physicians, which is prohibited in traditional clinical settings in China, has been found to occur in online health communities. However, there is debate on the validity of online gifts since physicians gain an economic benefit. Moreover, the potential impact of these gifts, particularly with respect to the financial value of the gift, on the online consultation service quality remains unexplored. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the impact of gift price on the quality of physicians’ online consultation service. Insight into this impact is expected to help resolve existing debate on the appropriateness of the gift-giving practice in online consultations. Methods A dataset of 141 physicians and 4249 physician-patient interactions was collected from the Good Physician Online website, which is the largest online consultation platform in China. Based on social exchange theory, we investigated how gift price affects the quality of physicians’ online consultation service and how this impact changes according to the physician’s service price and number of all gifts received. Manual annotation was used to identify the information support paragraphs and emotional support paragraphs in the answers of physicians. The quality of the information support paragraphs, rather than the complete answer, was used to test the robustness of our model. Results Gift price had a positive impact on the quality of physicians’ online consultation service (β=4.941, P<.01). This impact was negatively mediated by both the physician’s service price (β=–9.245, P<.001) and the total number of gifts they received (β=–5.080, P<.001). Conclusions Gift price has a positive impact on physicians’ online behavior, although the impact varies among physicians.
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Adla, Ludivine, and Virginie Gallego-Roquelaure. "The gift in shared HRM ethics in SMEs." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 997–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2018-0171.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how the relationship of gifts/counter-gifts between actors enables us to build an HRM policy that we call “shared and ethical”. It is shared because it is co-constructed by both owner-manager and employees, and ethical because it is deemed desirable by the players and meets their expectations. This approach aims to make HRM more responsible in view of the commitments made by stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach Drawing upon the Maussian theory of gift/counter-gift, a longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted over a period of three years with a French SME. Findings The authors highlight two key stages in the gift process: the initial gift of the owner-manager, which is reflected in the establishment of a social pact, and the gap in perception between employees’ contribution and the counter-gift expected of the owner-manager. The authors show the complexity of the gift-chain by building a shared and ethical HRM and highlight the tensions identified between the existence of tools and mutual adjustments in HRM through gifts and counter-gifts. Originality/value Usual HRM in SMEs is centred on the owner-manager. On the contrary this research highlights how an SME can develop an alternative HRM. A longitudinal and retrospective study, carried out with a French SME, led to the construction of a process modelling of a shared HRM ethics.
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Offenberg, Jennifer Pate. "Markets: Gift Cards." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.2.227.
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The Mobil Oil Company introduced the first retail gift card that recorded value on a magnetic strip in 1995. In under a decade, such gift cards replaced apparel as the number one item sold during the Christmas season. This study will discuss the reasons for the strong surge in the gift card market. It will then consider the value of gift cards as an intermediate option between two alternatives: purchasing a physical gift, which could possibly be returned or exchanged, versus giving cash. Empirical data on the resale price of gift cards from an Internet auction website provide information on the value that recipients place on gift cards suggesting that the difference between the cost of a gift card to the giver and its value to the recipient is substantial, although perhaps not quite as large as the parallel gap involved in physical gifts.
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Zolkefli, Yusrita. "Healthcare Dilemma Towards Gift Giving by Patients." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 28, no. 5 (October 26, 2021): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.5.14.
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Gift giving is generally well-intentioned and graciously accepted to healthcare professionals but it is also one of the concerns that cause an ethical dilemma in health care. Is the gift giving ethically appropriate? Tangible guidance about how healthcare professionals would respond to gift giving is possibly scarce and non-specific. In cases where there is an absence of hospital policy specifying how to treat patients’ gifts, healthcare professionals may need to reflect several factors when addressing the dilemmas. This factor includes a reflection on the implications of responding to the gifts.
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KILBURN-TOPPIN, JASMINE. "GIFTING CULTURES AND ARTISANAL GUILDS IN SIXTEENTH- AND EARLY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON." Historical Journal 60, no. 4 (May 29, 2017): 865–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000583.
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AbstractThis article reconsiders the gift within London's sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century livery companies. Previous research into guild gift-giving cultures has focused exclusively upon substantial bequests of money and property by mercantile elites to the ‘great twelve’ livery companies. Through charitable gifts, citizens established godly reputations and legacies, perpetuated through the guild institution. It is argued here that a rich culture of material gift-giving, hitherto overlooked by historians, also thrived within London's craft guilds. Drawing on company gift books, inventories, and material survivals from guild collections, this article examines typologies of donors and gifts, the anticipated ‘returns’ on the gift by the recipient company, and the ideal spatial and temporal contexts for gift-giving. This material approach reveals that master artisans negotiated civic status, authority, and memory through the presentation of a wide range of gifted artefacts for display and ritual use in London's livery halls. Moreover, this culture of gift-giving was so deep-rooted and significant that it survived the Reformation upheavals largely intact. Finally, the embellishment of rituals of gifting, and the synchronization of gifting and feasting rites from the second half of the sixteenth century, are further evidence for the resurgence of English civic culture in this era.
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Peng, Li, Yanan Wang, and Jing Chen. "Consequences of Gift Giving in Online Health Communities on Physician Service Quality: Empirical Text Mining Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): e18569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18569.
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Background Gift giving, which has been a heavily debated topic in health care for many years, is considered as a way of expressing gratitude and to be beneficial for the physician-patient relationship within a reasonable range. However, not much work has been done to examine the influence of gift giving on physicians’ service quality, especially in the online health care environment. Objective This study addressed the consequences of gift giving by mining and analyzing the dynamic physician-patient interaction processes in an online health community. Specifically, gift types (affective or instrumental) based on the motivations and physician-patient tie strength were carefully considered to account for differences in physicians’ service quality. Methods The dynamic interaction processes (involving 3154 gifts) between 267 physicians and 14,187 patients from a well-known online health community in China (haodf.com) were analyzed to obtain empirical results. Results Our results reveal that patient gift giving inspires physicians to improve their service quality as measured by physicians’ more detailed responses and improved bedside manner, and the degree of influence varied according to the strength of the physician-patient tie. Moreover, affective gifts and instrumental gifts had different effects in improving physicians’ service quality online. Conclusions This study is among the first to explore gift giving in online health communities providing both important theoretical and practical contributions. All of our results suggest that gift giving online is of great significance to promoting effective physician-patient communication and is conducive to the relief of physician-patient conflicts.
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Barclay, John M. G. "Gift and Grace in Philippians, 2 Thessalonians, and Ephesians: a Response." Horizons in Biblical Theology 41, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712207-12341399.
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Abstract This response to Willis, Sumney, and MacDonald highlights and develops their key points. Reinforcing Willis’ reading of gift-reciprocity in Philippians, seen even in the self-giving (non-“taking”) of Christ (Phil 2.6-11), it is argued that Paul views gifts in Christ as operative simultaneously at two levels—gifts circulate among believers, but also come from God and are offered to God. Sumney’s reading of 2 Thessalonians is nuanced by connecting the language of “worth” to 1 Thess 2.12: the congruity between believers and the Kingdom of God is based on the agency of God and the prior gift of new life. Further reflection is offered on the perfection of “efficacy” and its possible range of meanings. Finally, MacDonald’s reading of Ephesians is affirmed with emphasis on the Christ-gift as the key to the cosmos; the Psalm-interpretation in Ephesians 4.7-10 clarifies how this gift permeates (“fills”) all reality, as manifested first in gifts within Christ’s body.
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Guliyev, Ahmad. "“Giving What They Hold Dear”: Safavid Diplomatic Gifts to Venice." Diplomatica 5, no. 1 (May 8, 2023): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-bja10079.
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Abstract The exchange of gifts was an important aspect of the relations between the Safavid Empire and the Republic of Venice. Drawing on Venetian archival documents, the article aims to explore the nature and significance of Safavid diplomatic gift-giving to Venice in the first third of the seventeenth century. In particular, it examines the place and importance of precious objects in gift exchanges, looking at specific types of gifts given such as carpets, textiles, and weaponry. The article sheds light on the role religion played in the determination of a Shah’s choice of a gift to the Doge. Furthermore, this article examines how the diplomatic gifts from the Safavid rulers were viewed and conceived in Venice. Using a comparative perspective, the article explores the differences between the Safavid gift-giving strategies towards Venice and Ottomans. It reveals that the Safavids and Venetians had a common understanding of what was worthy of giving.
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Martynova, E. Р. "The institution of gift exchange among the Ob Ugrians in the anthropological discourse." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 3 (2021): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-3-546-555.
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Introduction: the work is written in the discourse of economic anthropology. The relevance of the institute of gift-giving among the Ob-Ugric peoples is determined by the interest in the study of their traditional culture, as well as the desire to determine its role and functions in the modern global world. Objective: to consider and analyze different types of gift exchange and related communications among the Ob-Ugric people in the past and in modern practices. Research materials: the author’s field materials collected among different groups of Ob-Ugric people; works of authors of the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries, containing descriptions of trade deals with the participation of the indigenous population of the Ob North. Results and novelty of the research: on the materials about the Ob Ugrians the kinship and friendship gifts connected with the custom of guesting, exchange of gifts in the rites of transition, gift exchange with spirits, gift exchange with the authorities during the period of integration into the system of Russian statehood and elements of gift exchange relations in trade are studied. The essence of the institution of gift-exchange is revealed through the theoretical developments of the classics of economic anthropology, first of all, M. Moss. Gift-giving in Khanty and Mansi culture has both real and symbolic value. The first one is equivalent to the value of things or services, and the second is determined by the fact that gifts are perceived as a pledge of success and prosperity in the future. The gift was a peculiar mechanism of maintaining ties both between different collectives within the community and with the outside world, including otherworldly forces.
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Ghose, Sudeepta. "Understanding Gift: From Mauss to Derrida." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1597.
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This paper probes into the practice of gift-giving and tries to find out the true character of gift. The paper begins with the common perception about gifts and proceeds to present an insightful analysis of Marcel Mauss’ understanding of gift. It then delves into Jacques Derrida’s take on the subject. The paper brings out the moments of convergences and divergences in thoughts of Mauss and Derrida before drawing up some conclusions about the nature of gift and its differences with other forms of exchange.
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Gempf, Conrad. "Paul, the Gift, and Jesus; or What Happened to the Jesus Tradition?" Evangelical Quarterly 89, no. 4 (April 26, 2018): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-08904003.
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In his book, Paul and the Gift, John Barclay has demonstrated that Paul’s ideas about χάρις—Gift/Grace—are based on ancient understandings of gift. There are various facets of giftness, and Paul might differ from our preconceptions in that for him, 1) gifts are not ‘without strings’ but define relationships and involve social obligations; and Paul particularly emphasises 2) incongruity between giver and recipient, 3) superabundance of the gift, and 4) priority—that is, the gift is given before the obliged responses. Looking at the Parable of the Ungrateful Servant, this paper discusses the way that all four of these are emphases in Jesus’s teaching as well (despite the lack of the umbrella term of Gift/Grace) and suggests that Paul will have received these ideas from the Jesus tradition.
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White, Paul, and Natalie Hamrick. "Understanding the tangible gifts language of appreciation." Strategic HR Review 18, no. 5 (October 14, 2019): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-03-2019-0023.
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Purpose Businesses are spending billions of dollars on recognition rewards with the intent of boosting employee engagement, job satisfaction, and ultimately, their bottom line. However, employee engagement is at an all-time low. The purpose of this study was designed to take a step back to understand if there are demographic differences that influence personal preferences for tangible gifts as their preferred language of appreciation and of those who prefer to receive gifts, what types of gifts are most valued. Design/methodology/approach This study compared the demographics of those who selected tangible gifts as their primary (N = 8,811), secondary (N = 14,827) or least valued (N = 108,586) language of appreciation (motivating by appreciation inventory, White, 2011). From those with tangible gifts as their primary language of appreciation, 500 were randomly selected to code their open-ended suggestions for a preferred gift. Findings There are no important factors across the demographics of gender, age or work setting that influence whether individuals are more or less likely to choose tangible gifts as their primary, secondary or least valued language of appreciation. Respondents identified gift cards, additional paid time off and gifts related to desired personal experiences as their top gift choices. Originality/value When giving gifts to colleagues, discovering individuals’ personal preferences (favorite store, restaurant, ticketed event, food, drink and lunch option) is more likely to result in a gift that “hits the mark” in showing appreciation to the recipient.
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Brauner, Christina. "Connecting Things: Trading Companies and Diplomatic Gift-Giving on the Gold and Slave Coasts in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Journal of Early Modern History 20, no. 4 (July 5, 2016): 408–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342503.
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Gift-giving was an important feature of cross-cultural diplomacy in the complex political landscape of the early modern Gold and Slave coasts. The article examines gift-giving practices that European trading companies used toward African rulers and elites, relating them to European courtly diplomacy. Tracing the repertoire of gift objects, it argues that the very function ascribed to gifts required learning about another’s rules, values, habits, or tastes. In consequence, a repertoire of gifts peculiar to the contact zone was established, consisting not least of objects adapted into local practices and production. These processes of adaptation were influenced by the materiality of the objects.
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Silber, Ilana F. "Gifts in Rites of Passage or gifts as rites of passage? Standing at the threshold between Van Gennep and Marcel Mauss." Journal of Classical Sociology 18, no. 4 (November 2018): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x18789017.
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This article revisits Arnold Van Gennep’s Rites de passage from the point of view of gift theory. Gifts emerge as quasi-omnipresent and in association with all sorts as well as all phases of rites of passage in Van Gennep’s text. However, he never explicitly addresses nor problematizes this pervasive connection between gifts and rites of passage. In contrast with Marcel Mauss’s later Essai sur le don, moreover, Rites de passage tends to relate to gift-exchange in either mere instrumental, economic terms, or as a rather simple and efficient, binding and “unifying” mechanism, while displaying none of Mauss’s complementary attentiveness to the agonistic as well as more complex and contradictory features of gift processes. Yet, precisely the ideas of margin and liminality for which Van Gennep’s became best known, but which did not seep at all into his own treatment of gifts, may be drawn upon to approach gift interactions as ritual processes, perhaps even rites of passage, with liminal phases and anti-structural features of their own kind. Such an angle of analysis happens to converge with current approaches to the gift that have underscored the part it may play in fraught dynamics of mutual definition and recognition in human interactions. It might also suggest new ways of interpreting the deep, recurrent association between gifts and rites of passage, which Rites de passage unwittingly contributed to highlight, but still needs to be further explored and conceptualized.
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Albo, Maria J., Trine Bilde, and Gabriele Uhl. "Sperm storage mediated by cryptic female choice for nuptial gifts." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1772 (December 7, 2013): 20131735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1735.
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Polyandrous females are expected to discriminate among males through postcopulatory cryptic mate choice. Yet, there is surprisingly little unequivocal evidence for female-mediated cryptic sperm choice. In species in which nuptial gifts facilitate mating, females may gain indirect benefits through preferential storage of sperm from gift-giving males if the gift signals male quality. We tested this hypothesis in the spider Pisaura mirabilis by quantifying the number of sperm stored in response to copulation with males with or without a nuptial gift, while experimentally controlling copulation duration. We further assessed the effect of gift presence and copulation duration on egg-hatching success in matings with uninterrupted copulations with gift-giving males. We show that females mated to gift-giving males stored more sperm and experienced 17% higher egg-hatching success, compared with those mated to no-gift males, despite matched copulation durations. Uninterrupted copulations resulted in both increased sperm storage and egg-hatching success. Our study confirms the prediction that the nuptial gift as a male signal is under positive sexual selection by females through cryptic sperm storage. In addition, the gift facilitates longer copulations and increased sperm transfer providing two different types of advantage to gift-giving in males.
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Sarbanes, Janet. "The Shaker “Gift” Economy: Charisma, Aesthetic Practice and Utopian Communalism." Utopian Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20719932.
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Abstract This article considers the Shakers' vibrant, expressive culture, which they referred to as “gifts” ("the gift of song,” “the dancing gift,” “the whirling gift,” and so on), as the source and sustenance of their charismatic communalism. Drawing on Max Weber's discussion of charisma and institution, and Marcel Mauss's famous description of the “gift economy,” I argue that Shaker society harbored a deep flexibility towards and admiration for creativity that allowed charismatic relations to co-exist alongside a strict top-down organization, and indeed, to take precedence at moments when the reinvigoration of social bonds was of crucial importance to the sect's continuance
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Sarbanes, Janet. "The Shaker “Gift” Economy: Charisma, Aesthetic Practice and Utopian Communalism." Utopian Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.20.1.0121.
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Abstract This article considers the Shakers' vibrant, expressive culture, which they referred to as “gifts” ("the gift of song,” “the dancing gift,” “the whirling gift,” and so on), as the source and sustenance of their charismatic communalism. Drawing on Max Weber's discussion of charisma and institution, and Marcel Mauss's famous description of the “gift economy,” I argue that Shaker society harbored a deep flexibility towards and admiration for creativity that allowed charismatic relations to co-exist alongside a strict top-down organization, and indeed, to take precedence at moments when the reinvigoration of social bonds was of crucial importance to the sect's continuance
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Kukharyk, Viktoria. "Business Gift Giving Etiquette Features in Different Countries." Modern Economics 33, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v33(2022)-06.
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Abstract. Introduction. The present article deals with the gift giving etiquette in different countries. It is noted that mutual communication is becoming an increasingly universal phenomenon for people of different cultural backgrounds. A substantiated opinion is that business partners typically give gifts to show appreciation, respect, express best wishes or congratulations, and show goodwill to continue working together and maintain relationships. It is noted that business etiquette plays a crucial role in the smooth development of international business. It has been established that the gifts exchange has a long history and since ancient times high foreign guests have always arrived in another country with gifts. Purpose. The purpose of this research is a comprehensive investigation of the business gifts giving etiquette in different countries, identifying and studying the key common and distinctive features of this process. Results. It is especially difficult to communicate effectively with business partners of different cultures. Hence, it is necessary to study not only the issues to be discussed in business meeting with foreign business partners, but also business ethics of the relevant country. An effective way to improve the relationship between business partners is a gift giving. This prosess can express different types of emotions and reduce mutual misunderstandings or conflicts, mutual emotional distance and strengthen relationships between business partners. And vice versa, the wrong gift can lead to the contract ending. Under those circumstances, it is important for the gift sender to respect the culture of business partners, to understand the customs of the country. Conclusions. Therefore, the gift-giving etiquette is closely linked to different social customs, historical traditions, religious beliefs and lifestyles of different countries. At the end, the comparing of gift-giving different aspects between countries will help to understand the different cultural values, and hence to ensure an effective mutual communication between different nations.
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Pusaksrikit, Theeranuch, and Sydney Chinchanachokchai. "Cultural differences in gift recipients’ attitude and behavior toward disliked gifts." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 5 (August 11, 2021): 576–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-07-2019-3308.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of cultural differences and the types of relationship closeness involved in recipients’ emotional and behavioral reactions after receiving disliked gifts. Design/methodology/approach Collecting data from Thailand and the USA, two experiments were conducted in a 2 (self-construal: independent/interdependent) × 2 (relationship closeness: close/distant) between-subjects design. Study 1 explores the recipients’ feelings and reactions upon receipt of a disliked gift. Study 2 explores the disposition process for a disliked gift. Findings The results show that a recipient’s emotions, reaction and disposition process can be affected by cultural differences and relationship closeness: specifically that close and distant relationships moderate the relationship between self-construal and gift-receiving attitudes and behaviors. Research limitations/implications Future research can investigate representative groups from other countries to broaden the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications This understanding can guide gift-givers when selecting gifts for close or distant recipients across cultures. Additionally, it can help retailers develop and introduce new marketing strategies by applying self-construal as a marketing segmentation tool for gift purchase and disposition. Originality/value This research is among the first studies to offer insights into how individuals in different cultures manage disliked gifts they receive from people in either close or distant relationships.
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Elder-Vass, Dave. "Defining the gift." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413741900033x.
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AbstractEconomics has tended to neglect giving, and thus both its important contemporary economic role and its potential contribution to alternative, non-market systems. To remedy this, it will need to draw on the broad debates on the nature of the gift that have developed in and across the other social sciences. This paper addresses several of these by asking how we should define the terms gift and giving. It rejects definitional associations of giving with obligation, reciprocity and the development of social relationships. Such definitions exclude many phenomena commonly understood as giving and underpin misguided attempts to analyse gifts in contemporary late-modern societies in terms derived from anthropological discussions of very different societies. Instead, the paper develops a definition of the gift based on contemporary giving institutions. A more open, contemporary definition of the gift helps to sensitise us to the continuing importance of gift institutions in social and economic life.
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Bello, Akeem Olajide. "Gift-Giving, Anti-Bribery Laws and the Nigerian Constitution: Matters Arising." Journal of African Law 58, no. 2 (August 27, 2014): 278–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855314000102.
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AbstractThis article examines the culture of gift-giving against the background of anti-bribery laws, which preclude gift-giving in certain contexts, and the Code of Conduct for Public Officers which allows gift-giving in other contexts. It identifies what is wrong with bribery and uses this to distinguish between bribery and socio-cultural gift-giving practices in Nigeria. The author argues that the boundary between acceptable gift-giving and bribery is crossed whenever a gift induces or is intended to induce the recipient to perform a relevant function in breach of the expectation to act impartially, in good faith or in a manner that amounts to a betrayal of trust. The article finds that the Code of Conduct for Public Officers, which allows public officers to receive gifts from relatives and personal friends on occasions recognized by custom, dilutes the constitutional objective to eradicate corruption and recommends their removal.