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Fall, Sokhna. "Vers une conformité des Etats membres de l'UEMOA dans la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux : Etude à la lumière des Quarante Recommandations du GAFI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU10035.
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Les Quarante Recommandations du Groupe d’action financière (GAFI) sont communément reconnues comme constituant le cadre universel de référence dans la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux et le financement du terrorisme (LBC/FT). Aussi les perspectives d’une pleine conformité des Etats membres de l’UEMOA dans la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux ont-elles été envisagées à l’aune des critères de conformité auxdites Recommandations, dans cette étude se joignant à la recherche des solutions idoines pour consolider les acquis de la compliance dans l’anti-blanchiment dans ces pays ouest africains. Ainsi, un retour dans le passé a permis de retracer l’origine, le sens et la portée des standards du GAFI, en interrogeant le rôle des acteurs-phares de la genèse de la LBC/FT, en apportant la lumière sur les exigences spécifiques que les Etats doivent remplir pour atteindre la conformité dans la lutte contre le blanchiment. Mais encore, d’interroger la contribution de l’Afrique, qui a apporté des réponses juridiques et institutionnelles, mais pouvant gagner en efficacité par une meilleure coopération à l’échelle surtout, continentale. Dans les Etats membres, la conformité dans l’anti-blanchiment est subordonnée à un ensemble d’initiatives, voire de réformes d’ordre réglementaire, institutionnel et structurel devant permettre d’une part, d’optimiser les possibilités de prévention du blanchiment et d’autre part, de répondre davantage aux besoins particuliers du dispositif répressif dans le respect des droits fondamentaux. La teneur des mesures spécifiques requises à cet effet, lesquelles devraient désormais être pensées selon une démarche plus exhaustive et proactive, a été précisée dans cette analyse selon une approche détaillée s’employant à rechercher les moyens d’atteindre la conformité des Etats membres de l’UEMOA à chacune des Recommandations du GAFI relatives à l’anti-blanchimentThe Financial Task Force’s Forty Recommendations are commonly recognized as the universal frame reference in the fight against money laundering and terrorism financing (AML/CFT). Consequently, the FATF’s list of criteria for assessing technical compliance with the Forty Recommendations are the reference in this study, which purpose is to find the best measures and practices that would help West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries to be fully compliant with the Forty Recommendations. First of all, an analysis of the anti-money laundering system’s history was made for a better undersanding of the FATF standards’ scope, by interrogating the contribution of the main actors of the AML/CFT’s genesis, and underlying actions countries must take in order to be fully compliant. But also, by interrogating the contribution of african countries, who have provided legal and institutionnal responses to the money laundering issue, but still need to be more efficient in developping better continental cooperation practices. In the WAEMU countries, compliance with the Recommandations will require structural, regulatory and institutionnal initiatives and reforms in order to optimize the possibilities of money laundering prevention and to better respond to the needs of the law enforcement system while fully respecting the fundamental rights. The content of the specific measures required for such a purpose, which must now be determined according to an exhaustive and proactive approach, has been clarified in a detailed approach tending to seek ways to achieve compliance with each of the FATF’s Recommendations related to anti-money laundering
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Kneip, Christoph. "Sphaeroidkörper der Diatomee Rhopalodia gibba obligate Endosymbionten zur molekularen Stickstofffixierung /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2004/0632/.
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Sidell, Ruth. "Regulation of messenger RNA stability in Lemna gibba." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267069.
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Bushell, Claire. "Development of 3D leaf shape : Utricularia gibba as a model system." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/63739/.
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The development of diverse organ shapes involves genetically specified growth patterns which may differ across a tissue in rate and/ or orientation. Understanding specified growth is not intuitive since observed (resultant) growth rates and orientations are the result of specified growth combined with the effects of mechanical constraints in a connected tissue. Growth dynamics in leaves of Arabidopsis have previously been studied experimentally and modelled using a polarity field to orient growth, and regional factors which control local specified growth rates parallel and perpendicular to the polarity. It is unclear whether the mechanisms invoked for the development of 2D leaf shape can be applied to more complex 3D leaf shapes. In this work, I developed Utricularia gibba as a new model system and studied the development of U. gibba 3D epiascidiate (cup-shaped) leaves (known as bladders). I investigated bladder shape changes through development and modelled these transitions using isotropic (equal in all directions) or anisotropic (preferentially in one orientation) specified growth, showing that specified anisotropy is required to generate the full mature bladder shape. The shape of the main body of the bladder could be accounted for by both specified isotropic or anisotropic models. I tested predictions on growth dynamics and polarity made by each model using sector analysis and by investigating markers of tissue cell polarity in bladders. Sector analysis supported an anisotropic specified growth model, while quadrifid gland and UgPIN1 analysis provided evidence of a polarity field in U. gibba. Together, these observations suggest a common underlying mechanism for the generation of 3D and 2D leaves. This work shows how computational modelling can be combined with experimentation in a biological system to allow for a better understanding of the specified growth patterns underlying the generation of an organ shape.
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Trisolini, Giada <1983>. "I MOOCs in Italia: una indagine esplorativa." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8722/1/Giada%20Trisolini_Tesi%20dottorato_XXXI%20ciclo.pdf.
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La ricerca tenta di approfondire alcune delle criticità riscontrate in letteratura relative alla progettazione didattica dei MOOCs e agli approcci pedagogico-didattici adottati. I MOOCs potrebbero rappresentare per le università un’opportunità estremamente innovativa e rivoluzionaria per ampliare e diversificare l’offerta formativa. Nonostante l’entusiasmo che le università dimostrano nei confronti dei MOOCs, derivante in particolar modo dalle potenzialità di tali corsi nel raggiungere un vasto numero di studenti, esiste il rischio di considerare tali corsi come una “riproposizione colorata” dell’apprendimento individuale tradizionale. Tali corsi dovrebbero essere progettati seguendo differenti approcci pedagogici che richiedono l’adozione di specifici modelli didattici funzionali al raggiungimento degli obiettivi formativi prefissati. Pertanto, le domande che hanno guidato la ricerca interrogano i MOOCs come una nuova frontiera della formazione culturale di massa con particolare attenzione su quali modelli didattici sono stati intenzionalmente adottati nelle fasi di ideazione e progettazione dei cosiddetti MOOCs. Con l’obiettivo di cercare una risposta a questa domanda, si è condotta una ricerca volta a esplorare ed analizzare la fenomenologia di alcuni MOOCs erogati attraverso alcune delle piattaforme maggiormente diffuse in Italia.The research attempts to investigate some of the critical points found in literature referred to instructional design of MOOCs and the pedagogical-didactic approaches adopted. MOOCs could represent an extremely innovative and revolutionary opportunity for universities that could expand their education programmes. Despite the enthusiasm shown by the universities on MOOCs opportunities, the risk to consider this kind of courses as a new form of traditional individual learning exists. These Massive Open Online Courses should be designed following different pedagogical approaches that requiring specific didactic models in order to reach predefined educational objectives. Thus, the research questions ask if MOOCs could be considered as a new frontier of mass cultural education. With the aim to answer to this questions the research has been developed analysing MOOCs’ phenomenology delivered through the main platforms in Italy.
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Ronzitti, Fabiana <1989>. ""Gli abiti funebri in giada nella Cina antica. Proposta di traduzione di tre articoli specialistici"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6450.
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This Master Graduation Thesis focuses on a Technical translation, from Chinese to Italian, of two articles and an episode of a documentary, concerning the use of jade in the funeral system in ancient China.
The main topic is the discovery of the mysterious jade burial suits in ancient Chinese tombs. The articles also offer a rich explanation about the system of use of this suits, focusing on the specific period of the Western Han dynasty.
The introduction consist of an explanation about the importance of jade in China, its meaning and its system of use across centuries and dynasties up to date .
The introduction is followed by three translations. The first one is an article, published by the “Zhongguo wenhua huabao” , an illustrated journal about culture and arts of China, in 2008. The second one is an article published by the “Zhongyuan wenwu bianjibu”, an academic journal about archaeology and museums, edited by the Henan Museum. The third one, finally, is the translation of the subtitles of an episode taken by an eight-episodes famous documentary about jade, “ The jade legend” broadcasted by CCTV in 2012.
All the texts taken into account are specialized texts, oriented towards an expert target audience. The language is technical and professional , full of references to different fields as history and archaeology, sometimes sustained by images that can help the reader in the process of understanding.
The translation process fills up the main part of the thesis. Firstly, it focuses on the analysis of the features of the source texts, the function and the text type, the dominant and the model reader. Finally it provides the explanation of the macro and microstrategy adopted by the translator to solve the linguistic and the extra-linguistic problems encountered during the cultural and linguistic translation from Chinese to Italian.
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Meis, Chormanski Theresa A. "Morphology and anatomy of three common everglades utricularia species; U. Gibba, U. Cornuta, and U. Subulata." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2494.
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Members of the aquatic plant genus Utricularia exhibit many unique characteristics: nutritional supplementation carried out by the most complex trapping mechanism of any carnivorous plant, extremely modified vegetative morphology, relaxed developmental constraints, high generic diversity, and fast genomic substitution rates. The vegetative morphology, anatomy and growth pattern of three species common to Florida's Everglades, U. gibba, U. cornuta, and U. subulata were analyzed in depth. Specimens were collected from different habitats in South Florida during both the wet and dry seasons. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to quantify anatomical and morphological characteristics. A morphological model describing growth and the possible variations to the basic pattern was created for each of the three species, providing a framework for future ecological , physiological, and molecular studies. Additional field and herbarium observations were made of the remaining eight taxa found in southern Florida and a species key was created for all eleven taxa.
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Laureta, L. V. "Trophic dynamics of a benthic community, with particular reference to the ecological energetics of Corbula gibba (Olivi)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381336.
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Furlani, Eduardo Antonio Torres. "Increasing the radix and tip in the perception of convexity of the nasal dorsum (GIBA)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17423.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorIntroduction: The systematic use of aesthetic rhinoplasty began with Jaques Joseph (end of sec XIX). It was a reducing model, which lasted for decades. As a result, there were various functional and aesthetic consequences, leading to the search for a more structured alternative. However, there is still resistance to augmentation techniques, in part for the fear of going against the patientâs ideal, which is a small and delicate nose. However, it is known that increasing the radix may cause an apparent reduction in nasal base and that increasing the chin may cause an apparent reduction of nasal projection. However, these observations have not been tested in specific studies yet. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that radix and tip augmentation procedures can cause the impression that there was a reduction of the nose, despite the augmentation. Methods: The sample consisted of 9 patients who underwent rhinoplasty with aesthetic purpose, with dorsal convexity at its proximal or middle area, who underwent radix and tip grafts and did not require further surgery. There were two subsequent phases. In the virtual phase, the shape of the preoperative nose was subjected to increasing radix and tip without any reduction procedure, through imaging software. The nine before and after pictures were presented to six examiners blinded to the methodology (total of 54 ratings) and they rated the modified images in one of five categories: -2 (much smaller than before); -1 (a little smaller than before); 0 (the same size as before); 1 (slightly bigger than before); 2 (much bigger than before). In the real phase of the study, the intervention consisted in rhinoplasty (the same patients) with radix and tip grafts and some other maneuvers required in each case. Evaluations followed the same method, but each patient evaluated their own results after three months of surgery. In addition, patients completed a questionnaire for assessment of satisfaction with the nose (ROE). Results: Virtual phase. There was an average increase of 6.5% in the size of the nose between the pre and the post intervention (p = 0.001). There was perceived decrease of size in the majority of cases (p = 0.004). Twenty four percent of evaluations indicated category (-2) and 44% indicated (-1). Real phase. There was an average increase in nasal dimensions (1%), however, this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.392). There was perceived reduction (p = 0.004). The level of patient satisfaction with the nose had an average increase of 344%. Conclusions: The correction of the nasal dorsum, even with increased
IntroduÃÃo: A rinoplastia estÃtica, de forma sistemÃtica, comeÃou com Jaques Joseph (final do sÃec. XIX). Tratava-se de modelo redutor, que perdurou por dÃcadas. Em consequÃncia, surgiram diversas sequelas funcionais e estÃticas, que conduziram à busca por alternativas mais estruturadas. No entanto, existem resistÃncias Ãs tÃcnicas de aumento, em parte devido ao receio de contrariar a busca por um nariz pequeno e delicado, que jà faz parte do imaginÃrio dos pacientes. Contudo, sabe-se que o aumento do radix pode causar a impressÃo de reduÃÃo da base nasal e que o aumento do mento pode causar a impressÃo de reduÃÃo da projeÃÃo nasal. Entretanto, essas observaÃÃes nÃo foram testadas com estudos dirigidos. Nesse estudo, foi testada testamos a hipÃtese de que procedimentos de aumento de radix e da ponta podem causar a impressÃo de que houve reduÃÃo do nariz, mesmo tendo havido aumento. MÃtodos: A amostra foi composta por nove9 pacientes submetidos a rinoplastia, com finalidade estÃtica, com dorso convexo na sua porÃÃo proximal ou mÃdia, que foram submetidos a enxerto de radix e de ponta. Com a utilizaÃÃo do programa Doctor View, a imagem prÃ-operatÃria foi modificada com aumento de radix e de ponta, sem qualquer procedimento de reduÃÃo. As nove9 imagens de antes e depois das modificaÃÃes foram apresentadas a seis6 examinadores cegos para a metodologia (total de 54 avaliaÃÃes) e eles classificaram as imagens modificadas em uma das cinco categorias: -2 (muito menor que antes); -1 (menor que antes); 0 (do mesmo tamanho que antes); 1 (um pouco maior que antes); 2 (muito maior que antes). Em seguida, foi realizada uma fase real de estudo, na qual a intervenÃÃo consistiu-se na rinoplastia nos mesmos pacientes, com enxerto de radix e de ponta e algumas outras manobras julgadas necessÃrias em cada caso. As avaliaÃÃes seguiram o mesmo mÃtodo, mas cada paciente avaliou seu prÃprio resultado apÃs trÃs meses da cirurgia. AlÃm disso, os pacientes preencheram questionÃrio de avaliaÃÃo de satisfaÃÃo com o nariz (ROE). Resultados: Fase virtual: Houve aumento mÃdio de 6,5% na Ãrea do nariz entre ao prà e ao pÃs- intervenÃÃo (p=0,001). Houve percepÃÃo de reduÃÃo pelos avaliadores independentes (p=0,004). Vinte e quatro por cento das avaliaÃÃes apontaram a categoria (-2) e 44% apontaram (-1). Fase real: Houve aumento mÃdio das dimensÃes nasais (1%), porÃm sem significÃncia estatÃstica (p=0,392). Houve percepÃÃo de reduÃÃo pelos sujeitos do estudo (p=0,004). O nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo dos pacientes com o nariz teve um aumento mÃdio de 344%. ConclusÃo: A retificaÃÃo do dorso nasal, por meio de aumento do radix e da ponta, gera percepÃÃo de diminuiÃÃo do tamanho do nariz.
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Giba, Alaa eldin Verfasser], and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mücklich. "Rare earth-doped aluminum nitride thin films for optical applications / Alaa eldin Giba ; Betreuer: Frank Mücklich." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154438473/34.
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Furlani, Eduardo Antonio Torres. "Aumento do radix e da ponta na percepção de redução da convexidade do dorso nasal (GIBA)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18823.
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FURLANI, E. A. T. Aumento do radix e da ponta na percepção de redução da convexidade do dorso nasal (GIBA). 2015. 102 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Cirurgia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.Submitted by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T16:33:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_eatfurlani.pdf: 3633157 bytes, checksum: 990648ab58941b8aad2c318bb458f58a (MD5)
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The systematic use of aesthetic rhinoplasty began with Jaques Joseph (end of sec XIX). It was a reducing model, which lasted for decades. As a result, there were various functional and aesthetic consequences, leading to the search for a more structured alternative. However, there is still resistance to augmentation techniques, in part for the fear of going against the patient’s ideal, which is a small and delicate nose. However, it is known that increasing the radix may cause an apparent reduction in nasal base and that increasing the chin may cause an apparent reduction of nasal projection. However, these observations have not been tested in specific studies yet. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that radix and tip augmentation procedures can cause the impression that there was a reduction of the nose, despite the augmentation. Methods: The sample consisted of 9 patients who underwent rhinoplasty with aesthetic purpose, with dorsal convexity at its proximal or middle area, who underwent radix and tip grafts and did not require further surgery. There were two subsequent phases. In the virtual phase, the shape of the preoperative nose was subjected to increasing radix and tip without any reduction procedure, through imaging software. The nine before and after pictures were presented to six examiners blinded to the methodology (total of 54 ratings) and they rated the modified images in one of five categories: -2 (much smaller than before); -1 (a little smaller than before); 0 (the same size as before); 1 (slightly bigger than before); 2 (much bigger than before). In the real phase of the study, the intervention consisted in rhinoplasty (the same patients) with radix and tip grafts and some other maneuvers required in each case. Evaluations followed the same method, but each patient evaluated their own results after three months of surgery. In addition, patients completed a questionnaire for assessment of satisfaction with the nose (ROE). Results: Virtual phase. There was an average increase of 6.5% in the size of the nose between the pre and the post intervention (p = 0.001). There was perceived decrease of size in the majority of cases (p = 0.004). Twenty four percent of evaluations indicated category (-2) and 44% indicated (-1). Real phase. There was an average increase in nasal dimensions (1%), however, this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.392). There was perceived reduction (p = 0.004). The level of patient satisfaction with the nose had an average increase of 344%. Conclusions: The correction of the nasal dorsum, even with increased
A rinoplastia estética, de forma sistemática, começou com Jaques Joseph (final do séec. XIX). Tratava-se de modelo redutor, que perdurou por décadas. Em consequência, surgiram diversas sequelas funcionais e estéticas, que conduziram à busca por alternativas mais estruturadas. No entanto, existem resistências às técnicas de aumento, em parte devido ao receio de contrariar a busca por um nariz pequeno e delicado, que já faz parte do imaginário dos pacientes. Contudo, sabe-se que o aumento do radix pode causar a impressão de redução da base nasal e que o aumento do mento pode causar a impressão de redução da projeção nasal. Entretanto, essas observações não foram testadas com estudos dirigidos. Nesse estudo, foi testada testamos a hipótese de que procedimentos de aumento de radix e da ponta podem causar a impressão de que houve redução do nariz, mesmo tendo havido aumento. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por nove9 pacientes submetidos a rinoplastia, com finalidade estética, com dorso convexo na sua porção proximal ou média, que foram submetidos a enxerto de radix e de ponta. Com a utilização do programa Doctor View, a imagem pré-operatória foi modificada com aumento de radix e de ponta, sem qualquer procedimento de redução. As nove9 imagens de antes e depois das modificações foram apresentadas a seis6 examinadores cegos para a metodologia (total de 54 avaliações) e eles classificaram as imagens modificadas em uma das cinco categorias: -2 (muito menor que antes); -1 (menor que antes); 0 (do mesmo tamanho que antes); 1 (um pouco maior que antes); 2 (muito maior que antes). Em seguida, foi realizada uma fase real de estudo, na qual a intervenção consistiu-se na rinoplastia nos mesmos pacientes, com enxerto de radix e de ponta e algumas outras manobras julgadas necessárias em cada caso. As avaliações seguiram o mesmo método, mas cada paciente avaliou seu próprio resultado após três meses da cirurgia. Além disso, os pacientes preencheram questionário de avaliação de satisfação com o nariz (ROE). Resultados: Fase virtual: Houve aumento médio de 6,5% na área do nariz entre ao pré e ao pós- intervenção (p=0,001). Houve percepção de redução pelos avaliadores independentes (p=0,004). Vinte e quatro por cento das avaliações apontaram a categoria (-2) e 44% apontaram (-1). Fase real: Houve aumento médio das dimensões nasais (1%), porém sem significância estatística (p=0,392). Houve percepção de redução pelos sujeitos do estudo (p=0,004). O nível de satisfação dos pacientes com o nariz teve um aumento médio de 344%. Conclusão: A retificação do dorso nasal, por meio de aumento do radix e da ponta, gera percepção de diminuição do tamanho do nariz.
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Dede, Christine [Verfasser], and Uwe G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Maier. "Sphäroidkörper in Endosymbiose mit Rhopalodia gibba : Analysen des Genoms und Transkriptstudien der Nitrogenase / Christine Dede. Betreuer: Uwe G. Maier." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013255321/34.
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Reid, Wayne Stanley Jr. "Exploring Duckweed (Lemna gibba) as a Protein Supplement for Ruminants Using the Boer Goat (Capra hircus) as a Model." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05242004-103543/.
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Duckweed is the common name used to refer to members of the aquatic plant family Lemnaceae. Duckweed commonly grows on stagnant, nutrient enriched waters throughout tropical and temperate zones. Growth conditions include water temperatures of 6 ? 33oC and a wide pH range. Under ideal conditions, duckweed can double its biomass every sixteen hours to four days. Its nutrient uptake capability helps to account for a CP of 15 ? 40% and high growth rate. Scientists have studied duckweed?s feed attributes for fish, poultry, swine, and ruminants. A duckweed feeding trial was carried out at North Carolina State University Metabolism Educational Unit with 19 goat wethers fed four different diets. The objective of the trial was to characterize the composition of wastewater grown duckweed and evaluate its use as a protein supplement for ruminants. Our hypothesis was that duckweed is a suitable protein source for goats and will behave in a similar fashion to soybean meal. The diets included a negative control, positive control (all of the supplemental protein from soybean meal), 1/3 duckweed, and 2/3 duckweed (1/3 and 2/3 of the supplemental protein came from duckweed, respectively). The goats were fed equal amounts of hay and supplement at 4% of body weight (as fed). Duckweed exhibited a similar compositional profile to soybean meal except for being lower in CP and higher in minerals. Amino acid and protein fraction profiles were also comparable between duckweed and soybean meal. There was no significant difference among treatments for DMI, ADF, and NDF digestibility. Nitrogen intake, N digested (g/d), and N retained (% of digested) showed no significant differences among the supplemental protein diets. Nitrogen retained as a percent of intake and N retained (g/d) tended to be slightly lower in the diets containing duckweed. Serum urea nitrogen levels also showed no significant differences for the protein diets except for a linear response (P = 0.09). The P balance showed no significant difference for P intake but both linear and quadratic responses for P retained (g/d), and P digested (g/d) as well as a linear response for P retained (% of digested). Similarities of the rumen pH, NH4 and VFA data among the diets show that duckweed does not abnormally affect rumen function and is comparable to soybean meal in dietary function. Duckweed appears to be a viable source of protein and phosphorus (at lower dietary levels) supplementation for ruminants and is nearly comparable to soybean meal in its utilization.
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Ferreira, Almir José. "Diversidade e estrutura da comunidade bacteriana associada às armadilhas da planta carnívora Utricularia gibba (Lentibulariaceae) e ao ambiente aquático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-10022012-162729/.
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A diversidade microbiana em ambientes aquáticos e sua associação com plantas carnívoras ainda é pouco estudada. Assim, a comunidade bacteriana da planta carnívora Utricularia gibba e do seu meio aquático foi avaliada por meio do seqüenciamento em larga escala (454 Roche) de uma biblioteca do gene 16S rRNA. Os resultados indicaram que a comunidade bacteriana na água é significativamente diferente da comunidade dos utrículos. Além disso, a comunidade bacteriana da água é composta principalmente por membros dos filos Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes e Verrucomicrobia, enquanto que a comunidade presente me U. gibba é composta por membros dos filos Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria e Acidobacteria. O gênero Polynucleobacter foi dominante nos dois ambientes aquáticos, mas não foi detectado no interior dos utrículos, onde Acidobacterium e Methylococcus foram os gêneros dominantes. Assim, uma comunidade bacteriana específica no interior dos utrículos deve ter sido selecionada a partir do ambiente, podendo esta atuar na degradação das presas.The microbial diversity of aquatic environments and their association to carnivorous plants is still poor studied. Thus, the bacterial community associated to traps of Utricularia gibba and its aquatic environment was evaluated by large-scale sequencing (454 Roche) of 16S rRNA library from these environments. The results indicated the bacterial community in water is significantly different from the community of utricles. In addition, the bacterial community detected in water environment is mainly composed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, while in utricules of U. gibba the community is composed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria. The genus Polynucleobacter was dominant in water, but was not detected in association with the plant. Inside the plant, the genus Acidobacterium and Methylococcus were dominant, but were not detected in water samples. Thus, a specific bacterial community within the utricles should have been selected from the environment, and could play a role in prey degradation.
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Peron, Giada [Verfasser], and Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Aharonian. "Probing the Spatial and Spectral Distribution of Galactic Cosmic Rays with High-Energy Gamma-Rays / Giada Peron ; Betreuer: Felix Aharonian." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225938627/34.
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Fulton, Barry A. Brooks Bryan William. "Assessing interactions between nutrients and toxicity influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on triclosan toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte "lemna gibba" /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5351.
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VANDERLEI, Luiz Onélio de Oliveira. "A Cogeração como Difusão de um Processo de Inovação Tecnológica e Estratégia Empresarial no Setor Sucroalcooleiro: o Caso da Destilaria Giasa." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1159.
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Previous issue date: 2003Esta Dissertação trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o propósito de explorar e entender as mudanças ocorridas na Destilaria Giasa, tomando a cogeração como um processo de difusão de inovação tecnológica no caso particular de uma empresa familiar e do setor sucroalcooleiro. Entende-se por cogeração, a produção combinada de calor e eletricidade (CHP - combined heat and power), correspondendo ao processo de produção de energia elétrica e calorífica através de uma mesma fonte primária de energia. A destilaria cujo negócio durante seus 31 anos de existência era a produção e comercialização de álcool e seus derivados, apenas cogerava para consumo interno. No final de 2001, lançou-se no mercado energético tanto como auto-produtora para venda de excedentes como produtora independente de energia elétrica no Programa Governamental de Térmicas Emergenciais para disponibilização de energia emergencial. À luz das teorias sobre inovação tecnológica e estratégia empresarial, o trabalho caracteriza e analisa as transformações ocorridas na empresa para acomodar-se ao novo processo e ao novo produto comercializado: energia elétrica. Como conclusão, esta Dissertação projeta seus resultados não somente na caracterização do processo inovativo elencado, mas também nos seus condicionantes, focalizando através de um estudo de caso os pontos de intersecção dos setores sucroalcooleiro e energético, distintos entre si, mas que se tornam atraídos pela viabilidade do negócio nos campos tecnológico, econômico e sócio-ambiental
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VERNACI, GRAZIA MARIA. "Efficacia di immunoterapia e chemioterapia come trattamento neoadiuvante nel carcinoma mammario Luminal B-like: risultati dello studio di fase II GIADA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3420333.
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Background. Among hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors, Luminal B-like breast cancer (BC) harbors immunogenic features as high proliferation rate and high mutational load that can promote sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, cytotoxic drugs and hormonal treatments have been shown to modulate the immune system.
The role of immunotherapy in HR-positive, HER2-negative early BC is underexplored.
Methods. The prospective multicentric phase 2 GIADA trial enrolled premenopausal patients with Luminal B-like BC (HR-positive, HER2-negative, with Ki67>20% and/or histologic Grade 3) candidate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from four Italian Institutions. Patients received: three 21-days cycles of intravenous epirubicin (90 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) followed by eight 14-days cycles of intravenous nivolumab (240 mg), intramuscular triptorelin (3.75 mg every 28 days) started concomitantly to chemotherapy, and oral exemestane (25 mg daily) started concomitantly to nivolumab. Tumor tissue samples were collected at baseline (t0), after chemotherapy before nivolumab (t1), and at surgery (t2). BC intrinsic subtypes were determined using PAM50 assay. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were centrally assessed following TILs Working Group Recommendations. Primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR; ypT0/is, ypN0). At least 8 pCR were required to satisfy the statistical hypothesis.
Results. A pCR was achieved by seven out of 43 patients (16.3%; 95%CI 7.4-34.9). The rate of Residual Cancer Burden class 0-1 was 25.6% (n=11), and 70.6% patients (n=24 of 34 evaluable) obtained an objective response in the breast. pCR rate was significantly higher for patients with PAM50 Basal BC (50%, 4/8) as compared to other subtypes (Luminal A 9%, 1/11; Luminal B 8%, 2/24; p=0.017).
Immune-related biomarkers including TILs and gene expression signatures tracking immune processes were significantly associated with pCR. A combined score of Basal subtype and TILs had an AUC of 0.95 (95%CI 0.89-1.00) for pCR prediction.
A significant enrichment in TILs occurred from t0 to t1.
Most common Grade >3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) during nivolumab were alanine aminotransferase (16.7%, n=7) and aspartate aminotransferase (9.5%, n=4) increase. Most common immune-related AEs were endocrinopathies, mostly hypothyroidism (14.3%, n=6), all of Grade 1-2.
Conclusion. Although the trial did not meet its primary endpoint, the results show that a subset of Luminal B-like BC patients may respond to sequential anthracyclines and anti-PD-1, especially in presence of a state of tumor inflammation and/or Basal subtype. Our data provide novel hints to trace the path of immunotherapy development in this context.Background. Among hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors, Luminal B-like breast cancer (BC) harbors immunogenic features as high proliferation rate and high mutational load that can promote sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, cytotoxic drugs and hormonal treatments have been shown to modulate the immune system. The role of immunotherapy in HR-positive, HER2-negative early BC is underexplored. Methods. The prospective multicentric phase 2 GIADA trial enrolled premenopausal patients with Luminal B-like BC (HR-positive, HER2-negative, with Ki67>20% and/or histologic Grade 3) candidate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from four Italian Institutions. Patients received: three 21-days cycles of intravenous epirubicin (90 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) followed by eight 14-days cycles of intravenous nivolumab (240 mg), intramuscular triptorelin (3.75 mg every 28 days) started concomitantly to chemotherapy, and oral exemestane (25 mg daily) started concomitantly to nivolumab. Tumor tissue samples were collected at baseline (t0), after chemotherapy before nivolumab (t1), and at surgery (t2). BC intrinsic subtypes were determined using PAM50 assay. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were centrally assessed following TILs Working Group Recommendations. Primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR; ypT0/is, ypN0). At least 8 pCR were required to satisfy the statistical hypothesis. Results. A pCR was achieved by seven out of 43 patients (16.3%; 95%CI 7.4-34.9). The rate of Residual Cancer Burden class 0-1 was 25.6% (n=11), and 70.6% patients (n=24 of 34 evaluable) obtained an objective response in the breast. pCR rate was significantly higher for patients with PAM50 Basal BC (50%, 4/8) as compared to other subtypes (Luminal A 9%, 1/11; Luminal B 8%, 2/24; p=0.017). Immune-related biomarkers including TILs and gene expression signatures tracking immune processes were significantly associated with pCR. A combined score of Basal subtype and TILs had an AUC of 0.95 (95%CI 0.89-1.00) for pCR prediction. A significant enrichment in TILs occurred from t0 to t1. Most common Grade >3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) during nivolumab were alanine aminotransferase (16.7%, n=7) and aspartate aminotransferase (9.5%, n=4) increase. Most common immune-related AEs were endocrinopathies, mostly hypothyroidism (14.3%, n=6), all of Grade 1-2. Conclusion. Although the trial did not meet its primary endpoint, the results show that a subset of Luminal B-like BC patients may respond to sequential anthracyclines and anti-PD-1, especially in presence of a state of tumor inflammation and/or Basal subtype. Our data provide novel hints to trace the path of immunotherapy development in this context.
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Mkandawire, Martin Ch [Verfasser]. "Fate and Effects of Uranium and Arsenic in Surface Water of Abandoned Uranium Mines: Investigations with Lemna gibba L. / Martin Ch Mkandawire." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186581271/34.
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Mallakin, Ali. "Impacts of structural photomodification of anthracene derivatives on the aquatic higher plant Lemna gibba (Lemnaceae) under actinic radiation and modeling of toxicological risk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0014/NQ52027.pdf.
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Franco, Marulanda Néstor Darío. "Polimorfismos no rDNA em uma planta de genoma reduzido Utricularia gibba L. (Lentibulariaceae) : evolução em concerto incompleta e sua implicação na inferência filogenética /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144236.
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Orientador: Vitor Fernandez Olivera de MirandaCoorientador: Janete Apparecida Desidério
Banca: Marcos Túlio de Oliveira
Banca: Maurício Bacci Junior
Resumo: A planta carnívora Utricularia gibba (Lentibulariaceae) apresenta um genoma reduzido de aproximadamente 82 Mpb e foi empregada no presente estudo para se investigar a diversidade de cópias da região ITS (nrDNA). Uma das características do nrDNA é que suas cópias em tandem apresentam alto grau de similaridade pela ação homogeneizadora da evolução em concerto. Porém, neste estudo foram encontradas variações intragenômicas, intra e interpopulacionais nas regiões ITS em U. gibba. Com o objetivo de elucidar o impacto dos polimorfismos nos espaçadores ITS1, ITS2 e no gene 5,8S nas análises filogenéticas e filogeográficas, foi clonada a região ITS completa de 25 indivíduos de 5 populações, assim obtidos 292 cópias as quais foram analisadas isoladamente cada região (ITS1, 5,8S e ITS2) e em conjunto. Desta forma foram avaliados o comprimento e o conteúdo das regiões, as variações nucleotídicas e haplotípicas e realizadas análises filogenéticas e filogeográficas. Para determinar a funcionalidade das sequências obtidas foram identificados motifs conservados das regiões ITS1 e 5,8S e para os haplótipos da região ITS2 foi confirmada a sua estrutura secundária por transferibilidade das hélices em estruturas secundárias conhecidas de espécies filogeneticamente relacionadas. Assim, as três regiões apresentaram polimorfismos representados em haplótipos para cada sequência. Os resultados sugerem que todos os diferentes haplótipos presentes em U. gibba são cópias funcionais que podem ser usadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aquatic carnivorous plant, Utricularia gibba (Lentibulariaceae) has a small genome of with approximately 82 Mpb and was used in this work for the variance analysis of the copies diversity of the ribosomal DNA ITS region (nrDNA). One of the nrDNA features is that its its copies in tandem ys have present a high degree of similarity in intra individual and interspecies genomes due the homogenizing action of concerted evolution. However, in this study intragenomic, intra, and inter-populational variations were found in ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 ITS regions in individuals and populations evaluated. U. gibba. With the main objectiveaim of to elucidate the impact of polymorphisms of thein the intergenic spacers ITS1, ITS2, and gene 5.8S and ITS2 regions in phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyszes, we was cloned the complete ITS region of 25 individuals from 5 populations, thereby obtained 292 clones copies and internal spacers ITS1 and ITS2 and the 5.8S gene were identified, which were analyzed individually (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) and togetherconcatenated. Thus we evaluate the length and GC concentration of the regions, the nucleotide and haplotype variations and achieved phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyzes were madedinferences. To determine test the functionality of the sequences obtained we were searched and compared conserved motifs in spacer ITS1 and 5.8S gene and the haplotypes of spacer ITS2 was evaluated the ITS2 its secondary structure by transferability of helices in known secondary structures known of closely phylogenetically related species. Thus, the three regions showed polymorphisms represented by generating haplotypes for each region. Thise results suggest that the all different haplotypes present in U. gibba are functional copies that can should be used as phylogenetic mark... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Corradini, Bartoli Giada [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ifner. "Global examination of papillomavirus protein-protein interactions : the intraviral interactome of HPV31 and the cellular binding partners of cutaneous papillomaviruses / Giada Corradini Bartoli ; Betreuer: Thomas Ifner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200916778/34.
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Queirós, Libânia Sofia Seixas. "Ecotoxicological characterisation and ecofriendlier alternative formulations of a commercial herbicide (Winner Top®)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21316.
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Mestrado em Toxicologia e EcotoxicologiaTem-se assistido a um uso potencialmente abusivo de produtos fitofarmacêuticos, com consequentes efeitos ambientais. Assim, o desenvolvimento de produtos mais eficazes e amigos do ambiente é um dos grandes desafios da atualidade. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como principais objetivos: (i) avaliar a toxicidade dos formulantes ou adjuvantes utilizados nas formulações dos produtos comerciais, utilizando um herbicida modelo (Winner Top®), de forma a verificar se a designação destes ingredientes como “inertes” é realmente cabível; (ii) desenvolver uma nova metodologia para a formulação dos produtos comerciais visando a manipulação do rácio dos seus constituintes, mantendo a eficácia contra as espécies alvo e exercendo, ao mesmo tempo, menor toxicidade sobre organismos não-alvo. Os ingredientes ativos do Winner Top® (nicosulfurão e terbutilazina) foram testados individualmente e em mistura, considerando o rácio usado na formulação comercial e rácios alternativos. A formulação comercial foi também testada para análise da contribuição dos formulantes para a toxicidade do herbicida. Duas espécies de algas (Raphidocelis subcapitata e Chlorella vulgaris) e duas espécies de macrófitas (Lemna minor and Lemna gibba) foram selecionadas como organismos não-alvo para estes testes, que avaliaram os efeitos dos tóxicos no seu crescimento. Foi também realizado um teste de vigor vegetativo com um organismo alvo, a beldroega (Portulaca oleracea), para se testar a eficácia de formulações alternativas à do composto comercial. Estas formulações foram estabelecidas tendo em conta as concentrações de cada ingrediente que não exerciam efeitos intoleráveis em Lemna minor. Os testes de toxicidade individual revelaram que a terbutilazina foi o principal inibidor de crescimento para as microalgas e o nicosulfurão para as macrófitas. Por outro lado, a mistura dos ingredientes ativos no mesmo rácio da formulação comercial foi aparentemente mais tóxica do que a formulação comercial. Logo, os formulantes do Winner Top® não serão inertes. Por outro lado, o teste de toxicidade de misturas sinalizou que a combinação dos ingredientes ativos tem uma ação antagonista, dependente do nível de efeito, na inibição do crescimento do organismo não-alvo. Estas evidências reforçam as recomendações que têm vindo a ser feitas acerca da necessidade de considerar as formulações, e não os seus componentes isoladamente, na análise de risco prévia à autorização de comercialização de pesticidas. A eficácia, contra a espécie alvo, de formulações alternativas seleccionadas foi equivalente ou em alguns casos superior à da formulação usada no composto comercial, tendo-se verificado que um dos ingredientes ativos não adiciona potencial letal relevante à formulação. Estes resultados permitem sugerir que a manipulação racional do rácio entre os constituintes das formulações comerciais, tendo por base os efeitos ambientais esperados, pode ser uma alternativa para as indústrias de agroquímicos que pretendam desenvolver formulações mais amigas do ambiente. É importante notar ainda que, considerando o exemplo estudado, esta modificação do modus operandi no desenvolvimento das formulações não implicaria perda de eficácia do produto final.
A potentially abusive use of plant protection products with consequent environmental effects has been reported. Thus, the development of more efficient and environmentally friendlier products is a major challenge nowadays. In this context, the main objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the toxicity of formulants or adjuvants used in the commercial products using a model herbicide (Winner Top®), in order to verify whether they are as inert as they are supposed to be; (ii) to develop a new methodology to rule the formulation of commercial products focused at the manipulation of the ratio between its constituents that can maintain the efficacy against the target pests but having reduced environmental toxicity. Winner Top®’s active ingredients (nicosulfuron and terbuthylazine) were tested singly and in mixture, considering the ratio used in the commercial formulation and alternative ratios. The commercial formulation was also tested to assess the contribution of formulants to the overall toxicity of the herbicide. Two microalgae (Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris) and two macrophytes (Lemna minor and Lemna gibba) were used as non-target organisms in these tests intending to evaluate growth inhibition. A vegetative vigour test was also performed with a target organism, the purslane (Portulaca oleracea), in order to test the efficacy of alternative formulations to that used in the commercial product. These formulations were established taking into account the concentrations of each ingredient that did not have intolerable effects on Lemna minor. Single chemical tests revealed that terbuthylazine was the strongest microalgae growth inhibitor and nicosulfuron was the strongest macrophyte growth inhibitor. On the other hand, the mixture of the a.i.s at the formulation ratio was apparently more toxic than the commercial formulation, thus Winner Top® formulants are not inert. On the other hand, mixture toxicity tests indicated that the combination of the active ingredients has a effect-level dependent antagonistic action in inhibiting the growth of non-target organisms. These evidences reinforce the need to consider the formulations, rather than only their isolated components, in risk assessment prior to the authorization for pesticides marketing. The efficacy against the target species of tested alternative formulations was equivalent or higher than that of the commercial formulation. Moreover, one of the active ingredients does not add any relevant lethal potential to the formulation. These results suggest that the rational manipulation of the ratio between formulation components, based on expected environmental effects, may be an alternative for agrochemical industries that aim to develop environmentally friendly formulations. Considering the present example, it is also noteworthy that this modification of the modus operandi in the development of pesticide formulations does not necessarily imply losses in efficacy.
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傅秀蘭. "Sexual RReproduction in Utricularia Gibba L." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16509073468020007396.
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碩士國立成功大學
生物學研究所
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Utricularia gibba L. (syn. U. exoleta R. Br.) is a suspended aquatic plant with carnivorous habit. Floral morphogenesis as well as pollen and embryo sac development in ultrastructural and histochemical aspacts are investigated to elucidate its breeding behaviour. The floral organogeny of U. gibba is generally similar to that of other investigated species in the genus. The development of anther wall is a dicotyledonous type. The callose wall is only present at early microspore tetrad. First vacuolation and intine systhesis occur at the late tetrad. Occasionally pollen grains with an unuaual incompletely seperating wall can be observed since the late bicellular stage. The secretory tapetum is responsible for the secretion of filament material, that causes the release of microspore, the production of the locoular fluid, and the formation of the exine precusors. The ovules are anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate. During ontogeny, the nucellus cells near the micropylar end degenerate and in the same time the embryo sac extends beyond the ovule to contact with the placental nutrient tissue at 2-nucelate embryo sac stage. Hence a true micropyle is absent in U. gibba, whereas a narrow and long passage is still present between the integument and the placenta outside the disappeared micropyle. The embryo sac development is Polygonum-type and typical for the genus except that the egg apparatus is situated at the antiraphe side near the micropylar end. The pathway of pollen tubes during pollination and fertilization is also observed. The pollen in situ germination, the position of anther facing to the funcitonal stigmatic lobe at dehiscence, and the synchronic maturation of both male and female gemetophytes may be the characteristics which promote the self-pollination. But during the flowering season, the corolla normally falls in two days at anthesis and the stamens may fall with corolla before dehiscence. End of flowering season, in contract, corolla keep attached. Therefore the anthers dehiscence in situ. Consequently, the timing for anther dehiscence together with the falling of corolla could influence the breeding behavior in U. gibba.
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"Estratégias Para Difusão de Um Ambiente Virtual Para Comércio Eletrônico Via Internet." Tese, Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, 1999. http://www.eps.ufsc.br/disserta99/giana/index.htm.
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Ueckermann, Anabel. "Impacts of Mixtures of Copper and 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone on Physiology and Gene Expression in Lemna gibba L.G-3." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3871.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals are co-contaminants of aquatic environments near industrial and urbanized areas. Mixtures could result in synergistic toxicity impairing macrophyte growth and potentially causing bioaccumulation and biomagnification throughout the ecosystem. In this study, combinations of 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,2-dhATQ) and copper (Cu) at low concentrations synergistically inhibited Lemna gibba (duckweed) growth. Further analysis using fluorescence techniques showed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon Cu exposures possibly through redox cycling in the chloroplasts. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) and fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF) indicated that plants exposed to 1,2-dhATQ had impaired photosynthetic electron transport that manifested as a decrease in the yield of photosynthesis and change in the redox status of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. At the gene expression level acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC), a key enzyme in membrane repair, and serine decarboxylase (SDC), another enzyme needed for membrane repair were up-regulated in response to copper and 1,2-dhATQ, respectively. The mechanism for mixtures toxicity is thought to involve the reduced PQ pool which could serve as a source of electrons for copper redox cycling thereby increasing ROS production and causing synergistic growth inhibition. When the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was added, copper toxicity was ameliorated but 1,2-dhATQ toxicity increased possibly through formation of reactive conjugates or suppression of the native antioxidant system. This study emphasizes that mixtures of toxicants at low concentrations can cause more biological damage than individual toxicants via alterations of the redox status and increases in ROS production.
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"Physiological effects of ethylene glycol-induced cribriform frond structure in Lemna gibba." Tulane University, 1998.
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The inevitable fate of much of the ethylene glycol used for deicing bridges, aircraft and airport runways, and from leaking and overheating automobile radiators is as runoff to adjacent surface waters which commonly contain higher plants, including members of the duckweed family, the Lemnaceae. However, ethylene glycol is usually thought of as being a relatively benign pollutant and therefore its effects on higher plants have received little attention. The EC50 for ethylene glycol with respect to the inhibition of frond reproduction in axenically-grown Lemna gibba is 176 mM. HPLC and GC/MS studies indicate that ethylene glycol is not metabolized by duckweed. However, after having grown in the presence of ethylene glycol, the fronds of L. gibba are a darker green, translucent color, tend to sink, and generated gas bubbles in their growth media. It is hypothesized that these effects are due to a disruption by ethylene glycol of the pectin layer between cells as evidenced by the appearance of intercellular gaps in the aerenchymatous tissues. Other polyols, including propylene glycol and glycerol, produced the same effects as ethylene glycol. The result of the creation of the intercellular gaps is to increase the uptake of solutes and water from the growth media into the intercellular air spaces. The enhanced uptake of water caused the fronds to sink as well as change the optical properties which resulted in the darker green appearance. The enhanced uptake of nutrients led to the stimulation of growth at concentrations of ethylene glycol below 80 mM. The enhanced uptake of sucrose led to enhanced metabolism and an increased evolution of carbon dioxide as reflected by the bubbles in the growth media. However, the enhanced uptake of organic and inorganic pollutants led to their enhanced toxicities. Therefore, though ethylene glycol may be of relatively low direct toxicity, it can through various interactions, potentiate the toxicities of other pollutantsacase@tulane.edu
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"Impact of ethylene glycol on uptake, accumulation and metabolic processes in Lemna gibba." Tulane University, 2000.
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Lemna gibba was used as a model aquatic angiosperm to study the effects of ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol, usually thought of as a benign pollutant, was shown to cause a phenomenon that was termed the polyol effect. Poly(ethylene glycol)s with carbon chain lengths of less than 34 residues, as well as two ethers of ethylene glycol, also elicited the polyol effect Although ethylene glycol was not extremely toxic (acute toxicities in the mM rather than muM or nM range), it interacted synergistically with other organic chemicals to tentiate their toxicities. Thus, the toxicity of naphthalene was enhanced in the presence of ethylene glycol but, due to the volatility of naphthalene, experiments to demonstrate that ethylene glycol also enhanced the metabolism of naphthalene were inconclusive A spectroradiometric method was devised to quantify the polyol effect. The threshold concentration of ethylene glycol at which the polyol effect could be detected by this method was between 35 and 40 mM. The earliest developmental time for the detection of ethylene glycol stress was between the second and third generation of daughter fronds. The spectroradiometric methods that were developed for measuring ethylene glycol stress were shown to be considerably more sensitive and reproducible than any other available method. Spectroradiometry, using the duckweeds as bioindicators, could provide a relatively quick, sensitive monitoring technique for aquatic pollution of various kinds The toxicities of thorium and cadmium were not potentiated by ethylene glycol and neither were their uptakes. Both control and ethylene glycol-grown fronds absorbed thorium. Only a small portion of the absorbed thorium was leachable indicating that thorium uptake was either a result of active cellular uptake or binding to external cell surfaces. However, thorium absorption by dead L. gibba fronds was equally fast showing that uptake was a result of biosorption rather than active cell processes. DRIFTS analysis of thorium-loaded fronds revealed that thorium was bonded to carboxylic sites. Sugar cane bagasse was also able to remove thorium from an aqueous medium suggesting that plant materials in general could be highly effective absorbents for the remediation of actinide pollutionacase@tulane.edu
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Sordini, Roberto. "Calibration activity in support of GIADA, part of the ESA/Rosetta Spacecraft payload." Tesi di dottorato, 2014. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/9995/1/sordini_roberto_26.pdf.
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Comets formed about 4.6 billion years ago from the Pre-Solar Nebula and spent most of their existence in the outer and colder regions of the Solar System, beyond the Neptune’s orbit. These small celestial bodies, with masses ranging between 1014g and 1021g, could be considered the cosmo-chemical record of the primordial Solar Nebula. Therefore studying comets means investigating the physic-chemical properties of the material that formed the Solar System. With the aim of exploring the nature and the composition of these fascinating objects, several cometary space missions have been realized since the 1980’s. The first comet to be observed by a space probe, the NASA/ISEE 3 spacecraft, was comet 21P/Giacobini-Zimmer in 1985. One year after comet 1P/Halley was deeply studied by five different space probes: Vega 1 and Vega 2 (Soviet Union), Sakigake and Suisei (Japan), and GIOTTO (ESA). More recently two NASA missions, Deep Space 1 and Stardust, observed comet 19P/Borrelly and 81P/Wild 2, respectively, showing a considerable and unexpected mineral diversity in these objects. Despite the improvements provided by all these space missions, our knowledge about cometary nuclei, comae and activity remains rather primitive in many aspects.
An incredible opportunity to make a critical step forward in cometary science and more in general in the knowledge of the Solar System origin is represented by the ESA space mission, Rosetta (Chapter 1). Thanks to the encounter with 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG), Rosetta will allow an extensive study of the mineral variety present in this Jupiter Family comet. Moreover this mission, for the first time, will undertake a comet long-term monitoring at close quarters along its orbit, allowing the study of the comet behaviour from the moment the cometary activity will start, when it will reach its maximum at perihelion and after it when it will slowly decrease.
Among the instruments mounted on-board Rosetta, there is the Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) developed with the aim of studying the cometary dust environment, the evolution of the dust flow and the dynamics of each single grain as a function of time and position, i.e. at variable distances of the spacecraft from the nucleus and of the comet from the Sun.
GIADA is designed as a single instrument composed of three different detection sub-systems:
1- Grain Detection System (GDS): detects each incoming grain, providing its optical equivalent size and measuring its speed, without affecting its dynamical properties.
2- Impact Sensor (IS): measures the momentum released from each grain impacting its sensitive surface.
3- Micro-Balances System (MBS): a network of five Quartz Crystal Microbalances, pointing toward different directions, that measure the cumulative dust deposition in time and monitor the dust flux ejected from the comet.
Thanks to its features, described in Chapter 2, GIADA will contribute to the achievement of two of the five Main Goals assigned to the Rosetta space mission:
- Define the physical properties and interrelation of volatiles and refractories in a cometary nucleus;
- Study the development of cometary activity and processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and in the inner coma (dust-gas interaction).
Rosetta was launched on the 2nd March 2004 and will reach, at a distance of 4 AU from the Sun, the comet 67P/CG on May 2014, after a long trek lasted 10 years around the Sun. In order to limit power and fuel consumption, and to minimise operating costs, Rosetta was put in hibernation on the 8th of January 2011. The seven years after launch and prior to hibernation are called Cruise Phase. During the Cruise Phase 13 Payload Checkouts (PCs) have been executed in order to verify the instruments functionalities and to perform the maintenance. GIADA detection sub-systems were switched on to monitor their health state and verify their performances. The results of the analysis of the data collected by GIADA during these tests, reported in Chapter 3, show that GIADA functionalities and performances have maintained their nominal behaviour; only the cover mechanism showed a non-nominal behaviour, which had a small impact on the microbalance sub-system: contamination deposited on the QCM because of the cover remained open caused a small decrease of their dynamical range. This will not affect the GIADA measurement capability during the Rosetta comet encounter and escort phase.
Rosetta has awakened from hibernation on the 20th January 2014 and now its payloads are undergoing the post-hibernation commissioning, a phase devoted to the instruments re-activation-maintenance and checkout activities in preparation to the rendez-vous with comet 67P/CG. GIADA has successfully executed its first post-hibernation commissioning on the 27th March 2014.
In preparation to comet encounter, the GIADA Team planned an extended calibration activity (Chapter 4) devoted to create a database of the sub-systems response to different kind of cometary dust analogue grains (composition, mineralogy, ice and carbon coatings) that will be used to support the analysis of the data that GIADA will collect during the comet phase. This activity was planned taking into account the new knowledge on cometary dust composition reached after the NASA/Stardust space mission. In order to well characterize the instrument responsivity with respect to realistic cometary analogue materials, some dust samples were prepared, taking into account the GIADA sub-systems sensitivities (GDS and IS), in four distinct size classes: 20 μm<Ø<50 μm, 50 μm<Ø<100 μm, 100 μm<Ø<250 μm and 250 μm<Ø<500 μm. Single grains of these selected materials were shot into the GIADA Proto Flight Model, i.e. the spare of the instrument on board Rosetta operating in a clean room in our laboratory, with velocities in the range 1-100 ms-1. In order to capture, manipulate and shoot these small grains, an innovative Electrostatic Micromanipulator has been developed. The use of this tool resulted to be very useful during the calibration activities. In addition, two new empirical methods were developed with the aim to improve the capability of reconstructing the IS impact position and the GDS crossing position of each single grain entering into GIADA. These are key issues to scale the signal detected by the two sub-systems using the sensitivity maps measured during the pre-launch calibrations. The method developed for the GDS measurements was used during the present calibration activity with cometary dust analogues that led to the assembly of the calibration curves for each different material.
The results obtained after the work performed during the three years of PhD represent a significant step forward within the GIADA project that will surely critically contribute to make GIADA performances, data acquisition and reduction a success.
30
Kneip, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Sphaeroidkörper der Diatomee Rhopalodia gibba : obligate Endosymbionten zur molekularen Stickstofffixierung / vorgelegt von Christoph Kneip." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973699604/34.
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Daniel, David Matias. "Assessment of single and combined effects of two pharmaceuticals in non-target species: evaluation of possible interactions." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29062.
Full textAbstract:
Increase in life quality is partially linked to the use of pharmaceuticals. These are used in several areas and represent a great advancement in disease treatment and population welfare. Nevertheless, the increase in pharmaceutical usage lead to an increase in the detection of these compounds in the water courses. This happens because wastewater treatment plants are unable to fully remove these contaminants. From the most detected classes in the environment are non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are used as analgesics, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. An example of this class is salicylic acid (SA) which similar to this class acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX). Which, in its turn is responsible for the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. From an environmental point of view, another class of interest, is that of the diuretics, particularly the subgroup of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Pharmacologically, this class acts by inhibiting the activity of enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). This enzyme is responsible for acid-base balance in organisms as well as key processes such as carbon obtention in plants, calcium mobilization in arthropods among others. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effects of environmental realistic concentrations of ACZ and SA (individually and in mixture) in non-target species (namely Lemna gibba, Mytilus spp.,and Phorcus lineatus) using biomarkers (enzymes such as CA, COX), photosynthetic pigments and biometrics. Photosynthetic pigments from L. gibba showed ACZ capacity to inhibit their synthesis. Nevertheless, in mixture with SA, these effects were reversed, showing the phyto-protection capacity of SA. In organisms from the genus Mytilus spp. exposure to ACZ display the capacity of this pharmaceutical to inhibit CA, especially in gills. When in mixture, the decrease in COX activity suggest ACZ modulates SA excretion. Finally, in organisms from P. lineatus the here tested pharmaceuticals did not caused any straightforward pattern in evaluated enzymes. In conclusion, pharmaceuticals can have different effects in different organisms. Being pharmaceutical mixture here tested capable of being beneficial to plants (by reversed photosynthetic pigment reduction) or be harmful in mussels (increased inhibition of COX activity).O aumento da qualidade e da esperança média de vida têm sido em parte relacionados com o uso de fármacos. Estes são usados nas mais variadas áreas de atividade humana, e representam um grande avanço no tratamento de doenças e no bem-estar das populações. Contudo, este aumento do uso de fármacos tem levado a um aumento da frequência de deteção dos mesmos em ecossistemas aquáticos. Isto deve-se, entre outras razões, à incapacidade das estações de tratamento de águas residuais de removerem na totalidade estes compostos. De entre as classes mais usadas e encontradas no ambiente, podem identificar-se os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs), que correspondem a medicamentos largamente usados a nível global como analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e antipiréticos. Um exemplo desta classe é o ácido salicílico. À semelhança dos restantes compostos da classe onde se insere, o ácido salicílico é um inibidor da enzima cicloxigenase (COX), que é responsável pela síntese de mediadores de inflamação e pirogénicos, nomeadamente prostaglandinas e tromboxanos. Do ponto de vista ambiental, existe uma outra classe de fármacos que é igualmente importante, mas para a qual não existe um manancial de dados muito extenso. Esta classe, a dos diuréticos, caracteriza-se não pela sua abundância, mas pela sua capacidade de afetar pontos críticos em vias metabólicas de organismos não alvo, ou pela possibilidade de modelar a toxicidade de outros fármacos. De entre os diuréticos mais importantes, destacam-se particularmente os do subgrupo dos inibidores da anidrase carbónica, enzima que é responsável pelo equilibro ácido-base nos organismos bem como outros processos chave, entre eles a fixação de carbono pelas plantas, e a disponibilidade de cálcio em artrópodes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de concentrações ambientalmente relevantes de acetazolamida (ACZ) e do ácido salicílico (SA) (individualmente e em mistura binárias) em organismos não-alvo (nomeadamente Lemna gibba, Mytilus spp. e Phorcus lineatus) usando marcadores bioquímicos (enzimas como a CA, COX), dados biométricos e pigmentos fotossintéticos. Dados de pigmentos fotossintéticos, nomeadamente clorofilas, determinados em L. gibba mostraram a capacidade da ACZ em inibir a sua síntese. No entanto em mistura com o SA, estes efeitos foram revertidos, mostrando o potencial de fito-proteção deste fármaco. Em indivíduos do género Mytilus, exposição a ACZ demonstrou a capacidade deste fármaco em inibir a CA principalmente nas brânquias. Por outro lado, a exposição à mistura de ambos os fármacos levaram a um aumento da inibição da COX no manto, sugerindo uma modulação pela ACZ na permanência e excreção do SA em organismos deste género. Finalmente, indivíduos da espécie Phorcus lineatus não registaram alterações nos padrões de biomarcadores avaliados. Em conclusão, os fármacos (nomeadamente SA e ACZ) podem ter efeitos muito diferentes em organismos distintos, sendo que a mistura dos fármacos aqui testados parece ser benéfica na planta (invertendo a redução dos conteúdos de pigmentos fotossintéticos causados pela exposição a ACZ) e prejudicial no mexilhão (a co-exposição aos dois compostos acentuou a inibição da COX). Assim podemos concluir que os efeitos causados por fármacos podem variar de organismo para organismo bem como na extensão dos danos causados pela interação/modulação de vários contaminantes. O que pode levar a alterações nos indivíduos o que pode provocar alterações na função ecológica das espécies.
Mestrado em Eco-toxicologia e Análise de Risco
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Alkimin, Gilberto Dias de. "Effects of pharmaceutical drugs in freshwater species: integrated use of biochemical, physiological and populational tools." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30439.
Full textAbstract:
Potential risks posed by pharmaceuticals, may result in adverse effects in
environmentally exposed species, which need to be studied. Thus, the main
objective of this thesis was to understand the effect of two classes of
pharmaceutical compounds (neuroactive, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs) on species of aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, namely,
producers (Lemna species) and a consumer of first order (microcrustaceans -
Daphnia magna). Same specific questions were posed to address this issue:
Are non-standard endpoints suitable to study pharmaceutical effects in
macrophyte species? Is time of exposure a factor that can influence the type of
biological response to pharmaceuticals, measured in macrophyte species?
What type of interactions and responses might be obtained after co-exposing
macrophytes to two drugs, being one of them also an endogenous compound?,
Can a pharmaceutical compound provoke the same effects (type and extent) in
organisms from different trophic levels? How D. magna functional endpoints
respond to the chemical (pharmaceutical) and natural stress (fish kairomone),
isolated and in combination? These objectives were addressed along five
chapters, by using standard and non-standard ecotoxicological approaches
from the individual to the populational level through an integrated use of
physiological, biochemical and populational tools. The obtained results showed
that the use of organisms of the same genus (but from different species) in
ecotoxicological testing of chemicals may result in different results as to their
toxicity; we concluded that plant-based, non-standard ecotoxicological
parameters are suitable and promising tools for ecotoxicological evaluation of
pharmaceuticals. It was also possible to observe that time is a factor that
contributes to the toxicity of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic plants, by
modulating not only the extent of the toxic response, but especially the type of
the toxic effects. A contaminant that also is an endogenous compound
produced by plants can modulate the challenged macrophyte species
responses. In general, pharmaceutical drugs showed an eminently speciesspecific toxicity, whose effects were altered according to the type of drug, its
levels, duration of exposure, and co-occurrence of other bioactive substances
in the media. And finally, the results presented the capacity of interaction
between an anthropogenic and natural stressor influencing in microcrustaceans
responses to these stressors. In conclusion, pharmaceutical drugs have been
shown be very toxic to aquatic organisms; the use of aquatic plants in
ecotoxicological assessments is thus a valuable tool, whose use requires the
proposal of novel methodologies and test guidelines, or the revision of already
in place standard methods, considering their overall advantages as test
organisms. In addition, increased ecological relevance of data obtained from
crustacean-based tests must encompass the co-occurrence of natural
stressors, whose effects go well beyond toxicity by itself, by changing the life
traits of exposed organisms, thereby altering population features of exposed
organisms. New experimental designs and approaches need be developed and
applied to try understanding the toxicological effects of a complex environment
as aquatic ecosystems, principally, when considering the use aquatic plant
species, and freshwater crustaceans as test organisms.Os riscos potenciais apresentados pelos produtos farmacêuticos podem resultar em efeitos adversos em espécies ambientalmente expostas, que precisam ser estudadas. Assim, o principal objetivo desta tese foi compreender o efeito de duas classes de compostos farmacêuticos (anti-inflamatórios não esteróides e neuroativos) em espécies de organismos aquáticos de diferentes níveis tróficos, produtores (Lemna spp.) e um consumidor de primeira ordem (microcrustáceo - D. magna). Sendo assim, algumas questões foram elaboradas para abordar esta questão: os parâmetros não padronizados são adequados para estudar os efeitos de compostos farmacêuticos em espécies de macrófitas? O tempo de exposição é um fator que pode influenciar o tipo de resposta biológica aos produtos farmacêuticos, avaliados em espécies de macrófitas? Que tipo de interações e respostas podem ser obtidas após a coexposição de macrófitas a dois medicamentos, sendo um deles também um composto endógeno? Um composto farmacêutico pode provocar os mesmos efeitos (tipo e extensão) em organismos de diferentes níveis tróficos? Como endpoints funcionais de D. magna respondem ao estresse químico (farmacêutico) e natural (kairomona de peixe), isolado e em combinação? Esses objetivos foram desenvolvidos ao longo de cinco capítulos, usando abordagens ecotoxicológicas padrão e não padronizadas, do indivíduo ao nível populacional, através do uso integrado de ferramentas fisiológicas, bioquímicas e populacionais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o uso de organismos do mesmo gênero (mas de espécies diferentes) em testes ecotoxicológicos de produtos farmacêuticos pode gerar resultados diferentes quanto à sua toxicidade; concluímos que parâmetros ecotoxicológicos não padronizados, baseados em plantas aquáticas, são ferramentas adequadas e promissoras para avaliação ecotoxicológica de produtos farmacêuticos. Também foi possível observar que o tempo é um fator que contribui para a toxicidade de fármacos em plantas aquáticas, modulando não apenas a extensão da resposta tóxica, mas principalmente o tipo dos efeitos tóxicos. Um contaminante que também é um composto endógeno produzido pelas plantas pode modular as respostas das espécies de macrófitas submetidas a um stress. Em geral, os medicamentos mostraram uma toxicidade eminentemente espécie-específica, cujos efeitos foram alterados de acordo com o tipo de medicamento, seus níveis, duração da exposição e co-ocorrência de outras substâncias bioativas no meio. E, finalmente, os resultados apresentaram a capacidade de interação entre um estressor antropogênico e natural, influenciando nas respostas dos microcrustáceos aos mesmos. Em conclusão, as drogas farmacêuticas têm se mostrado muito tóxicas para os organismos aquáticos; o uso de plantas aquáticas em avaliações ecotoxicológicas é, portanto, uma ferramenta valiosa, cujo uso requer a proposta de novas metodologias e diretrizes de teste ou a revisão de métodos padrão já em vigor, considerando suas vantagens gerais como organismos-teste. Além disso, a crescente relevância ecológica dos dados obtidos em testes baseados em crustáceos deve abranger a co-ocorrência de estressores naturais, cujos efeitos vão muito além da toxicidade por si só, alterando as características de vida dos organismos expostos, alterando assim as propriedades da população dos organismos expostos. Novos desenhos e abordagens experimentais precisam ser desenvolvidos e aplicados para tentar entender os efeitos toxicológicos de um ambiente complexo como ecossistemas aquáticos, principalmente quando se considera o uso de espécies de plantas aquáticas e crustáceos de água doce como organismos-teste.
Programa Doutoral em Biologia e Ecologia das Alterações Globais
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"A cogeração como difusão de um processo de inovação tecnológica e estratégica empresarial no setor sucroalcooleiro: o caso da Destilaria Giasa." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPE, 2003. http://www.bdtd.ufpe.br/tedeSimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=385.
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Branco, Francisco Ricardo Lacerda. "Avaliação do potencial de duas espécies de lentilha-de-água Lemna minor e Lemna gibba na remoção de nutrientes em efluente aquícola." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/65446.
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Branco, Francisco Ricardo Lacerda. "Avaliação do potencial de duas espécies de lentilha-de-água Lemna minor e Lemna gibba na remoção de nutrientes em efluente aquícola." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/65446.
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Nansook, Ahsha. "An investigation into sustainable development limits for densification close to natural resources : a case study of Giba Gorge, eThekwini Municipal Area." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/376.
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