Relevant bibliographies by topics / GGGGCC repeats

Academic literature on the topic 'GGGGCC repeats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "GGGGCC repeats":

1

Jiao, Bin, Mengli Wang, Hao Feng, Han Bao, Feiran Zhang, Hao Wu, Junling Wang, Beisha Tang, Peng Jin, and Lu Shen. "Downregulation of TOP2 modulates neurodegeneration caused by GGGGCC expanded repeats." Human Molecular Genetics 30, no. 10 (March 22, 2021): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab079.

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Abstract GGGGCC repeats in a non-coding region of the C9orf72 gene have been identified as a major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. We previously showed that the GGGGCC expanded repeats alone were sufficient to cause neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Recent evidence indicates that GGGGCC expanded repeats can modify various gene transcriptomes. To determine the role of these genes in GGGGCC-mediated neurotoxicity, we screened an established Drosophila model expressing GGGGCC expanded repeats in this study. Our results showed that knockdown of the DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) gene can specifically modulate GGGGCC-associated neurodegeneration of the eye. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Top2 or siRNA-induced Top2 downregulation could alleviate the GGGGCC-mediated neurotoxicity in Drosophila assessed by eye neurodegeneration and locomotion impairment. By contrast, upregulated Top2 levels were detected in Drosophila strains, and moreover, TOP2A level was also upregulated in Neuro-2a cells expressing GGGGCC expanded repeats, as well as in the brains of Sod1G93A model mice. This indicated that elevated levels of TOP2A may be involved in a pathway common to the pathophysiology of distinct ALS forms. Moreover, through RNA-sequencing, a total of 67 genes, involved in the pathways of intracellular signaling cascades, peripheral nervous system development, and others, were identified as potential targets of TOP2A to modulate GGGGCC-mediated neurodegeneration.
2

Liu, Xiaole, Xinyue Zhao, Jinhan He, Sishi Wang, Xinfei Shen, Qingfeng Liu, and Shenlin Wang. "Advances in the Structure of GGGGCC Repeat RNA Sequence and Its Interaction with Small Molecules and Protein Partners." Molecules 28, no. 15 (August 1, 2023): 5801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155801.

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The aberrant expansion of GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeats within the first intron of the C9orf72 gene represent the predominant genetic etiology underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontal temporal dementia (FTD). The transcribed r(GGGGCC)n RNA repeats form RNA foci, which recruit RNA binding proteins and impede their normal cellular functions, ultimately resulting in fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the non-canonical translation of the r(GGGGCC)n sequence can generate dipeptide repeats, which have been postulated as pathological causes. Comprehensive structural analyses of r(GGGGCC)n have unveiled its polymorphic nature, exhibiting the propensity to adopt dimeric, hairpin, or G-quadruplex conformations, all of which possess the capacity to interact with RNA binding proteins. Small molecules capable of binding to r(GGGGCC)n have been discovered and proposed as potential lead compounds for the treatment of ALS and FTD. Some of these molecules function in preventing RNA–protein interactions or impeding the phase transition of r(GGGGCC)n. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the recent advancements in the structural characterization of r(GGGGCC)n, its propensity to form RNA foci, and its interactions with small molecules and proteins. Specifically, we emphasize the structural diversity of r(GGGGCC)n and its influence on partner binding. Given the crucial role of r(GGGGCC)n in the pathogenesis of ALS and FTD, the primary objective of this review is to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions targeting r(GGGGCC)n RNA.
3

van ‘t Spijker, Heleen M., Emily E. Stackpole, Sandra Almeida, Olga Katsara, Botao Liu, Kuang Shen, Robert J. Schneider, Fen-Biao Gao, and Joel D. Richter. "Ribosome profiling reveals novel regulation of C9ORF72 GGGGCC repeat-containing RNA translation." RNA 28, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.078963.121.

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GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in the first intron of C9ORF72 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Repeat-containing RNA is translated into dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, some of which are neurotoxic. Using dynamic ribosome profiling, we identified three translation initiation sites in the intron upstream of (G4C2) repeats; these sites are detected irrespective of the presence or absence of the repeats. During translocation, ribosomes appear to be stalled on the repeats. An AUG in the preceding C9ORF72 exon initiates a uORF that inhibits downstream translation. Polysome isolation indicates that unspliced (G4C2) repeat-containing RNA is a substrate for DPR protein synthesis. (G4C2) repeat-containing RNA translation is 5′ cap-independent but inhibited by the initiation factor DAP5, suggesting an interplay with uORF function. These results define novel translational mechanisms of expanded (G4C2) repeat-containing RNA in disease.
4

Babić Leko, Mirjana, Vera Župunski, Jason Kirincich, Dinko Smilović, Tibor Hortobágyi, Patrick R. Hof, and Goran Šimić. "Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration Related to C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion." Behavioural Neurology 2019 (January 15, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2909168.

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Two clinically distinct diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), have recently been classified as two extremes of the FTD/ALS spectrum. The neuropathological correlate of FTD is frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), characterized by tau-, TDP-43-, and FUS-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions. An earlier discovery that a hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene causes ALS and FTD established a special subtype of ALS and FTLD with TDP-43 pathology (C9FTD/ALS). Normal individuals carry 2–10 hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeats in the C9orf72 gene, while more than a few hundred repeats represent a risk for ALS and FTD. The proposed molecular mechanisms by which C9orf72 repeat expansions induce neurodegenerative changes are C9orf72 loss-of-function through haploinsufficiency, RNA toxic gain-of-function, and gain-of-function through the accumulation of toxic dipeptide repeat proteins. However, many more cellular processes are affected by pathological processes in C9FTD/ALS, including nucleocytoplasmic transport, RNA processing, normal function of nucleolus, formation of membraneless organelles, translation, ubiquitin proteasome system, Notch signalling pathway, granule transport, and normal function of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Although the exact molecular mechanisms through which C9orf72 repeat expansions account for neurodegeneration have not been elucidated, some potential therapeutics, such as antisense oligonucleotides targeting hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeats in mRNA, were successful in preclinical trials and are awaiting phase 1 clinical trials. In this review, we critically discuss each proposed mechanism and provide insight into the most recent studies aiming to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of C9FTD/ALS.
5

Hatanaka, Yukari, Tomohiro Umeda, Keiko Shigemori, Toshihide Takeuchi, Yoshitaka Nagai, and Takami Tomiyama. "C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion-Related Neuropathology Is Attenuated by Nasal Rifampicin in Mice." Biomedicines 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051080.

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The non-coding GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in C9orf72 gene is a dominant cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This intronic mutation elicits the formation of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions containing RNA, RNA-binding proteins, and HRE-derived dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), leading to neurodegeneration via the gain-of-toxic function or loss-of-function of relevant proteins. Using C9-500 mice harboring ~500 repeats of the GGGGCC sequence in human C9orf72 gene, we investigated the effects of rifampicin against HRE-related pathological phenotypes. Rifampicin was administered intranasally to 4.5- to 5-month-old mice for 1 month, and their cognitive function and neuropathology were assessed by the Morris water maze test and immunohistochemical staining. Rifampicin treatment reduced the formation of RNA foci and cytoplasmic inclusions containing DPRs or phosphorylated TDP-43, and furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated double-strand RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) that regulates repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. Synapse loss in the hippocampus and neuronal loss and microglial activation in the prefrontal and motor cortices were also attenuated, and mouse memory was significantly improved. Our findings suggest a therapeutic potential of nasal rifampicin in the prevention of C9orf72-linked neurodegenerative disorders.
6

Zhang, Yong-Jie, Lin Guo, Patrick K. Gonzales, Tania F. Gendron, Yanwei Wu, Karen Jansen-West, Aliesha D. O’Raw, et al. "Heterochromatin anomalies and double-stranded RNA accumulation underlie C9orf72 poly(PR) toxicity." Science 363, no. 6428 (February 14, 2019): eaav2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2606.

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How hexanucleotide GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansions in C9orf72 cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not understood. We developed a mouse model engineered to express poly(PR), a proline-arginine (PR) dipeptide repeat protein synthesized from expanded G4C2 repeats. The expression of green fluorescent protein–conjugated (PR)50 (a 50-repeat PR protein) throughout the mouse brain yielded progressive brain atrophy, neuron loss, loss of poly(PR)-positive cells, and gliosis, culminating in motor and memory impairments. We found that poly(PR) bound DNA, localized to heterochromatin, and caused heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) liquid-phase disruptions, decreases in HP1α expression, abnormal histone methylation, and nuclear lamina invaginations. These aberrations of histone methylation, lamins, and HP1α, which regulate heterochromatin structure and gene expression, were accompanied by repetitive element expression and double-stranded RNA accumulation. Thus, we uncovered mechanisms by which poly(PR) may contribute to the pathogenesis of C9orf72-associated FTD and ALS.
7

Haeusler, Aaron R. "Nucleotide Structural Polymorphisms Formed by GGGGCC Repeats Cause C9orf72 Abortive Transcription and Nucleolar Stress." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 488a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4477.

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8

Teng, Ye, Ming Zhu, and Zhidong Qiu. "G-quadruplexes in Repeat Expansion Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032375.

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The repeat expansions are the main genetic cause of various neurodegeneration diseases. More than ten kinds of repeat sequences with different lengths, locations, and structures have been confirmed in the past two decades. G-rich repeat sequences, such as CGG and GGGGCC, are reported to form functional G-quadruplexes, participating in many important bioprocesses. In this review, we conducted an overview concerning the contribution of G-quadruplex in repeat expansion disorders and summarized related mechanisms in current pathological studies, including the increasing genetic instabilities in replication and transcription, the toxic RNA foci formed in neurons, and the loss/gain function of proteins and peptides. Furthermore, novel strategies targeting G-quadruplex repeats were developed based on the understanding of disease mechanism. Small molecules and proteins binding to G-quadruplex in repeat expansions were investigated to protect neurons from dysfunction and delay the progression of neurodegeneration. In addition, the effects of environment on the stability of G-quadruplex were discussed, which might be critical factors in the pathological study of repeat expansion disorders.
9

Balendra, Rubika, Igor Ruiz de los Mozos, Hana M. Odeh, Idoia Glaria, Carmelo Milioto, Katherine M. Wilson, Agnieszka M. Ule, et al. "Transcriptome-wide RNA binding analysis of C9orf72 poly(PR) dipeptides." Life Science Alliance 6, no. 9 (July 12, 2023): e202201824. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201824.

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An intronic GGGGCC repeat expansion inC9orf72is a common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The repeats are transcribed in both sense and antisense directions to generate distinct dipeptide repeat proteins, of which poly(GA), poly(GR), and poly(PR) have been implicated in contributing to neurodegeneration. Poly(PR) binding to RNA may contribute to toxicity, but analysis of poly(PR)-RNA binding on a transcriptome-wide scale has not yet been carried out. We therefore performed crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) analysis in human cells to identify the RNA binding sites of poly(PR). We found that poly(PR) binds to nearly 600 RNAs, with the sequence GAAGA enriched at the binding sites. In vitro experiments showed that poly(GAAGA) RNA binds poly(PR) with higher affinity than control RNA and induces the phase separation of poly(PR) into condensates. These data indicate that poly(PR) preferentially binds to poly(GAAGA)-containing RNAs, which may have physiological consequences.
10

Reddy, Kaalak, Monika H. M. Schmidt, Jaimie M. Geist, Neha P. Thakkar, Gagan B. Panigrahi, Yuh-Hwa Wang, and Christopher E. Pearson. "Processing of double-R-loops in (CAG)·(CTG) and C9orf72 (GGGGCC)·(GGCCCC) repeats causes instability." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 16 (August 21, 2014): 10473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku658.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'GGGGCC repeats' for particular source types:
Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GGGGCC repeats":

1

taki, motahareh. "DEVELOPING PROBES FOR LABEL-FREE DETECTION OF HEXANUCLEOTIDE GGGGCC REPEATS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2634.

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DNA repeat expansion sequences cause a myriad of neurological diseases when they expand beyond a critical threshold. Previous electrochemical approaches focused on the detection of trinucleotide repeats (CAG, CGG, and GAA) and relied on labeling of the probe and/or target strands or enzyme-linked assays. However, detection of expanded GC-rich sequences is challenging because they are prone to forming secondary structures such as cruciforms and quadruplexes. Here, we present label-free detection of hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat sequences, which cause the leading genetic form of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The approach relies on capturing targets by surface-bound oligonucleotide probes with a different number of complementary repeats, which proportionately translates the length of the target strands into charge transfer resistance (RCT) signal measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The probe carrying three tandem repeats transduces the number of repeats into RCT with a 3× higher calibration sensitivity and detection limit. Chronocoulometric measurements show a decrease in surface density with increasing repeat length, which is opposite of the impedance trend. This implies that the length of the target itself can contribute to amplification of the impedance signal independent of the surface density. Moreover, the probe can distinguish between a control and patient sequences while remaining insensitive to non-specific Huntington’s disease (CAG) repeats in the presence of a complementary target. This label-free strategy might be applied to detect the length of other neurodegenerative repeat sequences using short probes with a few complementary repeats.
2

Pietri, David. "Structure and function of the C9ORF72-SMCR8-WDR41 complex and its implication for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ087.

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La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA ou maladie de Charcot) est la troisième maladie neurodégénérative la plus répandue. La principale cause génétique de la SLA est une expansion de répétitions GGGGCC dans le gène C9ORF72, dont la protéine forme un complexe avec les protéines SMCR8 et WDR41. Afin de mieux comprendre ses fonctions moléculaires, résoudre sa structure était un objectif principal de ma thèse. En parallèle, nous avons découvert que C9ORF72 régule un mécanisme nouvellement décrit de biogenèse de nouveaux lysosomes nommé reformation autophagique des lysosomes (ALR). Ce processus a largement été investigué dans cette thèse afin de mieux comprendre sa régulation, notamment pour la régénération des lysosomes en conditions basales et de privation d’acides aminés. Mon travail révèle un nouveau partenaire du complexe C9ORF72 et une nouvelle fonction de ce complexe dans la biogenèse des lysosomes. Ces résultats pourraient ainsi expliquer le dysfonctionnement des lysosomes et la neurodégénérescence observés dans la SLA, ce qui pourrait ainsi ouvrir de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques pour cette maladie dévastatrice
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Charcot disease) is the third most common neurodegenerative disease. The main genetic cause of ALS is an expansion of GGGGCC repeats in the C9ORF72 gene which protein forms a complex with the SMCR8 and WDR41 proteins. To better understand its molecular functions, solving its structure was a main goal of my thesis. In parallel, we discovered that C9ORF72 regulates a newly described mechanism of biogenesis of newly-formed lysosomes, called autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR). This process has been extensively investigated during my thesis, in order to better understand its regulation, particularly for the regeneration of lysosomes in basal conditions and amino acid deprivation. My work reveals a new partner of the C9ORF72 complex as a novel function in lysosome biogenesis. These results could thus explain the dysfunction of lysosomes and neurodegeneration observed in ALS, which open new therapeutic ways for this devastating disease
3

Workinger, Paul M., and Paul M. Workinger. "Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with a focus on C9orf72 Hexanucleotide GGGGCC Repeat Expansion Associated ALS with Frontotemporal Dementia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625350.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder resulting in the loss of motor neurons from the spinal cord and frontal cortex. The patterns of neurodegeneration, affected regions, age of onset, and time course of disease progression are all highly variable between and within variants of the disease. Familial ALS (fALS), inherited versions of ALS due to genetic changes, accounts for between 5-20% of all ALS cases, while the rest are sporadic, with either no causative mutation identified or no familial history of ALS. Recently, the discovery of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions have been identified as one of the most common causes of familial ALS, with some patients presenting with dual phenotypes of ALS and frontotemporal dementia, leading to new hypotheses about the nature of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the continued discovery of new ALS causative genes, little is known about the pathogenesis of the disease. While almost all variants include the presence of intracellular protein inclusions, the site of the protein plaques and involved proteins varies between genetic and phenotypic variants of this disease. Due to the lack of clear pathogenic mechanisms, several hypotheses have been developed to explain the process of neurodegeneration. Autophagy, the process of self-eating, leading to destruction of damaged or excess proteins and organelles, has been implicated as being altered in ALS. Multiple variants have demonstrated altered mitochondrial morphology and cellular energetic dynamics, which could explain previous observations that implicate the process of apoptosis in cellular death. Many of the involved proteins in ALS have functional roles for intracellular, nucleocytoplasmic, and axonal transport of various proteins or RNA. These three competing hypotheses are currently the most prominent hypotheses in the pathogenesis of ALS, and have largely been considered as separate and competing in past research. Is there a chance that the true pathogenesis leading to neuronal destruction via apoptosis involve all three hypotheses? Altered protein and RNA transport dynamics could lead to changes in cellular stress responses or overload autophagy pathways, leading to exacerbated cellular stress responses, leading to alterations in mitochondrial morphology and eventually cell death via apoptosis.

Conference papers on the topic "GGGGCC repeats":

1

Brčić, Jasna, and Janez Plavec. "NMR study of DNA oligonucleotides containing ALS/FTD associated GGGGCC repeat." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414236.

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