Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion de données décentralisée'
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Makhloufi, Rafik. "Vers une gestion adaptative des réseaux complexes : cas de la surveillance décentralisée de données agrégées." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0006.
Full textAutonomous management infrastructures based on self-* functions currently offer a first degree of autonomy, but they are often based on non-adaptive approaches. Conversely, their target networks are dynamics in terms of, for example, size, mobility, services and usages. Thus, adapting self-management infrastructures to the supporting network operational behavior is essential in order to ensure their performance and minimize their cost. The work carried out in this thesis aims at de-signing an autonomous management infra-structure able to adapt itself to the operational context of the managed network. The management function we are interested in is the decentralized monitoring of aggregated information, which can be based on gossip, aggregation trees or situated view protocols. To achieve these objectives, we propose a de-centralized self-adaptive management frame-work, based on fuzzy inference and multiple criteria decision making. For this purpose, we surveyed the existing decentralized aggregation protocols, and then we benchmarked one typical protocol from each category. Based on the obtained results, the proposed approach continuously analyzes the network state in order to retrieve the properties of the current context, and then selects the best aggregation strategy to use accordingly. Thus, the selected strategy is the one that maximizes the performance of the aggregation and minimizes its cost. The multiple criteria validation of the pro-posed approach through simulation shows that this one provides a good performance with an acceptable cost
Matta, Natalie. "Vers une gestion décentralisée des données des réseaux de capteurs dans le contexte des smart grids." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0010/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the decentralized management of data collected by wireless sensor networks which are deployed in a smart grid, i.e. the evolved new generation electricity network. It proposes a decentralized architecture based on multi-agent systems for both data and energy management in the smart grid. In particular, our works deal with data management of sensor networks which are deployed in the distribution electric subsystem of a smart grid. They aim at answering two key challenges: (1) detection and identification of failure and disturbances requiring swift reporting and appropriate reactions; (2) efficient management of the growing volume of data caused by the proliferation of sensors and other sensing entities such as smart meters. The management of this data can call upon several methods, including the aggregation of data packets on which we focus in this thesis. To this end, we propose to aggregate (PriBaCC) and/or to correlate (CoDA) the contents of these data packets in a decentralized manner. Data processing will thus be done faster, consequently leading to rapid and efficient decision-making concerning energy management. The validation of our contributions by means of simulation has shown that they meet the identified challenges. It has also put forward their enhancements with respect to other existing approaches, particularly in terms of reducing data volume as well as transmission delay of high priority data
Abdallah, Nada. "Raisonnements standard et non-standard pour les systèmes décentralisés de gestion de données et de connaissances." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536926.
Full textJavet, Ludovic. "Privacy-preserving distributed queries compatible with opportunistic networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG038.
Full textIn today's society, where IoT and digital platforms are transforming our daily lives, personal data is generated in profusion and its usage is often beyond our control. Recent legislations like the GDPR in Europe propose concrete solutions to regulate these new practices and protect our privacy. Meanwhile, on the technical side, new architectures are emerging to respond to this urgent need to reclaim our own personal data. This is the case of Personal Data Management Systems (PDMS) which offer a decentralized way to store and manage personal data, empowering individuals with greater control over their digital lives.This thesis explores the distributed use of these PDMS in an Opportunistic Network context, where messages are transferred from one device to another without the need for any infrastructure. The objective is to enable the implementation of complex processing crossing data from thousands of individuals, while guaranteeing the security and fault tolerance of the executions.The proposed approach leverages the Trusted Execution Environments to define a new computing paradigm, entitled Edgelet computing, that satisfies both validity, resiliency and privacy properties. Contributions include: (1) security mechanisms to protect executions from malicious attacks seeking to plunder personal data, (2) resiliency strategies to tolerate failures and message losses induced by the fully decentralized environment, (3) extensive validations and practical demonstrations of the proposed methods
Bou, Farah Mira. "Méthodes utilisant des fonctions de croyance pour la gestion des informations imparfaites dans les réseaux de véhicules." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0208/document.
Full textThe popularization of vehicles has created safety and environmental problems. Projects havebeen launched worldwide to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion and bring more comfortto drivers. The vehicle network environment is dynamic and complex, sources are often heterogeneous,and therefore the exchanged information may be imperfect. The theory of belief functionsoffers flexibility in uncertainty modeling and provides rich tools for managing different types of imperfection.It is used to represent uncertainty, manage and fuse the various acquired information.We focus on the management of imperfect information exchanged between vehicles concerningevents on the road. The carried work distinguishes local events and spatial events, which do nothave the same characteristics. In an environment without infrastructure where each vehicle is afusion center and creates its own vision, the goal is to provide to each driver the synthesis of thesituation on the road as close as possible to the reality. Different models using belief functionsare proposed. Different strategies are considered: discount or reinforce towards the absence of theevent to take into account messages ageing, keep the original messages or just the fusion result invehicle database, consider the world update, manage the spatiality of traffic jam events by takinginto account neighborhood. Perspectives remain numerous; some are developed in the manuscriptas the generalization of proposed methods to all spatial events such as fog blankets
Zair, Tarik. "La gestion décentralisée du développement économique au Maroc." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10001.
Full textAttempt to shapeg a minimal State, the territorial decentralization is considered nowadays as on inevitable way to reach the local development. In Morocco, the option in favour of the local authorities, as economic agents, is the result of an “utilitarian necessity” which imposed itself on the central power. The State aims at hiding its inability to get the country out of its economic crises and to make responsible the decentralized power responsible for possible failures. Decentralized management of the economic development disclose a large amount of legal constraints that the reforms of 2002 were not able to overcome. Decentralized institutional and territorial frameworks turn out to be ill-adapted. The distribution of the economic skills was done at the expense on the local autonomies. The specific character of the economic skill favours the normative constraints which impose themselves on the decentralized powers. The growing politicization of the local development has probably weakened it. The difference of interest involved was done at the expense of the clarity which is necessary to the economic success. Thus, the development has taking a redistributive dimension and has not created wealth. The application of decentralized politic of development, in spite of its variety, resulted in visible shortcomings. The planning of the local development and its management show the difficulties to connect the two. The effectiveness of a decentralized politic of development is dependent on the improvement of the ressources devoted to the local development and on the overcoming of methodological gaps
Rahim-Amoud, Rana. "Gestion autonome et décentralisée des réseaux MPLS-DiffServ TE." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0001.
Full textThe size of the networks is increasingly important and their configuration and their piloting is becoming complex. So the network community is, more and more, conscious of the need for allowing the networks to be self-configured and self-controlled in an autonomous way. This need led us to propose an adaptive architecture based on a Multi-Agent System (MAS) to ensure an autonomous and decentralized management of MPLS DiffServ-TE network. MPLS DiffServ-TE combines the advantages of DiffServ and MPLS-TE by allowing a differentiation of services and traffic forwarding on the basis of the required resources. However, the management of such a network is not a simple function and could not be done manually. So, we defined the characteristics which we think necessary to create an autonomous network and we showed that all these characteristics are provided by the MAS. We also proposed an LSP management strategy, based on a traffic-driven approach and dependant on the traffic load. The goal of this strategy is to reduce the number of LSPs and the number of signaling operations in the network. To define this strategy, we studied the choice of the suitable approach to design an MPLS network, the factors which influence the MAS decisions, the cases of exchanges between the various agents as well as the treatments to be realized at the reception of each type of request. In our proposal, we distinguished two different cases, the first one allocates a fixed percentage of all the physical link capacity for each class of service of DiffServ, while the second one allocates a dynamic percentage managed by the MAS. The tests carried out showed the effectiveness of our strategy which reduces the number of LSPs and the number of signaling operations as well as the blocking rate in the network
Caire, Raphaël. "Gestion de la production décentralisée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0084.
Full textDeregulations of the energy market, followed by many privatizations, and vertical disintegrations brought a complete reorganization of the electric sector. The opening of the energy markets as well as the technological developments of the means of production of small and average power strongly encourage this evolution. A systematic methodology to study the transmission of impacts between the Low and Medium Voltage is initially proposed, after a quick state of the art of the various possible impacts. The voltage deviattion is then identified as the most critical impact. This criticality is supported by quantitative studies on French typical networks, and is confirmed by the related literature. In order to solve this impact, a research of the means of action within tension of the distribution network and their modeling is carried out. As the manipulated variables of the means of adjustment available are discrete or continuous, specific tools are then developed to coordinate them. This coordination is pressed on optimization algorithms developed by holding account of inherent specificity with the manipulated variables. A methodology for the choice or optimal location of the adjustment means associated with a management of the voltage deviation is presented. Lastly, "decentralized" strategies of coordination for the means of adjustment and a proposal for a experimental validation are presented, thanks to a real time simulator, making it possible to test the strategies of coordination and the necessary means of communication
Awah, Abdellahi. "Approche organisationnelle de l'émergence d'une gestion stratégique décentralisée des universités." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0021.
Full textThe centralised administration crisis of university provides the state to change high education policy. The contractual policy takes part in modernization programm of french administration, launched in 1989 ; it follows the objective of extending the management autonomy of universities. Introducing the notion of establishment project, it invites universities to present strategic planning of developpement concretly translated by aims and programs of action. In these conditions, one may ask areself if adaptability of management tools can suit universities. The reason is that they are specific on a level structure and decision process at the same time. Therefore, the main question of our reasarch is to study the possibility of strategic management specific to universities. Begenning by an organizational approach based on mintzberg theory, we conclude that each university's strategy has to take into account the structural fragmentation, the academic autonomy and the complexity of decision process. Its mission is to introduce a minimum coherence in different sectorial strategies of actors
Zhang, He. "Gestion décentralisée de réseaux continus à forte disponibilité en aéronautique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10032/document.
Full textThe electrification trend is for all modes of transportation, particularly in the next generation of commercial aircrafts. This trend began with the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 and it will continue. The replacement of mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic power transfers by an electrical one is one of the most important innovations of the More Electric Aircraft in the aspect of ecologic and economic (weight reduction, energy efficiency increasing, maintenance costs reduction, etc..). The development of a local power exchange network, like a DC one, should facilitate this process. Some local electricity production, bi-directional loads and energy storage and dissipation system, are then interconnected by a DC bus, via some appropriate protections. Several power management strategies are proposed. Depending on the objectives, constraints and means of action envisaged, some tools have been implemented. In the case of a multiple objectives strategy, fuzzy logic appears to be a well suited tool . Moreover, being based on rules, this tool allows to develop naturally a power management strategy in considering several constraints. Two indicators to evaluate performance of these supervision strategies have been proposed (energy efficiency and voltage variation). These indicators help to choose a strategy of supervision, and provide criteria for sizing the storage and dissipation system. These supervision strategies were tested experimentally. The stability of the local DC network was analyzed in small signal. It is shown that the hybrid system with the associated energy management strategy can help to increase the stability margin of this type of network. The currently power connection being implemented in on-board systems is not reversible in power. To make it reversible necessitates a complete redesign of the protections. The problem of short-circuit protection and fault isolation has been investigated. A method to select the branch in insulation failure is proposed. It is tested using the Saber simulation tool that takes into account the characteristics of real components. The work in this thesis can be generalized and to be applied in other fields such as electric or hybrid vehicles, rail systems …etc
Gilliard, Hervé. "La gestion de la qualité des hydrosystèmes : la concertation décentralisée." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0482.
Full textAlsalloum, Hala. "Gestion décentralisée des interactions complexes entre producteurs et consommateurs d'énergie électrique." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0008.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the proposal of a decentralized approach for managing energy demand in the context of smart grids. The main objective is to promote energy savings and the use of clean energy resources, while encouraging users to actively participate in demand management. In this regard, controlling energy consumption becomes a priority. It applies at several levels from the neighborhood to the city. The work presented in this thesis falls within this framework. We first present a modeling of the various behaviors of the agents present within the energy market, based on game theory while taking into account several constraints such as the heterogeneity of producers and consumers present, and the spatial and temporal constraints. Then, we try to meet their needs by: (1) optimizing the demand for energy (from consumers’ side who themselves become energy producers through the integration of renewable energies) and (2) its price (from producers’ side). Finally, we propose distributed algorithms shared between players to achieve a stable state of the game. Comparisons with conventional scenarios known in this field have shown the effectiveness of our contributions
Medina, Marquez Alejandro. "L'analyse des données évolutives." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090022.
Full textDan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Full textThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Dong, Alyssia. "Algorithmes asynchrones pour la gestion décentralisée des réseaux électriques soumis aux aléas de communication." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENSR0035.
Full textSmart grids are based on the interaction of an electrical network and a communication network between distributed, "intelligent" and communicating agents. In the case of a traditional electrical network, unforeseen events (loss of an equipment, line congestion, etc.) are mainly absorbed and compensated by the inertia of the network and its operating reserve. Smart grids aim to reduce this dependency by using intelligent distributed management strategies using information exchange and therefore based on a communication network. The impact of the communication network's reliability is a critical issue that we must address. This project aims at analyzing the impact of communication hazards on the resilience of a smart grid and at developing strategies that take these hazards into account in order to guarantee the operability and efficiency of the smart grid. In particular, we investigate three types of algorithms: a peer-to-peer market algorithm, an Optimal Power Flow algorithm that takes into account the physical constraints of the power grid, and finally an endogenous peer-to-peer market algorithm. We have studied in depth the principles of asynchronous algorithms, which help to minimize the waiting time at each iteration, as well as the effects of communication network hazards on the asynchronous resolution of these algorithms
André, Cyrille. "Approche crédibiliste pour la fusion multi capteurs décentralisée." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976761.
Full textLe, Béchec Antony. "Gestion, analyse et intégration des données transcriptomiques." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S051.
Full textAiming at a better understanding of diseases, transcriptomic approaches allow the analysis of several thousands of genes in a single experiment. To date, international standard initiatives have allowed the utilization of large quantity of data generated using transcriptomic approaches by the whole scientific community, and a large number of algorithms are available to process and analyze the data sets. However, the major challenge remaining to tackle is now to provide biological interpretations to these large sets of data. In particular, their integration with additional biological knowledge would certainly lead to an improved understanding of complex biological mechanisms. In my thesis work, I have developed a novel and evolutive environment for the management and analysis of transcriptomic data. Micro@rray Integrated Application (M@IA) allows for management, processing and analysis of large scale expression data sets. In addition, I elaborated a computational method to combine multiple data sources and represent differentially expressed gene networks as interaction graphs. Finally, I used a meta-analysis of gene expression data extracted from the literature to select and combine similar studies associated with the progression of liver cancer. In conclusion, this work provides a novel tool and original analytical methodologies thus contributing to the emerging field of integrative biology and indispensable for a better understanding of complex pathophysiological processes
Maniu, Silviu. "Gestion des données dans les réseaux sociaux." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0053/document.
Full textWe address in this thesis some of the issues raised by the emergence of social applications on the Web, focusing on two important directions: efficient social search inonline applications and the inference of signed social links from interactions between users in collaborative Web applications. We start by considering social search in tagging (or bookmarking) applications. This problem requires a significant departure from existing, socially agnostic techniques. In a network-aware context, one can (and should) exploit the social links, which can indicate how users relate to the seeker and how much weight their tagging actions should have in the result build-up. We propose an algorithm that has the potential to scale to current applications, and validate it via extensive experiments. As social search applications can be thought of as part of a wider class of context-aware applications, we consider context-aware query optimization based on views, focusing on two important sub-problems. First, handling the possible differences in context between the various views and an input query leads to view results having uncertain scores, i.e., score ranges valid for the new context. As a consequence, current top-k algorithms are no longer directly applicable and need to be adapted to handle such uncertainty in object scores. Second, adapted view selection techniques are needed, which can leverage both the descriptions of queries and statistics over their results. Finally, we present an approach for inferring a signed network (a "web of trust")from user-generated content in Wikipedia. We investigate mechanisms by which relationships between Wikipedia contributors - in the form of signed directed links - can be inferred based their interactions. Our study sheds light into principles underlying a signed network that is captured by social interaction. We investigate whether this network over Wikipedia contributors represents indeed a plausible configuration of link signs, by studying its global and local network properties, and at an application level, by assessing its impact in the classification of Wikipedia articles.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Maniu, Silviu. "Gestion des données dans les réseaux sociaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0053.
Full textWe address in this thesis some of the issues raised by the emergence of social applications on the Web, focusing on two important directions: efficient social search inonline applications and the inference of signed social links from interactions between users in collaborative Web applications. We start by considering social search in tagging (or bookmarking) applications. This problem requires a significant departure from existing, socially agnostic techniques. In a network-aware context, one can (and should) exploit the social links, which can indicate how users relate to the seeker and how much weight their tagging actions should have in the result build-up. We propose an algorithm that has the potential to scale to current applications, and validate it via extensive experiments. As social search applications can be thought of as part of a wider class of context-aware applications, we consider context-aware query optimization based on views, focusing on two important sub-problems. First, handling the possible differences in context between the various views and an input query leads to view results having uncertain scores, i.e., score ranges valid for the new context. As a consequence, current top-k algorithms are no longer directly applicable and need to be adapted to handle such uncertainty in object scores. Second, adapted view selection techniques are needed, which can leverage both the descriptions of queries and statistics over their results. Finally, we present an approach for inferring a signed network (a "web of trust")from user-generated content in Wikipedia. We investigate mechanisms by which relationships between Wikipedia contributors - in the form of signed directed links - can be inferred based their interactions. Our study sheds light into principles underlying a signed network that is captured by social interaction. We investigate whether this network over Wikipedia contributors represents indeed a plausible configuration of link signs, by studying its global and local network properties, and at an application level, by assessing its impact in the classification of Wikipedia articles.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Benchkron, Said Soumia. "Bases de données et logiciels intégrés." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090025.
Full textCastelltort, Arnaud. "Historisation de données dans les bases de données NoSQLorientées graphes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20076.
Full textThis thesis deals with data historization in the context of graphs. Graph data have been dealt with for many years but their exploitation in information systems, especially in NoSQL engines, is recent. The emerging Big Data and 3V contexts (Variety, Volume, Velocity) have revealed the limits of classical relational databases. Historization, on its side, has been considered for a long time as only linked with technical and backups issues, and more recently with decisional reasons (Business Intelligence). However, historization is now taking more and more importance in management applications.In this framework, graph databases that are often used have received little attention regarding historization. Our first contribution consists in studying the impact of historized data in management information systems. This analysis relies on the hypothesis that historization is taking more and more importance. Our second contribution aims at proposing an original model for managing historization in NoSQL graph databases.This proposition consists on the one hand in elaborating a unique and generic system for representing the history and on the other hand in proposing query features.We show that the system can support both simple and complex queries.Our contributions have been implemented and tested over synthetic and real databases
Pham, Thi Thu Hà. "Influences de la production décentralisée sur la gestion des infrastructures critiques des réseaux de puissance." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0123.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is, based on the analyses of the dispersed generation (DG) impacts in the electrical networks (transmission and distribution), to propose a new methodology of management of the critical situations in the power system with large scale of decentralized production penetration. This new methodology based on the intentional islanding concept at multiple levels of voltage using the DG. The developed idea was to integrate the new DG's exploitation modes in the action plans of electrical power system in the great disturbance case or total black-out by using different multi-level and multi-objective optimization techniques with constraints. This method is named Deep Build Together for considering the rebuilding simultaneous in upstream and downstream processes by transmission and distribution networks. Thereby, in case of major failure, many customers (in particular the priority customers) would be restored earlier and the system restoration duration would be reduced. Numerous technical aspects had been analyzed to justify the feasibility of this methodology. A parametrical comparison, in function of DG penetration rate, between the proposed strategy Deep Build Together and the one which is actually used, allowed the first validation of this new strategy of management of the critical situations
Kermarrec, Anne-Marie. "Réseaux logiques collaboratifs pour la recherche décentralisée dans les systèmes à large échelle." Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/riviere.pdf.
Full textIt is necessary to propose system-level mechanisms to help the deployment of large-scale distributed applications, adapted to dynamism and scale shifts. More specifically, one such service of primordial importance is the search mechanism. These systems are based upon overlay structures, linking application data elements in a logical network whose structure provides a support for decentralized search. This thesis investigates first the support of instant query mechanisms, and presents VoroNet and RayNet, two systems that natively support search with high expressivity and full exhaustiveness. Then, the support of the publish/subscribe communication paradigm in a fully decentralized way is investigated. Two self-organizing overlays are presented. Rappel supports efficiently RSS/Atom feeds dissemination by leveraging both network and semantic proximities. Sub-2-Sub is a fully distributed system supporting content-based publish and subscribe
Chardonnens, Anne. "La gestion des données d'autorité archivistiques dans le cadre du Web de données." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315804/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the management of authority records for persons. The research was conducted in an archival context in transition, which was marked by the evolution of international standards of archival description and a shift towards the application of knowledge graphs. The aim of this thesis is to explore how the archival sector can benefit from the developments concerning Linked Data in order to ensure the sustainable management of authority records. Attention is not only devoted to the creation of the records and how they are made available but also to their maintenance and their interlinking with other resources.The first part of this thesis addresses the state of the art of the developments concerning the international standards of archival description as well as those regarding the Wikibase ecosystem. The second part presents an analysis of the possibilities and limits associated with an approach in which the free software Wikibase is used. The analysis is based on an empirical study carried out with data of the Study and Documentation Centre War and Contemporary Society (CegeSoma). It explores the options that are available to institutions that have limited resources and that have not yet implemented Linked Data. Datasets that contain information of people linked to the Second World War were used to examine the different stages involved in the publication of data as Linked Open Data.The experiment carried out in the second part of the thesis shows how a knowledge base driven by software such as Wikibase streamlines the creation of multilingual structured authority data. Examples illustrate how these entities can then be reused and enriched by using external data in interfaces aimed at the general public. This thesis highlights the possibilities of Wikibase, particularly in the context of data maintenance, without ignoring the limitations associated with its use. Due to its empirical nature and the formulated recommendations, this thesis contributes to the efforts and reflections carried out within the framework of the transition of archival metadata.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tos, Uras. "Réplication de données dans les systèmes de gestion de données à grande échelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30066/document.
Full textIn recent years, growing popularity of large-scale applications, e.g. scientific experiments, Internet of things and social networking, led to generation of large volumes of data. The management of this data presents a significant challenge as the data is heterogeneous and distributed on a large scale. In traditional systems including distributed and parallel systems, peer-to-peer systems and grid systems, meeting objectives such as achieving acceptable performance while ensuring good availability of data are major challenges for service providers, especially when the data is distributed around the world. In this context, data replication, as a well-known technique, allows: (i) increased data availability, (ii) reduced data access costs, and (iii) improved fault-tolerance. However, replicating data on all nodes is an unrealistic solution as it generates significant bandwidth consumption in addition to exhausting limited storage space. Defining good replication strategies is a solution to these problems. The data replication strategies that have been proposed for the traditional systems mentioned above are intended to improve performance for the user. They are difficult to adapt to cloud systems. Indeed, cloud providers aim to generate a profit in addition to meeting tenant requirements. Meeting the performance expectations of the tenants without sacrificing the provider's profit, as well as managing resource elasticities with a pay-as-you-go pricing model, are the fundamentals of cloud systems. In this thesis, we propose a data replication strategy that satisfies the requirements of the tenant, such as performance, while guaranteeing the economic profit of the provider. Based on a cost model, we estimate the response time required to execute a distributed database query. Data replication is only considered if, for any query, the estimated response time exceeds a threshold previously set in the contract between the provider and the tenant. Then, the planned replication must also be economically beneficial to the provider. In this context, we propose an economic model that takes into account both the expenditures and the revenues of the provider during the execution of any particular database query. Once the data replication is decided to go through, a heuristic placement approach is used to find the placement for new replicas in order to reduce the access time. In addition, a dynamic adjustment of the number of replicas is adopted to allow elastic management of resources. Proposed strategy is validated in an experimental evaluation carried out in a simulation environment. Compared with another data replication strategy proposed in the cloud systems, the analysis of the obtained results shows that the two compared strategies respond to the performance objective for the tenant. Nevertheless, a replica of data is created, with our strategy, only if this replication is profitable for the provider
Duquet, Mario. "Gestion des données agrométéorologiques pour l'autoroute de l'information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61339.pdf.
Full textRhin, Christophe. "Modélisation et gestion de données géographiques multi-sources." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0010.
Full textAyari, Mouna. "Architecture de gestion décentralisée de la qualité de service par politiques dans les réseaux Ad Hoc." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066006.
Full textZelasco, José Francisco. "Gestion des données : contrôle de qualité des modèles numériques des bases de données géographiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20232.
Full textA Digital Surface Model (DSM) is a numerical surface model which is formed by a set of points, arranged as a grid, to study some physical surface, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), or other possible applications, such as a face, or some anatomical organ, etc. The study of the precision of these models, which is of particular interest for DEMs, has been the object of several studies in the last decades. The measurement of the precision of a DSM model, in relation to another model of the same physical surface, consists in estimating the expectancy of the squares of differences between pairs of points, called homologous points, one in each model which corresponds to the same feature of the physical surface. But these pairs are not easily discernable, the grids may not be coincident, and the differences between the homologous points, corresponding to benchmarks in the physical surface, might be subject to special conditions such as more careful measurements than on ordinary points, which imply a different precision. The generally used procedure to avoid these inconveniences has been to use the squares of vertical distances between the models, which only address the vertical component of the error, thus giving a biased estimate when the surface is not horizontal. The Perpendicular Distance Evaluation Method (PDEM) which avoids this bias, provides estimates for vertical and horizontal components of errors, and is thus a useful tool for detection of discrepancies in Digital Surface Models (DSM) like DEMs. The solution includes a special reference to the simplification which arises when the error does not vary in all horizontal directions. The PDEM is also assessed with DEM's obtained by means of the Interferometry SAR Technique
Sandoval, Gomez Maria Del Rosario. "Conception et réalisation du système de gestion de multibases de données MUSE : architecture de schéma multibase et gestion du catalogue des données." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066657.
Full textLiroz, Miguel. "Partitionnement dans les systèmes de gestion de données parallèles." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023039.
Full textPetit, Loïc. "Gestion de flux de données pour l'observation de systèmes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849106.
Full textLiroz-Gistau, Miguel. "Partitionnement dans les Systèmes de Gestion de Données Parallèles." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920615.
Full textGürgen, Levent. "Gestion à grande échelle de données de capteurs hétérogènes." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0093.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the issues related to scalable management of heterogeneous sensor data. Ln fact, sensors are becoming less and less expensive, more and more numerous and heterogeneous. This naturally raises the scalability problem and the need for integrating data gathered from heterogeneous sensors. We propose a distributed and service-oriented architecture in which data processing tasks are distributed at severallevels in the architecture. Data management functionalities are provided in terms of "services", in order to hide sensor heterogeneity behind generic services. We equally deal with system management issues in sensor farms, a subject not yet explored in this context
Liroz, Gistau Miguel. "Partitionnement dans les systèmes de gestion de données parallèles." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20117/document.
Full textDuring the last years, the volume of data that is captured and generated has exploded. Advances in computer technologies, which provide cheap storage and increased computing capabilities, have allowed organizations to perform complex analysis on this data and to extract valuable knowledge from it. This trend has been very important not only for industry, but has also had a significant impact on science, where enhanced instruments and more complex simulations call for an efficient management of huge quantities of data.Parallel computing is a fundamental technique in the management of large quantities of data as it leverages on the concurrent utilization of multiple computing resources. To take advantage of parallel computing, we need efficient data partitioning techniques which are in charge of dividing the whole data and assigning the partitions to the processing nodes. Data partitioning is a complex problem, as it has to consider different and often contradicting issues, such as data locality, load balancing and maximizing parallelism.In this thesis, we study the problem of data partitioning, particularly in scientific parallel databases that are continuously growing and in the MapReduce framework.In the case of scientific databases, we consider data partitioning in very large databases in which new data is appended continuously to the database, e.g. astronomical applications. Existing approaches are limited since the complexity of the workload and continuous appends restrict the applicability of traditional approaches. We propose two partitioning algorithms that dynamically partition new data elements by a technique based on data affinity. Our algorithms enable us to obtain very good data partitions in a low execution time compared to traditional approaches.We also study how to improve the performance of MapReduce framework using data partitioning techniques. In particular, we are interested in efficient data partitioning of the input datasets to reduce the amount of data that has to be transferred in the shuffle phase. We design and implement a strategy which, by capturing the relationships between input tuples and intermediate keys, obtains an efficient partitioning that can be used to reduce significantly the MapReduce's communication overhead
Etien-Gnoan, N'Da Brigitte. "L'encadrement juridique de la gestion électronique des données médicales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20022/document.
Full textThe electronic management of medical data is as much in the simple automated processing of personal data in the sharing and exchange of health data . Its legal framework is provided both by the common rules to the automated processing of all personal data and those specific to the processing of medical data . This management , even if it is a source of economy, creates protection issues of privacy which the French government tries to cope by creating one of the best legal framework in the world in this field. However , major projects such as the personal health record still waiting to be made and the right to health is seen ahead and lead by technological advances . The development of e-health disrupts relationships within one dialogue between the caregiver and the patient . The extension of the rights of patients , sharing responsibility , increasing the number of players , the shared medical confidentiality pose new challenges with which we must now count. Another crucial question is posed by the lack of harmonization of legislation increasing the risks in cross-border sharing of medical
Gueye, Modou. "Gestion de données de recommandation à très large échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0083.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the scalability problem of recommender systems. We propose accu rate and scalable algorithms. We first consider the case of matrix factorization techniques in a dynamic context, where new ratings..are continuously produced. ln such case, it is not possible to have an up to date model, due to the incompressible time needed to compute it. This happens even if a distributed technique is used for matrix factorization. At least, the ratings produced during the model computation will be missing. Our solution reduces the loss of the quality of the recommendations over time, by introducing some stable biases which track users' behavior deviation. These biases are continuously updated with the new ratings, in order to maintain the quality of recommendations at a high leve for a longer time. We also consider the context of online social networks and tag recommendation. We propose an algorithm that takes account of the popularity of the tags and the opinions of the users' neighborhood. But, unlike common nearest neighbors' approaches, our algorithm doe not rely on a fixed number of neighbors when computing a recommendation. We use a heuristic that bounds the network traversai in a way that allows to faster compute the recommendations while preserving the quality of the recommendations. Finally, we propose a novel approach that improves the accuracy of the recommendations for top-k algorithms. Instead of a fixed list size, we adjust the number of items to recommend in a way that optimizes the likelihood that ail the recommended items will be chosen by the user, and find the best candidate sub-list to recommend to the user
Djellalil, Jilani. "Conception et réalisation de multibases de données." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO3A003.
Full textFaye, David Célestin. "Médiation de données sémantique dans SenPeer, un système pair-à-pair de gestion de données." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481311.
Full textCho, Choong-Ho. "Structuration des données et caractérisation des ordonnancements admissibles des systèmes de production." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0053.
Full textThis work deals, on the one band, with the specification and the modelization of data bases for the scheduling problems in a hierarchical architecture of manufacturing systems, on the other hand, with the analytical specification of the set of feasible solutions for the decision support scheduling problems about three different types of workshops: - first, made up several machines (flowshop: sequences of operations are the same for all jobs), considering the important cri teri on as the set up times under set tasks groups) and potential. Constraints, - second, with only one machine, under the given due dates of jobs constraints, finally, organised in a jobshop, under the three previous constraints: set, potential and due dates. One of original researchs concerns the new structure: PQR trees, to characterise the set of feasible sequences of tasks
Guégot, Françoise. "Gestion d'une base de données mixte, texte et image : application à la gestion médicale dentaire." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090042.
Full textIn the frame work of organizational data processing, we have shown, on an actual example -a dental surgeon cabinet- that image display constitutes a bonus which may prove decisive in decision making. This should be considered to play down the principles governing a mixed data basic managering system. A basis of text data will be constituted through an S. I. A. D generator which will also perform the necessary processing of the said data. A basis of image data will be established. In parallel with the former, from an inventory of the various image processing techniques. Finally, both basis will be connected to form the mixed data managerial system
Le, Mahec G. "Gestion des bases de données biologiques sur grilles de calculs." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462306.
Full textPierkot, Christelle. "Gestion de la Mise à Jour de Données Géographiques Répliquées." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366442.
Full textL'institution militaire utilise elle aussi les données spatiales comme soutien et aide à la décision. A chaque étape d'une mission, des informations géographiques de tous types sont employées (données numériques, cartes papiers, photographies aériennes...) pour aider les unités dans leurs choix stratégiques. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de réseaux de communication favorise le partage et l'échange des données spatiales entre producteurs et utilisateurs situés à des endroits différents. L'information n'est pas centralisée, les données sont répliquées sur chaque site et les utilisateurs peuvent ponctuellement être déconnectés du réseau, par exemple lorsqu'une unité mobile va faire des mesures sur le terrain.
La problématique principale concerne donc la gestion dans un contexte militaire, d'une application collaborative permettant la mise à jour asynchrone et symétrique de données géographiques répliquées selon un protocole à cohérence faible optimiste. Cela nécessite de définir un modèle de cohérence approprié au contexte militaire, un mécanisme de détection des mises à jour conflictuelles lié au type de données manipulées et des procédures de réconciliation des écritures divergentes adaptées aux besoins des unités participant à la mission.
L'analyse des travaux montre que plusieurs protocoles ont été définis dans les communautés systèmes (Cederqvist :2001 ; Kermarrec :2001) et bases de données (Oracle :2003 ; Seshadri :2000) pour gérer la réplication des données. Cependant, les solutions apportées sont souvent fonctions du besoin spécifique de l'application et ne sont donc pas réutilisables dans un contexte différent, ou supposent l'existence d'un serveur de référence centralisant les données. Les mécanismes employés en information géographique pour gérer les données et les mises à jour ne sont pas non plus appropriés à notre étude car ils supposent que les données soient verrouillées aux autres utilisateurs jusqu'à ce que les mises à jour aient été intégrée (approche check in-check out (ESRI :2004), ou utilisent un serveur centralisé contenant les données de référence (versionnement : Cellary :1990).
Notre objectif est donc de proposer des solutions permettant l'intégration cohérente et autant que possible automatique, des mises à jour de données spatiales dans un environnement de réplication optimiste, multimaître et asynchrone.
Nous proposons une stratégie globale d'intégration des mises à jour spatiales basée sur une vérification de la cohérence couplé à des sessions de mises à jour. L'originalité de cette stratégie réside dans le fait qu'elle s'appuie sur des métadonnées pour fournir des solutions de réconciliation adaptées au contexte particulier d'une mission militaire.
La contribution de cette thèse est double. Premièrement, elle s'inscrit dans le domaine de la gestion de la mise à jour des données spatiales, domaine toujours très actif du fait de la complexité et de l'hétérogénéité des données (Nous limitons néanmoins notre étude aux données géographiques vectorielles) et de la relative «jeunesse » des travaux sur le sujet. Deuxièmement, elle s'inscrit dans le domaine de la gestion de la cohérence des données répliquées selon un protocole optimiste, en spécifiant en particulier, de nouveaux algorithmes pour la détection et la réconciliation de données conflictuelles, dans le domaine applicatif de l'information géographique.
Gagnon, Bertrand. "Gestion d'information sur les procédés thermiques par base de données." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65447.
Full textAntoine, Émilien. "Gestion des données distribuées avec le langage de règles: Webdamlog." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908155.
Full textLe, Mahec Gaël. "Gestion des bases de données biologiques sur grilles de calcul." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21891.
Full textCheballah, Kamal. "Aides à la gestion des données techniques des produits industriels." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0003.
Full textCobéna, Grégory. "Gestion des changements pour les données semi-structurés du Web." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0027.
Full textPeerbocus, Mohamed Ally. "Gestion de l'évolution spatiotemporelle dans une base de données géographiques." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090055.
Full textIchiba, Abdellah. "Données radar bande X et gestion prédictive en hydrologie urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1007/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis was to achieve a reliable management tool of storm water storage basins using high resolution X-band radar. It turned out that it required several research developments. The analysed case study includes a retention basin of 10000 m3 located in Val de Marne county downstream of a 2.15 km2 urban catchment. It has a twofold goal: storm water decontamination and flood protection by volume storage. Operationally the management strategies associated with these two aims are conflicting; hence, a predictive management has been set up: a routine exploitation of the basin in the anti-pollution mode, and a switch to the flood protection mode when needed. It should be based a reliable knowledge of short-term rainfall forecasts. A common way to respond to operational needs of the predictive management is to set up a warning system based on the use of radar data. For example, the CALAMAR system relies on the use of single-polarization raw radar data, coming from Meteo-France radar network, being processed with the conventional Z-R conversion methods followed by a calibration with rain gauge. However, the reliability of such warning systems has been subject to debate, often due to a questionable quality of the resulting radar rainfall estimates, compared to local rain gauges. Therefore a new methodology for more meaningful comparison of radar rainfall field products was developed during this PhD project. Being rooted to the multifractal theory, it allows a comparison of the structure and the morphology of rainfall fields in both space and time through scales. It was initially tested on CALAMAR and Meteo-France rainfall products before being applied for results confirmation on initial data from a X band radar, acquired by Ecole des Ponts ParisTech in the framework of the European project RainGain and providing data at higher resolution (up to 100 m in space and 1 min in time). The obtained results not only highlight the crucial influence of raw data processing on the scaling behaviour, but also permit to pre-define the conditions when the CALAMAR optimization may worsen the quality of rainfall estimates. Such conditions would be very difficult to detect with widely used conventional methods, which rely on a very limited number of radar pixels (only those containing rain gauges). Further extensions of the proposed methodology open new horizons for the rainfall data merging. While the scientific literature, notably around the TOMACS experiment in Japan and CASA one in the United States, highlights the operational benefits of higher resolution rainfall measurements thanks to X-band radars, its impact on the performance of hydrological models still remains a subject of debate. Indeed previous research, mainly based on conceptual models remains inconclusive. To overcome these limitations, we used two models relying on two very distinct modelling approaches: CANOE (semi-distributed and conceptual) and Multi-Hydro (fully distributed and physically based research model developed at ENPC). An operational version of CANOE and a new much finer configuration, which increases the sensitivity of the model to spatio-temporal variability of small-scale rainfall, were used. Several extensions of the Multi-Hydro were developed, including an optimization of its resolution, which greatly improves its whole functionality. It appears from this work that by taking into account the spatial and temporal variability of small-scale rainfall, the performance of hydrologic models can be increased up to 20%.Overall, we believe that this dissertation contributes to the development of new, reliable, operational tools to use in their full extent the high-resolution X-band data