Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion des ressources en eau – Prévision – Modèles mathématiques'
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Bornancin, Plantier Audrey. "Conception de modèles de prévision des crues éclair par apprentissage artificiel." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066015.
Full textThe South of France is often subject to dramatic floods, which cause casualties and damages. Very intense, localized rainfalls generate fast, complex flash floods that are very difficult to forecast. The FLASH project (Flood forecasting with machine Learning, data Assimilation and Semi-pHysical modeling) was created in this context. It brings together several laboratories from different scientific fields, whose purpose is to provide the French Flood Surveillance Service (SCHAPI), with a model of flood forecasting. These forecasts will feed the real-time flood vigilance map that is available on the Internet. The main watershed under investigation here is the Gardon d’Anduze. Two types of neural networks are designed and trained to forecast the water level at Anduze from the past water levels and rainfalls. The selection of the number of hidden neurons, of the number of inputs, of some parameters of the training algorithm, and of the initialization of the networks parameters, which is crucial for estimating the generalization capability of the models, is performed by cross validation. The forecasts on the test events are satisfactory for 2 to 3 hour-ahead predictions, depending on the test event. An attempt at on-line training for model adaptation was unconvincing. Encouraging preliminary results are obtained by using rainfall estimates from radar images instead of rain gauge measurements. Finally, the methodology is applied to design predictive models of the water level of the Gardon at Remoulins, a watershed that includes the Gardon d’Anduze catchment. The level forecasts at Remoulins are statisfactory up to a prediction horizon of seven to nine hours
El, Masri Fayez. "A data-based model for the domestic water demand in palestinian territory." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10101/document.
Full textWater scarcity and increasing water demand especially for residential use are major challenges facing Palestine. The need to accurately forecast water consumption is useful for the planning and management of this natural resource. The main objective of this research is to (i) study the major factors influencing the water consumption in Palestine, (ii) understand the general pattern of Household water consumption, (iii) assess the possible changes in household water consumption and suggest appropriate remedies and (iv) develop prediction model based on the Artificial Neural Network to the water consumption in Palestinian cities.The research is organized in four parts. The first part includes literature review of household water consumption studies. The second part concerns data collection methodology, conceptual framework for the household water consumption surveys, survey descriptions and data processing methods. The third part presents descriptive statistics, multiple regression and analysis of the water consumption in the two Palestinian cities. The final part develops the use of Artificial Neural Network for modeling the water consumption in Palestinian cities
Aubert, Maëlle. "Caractérisation de l’état de surface des sols nus agricoles par imagerie radar TerraSAR-X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0047.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development, soil and water resources management is a key issue from not only the environmental point of view, but also from a socioeconomic perspective. Soil moisture, roughness, composition, and slaking crusts are some key variables used to understand and model natural hazards, such as erosion, drought and floods. For agricultural bare soils (most subject to runoff), numerous studies have already shown the potential of C-band RADAR data for the mapping of soil moisture and roughness. However, the application of these methods in operational settings remained limited.In this context, the first objective of this thesis was to analyse the sensitivity of X-band TerraSAR-X sensors to soil surface characteristics (SSC) at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Different TerraSAR-X configurations were evaluated and results were used to define the optimal instrumental configuration for the characterization of each SSC parameter. The comparison of TerraSAR-X sensor sensitivity with equivalent levels recorded with the C-band sensor showed that the TerraSAR-X sensor is undoubtedly the most suitable of the two when estimating and mapping soil moisture at a fine scale (50 m²).The second objective of this work was to develop a method to estimate and map soil moisture levels of agricultural bare soil. To achieve this goal, methods that are commonly used to retrieve soil moisture from C-band, have been tested on X-band data. The accuracy of soil moisture estimations using an empirical algorithm was determined, and validated successfully over numerous study sites. A mapping process based uniquely on TerraSAR-X data, both for bare soil detection and for the estimation of soil moisture content, was developed. This innovative chain of « automatic and autonomous» mapping processing steps should enable the utilization of TerraSAR-X data for the mapping of soil moisture levels in operational conditions
Hemila, Mohammed Laïd. "Hydrogéologie, modélisation et gestion des ressources en eau de la plaine alluviale du bassin de l'oued de la Meskiana-Haut Mellegue (Est algérien)." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2021.
Full textReynaud, Arnaud. "Gestion durable d'une ressource naturelle : le cas du système aquifère girondin." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10023.
Full textLarroque, François. "Gestion globale d'un système aquifère complexe : application à l'ensemble aquifère multicouche médocain." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30051.
Full textTong, Ngoc-Tu. "Gestion de l'eau dans les opérations d'aménagement du territoire." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010031.
Full textThinon-Larminach, Murielle. "Approches quantitatives des flux d'eau dans un système sol-nappe-rivière : application au bassin de la Charente, à l'amont de la ville d'Angoulême (16)." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2299.
Full textSeiller, Gregory. "Évaluation de la sensibilité des projections hydrologiques au choix des outils hydro-météorologiques globaux conceptuels - Approche multimodèle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30064/30064.pdf.
Full textModeling climate change impacts on water resources remains one of the major challenges for the scientific community. This task is complex and contains numerous cumulated uncertainties all along the modeling process, from the greenhouse gas scenarios definition to the hydrological projections. All the modeling tools can thus potentially affect our ability to render a diagnosis of the impacts of climate changes on water resources. In this context, modeling uncertainty related to 20 lumped conceptual hydrological models, 24 potential evapotranspiration formulations, and 7 snow modules was evaluated on two catchments: au Saumon (Province of Quebec, Canada) and Schlehdorf (State of Bavaria, Germany). This work first assessed the transposability in time of the hydrological models and examined the interest of the multimodel approach in a climate change context. Then, contribution of the different tools to cumulated uncertainty is evaluated, followed by an investigation of individual sensitivity origins. This analysis was based on performance criteria, discharge graphical displays, statistics tools, and hydrological indicators of changes in water resources. More, uncertainties related to climatic members are also appraised on the Quebec catchment to allow a direct comparison with the principal studied tools. Results demonstrated that our capacity to render a diagnosis of the impacts of climate change on water resources on the two studied catchments was highly connected to the choice of the hydro-meteorological lumped modeling tools. Each one contributed to the total uncertainty; however, with a larger prevalence for the potential evapotranspiration formulations and hydrological models, snow modules being more neutral. Nevertheless, comparative analysis showed that the selection of a climatic member was affecting the total uncertainty the most. This research proposed a detailed analysis on our capacity to realise a diagnosis of the impacts of climate change on water resources for two studied catchments and provided a specific and original methodology directly applicable and adjustable to other hydro-climatic contexts.
Qadem, Abdelghani. "Quantification, modélisation et gestion de la ressource en eau dans le bassin versant du Haut Sebou (Maroc)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0263/document.
Full textWater is one of the major issues of our time in all continents. Like many countries on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, Morocco is particularly affected by water shortages. It seems that to overcome this lack of water, the country uses large hydro (128 dams in Morocco) to power, from the regions that receive the largest amounts of rain, or regions richest in groundwater, major cities and agricultural areas irrigated large area. However, this large and predominant hydraulic policy faces such several limitations (limited life of reservoirs, number of sites suitable, and investment) that promising levers remain efficient ways of managing water resources. However, to effectively manage this, it is essential to know the amount of water available in each basin and its different uses. This thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of water resources in a key area. The Middle Atlas can be considered the "water tower" of Morocco. A geographical approach is in place, both in terms of the resource assessment and use of one of three major hydrological units that drains the Middle Atlas: the watershed of the Sebou up stream of the hydrometric station Azzaba. set in 4 parts, this work- being of the Franco-Moroccan academic cooperation- demonstrates the heterogeneity of hydrological processes in relation to a complex mountainous geographical context. Both the analysis of hydrological phases and the contribution of modeling show a significant contribution of groundwater to stream flow, the importance of redistribution within the basin of the Upper Sebu and from adjacent basins. In this regard, research in the form of survey aimed at apopulation farmers shows agricultural changes forming in the Middle Atlas sector, and highlights the changes in water sampling modes in river systems, the traditional sampling system over water being increasingly challenged by levies same groundwater pumping
Sakho, Mamadou A. "Incidence de l'instabilité des ressources en eau de surface sur les performances simulées d'un système d'eau : exemple du Sassandra en Côte-d'Ivoire." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20262.
Full textKositsakulchai͏̈, Ekasit. "Modélisation de la dynamique de l'hydrosystème du bassin du Mae Klong (Thai͏̈lande). Une esquisse de système interactif d'aide à la décision pour la gestion de l'eau." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20008.
Full textSkoulikaris, Charalampos. "Modélisation appliquée à la gestion durable des projets de ressources en eau à l'échelle d'un bassin hydrographique : le cas du Mesta-Nestos." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004775.
Full textAmamba, Itoumba Frédéric Elie. "Modélisation d’un réseau de réservoirs en vue d’optimiser la gestion des eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10180/document.
Full textIn urban environments, or in the areas where the stormy showers are frequent and violent, it is advisable to temporarily store volumes of precipitations in retaining tanks before slackening them with flow controlled in the sewage networks or the natural environment, which limits the risks of flood and the environmental impacts. The dimension of these basins can quickly be important and their establishment on an encumbered site to become complicated and expensive. The solution suggested in this study is to distribute the retention on several basins connected to each other by pipes and controlled by nozzles, and to exploit their respective capacity and the conditions of transfer to optimize the rejection in the network or the natural environment. A numerical model named tank type was developed, which represents with a good level of precision the heights in the basins and the flows transferred according to time as well as intensity and the duration of the rain. This simplified model incremented according to a step of coherent time with the intensity of the rain works in volumes and flow without being delayed on the hydraulic conditions of flow. It was validated by several studies of sensitivity on meshes of 2 or 3 tanks and opens up the way for a tool for pre simple and reliable dimensioning
Prudhomme, Cristel. "Modèles synthétiques des connaissances en hydrologie : application à la régionalisation des crues en Europe alpine et méditerranéenne." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20200.
Full textColas, Hubert. "Modélisation intégrée bassin versant - Activités humaines - Milieux hydriques : application au bassin versant du Lez et des étangs palavasiens." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20195.
Full textSerhal, Hani. "Influence des pressions anthropiques sur l'évolution des concentrations en nitrates dans la nappe de la craie du Nord de la France : applications au Cambrésis et au nord Audomarois." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Serhal.pdf.
Full textLa modélisation est basée sur des données réelles fournies par les enquêtes de terrain et les données du Recensement Général Agricole (RGA). Les communes de la zone d'étude sont classées en quatre types selon leurs pratiques culturales. A chaque type j'ai attribué une rotation culturale. La modélisation, qui a débuté en 1965, s'étend jusqu'en 2003 dans le but de mieux comprendre l'influence de la variation des pratiques culturales (rotation et fertilisation) sur la variation de la qualité de l'eau alimentant la nappe. La modélisation permet de démontrer que la mise en place du programme Ferti-Mieux a déjà, dans la plupart des cas, conduit à un abaissement significatif des concentrations en nitrates dans l'eau lessivée. Dans l'arrondissement de Cambrai, j'ai réalisé un modèle intégré permettant de modéliser la transformation et le transfert des nitrates en partant de la surface du sol jusqu'à la zone saturée. J'ai pris en compte l'impact des nitrates d'origine agricole ainsi que ceux provenant des agglomérations. Le suivi des fertilisations, l'augmentation du nombre de stations d'épurations urbaines et l'amélioration de leurs performances diminuent les apports nitratés de surface. Mais l'effet de ces améliorations sur la qualité, des eaux de la craie n'est pas partout synchrone. Les comparaisons entre les piézométries mesurées et celles calculées, ainsi que les comparaisons entre les concentrations en nitrates mesurées et celles calculées m'ont permis de caler correctement les modèles hydrodynamiques et hydrodispersifs dans la zone non-saturée et dans la zone saturée. J'ai ensuite pris des hypothèses les plus vraisemblables des intrants azotés jusqu'en 2020. Cette évolution prospective de la qualité de l'eau de la craie permet à la fin de répondre à l'un des objectifs de la DCE et aussi de permettre l'optimisation de la gestion de l'aquifère de l'arrondissement de Cambrai
Kouame, Brou. "Adéquation de différents modèles globaux pluie-débit pour déterminer les apports en eau dans les zones de transition et de forêt de la Côte - d'Ivoire : essai de régionalisation des paramètres." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20249.
Full textVernay, Laurent. "Mise au point d'un outil d'aide à la gestion et à la définition d'une politique de l'eau dans les îles méditerranéennes, s'appuyant sur des techniques adaptées : le cas de Formentera (Baléares, Espagne)." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20169.
Full textCoron, Laurent. "Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuelssont-ils robustes face à un climat en évolution ? Diagnostic sur un échantillon de bassins versants français et australiens." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00879090.
Full textMkireb, Chouaïb. "Optimisation et gestion des risques pour la valorisation de la flexibilité énergétique : application aux systèmes d’eau potable." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2492/document.
Full textIn a context of demographic growth in which natural resources are more and more limited, optimized management of water and power networks is required. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled effective integration of Demand Response mechanisms in power systems, making it possible to involve electricity consumers in the real-time balance of the power system. Through its flexible components (variable-speed pumps, tanks), drinking water systems, which are huge electricity consumers, are suitable candidates for energy-efficient Demand Response mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation, for both economic and operational reasons. In this thesis, the objective is the evaluation of the economic and the ecological values related to the integration of drinking water systems flexibility into power system operation through french demand response mechanisms. An analysis of the architecture of french electricity markets is first conducted, allowing to target the most suitable demand response mechanisms considering water systems operating constraints. Some mathematical models to optimize water systems flexibility are then proposed and solved through original heuristics, integrating uncertainties about water demands, market prices and pumping stations availability. Numerical results, which are discussed using three real water systems in France, integrate the economic aspects inclunding risks, operational and ecological aspects. Significant reductions in water systems operating costs are estimated through the optimization of demand response power bids on the French spot power market during peak times. In parallel, uncertainties consideration secures the operation of water systems in real time, and makes it possible to manage economic risks related to the power grid balancing. In addition, significant savings in CO2 emissions, estimated to around 400 tons per day in France, can be achieved by reducing electricity production from fossil sources
Pan, Yi. "Modélisation couplée des écoulements de surface et de sub-surface dans un bassin versant par approches numériques à dimensions euclidiennes réduites." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH012/document.
Full textInteractions between surface and subsurface flow processes are key components of the hydrological water cycle. Accounting for these interactions in hydrological modelsis mandatory to provide relevant and accurate predictions for water quality and water resources management. Fully-integrated hydrological models that describe with aphysical meaning the hydrological processes and their interactions are recent. Most of these models rely upon the resolution of a 3D Richards equation to describe subsurface flow processes. This approach may become intractable because of the heavy constrains on both meshing and numerical resolution. This PhD proposes a new integrated hydrological model on the idea of dealing with dimensionally reduced flow in both the surface and sub-surface compartments of a watershed. The different compartments of the model are first tested independently and then coupled. The results show that the proposed approach allows for a proper and precise depiction ofthe hydrological processes enclosed in the model while providing significant gain incomputational efficiency
Bou-Fakhreddine, Bassam. "Modeling, Control and Optimization Of Cascade Hydroelectric-Irrigation Plants : Operation and Planning." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1172.
Full textThis research work aims to optimize the operational procedure of cascade hydro plants in order to be efficiently used for power generation and irrigation. The challenge was to find the most realistic model based on the stochastic feature of water resources, on the power demand and on the irrigation profile. All these aspects are affected on the short and on the long run by a wide range of different conditions (hydrological, meteorological and hydraulic). During this project a bibliographic study was done in order to identify the technical issues that prevent the efficient use of hydro plants in developing countries. The system is numerically modelled taking into consideration all the variables and parameters involved in the optimal operation. The most appropriate approach is chosen in order to maximize the efficient use of water and to minimize economical losses, where different scenarios are simulated in order to validate the adopted suggestions