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Academic literature on the topic 'Gibbstie'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gibbstie"

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Gan, Bee K., Ian C. Madsen, and James G. Hockridge. "In situX-ray diffraction of the transformation of gibbsite to α-alumina through calcination: effect of particle size and heating rate." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 4 (June 30, 2009): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809021232.

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A study was conducted on the gibbsite to α-alumina (α-Al2O3) transformation dynamics with particular reference to the influence of particle size and heating rate. Coarse- and fine-grained gibbsites were used to examine the transformation paths for the two materials, with particular reference to the upper and lower branch sequences described by Wefers & Misra [Oxides and Hydroxides of Aluminium, (1987), Alcoa Technical Paper No. 19 Revised, Aluminium Company of America]. The main techniques used to assess gibbsite calcination were thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry andin situX-ray diffraction, which provided complementary information on transformation behaviour. Whilst the quantitative phase analysis results indicated that the coarse- and fine-grained gibbsites followed both the upper and the lower branch sequences, detailed analysis of the results highlighted specific differences in the transformation behaviour for the two materials. With the loss of three molecules of water as gibbsite transformed to transition aluminas and finally α-Al2O3, there was a high degree of disorder in the crystal structure, resulting in broad and diffuse reflections in the diffraction patterns.
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Chandran, P., S. K. Ray, T. Bhattacharyya, P. Srivastava, P. Krishnan, and D. K. Pal. "Lateritic soils of Kerala, India: their mineralogy, genesis, and taxonomy." Soil Research 43, no. 7 (2005): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04128.

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In this study, we report the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of 4 benchmark Ultisols of Kerala to elucidate their genesis and taxonomy. The taxonomic rationale of the mineralogy class of Ultisols and other highly weathered soils on the basis of the contemporary pedogenesis is also explained. The Ultisols of Kerala have low pH, low cation exchange capacity, low effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation, with dominant presence of 1 : 1 clays and gibbsite. Presence of gibbsite along with 2 : 1 minerals discounts the hypothesis of anti-gibbsite effect. Since the kaolins are interstratified with hydroxy-interlayered vermiculites (HIV), the formation of gibbsite from kaolinite is not tenable. Thus, gibbsite is formed from primary minerals in an earlier alkaline pedo-environment. Therefore, the presence of gibbsite does not necessarily indicate an advanced stage of weathering. On the basis of a dominant amount of gibbsite, a mineralogy class such as allitic or gibbsitic does not establish a legacy between the contemporary pedogenesis and the mineralogy. The dominance of kaolin–HIV in the fine clays of Ultisols and their persistence, possibly since early Tertiary, suggests that ‘steady state’ may exist in soils developed on long-term weathered saprolite. Since the present acid environment of Ultisols does not allow desilication, the chemical transformation of Ultisols to Oxisols with time is difficult to reconcile as envisaged in the traditional model of tropical soil genesis.
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Vendrame, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Osmar Rodrigues Brito, Maria de Fátima Guimarães, and Thierry Becquer. "Relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 996–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800031.

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The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture. Twelve collection points were chosen in the Distrito Federal and in Formosa municipality, Goiás state, Brazil, representing four soil groups with varied levels of calcium + magnesium and kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratios. Soil macrofauna was collected in triplicate at each collection point, and identified at the level of taxonomic groups. Macrofauna density showed correlation with contents of kaolinite, gibbsite and exchangeable Ca + Mg in the soils. Mineralogy and exchangeable Ca + Mg had significant effects on taxonomic groups and relative density of soil macrofauna. The termites (Isoptera) were more abundant in soils with low exchangeable Ca + Mg; earthworms (Oligochaeta), in soils with high levels of kaolinite; and Hemiptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in gibbsitic soils with higher contents of total carbon.
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Bonato, J. A., and R. J. Morrison. "Weathering, bauxitisation and soil genesis from the Nakobalevu Basalt, South-East Viti Levu, Fiji." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12001.

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The augite-olivine flows (5.3 Ma) capping Mount Nakobalevu, a few kilometres north-west of Suva, Fiji, have been subjected to rapid and deep weathering. The Nakobalevu K1 and K2 weathering profiles (at approximately 454 m altitude) show features of strong bauxitisation, and the attributes of a 'classical' lateritic profile. Aluminium and iron enrichment in the 2-3 m depth layers of the Nakobalevu weathering profiles is marked, with the presence of abundant gibbsite (as gravels and nodules, and in the silt and clay-sized fractions), goethite, kaolinite, haematite and magnetite (grains); the presence of fragmented (goethitic and gibbsitic) crustal materials in each of the studied horizons, and the distribution pattern of the Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SiO2, would infer the occurrence of several erosion and weathering cycles, some of which would have evolved under drier climatic regimes. Using Soil Taxonomy, the Nakobalevu Pedon (JBK-1) is a Typic Kandihumult, clayey, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic, which does not give any indication of the gibbsitic materials present.
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Carducci, Carla Eloize, Geraldo César de Oliveira, Walmes Marques Zeviani, Henrique Aparecido Laureano, Samara Martins Barbosa, Eduardo da Costa Severiano, and Nilton Curi. "Preconsolidation stress of gibbsitic and kaolinitic Oxisols under a multipractice conservationist coffee system." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 1049–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1049.

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Our goal was to analyze the impact of a multipractice soil conservationist system on coffee production in tropical soils (LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO caulinítico/kaolinitic Haplustox and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-gibbsítico/gibbsitic Acrustox) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the experimental area, the soil management involved a set of multiple conservationist practices during cultivation for more than 3.5 yrs. Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 10-15, and 20-25 cm depths at two positions: planting rows and between rows. The soil physical and mechanical properties were determined, with a focus mainly on the preconsolidation stress model (preconsolidation stress versus matric tension). For the purpose of analysis, a split-split plot experimental design was implemented. A linear mixed regression model (LMR) was fitted, and Wald’s test was performed (P < 0.05). An improvement of soil physical quality for both Oxisols was observed at the planting row position. The effects of multipractice soil management after 3.5 yrs of cultivation in association with increased gibbsite content could promote new soil structure organization, as revealed by LMR, resulting in more resilient soils (between rows) and increasing the resistance to external pressures on gibbsitic Acrustox. Overall, the findings herein are in concordance with global trends towards conservationist practices that may alleviate soil compaction in agricultural systems to maintain environmental sustainability.
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O'Connor, B. H., D. Y. Li, and H. Sitepu. "Texture Characterisation in X-Ray Powder Diffraction using the March Formula." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008922.

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AbstractTexture, i.e. preferred orientation (PO), of crystallites can cause serious systematic errors in quantitative analysis of crystalline materials using x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. The singleparameter model of March (1932), proposed by Dollase (1986) for use in powder diffractometry is a promising mathematical formalism for correcting PO in XRPD analysis of uniaxially-oriented specimens. O'Connor et al. (1991) successfully applied the March formula in applying preferred orientation corrections for gibbsites, Al(OH)3, using Rietveld pattern-fitting and a line ratio method in which corrections are determined according to the intensity ratios of selected lines. The paper gives an appraisal of the general applicability of the methods considered by Li and O'Connor with particular reference to powder diffraction data for gibbsite, molybdite (MoO3), calcite (CaCO3) and kaolinite specimens. It is shown that some caution should be exercised when using the March formula to describe PO in Rietveld analysis.
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Kew, G. A., and R. J. Gilkes. "Properties of regolith beneath lateritic bauxite in the Darling Range of south Western Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06128.

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A morphological key has been developed for regolith that is exposed during mining of lateritic bauxite in the Darling Range of south Western Australia. The key distinguishes materials with different mineralogical and chemical properties. Iron oxide cemented (Zh) regolith has a gibbsitic matrix, quartz-rich (Zm) regolith has a gibbsite and kaolin matrix, and clay-rich (Zp) regolith has a kaolin matrix. An Si affinity element map (Si, Hf, Th) and a K affinity element group (K, Ba, Rb) are associated with granitic quartz-rich regolith and an Al/Fe element affinity group (Al, Fe, Ti, P, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ga, Cr, V) is associated with clay and iron rich regolith. Doleritic regolith is generally associated with the Al/Fe affinity group. Although granite and granitic regolith exhibit similar element affinity groups, the abundance of elements within each is highly variable, which reflects the diversity in composition of granite within the region. The degree of euhedral character of clay-size platy crystals (kaolinite/gibbsite) does not differ for materials distinguished by the key, as both quartz-rich (Zm) and clay-rich (Zp) regolith and both granitic and doleritic saprolite contain subhedral kaolin crystals. The crystal size of platy kaolin (approximately 0.5 µm) is similar for different mine pits and for different regolith materials (Zm and Zp) within mine pits. There is a difference in halloysite tube length (0.52–1.18 µm) between mine pits, which may be related to the presence of weathered mica or to the alteration of halloysite in gibbsite-rich regolith. The internal and external diameters of halloysite tubes (about 0.11 and 0.24 µm) are similar for different mine pits and different regolith types within mine pits. The resin used during thin section preparation contains chlorine, so that determination of chlorine by EMPA provides a measure of the porosity of regolith material. A systematic negative relationship exists between chlorine concentration and total oxide weight % of porous regolith matrix determined by EMPA; both measurements provide an indication of the porosity of the clay matrix in regolith.
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YANG, Hui-bin, Xiao-lin PAN, Hai-yan YU, Gan-feng TU, and Jun-min SUN. "Dissolution kinetics and mechanism of gibbsitic bauxite and pure gibbsite in sodium hydroxide solution under atmospheric pressure." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 25, no. 12 (December 2015): 4151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(15)64065-1.

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Bhattacharyya, T., D. K. Pal, and P. Srivastava. "Formation of gibbsite in the presence of 2:1 minerals: an example from Ultisols of northeast India." Clay Minerals 35, no. 5 (December 2000): 827–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985500547269.

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AbstractThere are two different views regarding the genesis of gibbsite in tropical acid soils: (1) direct weathering of primary Al-silicate minerals; and (2) transformation through clay mineral intermediates. We investigated the genesis of gibbsite in two representative Ultisols from northeastern India. Gibbsite in these Ultisols appears to be the remnant of earlier weathering products of aluminosilicate minerals formed in a neutral to alkaline pedochemical environment. The mere presence of gibbsite in these soils, therefore, does not indicate their advanced stage of weathering. The formation of typically rod-shaped and well-crystallized gibbsite in both the coarse and fine soil fractions in the presence of large amounts of 2:1 minerals indicates that the anti-gibbsite hypothesis may not be tenable in these tropical acid soils. A schematic model for the formation of gibbsite and kaolin in Ultisols is proposed.
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Clemente, Celso Augusto, and Antonio Carlos de Azevedo. "Mineral weathering in acid saprolites from subtropical, southern Brazil." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 6 (December 2007): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000600007.

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Because weathering of minerals releases chemical elements into the biogeochemical cycle, characterization of their weathering products helps to better model groundwater quality, formation of secondary minerals and nutrient flux through the trophic chain. Based on microscopic and elemental analyses, weathering of riodacite from Serra Geral formation was characterized and weathering paths proposed. Three weathering paths of plagioclase phenocrystals were identified: plagioclase to gibbsite (Pg1); plagioclase to gels and gibbsite (Pg2); and plagioclase to gels, gibbsite and kaolinite (Pg3). Pyroxenes weathered to smectite and goethite (Py1), or to goethite and gibbsite (Py2), and magnetite weathered directly into iron oxides. Rock matrix comprises 90% of rock volume, and weathered to kaolinite and gibbsite, which explains why these minerals were the most abundant in the weathering products of these saprolites.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gibbstie"

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Gückel, Katharina. "Structural analysis of ternary actinyl(V/VI) sorption complexes on gibbsite." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-126300.

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For the safety assessment of high-level nuclear waste repositories, it is mandatory to know the transportation paths of contaminants, e.g. actinyl ions, in the geological barrier. The most attention needs to be focused on the transport in aquifers, because water contamination, depending on retention and migration processes of radionuclides in the geosphere, is of primary environmental concern. The migration behavior of actinides in ground water is mainly controlled by aquatic speciations and sorption processes at water-mineral interfaces. Hence, the investigation of complexspecies in aqueous solutions and at mineral surfaces becomes essential for the safety assessment in the near and far field of nuclear repositories. For deep ground repositories, clay and clay minerals are considered as possible host rocks, because they show a low permeability and are expected to have a high retention capacity towards actinyl ions. But the complexity of naturally occurring minerals in particular their surface often hampers the unequivocal interpretation of results obtained from sorption experiments. The use of model phases only showing one particular functional group at the surfaces with a well defined surface topology is an appropriate approach for the understanding of the basic sorption processes. Aluminum oxide and hydroxides are of special interest because they represent main components in clays and clay minerals. In particular, gibbsite is widely used as a model system because it represents not only the most common crystalline aluminum hydroxide but also a ubiquitous weathering product of alumosilicates. Furthermore, the elemental structural unit of gibbsite, that is the Al(OH)6 octahedron, occurs ubiquitously as part of the structure of common clay minerals like kaolinite. In the present study, the sorption processes of U(VI) and Np(V) on gibbsite were studied under consideration of the aqueous speciation.
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Silva, Wellington Barbosa da. "Caracterização da cobertura superficial em encosta na Bacia do Rio das Pombas, Guarapuava - PR: bases para entendimento da gênese erosiva em túneis." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/119.

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On the Guarapuava Plateau/Palmas, in a low slope hillside of superficial covering from basaltic origins, on the right bank of the Rio das Pombas, Paraná state, processes of tunnel erosion (pipes) were identified. These are subsuperficial erosion processes with typical features, such as subsidence of the tunnel roof and rebate structures, which tend to evolve to superficial features. The emerging of this erosive process depends on a set of factors, being the main one, the properties of the superficial covering, such as: texture, macroporosity, granulometric composition (chemical matter make-up), density, porosity e chemical elements that make up the matter, those concerning the hydrological conditions and the topography of the hillside. In order to recognize and characterize the superficial covering in the sector of low hillside, sieve analysis was used, as well as real and apparent density, total porosity verified; toposequences were made and X-ray scattering techniques performed. The results showed that the matter which covers the low hillside sector, where the tunnels are, have a sandy texture due to the properties of microagregation generated by clay mineral, gibbsite; leaving the matter with a high porosity level, thus favoring the flowing of water through subsurfaces. The generated flows tend to be exfiltrated to a ditch wall-like surface, which causes the removal of small particles of matter (seepage). With the opening of small gullies through subsurface, the flow tend to become concentrated (tunnel scour) and consequently enlarge the subsuperficial channels by the mechanical action of the water. In a sequence of factors that can be used for the analysis of the process generation, which causes: alteration in basalt rocks, microaggregation of the matter, macroporosity and increase of water flow through subsurface. Therefore, the hydrology conditions in the hillside contributed for erosion mechanisms to emerge in subsurface, development of erosion process, formation of subsuperficial erosion and, ultimately, superficial erosion process development. These both chemical and physical features found in such field of study, show that the superficial covering is a determining factor for the subsuperficial tunnel erosion to originate in the hillside.
No Planalto de Guarapuava/Palmas, em encosta de baixa declividade e cobertura superficial de origem basáltica, à margem direita do Rio das Pombas em Guarapuava (Paraná), foram identificados processos de erosão em túneis (pipes). Trata-se de processos subsuperficiais de erosão que apresentam feições típicas, tais como, subsidência do teto do túnel e estruturas de abatimento, que tendem a evoluir para feições superficiais. A instalação desse processo erosivo depende de um conjunto de fatores, destacando-se como condicionantes, as propriedades da cobertura superficial como: textura, macroporosidade, composição granulométrica, densidade, porosidade e constituintes químicos dos materiais, e aqueles relativos às condições hidrológicas e à topografia da encosta. Buscando-se reconhecer e caracterizar a cobertura superficial do setor de baixa encosta, foram realizadas análises granulométricas, de densidade aparente, real e porosidade total, construção de topossequências e análises químicas de difração de raios-X. Os resultados indicaram que o material que recobre o setor de baixa encosta, onde aparecem os túneis, apresenta textura arenosa devido às propriedades de microagregação gerada pelo argilomineral gibbsita, deixando o material com porosidade alta, favorecendo assim a circulação de água em subsuperficie. Os fluxos gerados tendem a ser exfiltrados para uma superfície de exposição, o que provoca a remoção de pequenas partículas de material (seepage). Com a abertura de pequenos canais em subsuperfície, os fluxos tendem a se concentrar (tunnel scour) e consequentemente ampliar os canais subsuperficiais pela ação mecânica da água. Numa sequência de fatores que possam ser postos para análise da geração do processo, têm-se: alteração da rocha basáltica, microagregação do material, macroporosidade e aumento da circulação de água em subsuperfície. Assume-se que as condições hidrológicas da encosta propiciaram a instalação de mecanismos de erosão em subsuperfície, evolução do processo erosivo, formação de feições erosivas subsuperficiais e, por fim, instalação de feições erosivas superficiais. Essas características físicas e químicas encontradas na área de estudo, demonstram que a cobertura superficial é determinante para a instalação da erosão subsuperficial em túneis na encosta.
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Fleming, Sean D. "Computer modelling of gibbsite crystallization." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Chemistry, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10273.

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This thesis documents the development and application of a computer model for gibbsite, an aluminium tri-hydroxide polymorph. In particular, the work has emphasized the idea of computer modelling techniques combining with ex- observations to provide greater insight than either could separately. Chapter One provides an overview and introduction to the fields of solid state chemistry, crystallization and computer modelling. These ideas are extended in Chapter Two to include a more detailed discussion of the theoretical principles behind the modelling in this project. The development of transferable oxalate and hydroxide potential models, intended primarily for sodium oxalate and gibbsite, is described in Chapter Three. Both ab initio hypersurface fitting and lattice fitting techniques were utilized, with an average structural fitting error of under two percent. In addition, the potentials were used to successfully reproduce several (related) crystal structures, thus establishing the quality of the model. In Chapter Four, the model for gibbsite was employed in generating equilibrium and growth morphologies. The equilibrium morphology was found to give excellent agreement with experiment, with all observed faces present. However, the importance of the prismatic planes is underestimated. Also discussed in the chapter is a method for predicting the phenomenon of crystalline twinning. This technique was successfully applied to a number of systems, including gibbsite and sodium oxalate. In Chapter Five, the equilibrium morphology calculations performed earlier were extended by probing the effects of cation incorporation on the habit of gibbsite. This study was conducted in order to provide a first step in estimating the role of the crystallizing solution. Calculations of the change in surface energy caused by the replacement of a surface proton with a cation from solution ++
were made. Different crystal habits were constructed by applying a range of defect surface coverage values to each of the faces appearing in the morphology. The resulting defect morphologies were in excellent agreement with crystal habits commonly observed by experimentalists. Also, the work provided an explanation for the earlier underestimation of the prismatic faces. Chapter Six documents molecular simulations of solutions containing the major species known to be present in industrial and experimental Bayer liquors. The structuring in two solutions, one containing sodium hydroxide and the other potassium hydroxide, was probed by constructing graphs of the radial distribution functions. These plots indicated that a significant degree of ion pairing was occurring between the alkali metal cations (Na+ and K+) and the aluminate monomer ([Al(OH)4(subscript)]-). Furthermore, these cations were found to be acting as 'bridges' which stabilize multiple aluminate monomers, allowing them to form clusters. This data was used to assist in explaining vibrational spectra, and to postulate that clustering may be the origin of the fine particle suspensions noted during the induction period.
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Barbieri, Diogo Mazza [UNESP]. "Formas do relevo e variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos e mineralógicos de um argissolo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96884.

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A agricultura de precisão implica a análise da variabilidade espacial dos fatores de produção e a aplicação dos insumos de forma localizada e em doses precisas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do relevo na variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos e mineralógicos para aplicação de insumos em taxa variável. Duas parcelas de um hectare foram delimitadas em área côncava e convexa. Foram retiradas 121 amostras em cada área. Os teores de P disponível apresentaram-se diferenciados nas duas áreas estudadas, sendo que os menores valores médios de P se encontram na área convexa na qual estão presentes os maiores teores de gibsita. A formação dos minerais da fração argila é condicionada pelas variações do relevo, sendo que a área convexa apresentou ambiente mais favorável à formação da gibsita do que a área côncava, demonstrando que o relevo pode ser utilizado para a definição de limites de área mais homogênea. A gibsita foi o fator determinante para a maior capacidade de adsorção máxima de P e a menor disponibilidade de fósforo na área convexa. O uso da técnica de geoestatística possibilitou a precisa descrição das propriedades do solo.
Precision agriculture implies on the analysis of the spatial variability of the production factors and the application of inputs in a localized way and on precise doses. The present work aimed to analyze the influence of the relief on the spatial variability of the chemical and mineralogical attributes for the application of inputs in variable rates. Two parcels of one hectare were bounded in concave and convex area. 121 samples were taken from each area. The levels of available P have shown to be different on the two studied areas, being the lowest mean values of P on the convex area, where the highest levels of gibbsite are present. The formation of the minerals from the clay fraction is conditioned by the relief variations, being that the convex area has presented a more favorable environment for the formation of gibbsite than the concave area, showing that relief may be used for the definition of limits in more homogenous areas. Gibbsite was the determinant factor for the higher capacity of P maximum adsorption and lower availability of phosphorous on the convex area. The use of the geostatistics technique has made possible the precise description of the soil properties.
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Mitchell, Scott Christian. "An Improved MUSIC Model for Gibbsite." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd831.pdf.

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Camargo, Livia Arantes [UNESP]. "Mineralogia da argila e atributos físicos de um argissolo em curvaturas de relevo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96979.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os atributos mineralógicos e físicos possuem dependência espacial e a distribuição espacial destes atributos possui relação com as formas do relevo. O objeto deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos mineralógicos da fração argila e os atributos físicos de um argissolo em curvaturas do relevo, assim como avaliar a correlação entre esses atributos. Uma malha de dimensão 100 x 100 m foi delimitada em uma área caracterizada pela forma convexa e outra pela fôrma côncava. As malhas possuem espaçamento regular de 10 x 10 m e os pontos de cruzamento deste espaçamento determinaram os pontos de coleta das amostras, num total de 121 pontos amostrais georreferenciados em cada malha. Os atributos físicos foram avaliados nas profundidades 0,0- 0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m e os atributos mineralógicos na profundidade 0,0- 0,2 m. Os atributos físicos analisados foram diâmetro médio ponderado, diâmetro médio geométrico, agregados maiores que 2 mm, agregados entre 2 e 1 mm , agregados menores que 1 mm, microporos, macroporos, volume total de poros, densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração e teor de água no solo, já os atributos mineralógicos da fração argila foram largura a meia altura, diâmetro médio do cristal dos óxidos de ferro, da caulinita e gibbsita, substituição isomórfica e área de superfície específica da hematita e goethita. Os teores da goethita e hematita e razão goethita/(goethita+hematita) e razão caulinita/(caulinita+gibbsita) também foram calculados. Os dados foram submetidos às análises estatísticas e geoestatísticas para avaliação da variabilidade espacial e influência das curvaturas nestes atributos. Para avaliação da relação entre os atributos da mineralogia e físicos realizaram-se as análises de correlação simples e espacial. Os atributos físicos e mineralógicos apresentaram-se dependentes das curvaturas do relevo...
The mineralogicals and physical attributes have spatial dependence and the distribution of these attributes has relation with the forms of relief. The object of this study was to evaluate the attributes of clay mineralogy and the physical attributes of an argissol in curvatures of relief, as well as assess the correlation between these attributes. A grid size of 100 x 100 meters was defined in an area characterized by the convex shape and another in an area characterized by the concave shape. The grids have regular spacing of 10 x 10 m and the spacing of the points of intersection determine the points of collection of samples, a total of 121 georeferenced sample points in each grid. The physical attributes were evaluated in depth from 0.0 - 0.2 and 0.2 -0.4 m and the mineralogical attributes in depth 0,00-0,20 m. The physical attributes were analyzed: mean weight diameter, mean geometric diameter, aggregates larger than 2 mm, aggregates between 2 and 1 mm, aggregates smaller than 1 mm, microporosity, macroporosity, total porosity, bulk density, penetration resistance and water content in soil. The attributes of minerals were: width at half height, average diameter of crystals of iron oxides and kaolinite and gibbsite and isomorphic substitution and specific surface area of hematite and goethite. The contents of goethite and hematite and ratio goethite / (goethite + hematite) [Gt / (Gt + Hm)] and ratio kaolinite / (kaolinite + gibbsite) [Ct / (Ct + Gb)] were also calculated. Data were subjected to statistical and geostatistical analysis to evaluate the spatial variability and influence of these curvatures on these attributes. To assess the relation between mineralogy and physical attributes simple and spation correlation analysis where made. The physical and mineralogical attributes and depend on the curvature of the relief. There was also the influence of crystallinity of goethite and gibbsite in soil physical.
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7

Chiang, Yu-Lun. "Antisolvent gibbsite crystallisation from synthetic Bayer liquor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8927.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-49).
The current Bayer precipitation of gibbsite is notoriously slow and is considered to be the rate limiting step of the Bayer process. The present industrial reactor configuration involves precipitating gibbsite inside a series of large stainless steel agitated vessels due to the slow precipitation kinetics of gibbsite from pregnant Bayer liquor. The scope of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using water as an antisolvent to increase the overall gibbsite yield and the associated particle behaviours under isothermal conditions. The experiments were performed in a series of batch experiments which were divided into two subsets. Firstly, the effect of different caustic concentrations present in the anti solvent on gibbsite yield was tested. Secondly, the effect of different seed loading (50 and 100 grams seeds per liter of synthetic liquor) on aggregation and fines formation were investigated. All batch experiments were conducted isothermally at 80°C under a closed system using a baffled stainless steel 316 agitated vessel. The experimental results indicated water to be a feasible medium for the isothermal antisolvent crystallisation of gibbsite from synthetic pregnant Bayer liquor. It was found that the extent of overall gibbsite yield exhibits a power law correlation to the change in the antisolvent caustic concentration with R2 ～1 (R2 = 0.99974). This finding is important as the regressed curve will be used to correlate gibbsite yield as a function of anti solvent purity. From the seed loading experiments, an Increase In seed loading under constant temperature and initial liquor supersaturation resulted in an overall decrease in product particle size due to a rise in inter-particulate attrition. However, crystal growth was not dominant during any period of the experiments with aggregation being more prominent for the system with the lower seed load. Gibbsite morphology determination from SEM revealed hexagonal solids which, in the presence of a higher seed loading indicated signs of fracture due to attrition. Quantitative evidence of this mechanism is shown USIng the discretised population balance method by Bramley et al. (1996) with the aid of the computational technique developed by Hounslow (2005) in Mathematica. Results generated using this method show decreasing aggregation with liquor de supersaturation and increased seed loading. The overall particle behaviours from the current investigation are validated by results obtained from previous gibbsite studies under very similar conditions. Although the gibbsite yield can be increased drastically in the presence of an anti solvent, the average particle size generated from this study is still too small to be commercially feasible due to the increase in initial supersaturation. Thus it is recommended that further particle size optimisation may be conducted inside a fluidised bed reactor where particles generally experience lower shear than inside a conventional agitated vessel.
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8

Plagnieux, Virginie. "Influence des conditions d'agglomération sur la morphologie de la gibbsite et les propriétés d'usage de l'alumine." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL088N.

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L'@amélioration de la solidité de l'alumine utilisée pour la production d'aluminium et la réductionde la génération de particules fines qui résulte des chocs lors de la calcination et des transports sont des points essentiels pour les producteurs des usines Bayer. Le but de cette étude est de montrer les liens qui existent entre les conditions opératoires de précipitation de la gibbsite et sa morphologie, et de vérifier leur impact sur la solidité de l'alumine. Des analyses sur produits industriels et sur produits élaborés en laboratoire ont été effectuées. Nous avons focalisé notre attention sur le rôle de l'étape d'agglomération. La procédure expérimentale a été choisie pour respecter au mieux les conditions industrielles. La morphologie des cristaux de gibbsite a été quantifiée en utilisant trois modes de visualisation (microscope optique avec des liquides d'immersion, microscope électronique à balayage sur poudre et sur section polie) et un ensemble de paramètres de forme. Cinq paramètres de forme ont été utilisés pour décrire la forme bidimensionnelle des cristaux du point de vue de leur rugosité, de leur allongement et de leur tortuosité. L’analyse en composantes principales a permis de synthétiser l'information pour une meilleure précision des résultats et une interprétation plus fine. Le microscope électronique à balayage permet de visualiser les facettes des cristaux. Des paramètres pseudo-tridimensionnels ont été calculés pour décrire le réseau de facettes. Sur section polie, le contour des cristaux est bien défini et permet de calculer des tàilles de côtés assimilées aux tailles des facettes. La solidité de l'alumine a été évaluée à l'aide d'un lit fluidisé standardisé et de deux indices. !. . :indice d'attrition mesure la proportion de particules de taille inférieure à 45 ~m créées lors du test. !. . :indice de brisure quantifie l'évolution globale de la distribution de taille après le passage en lit fluidisé
The@improvement of the solidity of alumina which is produced for aluminium refinery and the reduction of fine particles generation which result of shocks during calcination and transport are essential points for the Bayer producers. The aim of this study is to link the gibbsite precipitation conditions to the morphology of the crystals and to verity their impact on alumina solidity. Analysis on industrial and lab-made products was done. We have focused our attention on the role of the agglomeration step. The experimental procedure was chosen to be as close as possible to the industrial process. Gibbsite morphology was quantified by using three visualization methods (optical microscopy with different immersion liquids, scanning electron microscopy on free powder and on polished section) and a setof different shape parameters. Five shape parameters quantify the two-dimensional shape of the crystals from the point of view of their roughness, elongation and concavity. Principal component analysis have enabled an information simplification for a better precision of the results and a better interpretation. The scanning electron microscope on free powder enables the tacet network visualization. Pseudo three dimensional parameters were calculated to describe the tacet network. On polished section, the crystal frames are weil defined and enable the sizing of the crystal sides related to the tacet sides. Alumina solidity was evaluated with a standardized fluidized bed and two indices. The attrition index quantifies the proportion of particles of size less than 45 1-1m which have been created du ring the test. The breakage index quantifies the evolution of the size distribution after the test
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9

Siebentritt, Matthieu. "Étude de l'entartrage par la gibbsite influence d'un substituant halogéné sur l'adsorption de l'alcool benzylique sur l'acier et la gibbsite." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4886.

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Le procédé Bayer est la première des deux étapes majeures dans la production de l'aluminium. Il permet la cristallisation sous forme de gibbsite ([alpha]-Al(OH)[indice inférieur 3]) des oxydes et hydroxydes d'aluminium contenus dans la bauxite. Ce procédé, mis au point en 1888, a lieu en milieu alcalin, puisque la bauxite est dissoute jusqu'à sursaturation dans une solution d'hydroxyde de sodium concentrée pour donner ce qui est communément appelé la"liqueur Bayer". Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire font partie d'une étude importante menée par de nombreux membres de l'équipe de recherche du laboratoire. Lors de la phase de refroidissement de la liqueur Bayer, un phénomène d'entartrage apparaît dans les échangeurs de chaleur du fait de la sursaturation en gibbsite. Ce phénomène d'entartrage occasionne alors d'importantes pertes, tant énergétiques qu'économiques, de par la diminution d'efficacité des appareillages. II faut alors procéder à différents traitements, physiques ou chimiques, pour éliminer le dépôt de tartre de gibbsite, ce qui entraîne également des coûts du fait du temps d'immobilisation des conduites concernées et des méthodes utilisées. L'une des voies explorées pour remédier à ce problème est l'adsorption de molécules organiques ou inorganiques pour empêcher, ou tout du moins ralentir la formation du tartre de gibbsite. L'adsorption des molécules utilisées sur les supports modèles a été étudiée par le biais d'une technique faisant appel à la chromatographie liquide. La mesure de constantes de Henry permet une comparaison des forces d'adsorption à faible concentration de molécules pouvant présenter un caractère inhibiteur face à la formation du tartre de gibbsite. Les matériaux utilisés sont l'acier et la gibbsite, afin de comprendre les phénomènes d'entartrage pouvant avoir lieu dans le procédé Bayer. Les molécules choisies possèdent toutes un cycle aromatique portant un groupement alcool et un halogénure en position ortho. Les mesures d'isothermes d'adsorption montrent une tendance de la force d'adsorption en fonction de la nature du substituant. Une étude comparative d'entartrage sur l'acier doux en présence ou en absence d'inhibiteurs a été menée, afin de mieux comprendre l'influence de ces molécules. De plus, des études de précipitation ont complété ces travaux afin de s'assurer que les molécules prévenant l'entartrage n'influencent pas de manière négative les rendements de précipitation de la gibbsite.
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10

Lee, Mei-yin. "The mechanism of gibbsite crystal growth in Bayer liquor." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Chemistry, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10719.

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Although the precipitation of aluminium trihydroxide as gibbsite, via the Bayer process has been widely studied, the mechanism of crystal growth is poorly understood. This work focus on the morphology of gibbsite and the relative growth rates of individual crystal faces.Initial work was carried out to characterize aluminium trihydroxide and it was found that bayerite, another polymorph, precipitated at temperatures below 50 [degrees] C and its morphology depended on the method of precipitation. Gibbsite however, precipitated above this temperature and its morphology depended on the type of alkali aluminate solutions used. The method of precipitation does not affect the morphology, only the size of the precipitate formed. The morphology of gibbsite can be altered by the addition of organic compounds which are known to inhibit gibbsite precipitation. Some of these compounds were found to selectively inhibit the growth of individual crystal faces, thus altering the overall morphology of gibbsite. Boehmite, a polymorph of aluminium hydroxide, can be produced by partial dehydration of gibbsite at 300T. The morphology of boehmite consisted of diamond shaped crystals.The influence of cation incorporation on the morphology of gibbsite was studied experimentally and computationally (molecular modelling). These studies showed that there is a linear relationship between the amount of cation incorporated and atomic radii and between the amount of cation incorporated and the defect energy calculated. The equilibrium morphology of gibbsite predicted in the absence of media matched the morphology of gibbsite grown slowly from sodium aluminate, implying that the amount of sodium incorporation is low in these crystals.The growth rates of individual crystal faces were measured in situ, and found to be a function of supersaturation squared for the prismatic faces, possibly indicating ++
that E growth occurs by spiral growth mechanism. The growth of the basal face was found to follow the spiral growth mechanism below a relative supersaturation of 0.815 and the birth and spread mechanism above this level. The activation energies and kinetic coefficients for the individual prismatic faces were also determined.Growth rate dispersion was observed in these microscopic studies, but the question of size dependency remains unanswered.The overall growth rates of gibbsite crystal, determined using rapid dynamic light scattering, was found to be an exponential function of supersaturation indicative of a birth and spread growth mechanism.
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Books on the topic "Gibbstie"

1

A, Dzombak David, ed. Surface complexation modeling: Gibbsite. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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Apps, J. A. Thermochemical properties of gibbsite, bayerite, boehmite, diaspore, and the aluminate ion between 0 and 350C. Washington, DC: Division of Waste Management, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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Reyhani, M. M. Investigations at the atomic level of interactions between gibbsite and sodium oxalate in the Bayer process. East Perth, WA: Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia, 2000.

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Dzombak, David A., and Athanasios K. Karamalidis. Surface Complexation Modeling: Gibbsite. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.

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Dzombak, David A., and Athanasios K. Karamalidis. Surface Complexation Modeling: Gibbsite. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Dzombak, David A., and Athanasios K. Karamalidis. Surface Complexation Modeling: Gibbsite. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gibbstie"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Gibbsite." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 340. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5493.

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Harato, T., T. Ishida, and K. Yamada. "Autoprecipitation of Gibbsite and Boehmite." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 141–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch18.

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Harato, T., T. Ishida, and K. Yamada. "Autoprecipitation of Gibbsite and Boehmite." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 141–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_18.

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Futia, A., H. M. Ang, and Dean Ilievski. "Yield Model of a Batch Gibbsite Precipitator." In Mixing and Crystallization, 215–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2290-2_19.

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Li, Tian, Dean Ilievski, and Iztok Livk. "Compartmental Modelling of an Aggregating Batch Gibbsite Precipitator." In Electrometallurgy and Environmental Hydrometallurgy, 1783–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804407.ch53.

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Zheng-gen, Liu, Chu Man-sheng, Tang Jue, Han Yuan-ting, and Wu Xiang-long. "Appropriate Reduction and Fe-Al Separation of High Iron Gibbsite." In Light Metals 2013, 223–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663189.ch39.

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Langa, J. M. "The Heat of Dissolution of Gibbsite at Bayer Digestion Temperatures." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 170–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_22.

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Zheng-gen, Liu, Chu Man-sheng, Tang Jue, Han Yuan-ting, and Wu Xiang-long. "Appropriate Reduction and Fe-Al Separation of High Iron Gibbsite." In Light Metals 2013, 223–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_39.

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Yamada, K., T. Harato, S. Hamano, and K. Horinouchi. "Dehydration Products of Gibbsite by Rotary Kiln and Stational Calciner." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 717–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch100.

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Langa, J. M. "The Heat of Dissolution of Gibbsite at Bayer Digestion Temperatures." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 170–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gibbstie"

1

Legg, Benjamin A., and James J. DeYoreo. "ENERGY LANDSCAPE FOR GIBBSITE NUCLEATION AT THE MICA-WATER INTERFACE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-341436.

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Lu, Yi, Xu Zhang, Yanfeng Gao, Xin Wang, Shuochao Fan, Yuan Chen, Yan Li, et al. "Characterization of Gibbsite Filler in HTV Silicone Rubber by Thermogravimetric Analysis." In 2019 IEEE 3rd International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cieec47146.2019.cieec-2019207.

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Lumetta, Gregg J., Brian M. Rapko, and Herman M. Cho. "Studies of the Fundamental Chemistry of Hanford Tank Sludges." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4633.

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The U.S. Department of Energy has embarked on an effort to retrieve, immobilize, and dispose of the 2.1 × 105 m3 of radioactive tank wastes that were generated during weapons production and other operations at the Hanford Site in Washington State. One of the major challenges associated with this effort is the processing of the 4.2 × 104 m3 of high-level waste sludges. These sludges consist of a complex mixture of amorphous and crystalline mineral phases. The current plan for processing the sludge solids consists of leaching with aqueous NaOH, washing out the NaOH and dissolved components, then vitrifying the solids in borosilicate glass. The purpose of the NaOH leaching step is to remove components such as Al, Cr, and P that can lead to the production of an unacceptable quantity of high-level waste glass. In this paper, we will discuss the chemistry underlying the leaching and washing processes, focusing on the specific mineral phases present in the sludge solids and how these phases respond to the leaching process. The chemical phases present in the Hanford tank sludge solids have been identified through microscopy coupled with electron diffraction and through powder X-ray diffraction. We have also recently been applying nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize chemical species in tank sludge solids. Numerous chemical species have been identified including the aluminum oxy/hydroxides gibbsite and boehmite, aluminosilicates, iron oxy/hydroxides, and mixed Cr/Fe oxyhydroxides. Identification of these phases has led to a more fundamental understanding of the behavior of the various sludge components during leaching; in turn, this understanding will allow for improved process flow sheets. For example, we have shown that certain tank sludges are high in boehmite, Υ-AIOOH. This mineral phase is much more refractory than other AI phases such as gibbsite. Thus, more severe leaching conditions (e.g., increased temperature, NaOH concentration, and leaching duration) are required to remove AI from wastes high in boehmite.
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Cortez, L. A., J. Marques Júnior, R. G. Peluco, G. T. Pareira, and L. A. Camargo. "Relações Espaciais entre Caulinita e Gibbsita e a Estabilidade dos Agregados de Latossolo." In I Simpósio de Geoestatística Aplicada em Ciências Agrárias. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil: FCA/UNESP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/i-sgea-a32.

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Sowards, Kimberly F., Stephen T. Nelson, Stephen T. Nelson, John McBride, John McBride, David Tingey, David Tingey, Kevin A. Rey, and Kevin A. Rey. "INVESTIGATING SMECTITE AS AN IMPORTANT INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT BETWEEN IGNEOUS MINEROLOGY AND A MATURE ASSEMBLAGE OF KAOLINITE-GROUP CLAYS, GIBBSITE, AND FE-OXIDES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283454.

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Reports on the topic "Gibbstie"

1

Martino, C. J. Gibbsite/Bayerite and Uranium in Tank 41H. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807384.

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Duff, M. C. Uranium Sorption on Sodium Aluminosilicates and Gibbsite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807916.

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Russell, Renee L., Harry D. Smith, Donald E. Rinehart, and Reid A. Peterson. Development and Characterization of Gibbsite Component Simulant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967006.

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Herting, Daniel L. Effect of Phosphate, Fluoride, and Nitrate on Gibbsite Dissolution Rate and Solubility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119691.

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Poirier, M., and P. Burket. Impact Of Sodium Oxalate, Sodium Aluminosilicate, and Gibbsite/Boehmite on ARP Filter Performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1235439.

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Hay, M., K. Kofi Adu-Wusu, and D. Daniel McCabe. DETERMINATION OF THE FRACTION OF GIBBSITE AND BOEHMITE FORMS OF ALUMINUM IN TANK 51H SLUDGE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/939428.

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Apps, J. A., J. M. Neil, and C. H. Jun. Thermochemical properties of gibbsite, bayerite, boehmite, diaspore, and the aluminate ion between 0 and 350/degree/C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6481805.

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