Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion de l'eau agricole'
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Lanzanova, Denis. "Économie de l'usage agricole de l'eau à différentes échelles." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10028/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to analyse agricultural water scarcity in temperate climate zones. It proposes models of allocation of the resource at the field and the regional scales. Empirical applications consist in coupling an agronomical model with an economical model. The first chapter leans on a survey of existing water policies. The second chapter provides the satisfying conditions that guarantee the identifiability of the water demand function. The third chapter considers the impact of a temporary irrigation restriction on farmer’s water demand function: imposing a water limitation at a given period will not necessarily induce a reduction of the yearly water consumption. The last chapter proposes a framework for sharing a scarce water resource across a heterogeneous population of farmers facing climate uncertainty. Results show that second-best sharing rules does not significantly impact the regional surplus but imply water transfers across farmers affecting their individual profit
Houet, Thomas. "Occupation des sols et gestion de l'eau : modélisation prospective en paysage agricole fragmenté (Application au SAGE du Blavet)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389835.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est de produire une démarche méthodologique générique pour élaborer des scénarios prospectifs spatialisés. Fondée sur la méthode des scénarios en prospective, cette démarche se nourrit des apports méthodologiques utilisés en modélisation de systèmes complexes afin d'apporter une dimension spatiale aux scénarios prospectifs. Articulée avec le volet prospectif du SAGE du bassin versant du Blavet (2000 km²), cette démarche a été appliquée à trois petits sous bassins versants représentatifs de la diversité des paysages agricoles bocagers rencontrés. Elle s'organise en quatre phases. La première phase vise à construire « la base » des scénarios. La deuxième phase consiste à construire des scénarios prospectifs pertinents pour éclairer les futurs possibles du territoire étudié. La troisième phase constitue la phase de spatialisation des scénarios. Suivant le type de scénarios (exploratoire ou normatif), la méthode diffère : une plateforme de modélisation dynamique et spatialement explicite (L1) a été utilisée et optimisée dans le cas des scénarios exploratoires ; un SIG a servi pour élaborer les scénarios normatifs. Enfin, la dernière phase consiste à évaluer les scénarios prospectifs spatialisés, leurs impacts sur les ressources en eau et leurs apports pour les gestionnaires et les acteurs locaux.
Les scénarios exploratoires produits ont permis de quantifier et de localiser les influences possibles de la nouvelle réforme de la PAC appliquée en 2006, de l'agrandissement des exploitations agricoles sur l'évolution des modes d'usages des sols et également l'influence des changements de la structure spatiale du parcellaire sur les transferts de flux. Les scénarios normatifs ont permis d'identifier les enjeux de gestion de l'eau entre acteurs locaux et gestionnaires. Au final, la localisation de zones à risque vis-à-vis des ressources en eau et l'identification de leviers d'actions (synergies locales, maîtrise du foncier) confèrent aux scénarios prospectifs un rôle d'outil d'aide à la décision pour les gestionnaires de l'eau et les acteurs locaux.
Gurung, Tayan Raj. "Analyse comparée de l'usage de la modélisation d'accompagnement pour faciliter la gestion adaptative de l'eau agricole au Bouthan." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100037/document.
Full textThe customary regime of NRM in Bhutan faces greater challenges from economic development, rapid transformation of social values, local institutions and traditional perceptions on NR. Although Bhutan is projected rich in water resource for hydropower potentials, water for agriculture and domestic use is fast becoming scarcer and highly contested. As the water becomes scarce the people living in highlands are most severely affected. A detail diagnostic study of two communities, Lingmuteychu depedent of irrigated rice and Kengkhar depedent on dryland farming presents two situations of water resource issues. In Lingmuteychu the conflict of irrigation water sharing for cultivation of rice among seven villages has been inflicting restentment in all aspect of society. In contrary, in Kengkhar has been facing drinking water scarcity as the natural spring ponds dry, which forces people to walk from more than five hours to fetch water from the river. In these two sites Companion Modelling was applied to enhance understanding of water resource management dynamics and improve shared communication and learning to facilitate adaptative management dynamics and improve shared communication and learning to facilitate adaptative management strategies. The study provides as comparison of the process followerd in two sites with analysis of impacts and effects from the process. The research illustrates fow ComMod process help develop trust and and commitment in the conflicting community and pave pathways to develop social capital for adaptive management of water resource. The process was able to foster shared learning and co-construct collective actions which were implementable. The research also revealed the important role of the researchers in furthering and sustaining newly achieved cooperation. The ABMs provided an opportunity to re-create different water resource management strategies which could be used as options for the community. The research also demonstrates the feasibility of applying the ComMod approach in different fields of NRM
Houet, Thomas. "Occupation des sols et gestion de l'eau : modélisation prospective en paysage agricole fragmenté (Application au Schéma d'Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux du Blavet)." Rennes 2, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389835.
Full textSince the new European water policy, water managers must restore a “good ecological state” of water resources for 2015. To be efficient and provide sustainability, water policies have to be implemented at a local scale (i. E. Hedgerow or field scale) but they must also adopt a long term vision, i. E. Considering possible future land use changes. The production of prospective scenarios of landcover and landscape feature changes may help water managers to realize more effective water policy controls. The aim of this work is to implement a generic methodology to build spatialized prospective scenarios. Its application is made on three watersheds representative of the Blavet landscape diversity (Brittany, France). The prospective scenarios made have localized at-risk areas towards water resources and identified stakeholders which contribute to consider spatialized prospective scenarios as powerful tools to help decision-makers to manage water resources efficiently and sustainability
Rousseau, Beaumier Thomas. "Impact des pratiques de gestion bénéfiques sur la qualité de l'eau d'un bassin versant agricole (Rivière des Envies, Canada)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4471/1/030309362.pdf.
Full textMejias, Moreno Patricia. "Étude des impacts socio-économiques des politiques de gestion de l'eau et des politiques agricoles : modélisation de la production agricole d'un périmètre irrigué : bassin du Guadalquivir, Espagne /." Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39032767x.
Full textBernal, Frédéric. "L’encadrement juridique de la disposition de l'eau d'irrigation." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2002.
Full textJuridical frame of irrigation water disposal implies a compromise between two different concerns, at first looking antinomical : the need to protect water, component of the “common inheritance of the Nation”, which implies the idea of unselfishness, and the practicability of an activity with significant agricultural and economical stakes. The water needed for irrigation takes a road necessarily conditioned by the successive stages of its progress, from its natural environment to the plant. First managed in a global frame including all the disposals by the principle of the planning, water is after shared up according to each disposal, and then possibly managed by specific structures (for example management committee of owners). It is the phase of the resource’s administration. After that, farmers will act on the environment to bring water to the plant. It is the phase of the resource’s mobilization, which is managed by the regulations created for the building of water stocking structures and for taking water on its environment. Juridical analysis of these two stages puts on relief all the regulations created for irrigation water disposal, but also suggests some adaptations (for examples a new management structure prototype or the relinquishment of ancestral rights) to answer to the new demand of durable development
Graveline, Nina. "Adaptation de l'agriculture aux politiques de gestion de l'eau et aux changements globaux : l'apport des modèles de programmation mathématique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0091/document.
Full textThis thesis develops and discusses agricultural-supply modeling approaches for representing the adaptation of farming to global changes and water policies: their effects on agricultural economics and water resources comprise critical information for decision makers. After a summary and a review chapter, four essays are presented. The first essay describes a representation of the behavior of ten typical farms using a risk linear programming model connected to a plant-soil-hydrodynamic model chain, to assess the future level of nitrate contamination in the upper Rhine valley aquifer. The baseline, liberal, and interventionist scenarios for 2015 all result in lower nitrate concentrations. The second essay explores the effects of the economic uncertainty of global changes by means of a Monte Carlo approach distinguishing various levels of dependence on uncertain parameters. Analyses for a nitrate-oriented and a water-use model (in Alsace and southwestern France) show that the environmental objectives can be targeted withsufficient confidence. The third essay develops a flexible specification for positive mathematical programming - constant elasticity of substitution with decreasing returns - to explore how irrigated farming adapts to increased water scarcity in Beauce, France. The possibility of adjusting the application of water per hectare accounts for about 20% of the response. The last essay presents the development of a holistic hydro-economic model of Beauce’s agriculture and aquifer under climate-change uncertainty, so as to evaluate various water policies, as well as the open-access case, up to the year 2040. The results show that the baseline policy is more cost-effective than the other instruments tested (tax, transfer,etc.)
Allain, Sandrine. "Vers une gestion structurelle de l'eau dans un territoire agricole en tension Une démarche d'évaluation multicritère multi-acteur utilisant des simulations informatiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20978/1/ALLAIN_Sandrine.pdf.
Full textKhelladi, Maya. "Gestion, économie et partage de l'eau dans les milieux semi-arides : contribution à une politique durable de l'eau : illustration à travers les cas du nord ouest de l'Algérie et du sud est de l'Espagne." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010039.
Full textWater scarcity is dealt with practically every day by the media, to manage it is a real challenge. The review of cases such as north west Algeria and south east Spain allowed for important findings to be reached. Population growth rate and the need for irrigation are the main reasons for increased demand. Water was managed in a sustainable way when demand was low. But since the beginning of the century, public authorities action focused in increasing the offer by every means. The management planing, shading away from its responsibilities, provoked shortages, waste, conflicts and deterioration. Consequently, public authorities are now promoting the liberalisation of water production and distribution. But water is not just a commodity, it is an essential element for life and a decisive factor of social cohesion. Market is not in favour of an ecologically and socially sound water management. Institutions are the guarantor of a sound and cautious usage of water and can modify behaviours in favour of a better management in a situation of scarcity. Ensuring the biosphere reproduction requires to be in conformity with it's renewal sequences and assimilation capacities. Mastering the hydrosystems, establishing water basins boards, impact studies, controlling waste and degradations, recycling and re-utilisation of water are tools which help to reach it. Taking into account the social dimension requires that basic needs are satisfied and to ensure equal development opportunities. To achieve this objective it is essential to have an accurate definition of utilisation rights and to offer the possibility for all actors to participate in the decision making process. A sustainable economic growth is necessary to obtain these results. The implementation of fees and subsidies, technical progress as well as setting up priorities would definitively help to reach these goals
Diallo, Mamadou. "Le développement rural de la région de San et de Tominian, à travers la modernisation agricole (CMDT) et la maîtrise de l'eau (Mali Aqua Viva)." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUEL117.
Full textIt is in order to meet the objectives of Mali in matter of rural development in the areas of san and Tominian located in the south-east of the country, that the Malian company for the development of textiles (CMDT) and Mali aqua viva (MAV) operate. CMDT, in the field of the modernization of agriculture, by an integrated approach of the rural area, by leaning on commercial farming (cotton, dah, peanuts), food-producing (millet, sorghum, rice) and formers organized in cooperative formes, tries to initiate the rural development of san and Tominian. It has as other objectives to satisfy the monetary and subsistence needs of the producers of the region. Mali aqua viva by the exploitation of underground waters, tries to solve the needs in water to which the people can be confronted. The intervention of these two organizations within the rural space of the region has ended in geographical and socio-economic incidences that are dealt with present study. If the actions of cmdt and mav have resulted in these satisfying results, one for that cannot conclude on a development rural of the region of san and tominian
Canessa, Emeline. "Lorsque l'eau révèle la ville : cas du Bas Sahara algérien." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10053.
Full textAbrami, Géraldine. "Niveaux d'organisation dans la modélisation multi-agent pour la gestion de ressources renouvelables. Application à la mise en œuvre de règles collectives de gestion de l'eau agricole dans la basse-vallée de la Drôme." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000904.
Full textDiouf, Edouard. "Ouvrages hydrauliques et modèle de gestion de l'eau dans le bassin du fleuve Casamance (Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100108.
Full textLocated in the south of Senegal, the Casamance basin has a significant potential for rice production. Despite climatic constraints, the local people practice paddy cultivation in the valleys. However, the persistence of negative effects has resulted in the awareness of the need to protect the rice-growing areas against the advance of salt and to improve the use of rainfall available. It is in this context that a number of small dams were built in Casamance by various development actors.This dissertation assesses the hydro-agricultural planning policies in Casamance that were implemented during the last five decades. This appraisal is quite bleak: most of the rice production development programmes did fail in lowlands. This Ph.D. proposes a framework for analyzing the overall situation through a multi-dimensional study: a political dimension at the national and regional levels, a socio-cultural dimension based on the “local”, and a technical dimension referring to small dams. The synthesis of these three entry ways enables to propose intervention models better adapted to the local context and realities
Erismann, Julie. "Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Full textAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Noel, Aurélie. "La gestion collective de l'eau dans les périmètres irrigués du Nordeste brésilien, vallée de São Francisco." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20089.
Full textThe thesis studies the changes occured in the management of the irrigated perimeters of Brazilian Nordeste following the central disengagement of the state. It analyzes the problems arising from the passage of a mode of management centralized and bureaucratic to a form of decentralized management, implemented by the users themselves. From the observation of two irrigated perimeters, the study is interested in the processes of creation of new bodies of management (the districts of irrigation), in the stakes and the conflicts that arouse the elaboration of new rules of the game and new reports of power among the users, in the influence of the technical characteristics of the networks of irrigation and the impact of the coexistence of small developers and agricultural companies in the same irrigated perimeter. A privileged place is given to the questions put by the elaboration of a system of fixing of a price scale for the water and by the behavior of the users as regards the payment of the fees. The resolution of these two problems constitutes a fundamental condition of the stabilization of the new organizations of management
Haj, Najib Bassel. "Gestion optimale de l'utilisation de l'eau douce et salée pour l'irrigation du coton dans le bassin de l'Euphrate en zone semi-aride." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-147.pdf.
Full textBourblanc, Magalie. "Les politiques de reconquête de la qualité de l'eau face aux pollutions agricoles : changement et stabilité dans les arrangements institutionnels en Côtes-D'Armor (France) et dans le Noord-Brabant (Pays-Bas)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0045.
Full textIn The Netherlands, twenty years after the first public measures dealing with agricultural non-point source pollution have been adopted, we can say that manure debate accelerated the disruption of agricultural policy community whereas manure policy in France catalyzed the productivist model. The Ph. D. Dissertation explains such an output by using the concept of “policy arrangement” and its four interconnected dimensions : actors’ coalition; resources; game rules; discourses (Arts et al. , 2006). In that respect, the thesis stresses two decisive internal features of the specific corporatist arrangement in agriculture : peculiar cognitive frames of the actors’ coalition and the specific organization in the Breton pig sector. The dissertation examines four competing hypotheses, trying to determine causal mechanisms linking policy arrangements’ components to one another in a policy change’s process : significant change in agricultural policy can be brought about by new rules of the game and new policy instruments (incremental change ; social learning ; unintended consequences) ; significant change can be brought about thanks to new actors and their corresponding resources ; discourses can provoke change ; the national political style makes a difference with regard to policy change. Conclusion is that no decisive change has been revealed except lately in the French case, in relation to the 2nd hypothesis thanks to network building activity between local environmental groups and the European Commission, proving that the concept of “policy arrangement” has to be amended in a more hierarchical way, placing actors and their resources at the top of a ladder and influencing game’s rules
Vandôme, Paul. "Rendre l'innovation technologique accessible aux systèmes irrigués ˸ co-conception, évaluation et implications de la low-tech numérique pour accompagner la gestion de l'eau en agriculture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2023. https://www.supagro.fr/theses/extranet/23-0025_Vandome.pdf.
Full textThe sustainability of irrigated agriculture is threatened by growing pressure on water resources, whose over-exploitation is leading to the degradation of ecosystems, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Despite investment in costly modern equipment, the performance of irrigation systems remains below expectations, notably due to induced effects on a wider scale. Digital information technologies offer new opportunities for better understanding and management of water resources, but they remain relatively inaccessible and poorly adapted to agrarian contexts, particularly for surface irrigation systems and in the global South. Therefore, to what extent can the participatory design of digital information technologies result in new tools that are useful and accessible to improve the performance of irrigation systems and contribute to greater territorial sustainability? The results of our PhD thesis show that digital innovation for irrigation management does not necessarily have to be complex, expensive and energy-intensive. We developed new simple, open source, do-it-yourself and low-cost measurement and automation systems to support real-time water management with farmers practising surface irrigation in France and drip irrigation in Tunisia. We proposed a multi-criteria and multi-scale modeling method to simulate the effects of the adoption of such new tools on the performance of irrigation systems. Our results put into perspective the benefits of changes in practices resulting from the adoption of innovations, and illustrate the trade-offs emerging on a larger scale. We believe that this work will contribute to the democratisation of digital low-tech for more autonomous, energy and water-saving irrigation systems. The designed tools and methods are highly reproducible and open the way to future research on the understanding and management of water flows in various agro-hydrological contexts
Chouat, Madi. "Les techniques de maîtrise de l'eau dans le bassin-versant de l'Oued Fessi (sud tunisien)." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT5018.
Full textGravel, Christian. "Impact des pressions agricoles sur la qualité de l'eau des réseaux d'aqueducs municipaux du Québec alimentés en eau souterraine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23654/23654.pdf.
Full textThériault, Maxime. "Analyse multi-échelles du bassin versant du lac Trois-Lacs (Québec, Canada) pour la gestion de l'eau outil de diagnostic axé sur les milieux humides et agricoles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5699.
Full textJeudy, Sagine. "Estimation des bénéfices associés à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau : application de l'approche des comportements défensifs aux producteurs agricoles québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30506/30506.pdf.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the benefits associated with improved water quality by applying the method of "defensive behavior" to Quebec farmers. Perception variables about the degradation of water quality and the environment and characteristics about individuals and farms were included in probit and poisson models to analyze their impact on the probability of adoption of three BMPs, two defensive measures and a health function and to explore the causality between defensive measures and the adoption of BMPs. Many of the aforementioned variables have significant impacts on the adoption of BMPs and defensive measures. We also found that the adoption processes of the three BMPs were correlated. However, we found no link between the adoption of defensive measures and the adoption of BMPs. Finally, the adoption of BMPs reduces the number of days with illness symptoms.
Murgue, Clément. "Quelles distributions spatiales des systèmes de culture pour limiter l'occurence des crises de gestion quantitative de l'eau ? Une démarche de conception évaluation sur le territoire irrigué de l'Aveyron aval." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0133/document.
Full textIn irrigated landscapes exposed to quantitative water management crisis, the intensity of low flows depends on interactions between cropping systems, pedoclimatic situation hydrology, water releases and withdrawal restrictions. In many situations there are no opportunities for more water storage, thus tensions occur between water managers and users, which makes the planning of water demand dynamics necessary. My work explores the potentials in the “spatial management of water” to align the water demand dynamics with natural and stored water availability. I present a 3 step, participatory method to design and assess agricultural landscapes: (1) model the Social-Agro Hydrological system, (2) design alternative spatial distribution of the cropping systems, (3) carry an integrated assessment of those alternatives based on observed climatic variability. This method combines “hard” and “soft” methods, knowledge and tools, and uses the MAELIA multi-agent simulation platform. I tested the method tested in the downstream area of the Aveyron River (800 km² Southwestern France). It allowed to formalize the actors’ visions on alternative distributions of the cropping systems. However they showed to be limited in solving the water deficit issue. The method could be continued to reach operational proposals
Bruckmann, Laurent. "L'intégration des zones inondables dans la gestion de l'eau et le développement de l'irrigation d'une vallée fluviale sahélienne : le cas des terres de décrue de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC214/document.
Full textSince the decline of water resources in the 1970s, the middle Senegal river valley is a space dealing with many socio-environmental changes. Public policies have controlled the river with two dams, Manantali and Diama, and made the valley the preferred location for the development of irrigated agriculture for the national supply of rice. Faced to this situation, the floodplains wetlands, characterized by a flood/recession rythm, are forgotten by development policies. The objective of the thesis is to understand how these flood recession lands fit into socio-environmental changes, and finally to define their current roles for local populations into the reorganization of the middle Senegal river valley.The work is based on a study of the socio-ecological system of the floodplain of the middle valley. The methodology thus has several components. A hydrological analysis and a mapping of the dynamics of the flooded areas by remote sensing, showed the importance of the management choices of the Manantali dam in the allocation of water for the flood in the valley. Socio-economic surveys, carried out in four village terroirs and using semi-structured interviews, highlighted the integration of flood-recession related activities into household strategies, and define the economic, food supply and ecological functions between the different agro-ecological units of the floodplain. Finally, factors holding flood-recession related activities have been identified at household level, such as the diversity of ecosystem services, the heritage value of these areas and the integration of households in irrigation
Kanj, Farah. "Outils et méthodes pour une politique territoriale de gestion raisonnée des pratiques agricoles : cas d’application dans la région de la Béqaa au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30019/document.
Full textFor many countries, food security is the biggest challenge facing agriculture, while ensuring environmental sustainability. Sustainable intensification of production and preventing crop losses are key element to increase production and ensure their consistency, massive inputs (fertilizers, pesticides) use is most often the easiest and the safe solution in the short term. These intensification practices resulting sometimes in increasing excessive consumption of fertilizers and pesticides have a negative impact in both environment and human health, which today pose the problem of the sustainability of these production methods. Ensuring food security through process intensification and environmental sustainability seem to be in opposition. The impact on the environment and human health from the intensification of agricultural practices with the increase in using chemicals has carry civil society and governments to query the sustainability of this development system and to question the scientific community to provide other types of production for sustainable development. How to build sustainable systems of agricultural production in the territories, while responding to the objectives of increased production to ensure an acceptable level of food security. This question as part of climate change today has become central to policy makers. Agriculture is associated to the concept of territory, environmental sustainability to a collective problem; modify the parameters for the formulation of public policy actions. We must now build integrated management approaches and collective agriculture in these territories, taking into consideration the local stakeholders, the potentialities and the specifications of the physical environment. To build a collective project, it is crucial to understand the representations that users and stakeholders in the management and the ecosystem uses should be done in dynamics and interactions between rules of practice and behavior of local actors. What tools and methods must implement policy-makers in the territories to meet these goals? The framework is at the interface of different scientific fields; agronomy, geography and economics. A model of the operation planning as an instrument of support for the dialogue seems to be appropriate for such approach; possible to simulate different alternatives and allow viewpoints. The first part of the thesis will focus on a literature review of existing instruments and methods in this area, particularly in terms of indicators of characterization and alternative solutions in terms of production. The choice in terms of generic method is oriented on elaborating of tools in spatially, collective and interactive simulation. The goal is to build a method for developing an agricultural strategic planning to allow the basis of a territorial public policy. The field of application will be the Bekaa region in Lebanon, which is an intensive farming area in Lebanon, and contributing very significantly to agricultural production in Lebanon
Gallien, Manon. "La résilience des Systèmes Alimentaires de qualité différenciée : approche pour la compréhension des dynamiques de protection de la qualité de l'eau en agriculture." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2067/document.
Full textIn 2009, The Grenelle de l'Environnement (French environmental pact) introduced environmental clauses within Geographical Indications (GI) specifications. French Water agencies (agences de l’eau) perceive it as a good opportunity to address the issue of agricultural pollution, by takings actions at the upstream level. In this context, this study examines how certainfood quality processes are proactively setting targets for conserving water. This question led to develop a global approach in order to look at the issues of water quality from the wider angle of environmental preservation. It requires not only to focus on regulation tools of food quality products but also to take into account a larger set of environmental actions. Along the same lines, the theoretical framework of the resilience of food system of differentiated quality has also been developed. It allows to study proactive environmental dynamics set up by stakeholders to deal with perturbations linked to natural resources degradation, such as water. Those perturbations can be factual (measured) or represented, when stakeholders consider a potential risk. This analytical framework has been applied on case studies in viticulture and fruit production in the South-East of France. The results underscore the complexity of environmental dynamics: they are based on a set of complementary actions and require the mobilization of key players, able to engage in a collective dynamics but also to have a wider vision of food systems, both by looking at the vertical dimension (market oriented) and horizontal dimension (link with the local territory)
Caiserman, Arnaud. "Adapter les stratégies agricoles aux évolutions socio-économiques et climatiques en milieu méditerranéen : comparaison de l'usage de l'eau et des choix de plantes des agriculteurs dans la plaine de la Békaa (Liban) et de Marvdasht (Iran)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3009.
Full textAccording to Köppen’s climate map, the semi-arid Mediterranean climate covers several countries in this region, including Lebanon and Iran. In order to regionalize the understanding of the water challenge of this region, two agricultural plains with similar characteristics were selected as study areas: the Bekaa plain in Lebanon and the Marvdahst plain in Iran. The Marvdasht plain is slightly drier and through climate change, the Bekaa plain will look like the present climate conditions of Marvdasht before 2100. It is therefore necessary to grasp the agricultural practices in the Marvdasht plain in order to imagine how Bekaa agriculture will look like in the future. Farmers must adapt their strategies to the local climate that is characterized by strong uncertainties (interannual variability of rainfall or frequent droughts) but also to economic uncertainties (prices’ variability). Despite (geo)political differences, some farmers in the Bekaa and Marvdasht have chosen strong water demanding crops, compared to the local renewable water resources. However, these crops are profitable on the market. In total, the water balances for the years under consideration are negative: in Marvdasht, farmers pumped 0,25 km3 of groundwater to meet the total irrigation needs, but the groundwater recharge was only 0,09 km3 in that year. In the Bekaa, this balance is also negative, but to a lesser extent: 0,15 km3 were pumped for a recharge of 0,1 km3. In both cases, irrigation needs are therefore higher than renewable water. They have therefore promoted market adaptation rather than sustainable resource management. Thus, the reasons for crop choices were closely analysed through field surveys and certain remote sensing methods to generate crop maps. The net irrigation requirements of crops are also estimated through remote sensing. Indeed, water needs determine whether or not farmers promote climate change adaptation strategies with relevant crop choices. This regional imbalance at the expense of resources stems from the productivism in the early 1950s. This paradigm is rooted on farm’s profitability and a more ambitious political objective, food self-sufficiency, especially in Iran. This causes an overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and thus a lowering of groundwater by several tens of meters since the 1980s. Some alternatives consist of growing plants with high added value and modest water requirements: saffron, canola, quinoa and cannabis (in Lebanon). We have highlighted these alternative crops since their cultivation on large areas could save millions of water cubic meters each year. Still not widely cultivated, these plants need incentive markets to attract the interest of agricultural stakeholders. This operational part thus analyses the reasons for this lukewarm success in order to find incentive markets. Such local markets would strengthen a more sustainable agricultural policy than restrictive measures on water management that farmers always manage to circumvent
Rivaud, Audrey. "Coordination autour d'une ressource commune et logiques d'acteurs : une analyse au travers des usages agricoles et ostréicoles de l'eau dans le bassin de la Charente." Phd thesis, Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT4003.
Full textThe analysis of the coordination upon common resources has been focused essentially on the question of the choice of management instruments in order to guide the behavior of the economic agents. Therefore, the potential role of actors’ behaviors, upstream from the process of coordination, is insufficiently studied. This explains partially the failure of some of these instruments. Thus, the aim of our research consists in constructing a theoretical framework able to explain upstream determinants of the coordination. We integrate, in this perspective, the potential effect of institutional and technological variables, and effects linked to the local dynamics towards the strategies adopted by the actors. In the empirical part of our study we concentrate on the specific problem of the sharing of water resource between the farmers and the oyster farmers on the Charente river basin. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, we show in particular the existence of macro-institutional and cognitive constraints that reduce significantly the whole of strategies and lead to the preservation of the level of water consumptions. However, our investigations also allow us to shed light on the complex game of the local interactions between the farmers and the oyster-farmers and how these latter antagonise these trends and limit to a certain extent the problem of sharing of the resource
Viaud, Valérie. "Organisation spatiale des paysages bocagers et flux d'eau et de nutriments : Approche empirique et modélisations." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARD041.
Full textNARCY, JEAN-BAPTISTE. "Les conditions d'une gestion spatiale de l'eau le monde de l'eau face aux filieres de gestion des espaces." Paris, ENGREF, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENGR0061.
Full textOuld, Ahmed Mahmoud Ould Ragel Ahmed. "Problèmes de gestion de l'eau en Mauritanie." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5447.
Full textMartin, Elsa. "Aspects économiques de gestion de l'eau souterraine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24013.
Full textThis thesis is about economic problems of groundwater management. There are three essays, mainly theoretical, being introduced with a first chapter. This one consists in a literature review on the subject. It aims at explaining the various inefficiencies linked with groundwater exploitation that are modelled in the essays. The first essay is about a real aquifer: the Crau one (South-East of France). A static Nash game is built. While the heterogenous agents (urban and industrial users) using the groundwater resource are overexploiting it, an irrigation association is replenishing it through the percolations induced by its members activity which is a traditional costly one. We show that a local groundwater management committee can always implement a budget-balanced fiscal scheme consisting in slowing down the groundwater extractions through a pigovian tax and inducing its optimal replenishment through subsidizing the irrigation association. The purpose of the second essay is quite different since it aims at bringing to the fore, within the framework of a dynamic model of optimal control with representative agents, the inefficiencies due to the lack of coordination of internalizing policies at the European level, concentrating on the water framework directive and the common agricultural policy. We show that, if an aquifer constitutes the vector of various positive and negative externalities induced by several economic activities, these inefficiencies can compensate themselves in such a way that the implementation of such policies by two distinct authorities playing an open-loop Nash game produces inefficiencies. In this special case, the efficient solution consists in a coordinated fiscal scheme between both the authorities. The last essay revisits the Gisser and Sanchez effect according to which a groundwater management policy would not generate significant welfare gains with respect to a situation with no control. In order to do this, we propose to make the number of farmers endogenous in Rubio and Casino's (2001) differential game. We then show that, at the steady state, the Gisser and Sanchez effect does not work anymore since the benefit at the stationary equilibrium is zero, although it is positive if a central planner intervenes
Rayaleh, Hassan-Omar. "La gestion d'une pénurie : l'eau à Djibouti." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE1052.
Full textSince the creation of Djibouti at the end of nineteenth century until today, the requirements out of water for the city were always higher than the offer. In this context of structural shortage, during first half of twentieth century, the lack of water in the city was worsened by the mode of management of the service which privileged economic probability with the detriment of the general interest of the colony. Since 1950, the water service was nationalised by the local authorities which gave themselves the means of improving its quality in order to face the new economic and social situation of the colony. But since the independance, the lack of water in the city is accentuated by a high demographic growth which maintains the rising of the request. Today, in front of the persistence of the shortage, the National Office of Water of Djibouti set up a strategy of management based upon the unequal supply of the users, the limitation of the consumption and the recognition of the informal of water organization. This pragmatic policy contributes to the emergence of a social model of management of the shortage in which all the actors find their account, for the time being
Legrand, Pauline. "Influence des conditions de fonctionnement de la pile à combustible sur les performances du dispositif et la durabilité de la membrane." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767130.
Full textEl, Battiui Mohamed. "L'eau au Moyen-Orient: entre gestion et instrumentalisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210507.
Full textL’eau est vitale dans toutes les économies. C’est à cause de son rôle prépondérant pour la survie que les tensions politiques autour des basins et des fleuves internationaux tendent à être particulièrement très épineuses. Actuellement, la mauvaise répartition de cette ressource pose un sérieux problème du fait qu’elle est gérée en fonction de stratégies politiques et non en fonction des réalités hydrologiques régionales. Nous expliquons à l’aide de la « Enhanced Power Matrix Model » (La Matrice de FREY et NAFF améliorée) que les tensions autour des bassins et des fleuves au Moyen – Orient n’aboutiront pas à des conflits armés mais à une situation de non guerre et de non paix, très peu propice à la coopération. Pour sortir de cette situation de blocage, nous proposons aux décideurs politiques et aux négociateurs, sur base de l’article 6 de la Convention de New York de 1997 sur « les cours d’eau internationaux à d’autres usages que la navigation », un modèle de répartition de la ressource hydrique entre les différents riverains d’un cours d’eau international. Face à cette situation, beaucoup de pays de la région tentent de mettre de façon unilatérale des modèles de gestion macroéconomique :réduction de la demande ou l’augmentation de l’offre de l’eau. Ces modèles se heurtent à des obstacles de nature économique, politique, sociologique et culturelle. Dans un objectif de conception de nouveaux modèles de gestion de l’eau, nous proposons un modèle coopératif, les projets de transfert inter – bassin, pour faire face à la mauvaise répartition de cette ressource au Moyen – Orient.
Nous appuyons sur la méthodologie multicritère d’aide à la décision pour opérationnaliser l’article 6 de la Convention de New York et pouvoir comparer les différents projets de transfert inter - bassin. Cette méthodologie fait appel à un logiciel d’aide à la décision « Décision Lab 2000 ». Le commentaire des résultats fournis par ce logiciel nous a permit de tirer l’enseignement suivant :seuls les projets qui présentent une faisabilité politique élevée arrivent en tête de classement. Ce qui nous fait dire que la question de l’eau au Moyen – Orient est, avant tout, une question politique.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Karst, Nicolas. "Gestion de l'eau dans les micropiles à combustible." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0030.
Full textThe fuel cell, whose energy efficiency is potentially higher than that of the best Li-ion batteries currently proposed on the market, shows the possibility for considerable autonomies for wandering apparatuses. One of the main objectives to be reached for their marketing is the water management. This work aims at understanding and resolving this issue. We carried out studies on the influences of various environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity,. . . ) as well structural factors (thickness of the cathodic collector, addition of a diffusion layer at cathode, packaging,. . . ) on water management. We propose solutions allowing management of both drying and flooding of micro fuel cells. One of the characteristics of the micro fuel cell studied here is that it is an air-breathing device using directly oxygen from air as combustive. It comes out from this study that these micro fuel cells are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. In order to obtain optimal performances on a broad range of temperature and relative humidity, a completely passive water management will be insufficient. Thanks to the various results obtained during this work, a first prototype made up of nine micro fuel cells with an active water management is presented
Marchand, Marielle. "Gestion de l'eau dans les piles à combustible." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0142.
Full textOuld, Bebaha Sidi. "Le coût de l'eau dans l'agriculture irriguée en Mauritanie : convergences et divergences de la politique agricole et de la politique de l'eau." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5735.
Full textDaugas-Sinda, Annie. "La stratégie de l'entreprise agricole : application à la gestion de la petite entreprise du secteur agricole en France." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0031.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is the application of strategic management's principles and problematic to small french agricultural firms, and to take into account the common characteristics of these firms as well as their differences. After introducing the institutional and economic setting for french farming, the concepts, tools and methods of strategic analysis which are appropriate are analyzed. Application of the competitive analysis approach to agricultural firms requires that the state as client, financier, and legislator be taken into account among the competitive forces. The contingent approach to strategy permits the enlargement of the sectorial dynamic by taking into consideration the cooperative behaviors which directly influence the strategic management of these firms. Next, agricultural firms are observed using the strategic management tools developed. The demand and its evolution are analyzed : not only food products, but also industrial, tourist and ecological products. Agricultural supply, which is both dependent on nature and the seasons as well as bound to the
Tong, Ngoc-Tu. "Gestion de l'eau dans les opérations d'aménagement du territoire." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010031.
Full textTedjini, Marwan. "Gestion de l'eau à l'interface de collage Silicium/Silicium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY109.
Full textThe direct bonding is microelectronic technic which allow to bond two materials without adding adhesive materials. This technic is well known and used to create SOI substrate with the Smart Cut® technic. The chemical affinity, the roughness and the cleanness of the materials are the mains controlled parameters to achieve the bonding. Among the most studied bonding, the Silicon to Silicon hydrophilic direct bonding is the most classical. Studies have shown that the water is able to go through the native oxide layers and to oxide the raw material before 300°C. So this water is accountable of the quality of the bonding and his management study is fundamental in this particular case.By using many chemistry and bonding atmosphere we were able to create samples with multiples defects density spectrum. With different characterization technics like acoustic scanning microscopy, blade introduction bonding energy measurement, IR and mass spectroscopy and X rays and neutrons reflectivity, we have shown that water is able to penetrate and go out of the bonding by diffusion along the interface. Collaborations with the Laue-Langevin Institute and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility were necessary to access to some key characterization equipment proving this phenomena. The study of the kinetical movement have shown that it follow a quadratic laws as predicted by the Lucas-Wahsburn equations or an alternative model based on a diffusion law which describe more precisely the evolution of water front shape. Finally, by precisely controlling the water quantity at the bonding interface, before and after the bonding, we manage to obtain silicon to silicon direct bonding with almost no defects regardless of the annealing temperature. It seems that the control of the native silicon oxide nature is determinant factor to obtain this result. We have clearly shown that it is necessary to have a good bonding energy at the moment of the dihydrogen production to prevent the growing of potential existing defects. Therefore the interfacial waters is necessary but so are the nature of the bonding and the control of the generated dihydrogen quantity
Ronin, Marguerite. "La gestion commune de l'eau dans le droit romain." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3022.
Full textYeo, Eun Tae. "La gestion de l'eau en Corée et en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010289.
Full textAs for the main purpose of water management, water must be rationally managed and protected in a clean and health manner for human and environment. In this sense, we question the current Korean legal regime for water management which is highly fragmented and thus not able to achieve the main purpose of water management. Moreover "conflict" in a term that characterizes the water management approach in Korea. Debates on water management reform are certainly not new in Korea. In fact, previous studies carried out on administrative and legislative aspects of water management emphasize the need for a new legal framework reflecting a paradigm shift towards watershed and participator management associating local governments and residents. Thus, with regard to it, we decided to consider French water management law. From half a century ago, with the Water Act of 1964, France has appraised and integrate administrative aspects of water management at the level of river basins. Regarding to water law, France has undertaken the improvement of its legislation by adopting recognized principles of the international environmental law in water management. Thus, we consider that France's Iegislative effort towards water management could serve as a mode) for Korea's Iegislative research in water law
El, Gueddari Zouhair. "L'impact de l'industrie agricole sur l'eau et l'environnement de la région du Gharb." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ37843.pdf.
Full textPelzer, Stéphane. "Activité agricole et pollution de l'eau : vers une responsabilité environnementale des exploitants agricoles ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0116/document.
Full textFarming has always been a source of pollution for water. This link has been reinforced by establishing a common Agricultural control Policy in the EU. In fact the common Agricultural Policy is based on productivisme optiminzing the yield of land by using manure as well as fertilizers, polluting water to a High degree.However some reforms and a specific tax legislation have been created in order to reduce harmful effects on agriculture and on water ressources unfurtunately these legal and institutionnal instruments have proved ineffective.Therefore governements have sought to make farmers aware of there responsabilities with regards to pollution. Despite these efforts, the diffuse nature of water pollution has been obstacle to the implementation of such a regime agricultural pollution.Consequently goverments have no choice but to turn to more flexible instruments that allow polluters to be associated to the various mesasures taken to avoid the pollution of water, particurly by getting polluters involved in the procès and making them signe contracts
Rakoto-Ramiarantsoa, Hervé. "Chair de la terre, oeil de l'eau : paysanneries et recompositions de campagnes en Imerina, Madagascar /." Paris : Éd. de l'ORSTOM, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358032748.
Full textORSTOM = Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération. En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 314-324.
Mourdi, Khaoula. "Gestion de l’entreposage d’une entreprise agricole : cartographie, modélisation et optimisation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69194.
Full textThis master thesis discusses the problem of storage management in the second largest warehouse of a Quebec company working in the agricultural industry. Warehousing faces a seasonality of demand concentrated during 3 to 4 months of each year. This concentration of demand causes losses in the efficiency of warehouse storage operations, which become overloaded. In addition, the products are stored in different packages and are quantified in different units, which makes the warehouse management problem more complex. In order to analyze the situation and solve the problem, we start by determining the capacity of this warehouse. Then, we analyze the inventory needs and we finally propose and solve a problem of Storage Location Assignment Problem (SLAP). We start with a presentation of our industrial partner and a detailed presentation of the problem. We then present a literature review of the articles dealing with the studied problem. Next, a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the theoretical capacity of the warehouse under study is performed. This step is followed by the inventory needs analysis where the process of the pallet storage needs assessment is presented. Next, a mathematical model is proposed to solve the Storage Location Assignment Problem (SLAP); this model minimizes the loss of pallet space in the warehouse racks, the number of hidden pallets on the floor and the number of unassigned pallets. We study the performance of the model under changing product demand concentration, warehouse configuration, pallet types and product types. We end with a conclusion and future directions for this problem.
Pérennès, Jean-Jacques. "L'eau, les paysans et l'état : la question hydraulique dans les pays du Maghreb." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21013.
Full textMaghrib is facing an alimentary challenge never known before in its history: how to feed a population doubling in number each twenty years, whereas the agricultural potentialities are under strong restraints (exiguous soils; fluctuating climate) despite the emergency of an agricultural revolution, the efforts towards an intensive agriculture since two decades are very far from the expected results. This research is an attemps to evaluate the hydro-agricultural policies in morocco, algeria and tunisia. However any evaluation in this case ought to be moderate: the small scale of cropping intensity on the large schemes cannot overshadow some localised successes. Yet it remains true that the maghribean peasants are not still ready to adhere massively to the promoting program set up ty the states. Hence this research will try to establish what is due to the milieu (aridity, climatic fluctuations. . . ) and what is traceable to history (the weight of colonial choices, the influence of the bureau d'etudes). Yet the first concern here is to show how the main options taken by the states lead to a social and technical dynamic hardly compatible with the peasantry's motivation, by rather serve other interests. At the end of a comparative evaluation of hydro-agricultural policies in the three countries, the study ends on some propositions which put the emphasis not on technics, but on the socio-political. .
Loubier, Sébastien. "Gestion durable des équipements d'hydraulique agricole : conséquences sur la tarification et les politiques publiques en hydraulique agricole." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10049.
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