Academic literature on the topic 'Giardia Control Victoria Melbourne'

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Journal articles on the topic "Giardia Control Victoria Melbourne"

1

Cooke, B. D. "Swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) distribution has dramatically increased following sustained biological control of rabbits." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 3 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19037.

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Swamp wallabies have dramatically extended their distribution through western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia over the last 40 years. Newspaper reports from 1875 onwards show that on European settlement, wallaby populations were confined to eastern Victoria, including the ranges around Melbourne, the Otway Ranges and Portland District of south-western Victoria, and a tiny part of south-eastern South Australia. Populations contracted further with intense hunting for the fur trade until the 1930s. In the late 1970s, however, wallabies began spreading into drier habitats than those initially recorded. Possible causes underlying this change in distribution are discussed; some seem unlikely but, because wallabies began spreading soon after the introduction of European rabbit fleas as vectors of myxomatosis, the cumulative effects of releases of biological agents to control rabbits appear important. A caution is given on assuming that thick vegetation in high-rainfall areas provides the only habitat suitable for swamp wallabies, but, most importantly, the study shows how native mammals may benefit if rabbit abundance is reduced.
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Horne, PA. "Comparative Life Histories of 2 Species of Notonomus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920163.

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The distributions and life histories of two species of carabid beetles, Notonomus gravis and Notonomus philippi, are compared. N. gravis inhabits the western grassland plains of Victoria and N. philippi inhabits woodland in the Otway Ranges and areas east of Melbourne. Adults of both species show peak activity in summer after emergence, with larval development from autumn to spring. The development of N. philippi occurs approximately one month earlier than that of N. gravis. Both species readily accept larval Lepidoptera as food, are nocturnal and are the dominant carabids in their respective habitats. N. gravis has potential as a biological control agent, and the carabid communities may be used as environmental indicators.
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Cooper, Elizabeth, and Stephen Blarney. "A Norovirus Gastroenteritis Epidemic in a Long-Term–Care Facility." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 26, no. 3 (March 2005): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502535.

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AbstractBackground:In Victoria, Australia, from July to December 2002, 126 outbreaks of viral and suspected viral gastroenteritis were reported in healthcare institutions. Norovirus was found to account for at least 77 of the 126 outbreaks.Methods:In October 2002, the infection control unit investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis on three wards in a 500-bed, long-term-care facility in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Cohorting and other infection control measures were initiated.Results:The outbreak was controlled 32 days after the first symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were identified. Fifty-two patients and 11 staf f members were affected. Norovirus genotype 2 was detected on two of the three wards. Norovirus was not isolated in the third ward but was suspected to be the causative organism.Conclusions:Outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis can cause significant morbidity in a long-term-care facility, affecting both patients and staff. In addition, the transmission of viral pathogens can be well established before there is recognition of an outbreak.
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Boneh, Tal, Gary T. Weymouth, Peter Newham, Rodney Potts, John Bally, Ann E. Nicholson, and Kevin B. Korb. "Fog Forecasting for Melbourne Airport Using a Bayesian Decision Network." Weather and Forecasting 30, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 1218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0005.1.

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Abstract Fog events occur at Melbourne Airport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, approximately 12 times each year. Unforecast events are costly to the aviation industry, cause disruption, and are a safety risk. Thus, there is a need to improve operational fog forecasting. However, fog events are difficult to forecast because of the complexity of the physical processes and the impact of local geography and weather elements. Bayesian networks (BNs) are a probabilistic reasoning tool widely used for prediction, diagnosis, and risk assessment in a range of application domains. Several BNs for probabilistic weather prediction have been previously reported, but to date none have included an explicit forecast decision component and none have been used for operational weather forecasting. A Bayesian decision network [Bayesian Objective Fog Forecast Information Network (BOFFIN)] has been developed for fog forecasting at Melbourne Airport based on 34 years’ worth of data (1972–2005). Parameters were calibrated to ensure that the network had equivalent or better performance to prior operational forecast methods, which led to its adoption as an operational decision support tool. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the operational use of the network by forecasters over an 8-yr period (2006–13). This evaluation shows significantly improved forecasting accuracy by the forecasters using the network, as compared with previous years. BOFFIN-Melbourne has been accepted by forecasters because of its skill, visualization, and explanation facilities, and because it offers forecasters control over inputs where a predictor is considered unreliable.
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Hainsworth, Steven, Ann C. Lawrie, Thiru Vanniasinkam, and Danilla Grando. "Metagenomics of Toenail Onychomycosis in Three Victorian Regions of Australia." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111198.

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Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail that is found worldwide and is difficult to diagnose accurately. This study used metagenomics to investigate the microbiology of 18 clinically diagnosed mycotic nails and two normal nails for fungi and bacteria using the ITS2 and 16S loci. Four mycotic nails were from Bass Coast, six from Melbourne Metropolitan and eight from Shepparton, Victoria, Australia. The mycotic nails were photographed and metagenomically analysed. The ITS2 sequences for T. rubrum and T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes averaged over 90% of hits in 14/18 nails. The high abundance of sequences of a single dermatophyte, compared to all other fungi in a single nail, made it the most likely infecting agents (MLIA). Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes were found in Bass Coast and Shepparton while only T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes was found in Melbourne. Two nails with T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes mixed with high abundance non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) (Aspergillus versicolor, Acremonium sclerotigenum) were also observed. The two control nails contained chiefly Fusarium oxysporum and Malassezia slooffiae. For bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis was in every nail and was the most abundant, including the control nails, with an overall mean rate of 66.01%. Rothia koreensis, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, and Brevibacterium sediminis also featured.
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Swamikannu, X., D. Radulescu, R. Young, and R. Allison. "A comparative analysis: storm water pollution policy in California, USA and Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0704.

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Urban drainage systems historically were developed on principles of hydraulic capacity for the transport of storm water to reduce the risk of flooding. However, with urbanization the percent of impervious surfaces increases dramatically resulting in increased flood volumes, peak discharge rates, velocities and duration, and a significant increase in pollutant loads. Storm water and urban runoff are the leading causes of the impairment of receiving waters and their beneficial uses in Australia and the United States today. Strict environmental and technology controls on wastewater treatment facilities and industry for more than three decades have ensured that these sources are less significant today as the cause of impairment of receiving waters. This paper compares the approach undertaken by the Environmental Protection Authority Victoria for the Melbourne metropolitan area with the approach implemented by the California Environmental Protection Agency for the Los Angeles area to control storm water pollution. Both these communities are largely similar in population size and the extent of urbanization. The authors present an analysis of the different approaches contrasting Australia with the USA, comment on their comparative success, and discuss the relevance of the two experiences for developed and developing nations in the context of environmental policy making to control storm water and urban runoff pollution.
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7

Quigley, Ashley Lindsay, Mallory Trent, Holly Seale, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, and C. Raina MacIntyre. "Cross-sectional survey of changes in knowledge, attitudes and practice of mask use in Sydney and Melbourne during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e057860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057860.

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ObjectivesSince mask uptake and the timing of mask use has the potential to influence the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to assess the changes in knowledge toward mask use in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.DesignAn observational study, using a cross-sectional survey, was distributed to adults in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, during July–August 2020 (survey 1) and September 2020 (survey 2), during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.Setting and participantsParticipants aged 18 years or older and living in either Sydney or Melbourne.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDemographics, risk measures, COVID-19 severity and perception, mask attitude and uptake were determined in this study.ResultsA total of 700 participants completed the survey. In both Sydney and Melbourne, a consistent decrease was reported in almost all risk-mitigation behaviours between March 2020 and July 2020 and again between March 2020 and September 2020. However, mask use and personal protective equipment use increased in both Sydney and Melbourne from March 2020 to September 2020. There was no significant difference in mask use during the pandemic between the two cities across both timepoints (1.24 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.22; p=0.072)). Perceived severity and perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with mask uptake. Trust in information on COVID-19 from both national (1.77 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.44); p<0.000)) and state (1.62 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.22); p=0.003)) government was a predictor of mask use across both surveys.ConclusionSydney and Melbourne both had high levels of reported mask wearing during July 2020 and September 2020, consistent with the second wave and mask mandates in Victoria, and cluster outbreaks in Sydney at the time. High rates of mask compliance may be explained by high trust levels in information from national and state government, mask mandates, risk perceptions, current outbreaks and the perceived level of risk of COVID-19 infection at the time.
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Downer, Sean R., John G. Meara, Annette C. Da Costa, and Kannan Sethuraman. "SMS text messaging improves outpatient attendance." Australian Health Review 30, no. 3 (2006): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060389.

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Objective: To evaluate the operational and financial efficacy of sending short message service (SMS) text message reminders to the mobile telephones of patients with scheduled outpatient clinic appointments. Design: Cohort study with historical control. Setting: Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria. Patients: Patients who gave a mobile telephone contact number and were scheduled to attend an outpatient clinic at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne in October, November and December 2004 (trial group) or in October, November and December 2003 (historical control group). Main outcome measures: Failure-to-attend (FTA) rate compared between the trial group, whose members were sent a reminder, and the historical control group, whose members were not sent a reminder. Financial benefits versus cost of sending reminders. Results: 22 658 patients with a mobile telephone contact number scheduled to attend an outpatient clinic appointment in October, November and December 2004 were sent an SMS reminder; 20 448 (90.2%) of these patients attended their appointment. The control group included 22 452 patients with a mobile telephone contact number scheduled to attend an appointment, with 18 073 (80.5%) patients attending. The FTA rate was significantly lower in the trial group than in the historical control group (9.8% v 19.5%; P < 0.001). The cost of sending the SMS reminders was small compared with the increase in patient revenue and associated benefits generated as a result of improved attendance. Conclusions: The observed reduction in FTA rate was in line with that found using traditional reminder methods and a prior pilot study using SMS. The FTA reduction coupled with the increase in patient revenue suggests that reminding patients using SMS is a very cost effective approach for improving patient attendance.
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Long, K., AJ Robley, and K. Lovett. "Immediate post-release survival of eastern barred bandicoots Perameles gunnii at Woodlands Historic Park, Victoria, with reference to fox activity." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05017.

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On mainland Australia, eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii) are now restricted to a single wild population at Hamilton in western Victoria, and recovery efforts are focussed on establishing new populations at reintroduction sites. The success in founding these populations has been variable, and post-release survival has not been accurately quantified. It is believed that predation by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is largely responsible for post-release loss of P. gunnii, despite the implementation of predator control programs at release sites. An intensive fox control program was established to protect 10 released P. gunnii at Woodlands Historic Park, near Melbourne. Monitoring of fox activity was undertaken prior to and after the release in an attempt to better understand the effectiveness of control operations. Seven bandicoots were known to be alive at the conclusion of the study five weeks after their release (and an additional animal was trapped four months later), with weight loss appearing to be an important factor in determining post-release survival. Despite constant levels of bait-take by V. vulpes, fox activity measured from sand-pads remained high. We hypothesise that the presence of suitable refugia is allowing the persistence of a low-density bandicoot population at Woodlands despite constant, high levels of fox activity.
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Allouf, David, Andrew Martel, and Alan March. "Discretion versus prescription: Assessing the spatial impact of design regulations in apartments in Australia." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 7 (January 28, 2019): 1260–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318825273.

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The Victorian Government introduced the Better Apartment Design Guidelines in 2017. The introduction of these new regulations is a response to growing criticism over the quality of the large number of apartments recently constructed in Melbourne. This concern is shared in other Australian cities, but until now Victorian planning regulations have been the least prescriptive and most permissive in terms of apartment design parameters of any Australian jurisdiction. Reflecting on these concerns raises several questions in terms of the effectiveness of regulating for quality. Does regulating design in apartments improve quality or stifle innovation? Can the effect be measured, given the large number of exogenous factors involved in apartment production, and what might this tell us about the nature of ‘good-design’ and ‘quality-in-apartments’? This study explores the way in which different development control systems regulating apartment design impact the quality of internal apartment design. The two systems chosen, operating in Victoria and New South Wales, have been considered per Booth’s framework of regulatory and discretionary development control systems with the previous Victorian system seen as discretionary and the New South Wales approach a mix of regulatory-discretionary controls. Ten planning applications for high-rise residential developments were selected from Melbourne and Sydney. These were analysed against a set of good design principles defined by reviewing relevant literature and existing regulations. The results of the paper suggest the intuition of the Victorian Government that some form of intervention in the market is warranted to safeguard quality is likely to be correct.
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Books on the topic "Giardia Control Victoria Melbourne"

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International Workshop on the Management of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests (4th 2001 Melbourne, Vic.). The management of diamondback moth and other crucifer pests: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop, 26-29 November 2001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Edited by Endersby Nancy M, Ridland Peter M, and Regional Institute. Gosford, NSW: Regional Institute, 2004.

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Victoria. Building Control Commission. International Convention. Global building model in the next millenium: Proceedings : Building Control Commission International Convention, April 12 to 15, 1999, Hotel Sofitel, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Melbourne: Building Control Commission, 1999.

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1943-, Imai Hideki, and Zheng Yuliang 1962-, eds. Public key cryptography: Third International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptosystems, PKC 2000, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, January 18-20, 2000 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2000.

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Ombudsman, Victoria. Investigation into alleged excessive force by the Victoria police against demonstrators at the Richmond Secondary College on Monday 13 December 1993 and investigation into crowd control methods used by the Victorial police against demonstrators outside the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Headquarters , Victoria Parade East Melbourne on Thursday 10 February 1994. Melbourne: L.V. North, Govt. Printer, 1994.

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Victoria. Global building model in the next millenium: Proceedings : Building Control Commission International Convention, April 12 to 15, 1999, Hotel Sofitel, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Building Control Commission, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Giardia Control Victoria Melbourne"

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Fildes, Brian N., Brendan Lawrence, Luke Thompson, and Jennie Oxley. "Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 881–901. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_34.

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AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
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Fildes, Brian N., Brendan Lawrence, Luke Thompson, and Jennie Oxley. "Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_34-1.

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AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
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