Academic literature on the topic 'Gestion des ressources en eau – Akkar (Liban)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Gestion des ressources en eau – Akkar (Liban).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Gestion des ressources en eau – Akkar (Liban)":
Halwani, J., B. Ouddane, A. R. Ibrahim, and M. Wartel. "Caractéristiques de ressources en eau des plateaux de Akkar au Nord du Liban." Cahiers de l'Association Scientifique Européenne pour l'Eau et la Santé 4, no. 1 (1999): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/asees/19990401003.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gestion des ressources en eau – Akkar (Liban)":
Kamaleddine, Ahmad. "Évaluation des impacts de l'occupation du sol sur la qualité des ressources en eau dans la région d'Akkar (nord du Liban) : le cas du territoire d'Al-Kayteh." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA028.
Akkar is a rural and economically deprived region located in northern Lebanon. It stands out as the second agricultural zone in Lebanon, where agriculture represents the primary sector of activity. Our study area, Al-Kayteh, covers 26% of the Akkar region's area and houses 60% of its population. It stretches from the Mediterranean coastline to the summit of Aarouba, reaching an elevation of 2230 meters, which is the highest point in Akkar.Al-Kayteh is currently facing significant yet disorganized urban development. However, this territory lacks urban planning documents or master plans governing its development and urbanization. Furthermore, most of its municipalities have outdated sewage systems or rely on septic tanks to treat wastewater. Moreover, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas is not regulated. These factors pose a threat and exert pressure on the territory's water resources. Thus, Al-Kayteh, like Akkar, faces major challenges in terms of urban planning and water resource preservation.Previous studies on the quality of water resources in Akkar and Al-Kayteh have revealed that the majority of the region's water resources are contaminated, both microbiologically due to wastewater and chemically due to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This is why we have approached the issue of water pollution in Akkar from a geographical and land-use planning perspective. This approach led us to examine land use patterns since 1962 on the ground, their evolution, and their impact on water resources.To contextualize the issue, we have examined the characteristics and problems of the water sector in Al-Kayteh, as well as the evolution and distribution of urbanization and types of agricultural activities in this area. Subsequently, 44 water samples (in wells and springs) were taken from different sectors of the area to characterize their quality and analyze the impacts of land use. Statistical methods were employed to identify relationships between different variables.The results obtained have enabled us to gain a better understanding of a still relatively unexplored area, the evolution of land use, and identifying sources of water resource pollution in the region. This will pave the way for the development of plans and master plans aimed at sustainable water resource management, as well as the planning of urban development and agriculture in the area
Hajj, Ahmad El. "L'aquifère carbonate karstique de Chekka (Liban) et ses exutoires sous-marins : caractéristiques hydrogéologiques et fonctionnement." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20210.
Studied for a long time, Chekka submarine springs in Lebanon are presented as being among the most important known undersea resources. Never questioned, the first estimates proposed an average flow of 6 m3/s, among them at least 2. 5 m3/s for the main spring during low flow. New technologies developed in France to study submarine springs; their functioning and their aquifer were applied to these springs within the framework of a European project "MEDITATE". The main perennial spring was instrumented for monitoring its flow, salinity, temperature and pressure. First data indicate a minimum flow of approximately 60 l/s of brackish water during low flow. Its functioning is typically karstic, with wide variations of the flow, salinity and temperature of water. During low flow, high salinity is the consequence of sea water intrusion in karst conduits. Many water sites in the area, among them littoral and submarine springs were monitored for theit geochemical characteristics. The hydrogeological basin was delimited: the rivers Asfour and Jaouz undergo losses in their crossing of upper Cretaceous limestone, reaching, according to the season, several m3/s on the whole. Terms of the hydrological balance of spring recharge basin gave an average flow of fresh water 2. 15 m3/s on the whole, in agreement with direct flow measurements during low flow. These first conclusions question the possibility of direct exploitation of these submarine springs. A permanent monitoring of the main submarine spring is required in a monitoring network of the whole aquifer to provide a sustainable exploitation of that important resource
Raad, Daoud Youssef. "Analyse évolutive des facteurs agro et socio-économiques du périmètre irrigué de Qasmieh-Ras-el-Ai͏̈n au Liban-Sud." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30062.
The study of the evolution of the agricultural setting of the oldest irrigation scheme of Qasmieh-Ras-el-Ai͏̈n, located on the southern Lebanese coast revealed to be of major importance, particularly in the global context of water scarcity in the Near East region. The following factors have triggered the development of irrigation scheme: the fertile land of the coastal area of a temperate Mediterranean climate, the availability of water resources from the Litany River (Qasmieh), the will of an emerging state during the Second World War to develop a large irrigation scheme and the export its citrus produce to the growing Arab markets. This study investigated the natural factors, forms of exploitation and their development through time, the infrastructure, the water management of the irrigation scheme and the environment. The analysis and surveys also examined the marketing issues, which have largely affected the transformation of the cropping and socio-economic situation in the area. In conclusion, recommendations for the improvement of the irrigation scheme and the stability of the rural community were presented
Al, Hajj Hassan Abbas. "La convoitise de l’eau du Liban et ses ramifications au Moyen-Orient : d’une guerre à l’autre à la recherche d’une paix hydraulique globale et durable." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10034.
Water is the lifeline of the planet. Its resources, such as rivers and streams, are considered one of the greatest wealth of our nations. Watercourses usually travel across different countries, and thus require laws to define and regulate the process of sharing water. These laws need to protect the rights of all sides, let alone find peaceful solutions to disputes. The Middle East is one of the regions suffering from water conflicts. Poor water management by some countries such as Lebanon and Israel confirms the urge to find solutions to this growing problem. Governments need to decide on the appropriate response for the future. It should be accompanied by negotiations to end conflicts and restore their rights to each side. Peace can be achieved through a joint effort supported by regional and international measures that deal with the crisis of water scarcity and with the pollution associated with climate change, global warming and desertification. These challenges are a threat for the future, the solution needs to be found through combined regional and UN efforts
Hamamy, Ghalia. "Le choix d'un système de régulation dans les services publics : le cas de l'eau au Liban." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100063.
Countries are reforming their water public utilities in order to introduce a new regulatory system called Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). IWRM may be centralized, decentralized or in-between. What is the dynamic behind this rationale?We will examine the contributions of religion, law, economics, political science and management to regulation. These contributions shall be combined with those of neo-institutional and bureaucracy theories in order to create some regulatory tools such as yardstick competition, ring fencing competition and price-cap regulation.We will also study public service, public utility and universal service. We will also examine water, gas, electricity and telecommunications characteristics in order to highlight the water utility specificities.We will use grounded theories and analytic narrative elements in studying in-depth the water public utility regulation in two countries with reference models, in six countries with hybrid models and two international reference hybrid models. A qualitative model with core and ancillary dynamics will be sketched.Quantitative techniques will confirm/infirm this dynamic through a questionnaire that will be tested on a database consisting of 106 countries in order to produce a quantitative model of this dynamic.Finally, the qualitative and quantitative models will be compared in order to produce a final model of water public utility dynamics of regulation which will be theoretically discussed
Riachi, Roland. "Institutions et régulation d'une ressource naturelle dans une société fragmentée : Théorie et applications à une gestion durable de l'eau au Liban." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979509.
Bou-Fakhreddine, Bassam. "Modeling, Control and Optimization Of Cascade Hydroelectric-Irrigation Plants : Operation and Planning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1172.
This research work aims to optimize the operational procedure of cascade hydro plants in order to be efficiently used for power generation and irrigation. The challenge was to find the most realistic model based on the stochastic feature of water resources, on the power demand and on the irrigation profile. All these aspects are affected on the short and on the long run by a wide range of different conditions (hydrological, meteorological and hydraulic). During this project a bibliographic study was done in order to identify the technical issues that prevent the efficient use of hydro plants in developing countries. The system is numerically modelled taking into consideration all the variables and parameters involved in the optimal operation. The most appropriate approach is chosen in order to maximize the efficient use of water and to minimize economical losses, where different scenarios are simulated in order to validate the adopted suggestions
Jammal, Mirna. "La question de l’eau au Proche-Orient : enjeux géopolitiques et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020012.
Freshwater is a key resource for health, prosperity and human security. It is essential to the eradication of poverty, to the equality of people and to food security. However, billions of human beings face serious water-related challenges. The Middle East is the region of the world where the water resource is most likely to lead to wars. The dislocation of the Ottoman Empire has removed from the watersheds their political unity, the new frontiers having shared them between several states, following the events that marked the creation of Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine.By 2030, nearly half of the world's population will live in areas subject to high water stress. The reason to choose of writing a thesis in this field. The Middle East is at the heart of major geostrategic issues and remains a space of tension and confrontation due to the multiplicity of geopolitical, environmental and security issues. Watersheds are often shared among several countries. This delicate situation worsens as a result of population growth, rising standards of living and climate change. In this thesis, we tried to trace the problems to give a thorough legal and geopolitical visibility on the subject and tried to give solutions that could change at any time depending on the political situation in the region
Caiserman, Arnaud. "Adapter les stratégies agricoles aux évolutions socio-économiques et climatiques en milieu méditerranéen : comparaison de l'usage de l'eau et des choix de plantes des agriculteurs dans la plaine de la Békaa (Liban) et de Marvdasht (Iran)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3009.
According to Köppen’s climate map, the semi-arid Mediterranean climate covers several countries in this region, including Lebanon and Iran. In order to regionalize the understanding of the water challenge of this region, two agricultural plains with similar characteristics were selected as study areas: the Bekaa plain in Lebanon and the Marvdahst plain in Iran. The Marvdasht plain is slightly drier and through climate change, the Bekaa plain will look like the present climate conditions of Marvdasht before 2100. It is therefore necessary to grasp the agricultural practices in the Marvdasht plain in order to imagine how Bekaa agriculture will look like in the future. Farmers must adapt their strategies to the local climate that is characterized by strong uncertainties (interannual variability of rainfall or frequent droughts) but also to economic uncertainties (prices’ variability). Despite (geo)political differences, some farmers in the Bekaa and Marvdasht have chosen strong water demanding crops, compared to the local renewable water resources. However, these crops are profitable on the market. In total, the water balances for the years under consideration are negative: in Marvdasht, farmers pumped 0,25 km3 of groundwater to meet the total irrigation needs, but the groundwater recharge was only 0,09 km3 in that year. In the Bekaa, this balance is also negative, but to a lesser extent: 0,15 km3 were pumped for a recharge of 0,1 km3. In both cases, irrigation needs are therefore higher than renewable water. They have therefore promoted market adaptation rather than sustainable resource management. Thus, the reasons for crop choices were closely analysed through field surveys and certain remote sensing methods to generate crop maps. The net irrigation requirements of crops are also estimated through remote sensing. Indeed, water needs determine whether or not farmers promote climate change adaptation strategies with relevant crop choices. This regional imbalance at the expense of resources stems from the productivism in the early 1950s. This paradigm is rooted on farm’s profitability and a more ambitious political objective, food self-sufficiency, especially in Iran. This causes an overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and thus a lowering of groundwater by several tens of meters since the 1980s. Some alternatives consist of growing plants with high added value and modest water requirements: saffron, canola, quinoa and cannabis (in Lebanon). We have highlighted these alternative crops since their cultivation on large areas could save millions of water cubic meters each year. Still not widely cultivated, these plants need incentive markets to attract the interest of agricultural stakeholders. This operational part thus analyses the reasons for this lukewarm success in order to find incentive markets. Such local markets would strengthen a more sustainable agricultural policy than restrictive measures on water management that farmers always manage to circumvent
Bou-Fakhreddine, Bassam. "Modeling, Control and Optimization Of Cascade Hydroelectric-Irrigation Plants : Operation and Planning." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1172.
This research work aims to optimize the operational procedure of cascade hydro plants in order to be efficiently used for power generation and irrigation. The challenge was to find the most realistic model based on the stochastic feature of water resources, on the power demand and on the irrigation profile. All these aspects are affected on the short and on the long run by a wide range of different conditions (hydrological, meteorological and hydraulic). During this project a bibliographic study was done in order to identify the technical issues that prevent the efficient use of hydro plants in developing countries. The system is numerically modelled taking into consideration all the variables and parameters involved in the optimal operation. The most appropriate approach is chosen in order to maximize the efficient use of water and to minimize economical losses, where different scenarios are simulated in order to validate the adopted suggestions