Journal articles: 'Germplasm resources'

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Afolayan, G., S. P. Deshpande, S. E. Aladele, A. O. Kolawole, I. Angarawai, D. J. Nwosu, C. Michael, E. T. Blay, and E. Y. Danquah. "Genetic diversity assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism markers." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 5 (July 10, 2019): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000212.

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AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important resource to the national economy and it is essential to assess the genetic diversity in existing sorghum germplasm for better conservation, utilization and crop improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic diversity within and among sorghum germplasms collected from diverse institutes in Nigeria and Mali using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers. Genetic diversity among the germplasm was low with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.24. Analysis of Molecular Variation revealed 6% variation among germplasm and 94% within germplasms. Dendrogram revealed three groups of clustering which indicate variations within the germplasms. Private alleles identified in the sorghum accessions from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan, Nigeria and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Kano, Nigeria shows their prospect for sorghum improvement and discovery of new agronomic traits. The presence of private alleles and genetic variation within the germplasms indicates that the accessions are valuable resources for future breeding programs.

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Casler, Michael D., Kenneth P. Vogel, and Melanie Harrison. "Switchgrass Germplasm Resources." Crop Science 55, no. 6 (November 2015): 2463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.02.0076.

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Sachs, Martin M. "Cereal Germplasm Resources." Plant Physiology 149, no. 1 (January 2009): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.129205.

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Sun, Meng, Julin Ma, Zhixiang Cai, Juan Yan, Ruijuan Ma, Mingliang Yu, Yinfeng Xie, and Zhijun Shen. "Sensory Determination of Peach and Nectarine Germplasms with Instrumental Analysis." Foods 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2023): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12244444.

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The flavour and mouthfeel of peaches are crucial qualities of peach germplasm resources that significantly influence consumer preferences. In this study, we utilized 212 peach germplasm resources from the Nanjing Peach Resource Repository, National Fruit Germplasm facility, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences as materials for sensory analysis, electronic nose analysis, and composition analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the sensory analysis, we divided 212 peach germplasms into three clusters based on hierarchical cluster analysis (d = 5). No.27, No.151, and No.46 emerged as the most representative of these clusters. The electronic nose was used to conduct an evaluation of the aroma profiles of the 212 peach germplasms, revealing that the primary distinguishing factors of peach aroma can be attributed to three sensors: W1S (methane), W1W (terpenes and organosulfur compounds), and W5S (hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds). The primary differences in the aromatic substances were characterized by sensors W2W (aromatic compounds, sulphur, and chlorine compounds) and W1C (aromatic benzene). The HPLC analysis indicated that the persistence of peach sensory characteristics was positively correlated with acids and sourness and negatively correlated with sweetness and the ratio of sugar to acids. The overall impression of the 212 peach germplasms revealed a negative correlation with acids, while a positive correlation was observed between the overall impression and the ratio of sugar to acids. Therefore, this study substantially contributes to the preliminary screening of the analysed specific characteristics of peach germplasms such as No.27, No.46, No.151, and No.211. These selections may provide valuable information for the potential creation of superior germplasm resources.

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Renzi, W., Y. Yong, and L. Gaochao. "CHINESE PERSIMMON GERMPLASM RESOURCES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 436 (January 1997): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.436.3.

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Ellis, T. H. Noel. "Germplasm resources in legumes." Plant Genetic Resources 9, no. 01 (March 4, 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262110000432.

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ABELSON, P. H. "Resources of Plant Germplasm." Science 253, no. 5022 (August 23, 1991): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5022.833.

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Wu, Limei, Jiageng Du, Yidan Zhang, Yuqin Xue, Chengyao Jiang, Wei Lu, Yangxia Zheng, Chengbo Zhou, Aisheng Xiong, and Mengyao Li. "Identification and Evaluation of Celery Germplasm Resources for Salt Tolerance." Agronomy 14, no. 5 (May 15, 2024): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051048.

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This study evaluated the salt tolerance in 40 celery germplasm resources to clarify the different salt tolerances of celery germplasm. A gradient treatment with different concentrations of NaCl solutions (100, 200, and 300 mmol·L−1) was used to simulate salt stress. After 15 days of salt treatment, 14 indicators related to plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry were determined. The results showed that different celery varieties responded differently to salt stress. Notably, there were significant variations in below-ground dry weight, root–crown ratio, antioxidant enzyme activity, and soluble protein content among the accessions under salt stress. Principal component analysis was used to identify important indices for evaluating salt tolerance, including plant height, spread, content of soluble protein, and so on. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted utilizing the salt damage index, principal component analysis, affiliation function analysis, and cluster analysis. The 40 celery germplasms were classified into five highly salt-tolerant, seven salt-tolerant, fifteen moderately salt-tolerant, nine salt-sensitive, and four highly salt-sensitive germplasms. SHHXQ, MXKQ, XBQC, XQ, and TGCXBQ were highly salt-tolerant germplasms, and BFMSGQ, HNXQ, ZQ, and MGXQW were highly salt-sensitive germplasms. The results of this study provide a reference for the variety of celery cultivation in saline areas and lay a foundation for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant varieties of celery.

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Zhu, Yunzheng, Deyang Liang, Zejun Song, Yi Tan, Xiaolan Guo, and Delu Wang. "Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Germplasm Collection Construction of Camellia oleifera Based on Fruit Phenotype and SSR Data." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122351.

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Many Camellia oleifera germplasm resources were collected from Guizhou Province, but the fruit morphological variation and genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasm resources remain unclear. The genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasms resources in Guizhou was studied based on fruit traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers to build a core collection. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the collection, management, development, and utilization of C. oleifera resources in Guizhou province. The variation coefficients among and within varieties of seven fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera ranged from 11.79% to 61.76% and from 8.15% to 42.31%, respectively, showing rich phenotypic variation. Furthermore, 12 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity. These primers generated 214 polymorphic bands, and the average number was 17.833. The average number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and major allele frequency (MAF) were 8.999, 2.301, 0.965, 0.50, 0.836, and 0.238, respectively. The results showed that 12 SSR markers had high polymorphism, and the genetic diversity of 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources was high. Based on SSR molecular marker information and fruit traits clustering, 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources were divided into three groups. When constructing core collections based on fruit traits and molecular marker information, the PowerCore-25 of core collections greatly preserves fruit traits and improves genetic diversity. This paper can provide a reference for the genetic diversity and fruit traits variation of C. camellia germplasm resources in Guizhou Province. It is significant for establishing a core collection, thus promoting germplasm innovation and the development of the oil tea industry in Guizhou.

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Xuan, Lingyan, Xiujie Xi, Zixian Xu, Huijun Xie, Yunguo Zhu, Zhou Cheng, and Shan Li. "Genetic differences and variation in polysaccharide antioxidant activity found in germplasm resources for Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)." Botany 98, no. 11 (November 2020): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0182.

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Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is an ancient plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, using 11 Chinese germplasm resources for Job’s tears, we examined genetic differences among the germplasms and differences in the in vitro antioxidant activities of coixan, and sought to identify inter-relationships between these two variables. We found that the intraspecific conservation of DNA sequences was high, with ITS regions and cpDNA trnL-F and trnH-psbA non-coding sequences showing no sequence variation, whereas the GBSSI gene showed a certain degree of variation among the different germplasms. EST-SSR analysis also revealed a relatively low level of genetic diversity among the germplasms. Coixan was shown to be an efficient antioxidant, and among the germplasms examined, the LNYX, FJPC, and AHBZ had the highest antioxidant activities. However, none of the four in vitro antioxidant activity indices we assessed were significantly correlated with the geographical origin of the germplasm (latitude and longitude); however, one of them was significantly associated with genetic diversity. Although the factors affecting the antioxidant activity of coixan are complex, the role of heredity should not be ignored. Our findings have implications for the scientific evaluation, identification, and sustainable utilization of the germplasm resources for Job’s tears.

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Perry, Mark, Allan K. Stoner, and Jimmie D. Mowder. "Plant Germplasm Information Management System: Germplasm Resources Information Network." HortScience 23, no. 1 (February 1988): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.1.57.

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Abstract A critically important aspect of the management of genetic resources is concurrent management of information pertinent to the preserved seeds or plant materials. An effective information system should: a) aid curators of collections by providing current information on inventories, exchange activities, etc.; b) perm it germplasm users to have rapid access to botanical and horticultural information about specific accessions and thereby encourage more effective use of plant germplasm; and c) allow personnel and organizations within and between countries to coordinate activities related to germplasm collection, exchange, and maintenance.

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Peng, Fei, Zhi Pi, Shengnan Li, and Zedong Wu. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Excellent Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Germplasm Resources." Horticulturae 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2024): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10020120.

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This study analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, and cluster analysis of 129 sugar beet germplasm resources to screen superior germplasms for breeding using the 27 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 33 pairs of insertion–deletion (InDel) molecular markers. After integrating the phenotypic variation of 16 descriptive and 4 qualitative phenotypic variables, the genetic variation levels of the 129 sugar beet germplasms’ phenotypic traits were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and analysis of variance methods. The genetic diversity examination of molecular markers showed a polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.419–0.773 (mean = 0.610). Moreover, the mean number of effective alleles detected via the SSR and InDel markers was 3.054 and 2.298, respectively. Meanwhile, the PIC ranged from 0.130 to 0.602 (mean = 0.462). The population structure analysis revealed the most appropriate K-value, indicating three populations (K = 3). The genetic distances of the 129 germplasm resources ranged from 0.099 to 0.466 (mean = 0.283). The cluster analysis results demonstrated that the germplasms were grouped into three primary classes. Based on the analysis of variance, the two qualitative features with the highest coefficients of variation were petiole width (16.64%) and length (17.11%). The descriptive trait root length index (1.395) exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. The PCA reduced the 20 phenotypic traits into five principal components, contributing 51.151%. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the future selection and breeding of superior sugar beet germplasm resources.

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Yu-Zhu, W., and L. Qi-Zhi. "APRICOT GERMPLASM RESOURCES IN CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 701 (February 2006): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.701.27.

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Guan, K. Y., H. Ma, J. X. Li, H. Z. Li, and H. Yamaguchi. "BEGONIA GERMPLASM RESOURCES OF CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 766 (March 2008): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.766.44.

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Zhang, Ruining, Hongxing Cao, Chengxu Sun, and Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin. "Characterization of Morphological and Fruit Quality Traits of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Germplasm." HortScience 56, no. 8 (August 2021): 961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15887-21.

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The evaluation and identification of germplasm resources is an indispensable step in the breeding processes and have important roles in the selection and improvement of new varieties. This research intended to characterize coconut germplasm to determine the quantitative, qualitative, and morphological traits of the stem, leaf, and inflorescence and the fruit characteristics. Sixteen morphological and qualitative traits of 17 coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm resources from Hainan, China, were investigated to determine the characteristics and advantages of multiple germplasm lines to create the foundation for the cultivation and breeding of coconuts. The results of the correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis indicate a correlation between coconut germplasm factors and their contribution to coconut traits. The results revealed that stem girth at 0.2 m was the most obvious trait, along with the fruit flavor, edible rate, fat content, hole spacing, single fruit weight, and number of female flowers, which reflect most of the information regarding coconut traits and contribute to its value. The PCA and cluster analysis indicated that two high-yield and superior-quality sweet water dwarf coconut germplasms, named ‘15-19’ and ‘15-17’, were suitable for cultivation and production in Hainan, China. The results of this study act a far-reaching influence on the collection and utilization of coconut resources and have an impact on the development and progress of the coconut industry in China.

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Yang, Zhijian, Hui Chen, Chaimei Lin, Jindian Sun, Wenling Wen, Xiangjin Zhu, Yousry A. El-Kassaby, and Jinling Feng. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Traits of Hovenia acerba Germplasm Resources in Fujian Province." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020204.

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Hovenia acerba is a precious medicinal and edible tree. We assessed the genetic variation of H. acerba quality traits and conducted a comprehensive germplasm resource evaluation to provide a theoretical basis for breeding edible, medicinal, and edible/medicine combination varieties. We evaluated 31 H. acerba germplasm resources, including 12 infructescence and 8 fruit quality traits using correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses. The results showed that there were significant differences in all quality traits, with an average coefficient of variation greater than 0.20, an average genetic diversity greater than 1.80, and an average repeatability greater than 0.90. The average genetic variation and repeatability of quality traits in infructescence were higher than fruit. Infructescence K, Ca, Mn, Mg, and reducing sugar contents are important indicators in evaluating infructescence and fruit quality traits, and infructescence K, Mg, and reducing sugar contents are also quality innovation indices of H. acerba germplasms. Tannin, protein, and soluble sugar were the most suitable quality components for screening, followed by reducing sugar, starch, fat, total saponins, and total flavones. According to principal component factor scores and cluster analysis results, specific genotypes were selected as breeding materials for infructescence protein, tannin, flavone, reductive sugar, fruit tannin, fat, flavonoid, saponin, protein, and starch. The correlation analysis with environmental factors showed that the total amount of applied water could influence H. acerba infructescence and fruit quality. In conclusion, the variability of H. acerba germplasm resources was rich, and selection potential is large, which is beneficial to germplasm quality innovation and breeding.

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Guo, Liqin, Ting Liao, Ye Wang, Jun Cao, and Guobin Liu. "Construction of a DNA Fingerprint Map and a Core Collection of Platycladus orientalis." J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 149, no. 3 (May 2024): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs05356-23.

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Platycladus orientalis is one of the main species used in afforestation projects in the arid mountains of north and northwest China, meaning that the species has high ecological and economic value. Studying its genetic diversity and obtaining a core germplasm base and genetic fingerprint data are important for the screening, development, and utilization of the species. This can provide the core materials for the preservation and evaluation and mining of germplasm resources and can provide superior gene resources for breeding programs. In this study, the genetic diversity among 104 P. orientalis germplasm resources was examined using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and a core germplasm containing 31 accessions was constructed that represents the most genetic diversity of P. orientalis accessions. Each of 20 pairs of primers showed polymorphism, and 117 alleles were identified. The average number of alleles at each locus was six, and the mean effective allele number was 2.607. The average Shannon’s information index was 0.983, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.445. There is thus a significant amount of genetic variation within P. orientalis germplasm, yielding a rich genetic diversity. The constructed core germplasm accounted for 30% of the original germplasm. There was no significant difference in genetic diversity between the core germplasm and the original germplasm resources, indicating that the obtained core germplasm resources could fully represent the original germplasm. Using 17 SSR primers with high polymorphism, the DNA fingerprints of 104 P. orientalis germplasm resources were constructed. The results showed that 98 had specific DNA fingerprints. The results of this study provide a valuable basis for the collection, preservation, and utilization of P. orientalis germplasm resources, and the methods adopted in this study have important reference value for the construction of core germplasm of other perennial woody plants.

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Spooner, David M., Raúl T. Castillo, and Luis J. López. "Ecuador, 1991 potato germplasm collecting expedition: taxonomy and new germplasm resources." Euphytica 60, no. 3 (April 1992): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00039394.

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Afonnikov, D. A., I. V. Totsky, and Z. Stasevski. "INFORMATIONAL RESOURCES ON POTATO GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.330.

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CHEN, Li-Na, Wei FANG, Hai-Ping SI, and Yong-Sheng CAO. "Ontology Construction of Crop Germplasm Resources." Acta Agronomica Sinica 42, no. 3 (2016): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2016.00407.

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Yang, Y., X. Ruan, and R. Wang. "INDIGENOUS PERSIMMON GERMPLASM RESOURCES IN CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 996 (June 2013): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.996.9.

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Tyagi, R. K., and Anjali Kak. "Registration of plant genetic resources in India – A review." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82, no. 8 (August 14, 2012): 651–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v82i8.23044.

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Plant genetic resources (PGR) are building block for genetic improvement to develop climate- resilient varieties in agri-horticultural crops. Use of genetic resources depends upon the availability of information and material in public domain to ensure the accessibility of the germplasm to the breeders. While access is of paramount significance, equally important is the recognition of the breeders/researchers who had developed/identified the trait-specific germplasm and establish the ownership of the same in view of Intellectual Property Rights. Indian Council of Agricultural Research has established a mechanism to register the trait-specific germplasm through National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources to address the above concerns. During last 15 years, about 1 030 accessions of various 186 agri-horticultural crops have been registered so far for particular trait(s). This paper reviews the status trait-specific germplasm registered for major cereals, millets, oilseeds, legumes and vegetable crops by breeders/researchers during last 15 years. While giving brief account on history of PGR registration and trend of registration of germplasm, in-depth analyses were attempted to disseminate the information about trait-specific germplasm available in public domain for use in crop improvement programmes. The information on most-sought-after traits by breeders in various crops were also collected, collated and presented which may be useful to identify and register the new potentially valuable trait-specific germplasm to use the same to develop new climate-resilient crop varieties in future.

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Tang, Lixin, Xiaobin Wen, Ranran Zhang, and Xiumei Xing. "Current Situation and Utilization of Velvet Deer Germplasm Resources in China." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243529.

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Velvet deer are not only a representative special economic animal but also an important part of livestock. With the increasing awareness of international competition for germplasm resources in China, more and more attention has been paid to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. However, there is poor understanding about velvet deer resources. Therefore, we are providing a comprehensive introduction of Chinese velvet deer germplasm resources from the aspects of ecological distribution, domestication and breeding.

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Gai, Zhongshuai, Yu Wang, Jutang Jiang, Hui Xie, Zhaotang Ding, Shibo Ding, and Hui Wang. "The Quality Evaluation of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Varieties Based on the Metabolomics." HortScience 54, no. 3 (March 2019): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13713-18.

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The identification and evaluation of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] germplasm resources are of great significance for tea plant breeding. In recent years, various methods, such as morphology, biochemistry, molecular markers, and sensory evaluation, have been used to evaluate the tea germplasm resources. However, the evaluation of tea germplasms based on metabolomics is rarely reported. In this study, we first measured the main agronomic characters and biochemical components of tea young shoots in spring, and then analyzed the metabolic profiles using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicate that tea germplasm accessions QN3 and QN38 had excellent agronomic traits with early germination and high yield compared with HM. The biosynthesis of flavonoids in young shoots of QN3 was more vigorous, especially for the biosynthesis of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG). Accession QN3 had highest content of luteoloside, myricetin and rutin, whereas QN38 had highest content of most amino acids. On the basis of sensory quality evaluation, accession QN3 and QN38 all had higher total quality scores. By using these approaches, we found that QN3 and QN38 are excellent breeding materials with high yield and high quality for making green teas. We also believe that the evaluation system constructed by the approaches described here is suitable for the identification of tea germplasms.

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Nguyen Xuan, Viet, Anh Pham Thi Viet, Hoa Nguyen Thi Quynh, Mai Le Thi Tuyet, Huyen Vu Thi Bich, and Thuy Le Thi. "Study on chromosome number and karyotype in the north taro germplasm preserved at the Plant Resources Center - Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0077.

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Chomosome number and karyotypes of the North taro germplasm collections maintained at The Plant Resources Center were studied for the database of taro germplasms and to assess genetic diversity in taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) in Vietnam. The results showed that, most of the 250 accessions of collections discovered are diploid (2n = 2x = 28), accounting for 77,2%, only 22,8% of the germplasm collections are triploid (2n = 3x = 42). The frequency of distribution of diploid and triploid taros between the natural geographic sub-region of the Northwest mountainous and the Northeastern mountainous and midland sub-region is similar. The northern taro germplasm is being conserved is cytogenetic diversity expressed in both chromosome sets (diploid and triploid) and 5 different karyotypes. Three of the five karyotypes (diploid karyotype 11 m + 3 sm, 10 m + 3 sm + 1st, and triploid karyotype, 10 m + 4 sm) were detected in the study were not still reported in taro of Vietnam, therefore added data on the diversity of karyotypes in the taro species of our country. The detailed analysis of chromosomes obtained in this study has provided cytogenetic data, contributing to enriching the taro germplasm database, which is meaningful in conservation and evolutionary research, and planning of breeding programs for new cultivar production of this crop to grow in different agroclimatic environments.

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Spooner, David M., Ronald G. van den Berg, Willman García, and María Luisa Ugarte. "Bolivia potato germplasm collecting expeditions 1993, 1994: Taxonomy and new germplasm resources." Euphytica 79, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023585.

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Liu, Na, Fenghui Guo, Bin Li, Zeyao Jing, Wuyun Bai, and Xiangyang Hou. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Ecological Functional Traits and Screening of Key Indicators of Leymus chinensis Germplasm Resources from Northern China and Mongolia." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071880.

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Leymus chinensis is important for ecological restoration and stock farming in Eurasia. In the context of climate change, excavating L. chinensis germplasm resources with excellent ecological functional traits is important to resist grassland degradation and promote the restoration of degraded grassland ecosystems. In this study, we used 42 L. chinensis germplasm resources (LC01–LC42) from different geographical sources to perform a multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance, rhizome space expansion, and soil improvement abilities. (1) LC07, LC15, LC18, and LC19 exhibited excellent ecological functional traits and could be used in breeding for ecological restoration. They were mainly from eastern and central Mongolia and central Inner Mongolia. (2) Principal component analysis showed that eight principal components with eigenvalues ≥1 were extracted from 26 traits of L. chinensis. The cumulative contribution rate was 80.551%. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between the F value and longitude and a significant negative correlation of the F value with latitude. L. chinensis germplasms from high longitudes and low altitudes may exhibit better comprehensive performance. (4) Plant height, leaf number, tiller number, malonaldehyde, chlorophyll content, dry weight on the ground, maximum one-direction extended distance, and organic matter can be used as key indices to comprehensively evaluate L. chinensis germplasm resources.

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Saha, Sajal, Deepa Bhadana, Pankaj Kumar Shah, H. P. Chaturvedi, P. N. Verma, Rajib Das, Rinkey Arya, Pravesh Kumar, Sagar Agarwal, and D. Purushotama Rao. "Genoplasmics: Advancing Plant Germplasm Research through Genomics." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 21 (October 14, 2023): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213951.

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Plant genetic resources (PGR) are crucial for crop improvement programs. The National Genebank (NGB) at ICAR-NBPGR is responsible for collecting, conserving, and facilitating the utilization of genetic diversity in crop plants. Plant germplasm forms the foundation for plant genetic improvement. Extensive germplasm collections have been amassed and stored, presenting the challenge of effectively harnessing and exploiting this valuable resource. Genomics-based plant germplasm research (GPGR), or genoplasmics, is an emerging interdisciplinary field that applies genomic principles and methods to germplasm study. This article outlines the concept, strategy, and approach of GPGR, highlighting recent advancements in core collection creation, germplasm enhancement through core collections, and gene discovery from core collections. GPGR represents a significant milestone in germplasm research, ushering in a new scientific investigation and innovation era.

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Si, Hai Ping, and Yang Qiao. "Internal Cloud Storage Architecture Implemented in Crop Germplasm Resources Data." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.1059.

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At the rate data related to crop germplasm resources is growing rapidly, it's not surprising that the study of new storage technology is also growing in popularity. Cloud storage, due to its own advantages including cost, frequency of access, protection, and availability, has been one of the hot buzzwords of the past couple of years. Based on the analysis of the definition and characters of cloud storage, and combined with the characteristics of crop germplasm resources data and databases, this paper discussed the internal cloud storage architecture for crop germplasm resources data, detailed the level of structure diagram, access methods, storage scalability and availability. The study on the new storage architecture gives the model for building easy extension, management and safety of crop germplasm resources data storage system.

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Harta, Monica, Cristian Radu Sisea, Rodica Pop, Katalin Szabo, Maria Zanescu, Doina Clapa, Dorottya Domokos, Mihai Botu, and Doru Pamfil. "The Current Status of Germplum Database: a Tool for Characterization of Plum Genetic Resources in Romania." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12324.

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In Romania, Prunus genetic resources are kept in collections of varieties, populations and biotypes, mainly located in research and development institutes or fruit growing stations and, in the last years, by some private enterprises. Creating the experimental model for the Germplum database based on phenotypic descriptors and SSR molecular markers analysis is an important and topical objective for the efficient characterization of genetic resources and also for establishing a public-private partnership for the effective management of plum germplasm resources in Romania. The technical development of the Germplum database was completed and data will be added continuously after characterizing each new accession.

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Börner, A., K. Neumann, and B. Kobiljski. "Wheat genetic resources – how to exploit?" Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47, Special Issue (October 20, 2011): S43—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3253-cjgpb.

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It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Significant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date.

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Zhang, Shuangmeng, Zisheng Xu, Lifei Luo, Shuxin Gu, Zhen Hu, Shiming Wan, and Zexia Gao. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Coilia nasus Revealed by 2b-RAD Sequencing." Biology 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12040600.

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Coilia nasus is a threatened migratory species in the Yangtze River Basin. To reveal the genetic diversity of natural and farmed populations of C. nasus and the status of germplasm resources in the Yangtze River, the genetic diversity and structure of two wild populations (Yezhi Lake: YZ; Poyang Lake: PY) and two farmed populations (Zhenjiang: ZJ; Wuhan: WH) of C. nasus were analyzed using 44,718 SNPs obtained via 2b-RAD sequencing. The results indicate that both the wild and farmed populations had low genetic diversity, and germplasm resources have undergone varying degrees of degradation. Population genetic structure analyses indicated that the four populations may have come from two ancestral groups. Different amounts of gene flow were identified among WH, ZJ, and PY populations, but gene flow among YZ and other populations was low. It is speculated that the river–lake isolation of Yezhi Lake is the main cause of this phenomenon. In conclusion, this study revealed that genetic diversity reduction and germplasm resource degradation had occurred in both wild and farmed C. nasus, suggesting that conservation of its resources is of great urgency. This study provides a theoretical basis for the conservation and rational exploitation of germplasm resources for C. nasus.

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Purdy, P. H., C. S. Wilson, S. F. Spiller, and H. D. Blackburn. "Biobanking genetic resources: challenges and implementation at the USDA National Animal Germplasm Program." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 8 (2016): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15399.

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There is adequate infrastructure in the US to identify and acquire germplasm from the major beef and dairy cattle and swine breeds. However, when we venture outside these species, the same tasks become more difficult because of a lack of breed associations, databases that include genotypic and phenotypic data and low numbers of animals. Furthermore, acquisition of germplasm from non-cattle and non-swine species can be difficult because these animals are often not located near the National Animal Germplasm Program, which makes collection and preservation of the samples in a timely manner that much more complicated. This problem is compounded because not all preservation protocols are optimised for field collection conditions or for all types of germplasm. Since 1999, the USDA National Animal Germplasm Program has worked to overcome these obstacles by developing policies, procedures and techniques in order to create a germplasm repository for all agricultural species (wild and domesticated) in the US. Herein, we describe these activities and illustrate them via a case study on how our efforts collecting Navajo-Churro sheep have created a secure backup of germplasm and how we specifically overcome these issues as they relate to rare and minor breeds of agricultural species.

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Gu, Y., C. M. Zhao, W. Jin, and W. L. Li. "EVALUATION OF RUBUS GERMPLASM RESOURCES IN CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 352 (October 1993): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.352.45.

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LI, Long, Xin-Guo MAO, Jing-Yi WANG, Xiao-Ping CHANG, Yu-Ping LIU, and Rui-Lian JING. "Drought Tolerance Evaluation of Wheat Germplasm Resources." Acta Agronomica Sinica 44, no. 7 (2018): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2018.00988.

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Rick, C. M. "GERMPLASM RESOURCES IN THE WILD TOMATO SPECIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 190 (September 1986): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.190.2.

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Butac, Madalina, Mihai Botu, Madalina Militaru, Craisor Mazilu, Ion Dutu, and Silvia Nicolae. "Plum Germplasm Resources and Breeding in Romania." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2019-0034.

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Abstract In Romania, work on identification, conservation and evaluation of fruit genetic resources activities was initiated in 1970 in order to limit the loss of biodiversity. There are rich sources of germplasm located in two research centres: RIFG Pitesti with 642 accessions and UCv-SCDP Vâlcea with 361 accessions, representing wild species, local populations, named cultivars, breeder’s selections and rootstocks. Observations were made according to the IBPGR Prunus descriptors updated by the ECP/GR Prunus Working Group. The following genetic resources from the Piteşti and Vâlcea collections were used in a breeding programme in the development of several plum cultivars: ‘Grase de Becs’, ‘Carpatin’, ‘Ialomiža’, ‘Kirke’, ‘Wilhelmina Späth’ (for resistance / tolerance to Plum pox virus); ‘Vinete romāneşti’, ‘Tuleu timpuriu’, ‘Anna Späth’ (for late blooming), ‘Tuleu gras’, ‘Vâlcean’ (for fruit quality), ‘Stanley’, ‘Pescăruş’, ‘Centenar’ (for productivity), and ‘Diana’ (for self-fertility). The plum rootstock breeding programme used the following genotypes as sources of genes: ‘Rosior văratec’, ‘Brompton’, ‘Renclod Verde’, ‘Pixy’, ‘Saint Julien A’, ‘Albe mici’, ‘Scolduş’, ‘Porumbar’, etc. Breeding using the germplasm in these collections resulted in the release of 40 cultivars and 11 generative and vegetative rootstocks.

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Ercisli, Sezai. "Rose (Rosa spp.) Germplasm Resources of Turkey." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52, no. 6 (September 2005): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-003-3467-8.

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Campbell, B. T., S. Saha, R. Percy, J. Frelichowski, J. N. Jenkins, W. Park, C. D. Mayee, et al. "Status of the Global Cotton Germplasm Resources." Crop Science 50, no. 4 (July 2010): 1161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0551.

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Campbell, B. T., S. Saha, R. Percy, J. Frelichowski, J. N. Jenkins, W. Park, C. D. Mayee, et al. "Status of the Global Cotton Germplasm Resources." Crop Science 50, no. 5 (September 2010): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0551er.

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Hashiguchi, Masatsugu, Hidenori Tanaka, Melody Muguerza, Ryo Akashi, Niels Nørgaard Sandal, Stig Uggerhøj Andersen, and Shusei Sato. "Lotus japonicus Genetic, Mutant, and Germplasm Resources." Current Protocols in Plant Biology 3, no. 2 (June 2018): e20070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cppb.20070.

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Spooner, David M., Antonio Rivera-Peña, Ronald G. van den Berg, and Konrad Schüler. "Potato germplasm collecting expedition to Mexico in 1997: Taxonomy and new germplasm resources." American Journal of Potato Research 77, no. 4 (July 2000): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02855794.

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Liu, Caiguo, Wentao Yu, Chunping Cai, Shijian Huang, Huanghua Wu, Zehan Wang, Pan Wang, Yucheng Zheng, Pengjie Wang, and Naixing Ye. "Genetic Diversity of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Germplasm Resources in Wuyi Mountain of China Based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100932.

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Wuyi Mountain in Southeast China is the origin of black tea and oolong tea. It is also considered the ‘treasure trove of tea cultivars’ because of its rich tea germplasm resources. In the present study, the population structure and genetic diversity of 137 tea germplasms from Wuyi Mountain and its adjacent areas were analyzed by SNPs. The information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and fixation index (F) polymorphisms of the selected SNPs were high, stable and reliable. Ho had an average of 0.389, while He had an average of 0.324, indicating that Wuyi Mountain tea germplasms had rich genetic diversity. The AMOVA results showed that genetic variation came mainly from intrapopulation variation, accounting for 66% of the total variation. The differences in the Fst and Nei values of tea germplasm between Wuyi Mountain and its adjacent areas are similar to the geographical differences. Multiple analyses based on high-quality SNPs found that the landraces of tea plants on Wuyi Mountain had different genetic backgrounds from the wild-type landraces and the landraces of Wuyi Mountain tea plants underwent population differentiation. This study provides a basis for the effective protection and utilization of tea germplasms on Wuyi Mountain and lays a foundation for identifying potential parents to optimize tea cultivation.

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Williams, K. A., and D. E. Williams. "Evolving Political Issues Affecting International Exchange of Arachis Genetic Resources." Peanut Science 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-15.

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Abstract While plant genetic resources continue to be essential for world food security, the exchange of these resources between countries has become increasingly encumbered during recent years. The free and open access to genetic resources that previously was considered the “common heritage of mankind” has been fundamentally changed by international multilateral agreements that recognize national sovereignty over genetic resources. Since the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1993, many countries have implemented laws regulating access to their genetic resources. The development of legislation in several countries comprising the primary areas of origin and diversity of Arachis makes issues associated with germplasm exchange particularly relevant to investigators working with peanut. This paper describes some recent USDA experiences with obtaining access in Latin American countries harboring peanut genetic resources. Also discussed are implications and prospects for future international germplasm exchange, including aspects of collaborative research and benefit sharing with germplasm donor countries. Within this new political climate, the establishment of mutually beneficial precedents for accessing foreign genetic resources will be crucial for ensuring the continued exchange, conservation, and use of Arachis germplasm in the future.

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Siddique, K. H. M., W. Erskine, K. Hobson, E. J. Knights, A. Leonforte, T. N. Khan, J. G. Paull, R. Redden, and M. Materne. "Cool-season grain legume improvement in Australia—Use of genetic resources." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 4 (2013): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13071.

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The cool-season grain legume industry in Australia, comprising field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.), and narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), has emerged in the last 40 years to occupy a significant place in cropping systems. The development of all major grain legume crops—including field pea, which has been grown for over 100 years—has been possible through large amounts of genetic resources acquired and utilised in breeding. Initially, several varieties were released directly from these imports, but the past 25 years of grain legume breeding has recombined traits for adaptation and yield for various growing regions. Many fungal disease threats have been addressed through resistant germplasm, with varying successes. Some threats, e.g. black spot in field pea caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. and Blox.) Vestergr., require continued exploration of germplasm and new technology. The arrival of ascochyta blight in chickpea in Australia threatened to destroy the chickpea industry of southern Australia, but thanks to resistant germplasm, it is now on its way to recovery. Many abiotic stresses including drought, heat, salinity, and soil nutritional toxicities continue to challenge the expansion of the grain legume area, but recent research shows that genetic variation in the germplasm may offer new solutions. Just as the availability of genetic resources has been key to successfully addressing many challenges in the past two decades, so it will assist in the future, including adapting to climate change. The acquisition of grain legume germplasm from overseas is a direct result of several Australians who fostered collaborations leading to new collection missions enriching the germplasm base for posterity.

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Namkoong, Gene. "Sampling for Germplasm Collections." HortScience 23, no. 1 (February 1988): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.1.79.

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Abstract The person who samples for germplasm collections occupies a very narrow temporal interface between the genetic resources that history has left as our endowment, and the potential uses of those resources with which we endow the future. It is a narrow interface because the genetic resource is eroding rapidly, and because our future needs are large and unpredictable. Given the structural complexity of most plant populations and the many possible ways that they may be used in the future, it is obviously impossible to prescribe simple, optimal sampling schemes for all species. However, a single unstructured sample of modest size would be sufficient for a species that is structured simply. Such a species would have to be structured homogeneously with complete inbreeding or with independently and uniformly distributed alleles in Hardy–Weinberg genotypic frequencies. Future breeders would have to reassemble any allelic combinations. If specific alleles were identified as useful, the needed sample number might be smaller than if the allelic distribution was heterogeneous and unknown in the population and if the potential uses of many such alleles were uncertain. Unfortunately, we are usually in the latter position with respect to what is presently known about frequencies and distributions. We are often ignorant of which alleles are desirable at specific loci. Even for primary grain crops, little is known of which populations to target for sampling and enhancement for future development in breeding programs. For less-studied plant species, it is necessary to consider the biological problem of how alleles are distributed in populations and the kinds of collections that might be useful to future conservators, breeders, or other users. Nevertheless, it is possible to derive some bounds for requisite sample sizes, despite the complex factors that influence sampling design.

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Zhang, Suilin, Yang Li, Yan Li, Yunqi Zhang, Yanbin Hao, Zhixia Hou, and Jianxun Qi. "Development of SSR Markers for and Fingerprinting of Walnut Genetic Resources." Forests 15, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030405.

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Walnut is one of four major nuts in the world. China has abundant walnut germplasm resources, but there are still shortcomings in the identification of germplasm resources. This study used different walnut varieties as materials and developed 14 high-quality SSR molecular markers from 60 pairs of primers based on genome re-sequencing results. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of Chinese walnut genetic resources using 14 selected SSR markers. A total of 64 alleles were detected in 47 walnut resources, with an average of 4.571 alleles per locus. The variation range of polymorphism information content was 0.096~0.711, with an average value of 0.422. Cluster analysis, population genetic structure, and principal coordinate analysis divided 47 walnut resources into ordinary walnuts, Juglans hopeiensis, and Liaoyi 1. In addition, core SSR markers (Jr45, Jr40, Jr29, Jr35, and Jr11) were selected from 14 SSR markers, which were sufficient to distinguish 47 walnut resources. At the same time, 47 unique molecular fingerprints of walnuts were constructed using these core SSR markers. This study provides strong scientific support for rapid and efficient identification, germplasm innovation, and a variety of property protection of walnut germplasm.

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Yadav, Bishnu, Daurik Lal Pandit, Dhurba Banjade, Dipesh Kumar Mehata, Susmita Bhattarai, Sujan Bhandari, Netra Prasad Ghimire, Puja Yadav, and Prava Paudel. "Insights into the germplasm conservation and utilization: Implications for sustainable agriculture and future crop improvement." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0901026.

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Plant genetic resources are critical for maintaining global biodiversity and ensuring food security. However, these resources face threats from factors such as habitat loss and climate change, with approximately 22% of plant species estimated to be at risk of extinction. To address this issue, both natural and biotechnological methods are being developed to preserve plant genetic resources, with germplasm being a key component. Germplasm contains the complete genetic information of a plant and can be stored for extended periods and replicated as required. The objective of this study is to emphasize the importance of preserving germplasm of endangered or near-extinct plant species through in situ and ex situ conservation methods. In situ conservation involves conserving species in their natural environment, while ex situ conservation includes using gene-seed banks and tissue culture to store genetic resources. These methods are crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and preventing the loss of valuable plant resources. The study highlights the various ex situ conservation methods, including cryopreservation, pollen and DNA banks, farmer's fields, botanic gardens, genetic reserves, and slow-growing cultures, which are essential for preserving germplasm. Gene banks worldwide currently hold over 7.4 million accessions of crop genetic resources, demonstrating the value of germplasm conservation efforts. Additionally, understanding the phenotypic and genetic characterization of related species is crucial for identifying endangered or vulnerable species that can diversify into new varieties or subspecies. In conclusion, prioritizing germplasm conservation efforts is crucial for meeting future demands while preserving endangered or vulnerable species. This will ensure that plant genetic resources remain available for future generations and that agricultural innovation can effectively address global food security challenges.

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Zhuchenko, A. A. "MOBILIZATION OF WORLD FLOWERING PLANTS SUPPLIES BASED ON DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMATIZED GENETIC COLLECTION OF ADAPTIVE AND AGRONOMIC VALUABLE TRAITS." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2012-4-4-13.

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The problems of study and utilization of plant germplasm collections and arrangement of genetic resources based on botanical, functional, morphological, biochemical, and genetical principles are underlined in the article. The types of identified and systemized germplasm collections and genetic resources of flowering plants are described. The search path and methods of identification, differentiation, arrangement, and selection of genetic donors and germplasm collections of traits of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptation are shown in the article.

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Hodgkin, Toby, V. Ramanatha Rao, Angélica Cibrian-Jaramillo, and Samy Gaiji. "The use of ex situ conserved plant genetic resources." Plant Genetic Resources 1, no. 1 (April 2003): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200313.

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AbstractPlant genetic resources are conserved so that they can be used to improve crop plant pro- duction and in other ways. However, it is often asserted that use of ex situ conserved germplasm is inadequate and that genetic diversity maintained in genebanks is underutilized. In part, this reflects an incomplete recognition of what constitutes use of plant genetic resources, and of the many different ways in which material from genebanks contributes to improved agricultural production. Based on recent information from surveys of distribution of germplasm from genebanks, and from surveys of users, we suggest that the evidence indicates that there is substantial use of ex situ conserved materials for a wide range of different uses. We suggest that barriers to use of ex situ conserved germplasm may often result from a lack in numbers of users, and from limitations in capacity to effectively utilize the genetic diversity present in genebanks to reduce genetic vulnerability and increase sustainability in modern production systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Germplasm resources'

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