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Journal articles on the topic 'Germplasm conservation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Zhu, Yan, Wenna An, Jian Peng, Jinwu Li, Yunjie Gu, Bo Jiang, Lianghua Chen, Peng Zhu, and Hanbo Yang. "Genetic Diversity of Nanmu (Phoebe zhennan S. Lee. et F. N. Wei) Breeding Population and Extraction of Core Collection Using nSSR, cpSSR and Phenotypic Markers." Forests 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081320.

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Genetic characterization is vital for tree germplasm utilization and conservation. Nanmu (Phoebe zhennan S. Lee. et F. N. Wei) is an extremely valuable tree species that can provide logs for many industrial products. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of a Nanmu breeding population using nine nSSR, five newly-developed cpSSR markers, and nine phenotypic traits, and extract a core collection. In general, the Na, Ne, and PIC for each nSSR/cpSSR were 2–37/2–3, 1.160–11.276/1.020–1.940, and 0.306–0.934/0.109–0.384, respectively. Fifteen chlorotype haplotypes were detected in 102 germplasms. The breeding population exhibited a relatively high level of genetic diversity for both nSSR (I = 1.768), cpSSR (I = 0.440, h = 0.286), and phenotypic traits (H′ = 1.98). Bayesian and cluster analysis clustered these germplasms into three groups. The germplasms revealed a high level of admixture between clusters, which indicated a relatively high level of gene exchange between germplasms. The F value (0.124) also showed a moderate genetic differentiation in the breeding population. A core collection consisting of 64 germplasms (62.7% of the whole germplasm) was extracted from phenotypic and molecular data, and the diversity parameters were not significantly different from those of the whole germplasm. Thereafter, a molecular identity was made up for each core germplasm. These results may contribute to germplasm management and conservation in the Nanmu breeding program, as well as genetics estimation and core collection extraction in other wood production rare species.

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2

Engelmann, F. "IN VITRO GERMPLASM CONSERVATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 461 (August 1998): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.461.2.

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3

Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad, Xiao Lin, Ting-Fung Chan, Junghee Ham, Tai-Sun Shin, Sezai Ercisli, Kirill S. Golokhvast, Hon-Ming Lam, and Gyuhwa Chung. "Korean Wild Soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb & Zucc.): Geographic Distribution and Germplasm Conservation." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020214.

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Domesticated crops suffer from major genetic bottlenecks while wild relatives retain higher genomic diversity. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) is the presumed ancestor of cultivated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), and is an important genetic resource for soybean improvement. Among the East Asian habitats of wild soybean (China, Japan, Korea, and Northeastern Russia), the Korean peninsula is of great importance based on archaeological records, domestication history, and higher diversity of wild soybeans in the region. The collection and conservation of these wild soybean germplasms should be put on high priority. Chung’s Wild Legume Germplasm Collection maintains more than 10,000 legume accessions with an intensive and prioritized wild soybean germplasm collection (>6000 accessions) guided by the international code of conduct for plant germplasm collection and transfer. The center holds a library of unique wild soybean germplasms collected from East Asian wild habitats including the Korean mainland and nearby islands. The collection has revealed interesting and useful morphological, biochemical, and genetic diversity. This resource could be utilized efficiently in ongoing soybean improvement programs across the globe.

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4

Nito, N., T. Matsukawa, and T. Ito. "GERMPLASM CONSERVATION OF INDIGENOUS CITRUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 760 (July 2007): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.760.12.

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5

Koka, T. "FIG GERMPLASM CONSERVATION IN ALBANIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 798 (September 2008): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.798.8.

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6

McKeown, Kathy, and Lyle E. Craker. "Germplasm Conservation in Neotropical Areas." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 3, no. 4 (July 17, 1996): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j044v03n04_01.

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7

Afolayan, G., S. P. Deshpande, S. E. Aladele, A. O. Kolawole, I. Angarawai, D. J. Nwosu, C. Michael, E. T. Blay, and E. Y. Danquah. "Genetic diversity assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism markers." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 5 (July 10, 2019): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000212.

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AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important resource to the national economy and it is essential to assess the genetic diversity in existing sorghum germplasm for better conservation, utilization and crop improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic diversity within and among sorghum germplasms collected from diverse institutes in Nigeria and Mali using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers. Genetic diversity among the germplasm was low with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.24. Analysis of Molecular Variation revealed 6% variation among germplasm and 94% within germplasms. Dendrogram revealed three groups of clustering which indicate variations within the germplasms. Private alleles identified in the sorghum accessions from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan, Nigeria and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Kano, Nigeria shows their prospect for sorghum improvement and discovery of new agronomic traits. The presence of private alleles and genetic variation within the germplasms indicates that the accessions are valuable resources for future breeding programs.

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8

Rukayadi, Yaya. "THE ROLE OF OMICS RESEARCH IN GERMPLASM CONSERVATION." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/pbio.v9i2.11355.

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The word omics refers to a field of study in biological sciences that ends with -omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics. The ending -ome is used to address the objects of study of such fields, such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, or metabolome, respectively. In relation to the conservation of germplasm, genomics-based plant germplasm research has been carried out and has been proven to be able to conserve germplasm. Recently, to conserve germplasm using only genomics-based plant germplasm research, it is felt to be incomplete, because not all genes can be expressed under certain conditions. For this reason, other omics such as proteomics and metabolomics play an important role in the conservation of germplasm. In this paper, the role of other omics research, especially metabolomics is described.

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9

Campbell, K. W., and B. Fraleigh. "The Canadian Plant Germplasm System." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-003.

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The present system of formal plant germplasm conservation in Canada began in 1970 with the appointment of the first Plant Gene Resources Officer. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), which has the main mandate for plant germplasm conservation, operates a seed genebank in Ottawa, which stores and documents accessions of value to Canada, and a clonal genebank in Smithfield, which concentrates on the preservation of tree and small fruits. A new multi-nodal system initiated under the Green Plan has added five new centres to the plant germplasm network. Located at AAFC research centres, plant breeders are responsible for rejuvenating and documenting important germplasm. Universities, companies and nongovernmental organizations contribute to germplasm conservation by increasing the genetic diversity available in the form of cultivars and operating plant and seed repositories. Key words: Germplasm conservation, genebank

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10

Tay*, David. "Seed Technology in Plant Germplasm Conservation." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 753B—753. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.753b.

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In plant germplasm conservation, “orthodox” seed (i.e. seed that survives drying down to low moisture content) is the most suitable propagule for long-term storage. In general, high quality seeds of around 5% seed moisture content can be stored for 5-15 years at 2°C and 15-50 years at -18°C. Globally, there are some 1,300 genebanks and 6.1 million accessions of food and industrial crops in conservation. When collecting and conserving plant germplasm, seed science and technology have to be applied during germplasm collection; seed regeneration-germination, seedling establishment, flower synchronization, pollination, harvesting, drying, processing and packaging; seed storage and conservation; characterization and evaluation; and finally, distribution. Some of the seed science knowledge and technology skills encompass seed sampling strategy, sample size, seed health, germination and vigor testing, dormancy breaking, scarification, stratification, vernalization, photoperiod treatment, isolation and pollination techniques, harvesting, threshing, drying, hermetic packaging, storage facility design, etc. The goal is to produce seed lots that fulfill the required genetic, physical, physiological and health quality. A summary was presented to relate germplasm conservation activities to seed science and technology. Some of the seed production, processing and testing equipment used were highlighted. Seed research in germplasm conservation is therefore crucial to streamline the operation and management of a genebank to make it more cost effective and attractive for funding.

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11

Brunner, Carl E. "Germplasm Conservation and the Green Revolution." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (1991): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199131/210.

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As a result of the Green Revolution, modem agriculture in the industrialized world has developed into a monocultural system. Through intensive breeding practices, most food crops grown in the developed nations have a narrow genetic base and are increasingly susceptible to disease and environmental changes. The genetic sources of eroded genes are found in the traditional crop varieties of the Third World However, these traditional, home-grown varieties have been abandoned in favor of the high yielding varieties of the Green Revolution. Analysis of world cereal and food crop production data reveals that the world is food crop interdependent. The essay concludes that in order to assure adequate food supplies, food crop germplasm needs to be conserved.

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12

Chin, H. F., and D. Tay. "CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF ORNAMENTAL GERMPLASM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 760 (July 2007): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.760.83.

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13

Raghuvanshi, SK, and S. Kumar. "Gene Banking for Fish Germplasm Conservation." Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 3, no. 10 (September 20, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asvs.2021.03.0222.

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14

Marin, M. L., and N. Duran-Vila. "Conservation of Citrus Germplasm in Vitro." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 4 (July 1991): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.4.740.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of in vitro techniques for genetic conservation of citrus. A tissue culture system was developed using explants of juvenile `Pineapple' sweet orange. It consisted of: a) establishment of primary cultures from nodal stem segments followed by the recovery of plants in vitro; and b) successive cycles of secondary cultures consisting of the culture of nodal stem segments from in vitro-grown plants, rooting of shoots obtained from nodal stem segments, and recovery of whole plantlets. Two parameters, K and K', based on the multiplication factors of the different stages of primary and secondary cultures are proposed to monitor the system as a potential tool for genetic conservation of citrus. The system also can be successfully used for the conservation of juvenile tissues of two sweet orange varieties [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Mexican lime [C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing.], and `Eureka' lemon [C. limon (L.) Burro. f.]. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); α- naphtbaleneacetic acid (NAA).

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15

Bellini, E., and E. Giordani. "GERMPLASM CONSERVATION OF PERSIMMON IN EUROPE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 601 (March 2003): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.601.4.

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16

Panis, B., K. Vandenbranden, H. Schoofs, and R. Swennen. "CONSERVATION OF BANANA GERMPLASM THROUGH CRYOPRESERVATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 461 (August 1998): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.461.60.

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17

Vijayan, K., B. Saratchandra, and Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva. "Germplasm conservation in mulberry (Morus spp.)." Scientia Horticulturae 128, no. 4 (May 2011): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.11.012.

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18

Frese, L. "Conservation and Access to Sugarbeet Germplasm." Sugar Tech 12, no. 3-4 (December 2010): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-010-0054-0.

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19

Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A., Songjun Zeng, Renato Fernandes Galdiano, Judit Dobránszki, Jean Carlos Cardoso, and Wagner A. Vendrame. "In vitro conservation of Dendrobium germplasm." Plant Cell Reports 33, no. 9 (May 21, 2014): 1413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1631-6.

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20

Xuan, Lingyan, Xiujie Xi, Zixian Xu, Huijun Xie, Yunguo Zhu, Zhou Cheng, and Shan Li. "Genetic differences and variation in polysaccharide antioxidant activity found in germplasm resources for Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)." Botany 98, no. 11 (November 2020): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0182.

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Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is an ancient plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, using 11 Chinese germplasm resources for Job’s tears, we examined genetic differences among the germplasms and differences in the in vitro antioxidant activities of coixan, and sought to identify inter-relationships between these two variables. We found that the intraspecific conservation of DNA sequences was high, with ITS regions and cpDNA trnL-F and trnH-psbA non-coding sequences showing no sequence variation, whereas the GBSSI gene showed a certain degree of variation among the different germplasms. EST-SSR analysis also revealed a relatively low level of genetic diversity among the germplasms. Coixan was shown to be an efficient antioxidant, and among the germplasms examined, the LNYX, FJPC, and AHBZ had the highest antioxidant activities. However, none of the four in vitro antioxidant activity indices we assessed were significantly correlated with the geographical origin of the germplasm (latitude and longitude); however, one of them was significantly associated with genetic diversity. Although the factors affecting the antioxidant activity of coixan are complex, the role of heredity should not be ignored. Our findings have implications for the scientific evaluation, identification, and sustainable utilization of the germplasm resources for Job’s tears.

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21

Bautista-Aguilar, José R., Lourdes G. Iglesias-Andreu, Jaime Martínez-Castillo, Marco A. Ramírez-Mosqueda, and Matilde M. Ortiz-García. "In Vitro Conservation and Genetic Stability in Vanilla planifolia Jacks." HortScience 56, no. 12 (December 2021): 1494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16118-21.

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Vanilla planifolia Jacks. is a species of great economic importance, since vanillin, a compound highly valued in the food and pharmaceutical industry, is extracted from its pods. This species is in the category of special protection, so it is important to take actions for its conservation and to maintain the genetic stability of the conserved germplasm. An adequate way to achieve this is through the minimal growth in vitro conservation techniques. The present work aimed to establish an in vitro conservation protocol for vanilla germplasm that allows the genetic stability of the conserved material. For the establishment of the minimal growth in vitro conservation protocol: two concentrations of basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (50% and 100%), two incubation temperatures (4 and 22 °C) and two concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) (3 and 5 mg⋅L−1) were evaluated. To evaluate the genetic stability of the germplasms used in this study (cultivated, wild, and V. insignis morphotypes) by analyzing the profiles of molecular markers SSR (simple sequence repeats) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats). The MS medium (100%) supplemented with 3 mg⋅L−1 of ABA and incubated at 22 °C, was the best treatment for the in vitro conservation of Vanilla spp. Compared with the control treatment, it allowed us to obtain smaller shoots (1.17 × 0.17 cm), which showed high genetic stability, given by the low percentages of polymorphism detected in morphotypes cultivated and wild (SSR 0%, ISSR 2%) and V. insignis (SSR 0%, ISSR 0%). We conclude the usefulness of the established protocol to conserve the genetic variation of the evaluated Vanilla germplasm.

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22

Srivastava, M. K. "Germplasm Conservation as a Key for Food Security." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37396.

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Security of any country as well as the whole world can be ensure through the conservation of germplasm since they are genetic resources that can be used to prolong a population of an organism. Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the foundation of agriculture as well as food and nutritional security. The ICAR-NBPGR is key institution at national level for management of PGR in India under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India being rich in both flora and fauna germplasm diversity also have challenge of protecting its natural heritage. At the same time, we also have mutually beneficial strategies for germplasm exchange with other countries. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) activities include PGR exploration, collection, exchange, characteri- zation, evaluation, conservation and documentation. It also perform the responsibility to carry out quarantine of all imported PGR. NBPGR collects and acquires germplasm from various sources, conserves it in the Genebank, characterizes and evaluates it for different traits and provides ready material for breeders to develop varieties for farmers. At present, the National Genebank conserves more than 0.45 million accessions. NBPGR is responsible for identifying trait-specific pre-adapted climate resilient genotypes, promising material with disease resistance and quality traits which the breeders use for various crop improvement programmes. The prime focus area of research of NBPGR at present is is on characterization of ex situ conserved germplasm and detailed evaluation of prioritized crops for enhanced utilization. identification of novel genes and alleles for enhanced utilization of PGR; identification and deployment of germplasm/landraces.

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23

Priyanka, Veerala, Rahul Kumar, Inderpreet Dhaliwal, and Prashant Kaushik. "Germplasm Conservation: Instrumental in Agricultural Biodiversity—A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126743.

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Germplasm is a valuable natural resource that provides knowledge about the genetic composition of a species and is crucial for conserving plant diversity. Germplasm protection strategies not only involve rescuing plant species threatened with extinction, but also help preserve all essential plants, on which rests the survival of all organisms. The successful use of genetic resources necessitates their diligent collection, storage, analysis, documentation, and exchange. Slow growth cultures, cryopreservation, pollen and DNA banks, botanical gardens, genetic reserves, and farmers’ fields are a few germplasm conservation techniques being employed. However, the adoption of in-vitro techniques with any chance of genetic instability could lead to the destruction of the entire substance, but the improved understanding of basic regeneration biology would, in turn, undoubtedly increase the capacity to regenerate new plants, thus expanding selection possibilities. Germplasm conservation seeks to conserve endangered and vulnerable plant species worldwide for future proliferation and development; it is also the bedrock of agricultural production.

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24

Dal Bosco, D., I. Sinski, V. Comachio, J. D. G. Maia, P. S. Ritschel, and V. Quecini. "IN VITRO TECHNIQUES FOR GRAPEVINE GERMPLASM CONSERVATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1082 (April 2015): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1082.27.

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25

Roose, M. L., F. G. Gmitter, R. F. Lee, and K. E. Hummer. "Conservation of citrus germplasm: an international survey." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1101 (September 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1101.6.

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26

Li, J. Y., N. Sui, and L. B. He. "Current germplasm conservation of camellias in China." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1185 (November 2017): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1185.8.

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27

Ozden Tokatli, Y., E. A. Ozudogru, H. Akdemir, F. Gumusel, and A. De Carlo. "APPLICATION OF CRYOPRESERVATION FOR PISTACHIO GERMPLASM CONSERVATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 839 (July 2009): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.839.30.

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28

Jackson, M. T. "Book Review: 1983 Rice Germplasm Conservation Workshop." Outlook on Agriculture 14, no. 1 (March 1985): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708501400117.

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Matassino, D., and B. M. Moioli. "GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND GERMPLASM CONSERVATION FOR QUALITY." Animal Genetic Resources Information 17 (April 1996): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900004648.

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SUMMARYBiological diversity is the main measure of genetic evolution; it links to the state of genetic polymorphism as influenced by envirornmental changes and modulates the speed of transferring genetic information. The authors concentrate in this note on the importance of the contribution of indigenous animal genetic resources when addressing the complex and economically most important problem of the intrinsic quality of products of animal origin, with special reference to regional/local specificity.

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Ozden-Tokatli, Y., H. Akdemir, E. Tilkat, and A. Onay. "Current status and conservation of Pistacia germplasm." Biotechnology Advances 28, no. 1 (January 2010): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.10.006.

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31

Gan, Siou Ting, Chin Jit Teo, Shobana Manirasa, Wei Chee Wong, and Choo Kien Wong. "Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) field genebank: A step towards molecular-assisted germplasm conservation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): e0255418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255418.

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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) germplasm is exclusively maintained as ex situ living collections in the field for genetic conservation and evaluation. However, this is not for long term and the maintenance of field genebanks is expensive and challenging. Large area of land is required and the germplasms are exposed to extreme weather conditions and casualty from pests and diseases. By using 107 SSR markers, this study aimed to examine the genetic diversity and relatedness of 186 palms from a Nigerian-based oil palm germplasm and to identify core collection for conservation. On average, 8.67 alleles per SSR locus were scored with average effective number of alleles per population ranging from 1.96 to 3.34 and private alleles were detected in all populations. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.576 ranging from 0.437 to 0.661 and the Wright’s fixation index calculated was -0.110. Overall moderate genetic differentiation among populations was detected (mean pairwise population FST = 0.120, gene flow Nm = 1.117 and Nei’s genetic distance = 0.466) and this was further confirmed by AMOVA analysis. UPGMA dendogram and Bayesian structure analysis concomitantly clustered the 12 populations into eight genetic groups. The best core collection assembled by Core Hunter ver. 3.2.1 consisted of 58 palms accounting for 31.2% of the original population, which was a smaller core set than using PowerCore 1.0. This core set attained perfect allelic coverage with good representation, high genetic distance between entries, and maintained genetic diversity and structure of the germplasm. This study reported the first molecular characterization and validation of core collections for oil palm field genebank. The established core collection via molecular approach, which captures maximum genetic diversity with minimum redundancy, would allow effective use of genetic resources for introgression and for sustainable oil palm germplasm conservation. The way forward to efficiently conserve the field genebanks into next generation without losing their diversity was further discussed.

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Machado, Luciana C., Vanessa C. Oliveira, Mariana D. Paraventi, Rafaela N. R. Cardoso, Daniele S. Martins, and Carlos E. Ambrósio. "Maintenance of Brazilian Biodiversity by germplasm bank." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 1 (January 2016): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000100010.

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Abstract: Currently the importance of using alternative strategies for biodiversity conservation is emphasized and since the establishment of germplasm bank is an alternative to the conservation of endangered species. This is a technique of great importance for the maintenance of Brazilian fauna. Since the early70'sthere was a growing concern about the need to preserve essential genetic resources for food and agriculture, mainly for conservation of genetic material from farm animals. Thus was created the Brasilia Zoo, in July 2010, the first Germplasm Bank of Wild Animals in Latin America, as an alternative strategy for the conservation of threatened or endangered species, using both gametes and somatic cells and stem cells. Then we argue to create new banks or research networks among different regions with aimed to tissue preservation.

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Hannan, Richard M. "281 CONSERVATION OF PHASEOLUS GERMPLASM FOR THE USDA, ARS, NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 470c—470. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.470c.

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The Phaseolus collection is the largest collection maintained at WRPIS. It numbers 11,501 accessions with 1585 accessions pending PI assignment. Over 20% of the Phaseolus accessions must be handled in special ways because of unique pollination or day length requirements. In accordance with the stated mission of the project, evolution of the bean germplasm maintenance program has included the following innovations: 1. Expanded interaction with the international germplasm centers (i.e. CIAT) and national programs. 2. As a result of interactions with the Phaseolus CAC, the increase of this genus was moved to greenhouse production exclusively. 3. A program to clean up seedborne viruses in the Phaseolus collection was established. 4. For some of the wild species, it was necessary to establish suitable and reliable alternate regeneration sites. 5. In collaboration with the Bean Improvement Cooperative (BIC) Bean Genetics Committee, WRPIS assumed responsibility for the Genetic Stocks Collection. 6. Develop a core subset of the P. vulgaris collection based on passport data, plant characters and molecular markers.

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Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar, Stalin Juan Vasquez Guizado, Muhammad Qasim Shahid, Muhammad Amjad Nawaz, Ephrem Habyarimana, Sezai Ercişli, Fawad Ali, et al. "In-Depth Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Endangered Peruvian Amazon Rosewood Germplasm Using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) Technology." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020197.

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Research studies on conservative genetics of endangered plants are very important to establish the management plans for the conservation of biodiversity. Rosewood is an evergreen tree of the Amazon region and its essential oil has great acceptance in the medical and cosmetic industry. The present study aimed to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 rosewood accessions collected from eight localities of Peruvian Amazon territory through DArTseq markers. A total of 7485 informative markers resulted from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) analysis were used for the molecular characterization of rosewood germplasm. Mean values of various calculated diversity parameters like observed number of alleles (1.962), the effective number of alleles (1.669), unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.411), and percent polymorphism (93.51%) over the entire germplasm showed the existence of a good level of genetic variations. Our results showed that the Mairiricay population was more diverse compared to the rest of the populations. Tamshiyacu-2 and Mairiricay-15 accessions were found genetically distinct accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) reflected maximum variations (75%) are due to differences within populations. The implemented clustering algorithms, i.e., STRUCTURE, neighbor-joining analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) separated the studied germplasm on the basis of their geographical locations. Diversity indices for STRUCTURE-based populations showed that subpopulation A is more diverse population than the rest of the populations, for such reason, individuals belonging to this subpopulation should be used for reintroduction or reinforcement plans of rosewood conservation. We envisage that molecular characterization of Peruvian rosewood germplasm with DArTseq markers will provide a platform for the conservation, management and restoration of endangered rosewood in upcoming years.

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Camadro, E. L., and P. Rimieri. "Ex situ PLANT GERMPLASM CONSERVATION REVISED AT THE LIGHT OF MECHANISMS AND METHODS OF GENETICS." Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 32, Issue 1 (July 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2021.32.01.02.

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Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are ex situ conserved in germplasm banks as samples (accessions) of natural or naturalized populations, either as the originally sampled propagules (mainly seeds) or their multiplications. The premises underlying ex situ conservation are that (a) it is the safest and cheapest alternative for germplasm preservation for future generations and (b) accessions are representative of the genetic diversity encountered in nature. In the past decades, ideas, alternatives and considerations have been put forward on the topic, and protocols have been devised for plant germplasm sampling, conservation and multiplication. However, limitations in the management efficiency of germplasm banks have been pointed out by international organizations. In our opinion, germplasm banks in general need to revise their functioning and management at the light of principles and methods of Genetics. To that end, it is necessary to consider the reproductive biology of higher plants -whose genetic consequences at both the individual plant and the population levels are not always either fully understood or taken into account in devising the protocols-, the genetic structures of wild and cultivated populations, and the course of the genetic material in the populations. In this paper, we discuss the three topics and provide an example of a national forage breeding program, from germplasm bank accessions as the germplasm of origin to the obtainment of commercial cultivars. Finally, we present a proposal as a base for discussion among curators, researchers and breeders. Key words: accessions, breeding, genetic resources, germplasm banks, population genetics

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Camadro, E. L., and P. Rimieri. "Ex situ PLANT GERMPLASM CONSERVATION REVISED AT THE LIGHT OF MECHANISMS AND METHODS OF GENETICS." Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 32, Issue 1 (July 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2020.32.01.02.

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Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are ex situ conserved in germplasm banks as samples (accessions) of natural or naturalized populations, either as the originally sampled propagules (mainly seeds) or their multiplications. The premises underlying ex situ conservation are that (a) it is the safest and cheapest alternative for germplasm preservation for future generations and (b) accessions are representative of the genetic diversity encountered in nature. In the past decades, ideas, alternatives and considerations have been put forward on the topic, and protocols have been devised for plant germplasm sampling, conservation and multiplication. However, limitations in the management efficiency of germplasm banks have been pointed out by international organizations. In our opinion, germplasm banks in general need to revise their functioning and management at the light of principles and methods of Genetics. To that end, it is necessary to consider the reproductive biology of higher plants -whose genetic consequences at both the individual plant and the population levels are not always either fully understood or taken into account in devising the protocols-, the genetic structures of wild and cultivated populations, and the course of the genetic material in the populations. In this paper, we discuss the three topics and provide an example of a national forage breeding program, from germplasm bank accessions as the germplasm of origin to the obtainment of commercial cultivars. Finally, we present a proposal as a base for discussion among curators, researchers and breeders. Key words: accessions, breeding, genetic resources, germplasm banks, population genetics

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Jermyn, W. A., and R. J. Cross. "ACTION NEEDED ON ASPARAGUS GERMPLASM CONSERVATION: A WORKSHOP." Acta Horticulturae, no. 479 (January 1999): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.479.5.

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Faltus, M., J. Zamecnik, J. Domkarova, L. Kreuz, and V. Horackova. "CONSERVATION OF POTATO GERMPLASM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Acta Horticulturae, no. 908 (September 2011): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.908.52.

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Egbadzor, K. F. "Cassava [Manihot Esculenta (Crantz)] Germplasm for Effective Conservation." Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 20, no. 1 (August 9, 2022): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i1.16.

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An experiment was conducted to characterize the cassava germplasm of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute (CSIR-PGRRI), Ghana to help in effective conservation. A total of 210 cassava accessions being conserved at the field genebank of the CSIR – PGRRI were used for the experiment in October, 2014 and data collected in October, 2015 on five morphological traits comprising of plant height, growth type, height of first branch, levels of branching and branch angle. The five traits revealed variability among the cassava accessions. Based on the variability, the 210 accessions were classified into four categories namely short-spreading, tall-spreading, short-non-spreading and tall-nonspreading. Four different planting distances were suggested for the different groups for effective conservation. The recommended planting distances were 75 x 75 cm, 75 x 100 cm, 100 x 100 cm and 100 x 150 cm groups based on height and spreading nature of the cassava accessions. Cassava accessions from different planting distances groups should not be planted adjacent each other to avoid suppressing of weaker ones.

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Moraes, Rodrigo Miranda, Fernanda Carlota Nery, Mayara Caroline Carvalho Pinto, Renato Paiva, and Sandro Barbosa. "Conservation of Hibiscus acetosella germplasm by seed cryopreservation." 2019 13, (03) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1209.

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Hibiscus acetosella (Malvaceae) is a shrub of great importance for landscaping, food and medicinal purposes. The objective of this study was to preserve H. acetosella germplasm by seed cryopreservation. Half of the seed batch was scarified and the other half was kept intact. Cryopreservation occurred by immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour. Moisture content (MC%), germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), normal seedling formation (NS%), shoot length (SL), dry matter (DM), biometry and plant survival were evaluated after treatment. MC% ranged between 7.7% and 6.65% in intact and scarified seeds, respectively. Scarification raised G% and GSI compared to intact seeds. Intact and scarified seeds had 100% and 70% NS%, respectively, when not cryopreserved. Cryopreservation reduced NS% to 62% and 12.75%, respectively. The highest SL was observed in intact and non-cryopreserved seeds, with an average of 10.21 cm in height. However, the cryopreservation of intact seeds reduced SL by about 50%, and scarification led to a further reduction, either with (3.32 cm) or without (2.47 cm) cryopreservation. Seedlings from intact and non-cryopreserved seeds showed higher DM in relation to seedlings from cryopreserved seeds. The association of cryopreservation and scarification further reduced DM. The cryopreservation of intact seeds yielded 100% survival at the end of the acclimatization process. However, cryopreservation of scarified seeds reduced the survival percentage to 15%. Changes in color were observed for seeds scarified and subjected to cryopreservation. Thus, cryopreservation is considered an efficient technique for the conservation of intact H. acetosella seeds in the long term.

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Merritt, David J., Fiona R. Hay, Nigel D. Swarts, Karen D. Sommerville, and Kingsley W. Dixon. "Ex situ Conservation and Cryopreservation of Orchid Germplasm." International Journal of Plant Sciences 175, no. 1 (January 2014): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673370.

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O’Brien, C., M. Constantin, A. Walia, J. Lim Yuan Yiing, and N. Mitter. "Cryopreservation of somatic embryos for avocado germplasm conservation." Scientia Horticulturae 211 (November 2016): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.008.

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Villalobos, V. M., and F. Engelmann. "Ex situ conservation of plant germplasm using biotechnology." World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 11, no. 4 (July 1995): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00364612.

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Wang, J. F., and Z. Q. Wang. "STUDIES ON IN VITRO GERMPLASM CONSERVATION OF LITCHI." Acta Horticulturae, no. 863 (May 2010): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.863.12.

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Paunescu, Anca. "Plant biotechnology for germplasm conservation: When and how?" Current Opinion in Biotechnology 22 (September 2011): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.440.

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Esquerre-Ibañez, Boris, Guillermo E. Delgado-Paredes, Consuelo Rojas-Idrogo, Cecilia Vásquez-Díaz, and J. R. Kuethe. "Micropropagation and Germplasm Conservation of Ficus americana Aubl. and F. obtusifolia Kunth from Lambayeque (Peru)." Colombia forestal 26, no. 1 (December 13, 2022): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/2256201x.19114.

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Ficus americana and F. obtusifolia are among the most important tree species in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) due to their evergreen condition and high levels of biomass. However, the SDTF of Lambayeque and northern Peru is greatly diminishing due to the advance of migratory agriculture, illegal mining, and deforestation. The objective of this work was to study the taxonomic aspects of both species, as well as seed germination, micropropagation, and in vitro germplasm conservation. Seed germination was 100% for both species up to three months after collection. As for micropropagation, rooting, and germplasm conservation, the Piper culture medium was effective, as it was constituted by MS mineral salts with 0.02 mg.L-1 IAA and 0.02 mg.L-1 GA3. In vitro germplasm conservation lasted more than 24 months for both species. Acclimatization under greenhouse conditions reached 50% survival for both species.

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Nguyen Xuan, Viet, Anh Pham Thi Viet, Hoa Nguyen Thi Quynh, Mai Le Thi Tuyet, Huyen Vu Thi Bich, and Thuy Le Thi. "Study on chromosome number and karyotype in the north taro germplasm preserved at the Plant Resources Center - Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0077.

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Chomosome number and karyotypes of the North taro germplasm collections maintained at The Plant Resources Center were studied for the database of taro germplasms and to assess genetic diversity in taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) in Vietnam. The results showed that, most of the 250 accessions of collections discovered are diploid (2n = 2x = 28), accounting for 77,2%, only 22,8% of the germplasm collections are triploid (2n = 3x = 42). The frequency of distribution of diploid and triploid taros between the natural geographic sub-region of the Northwest mountainous and the Northeastern mountainous and midland sub-region is similar. The northern taro germplasm is being conserved is cytogenetic diversity expressed in both chromosome sets (diploid and triploid) and 5 different karyotypes. Three of the five karyotypes (diploid karyotype 11 m + 3 sm, 10 m + 3 sm + 1st, and triploid karyotype, 10 m + 4 sm) were detected in the study were not still reported in taro of Vietnam, therefore added data on the diversity of karyotypes in the taro species of our country. The detailed analysis of chromosomes obtained in this study has provided cytogenetic data, contributing to enriching the taro germplasm database, which is meaningful in conservation and evolutionary research, and planning of breeding programs for new cultivar production of this crop to grow in different agroclimatic environments.

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Harvey, Bryan L., and Brad Fraleigh. "Impacts on Canadian agriculture of the Convention on Biological Diversity." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-005.

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Canada was among the first nations to sign and ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity. With strong support from the federal government, the Canadian delegation played a key role in its negotiation. The Convention has three major elements: (1) the conservation of biodiversity; (2) the sustainable use of biodiversity; and (3) the equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of biodiversity. Canada has developed a draft strategy to meet our obligations as a signatory nation. This strategy was developed with input from various levels of government and from a wide range of individuals and organizations. The benefits to agriculture are increased resources for the conservation of biodiversity, which is vital to this industry, and continued access to germplasm. The costs are the funds necessary to conserve, an obligation to share knowledge and benefits from genetic resources and greater regulation of germplasm exchange. Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, germplasm, convention, genetic resources

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Eslabão, Marcelo Piske, Paulo Eduardo Ellert-Pereira, Rosa Lía Barbieri, and Gustavo Heiden. "Prioridades para a conservação de <i>Butia</i> (Arecaceae)." Ciência Florestal 32, no. 4 (November 23, 2022): 1733–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509838770.

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Butia (Arecaceae) is a palm genus of 21 South American species. The factors that determine the geographical distribution and conservation status of Butia species are still poorly understood. We mapped the specimens with a natural occurrence in South America and evaluated the state of conservation of the species and their respective threat criteria. These results allowed the proposition of priorities for in situ and ex situ conservation. Eleven species were evaluated as Vulnerable (VU), five species as Critically Endangered (CR), three species as Endangered (EN), one species was assessed as Near Threatened (NT) and one species could not be assessed due to Deficient Data (DD). Eight priorities for in situ conservation are recognized and seven species are considered as priorities for ex situ conservation and germplasm collection. The results support the choice of priority areas for in situ conservation and sustainable management, and strategies for ex situ conservation of the species and germplasm collection.

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Bataillon, Thomas M., Jacques L. David, and Daniel J. Schoen. "Neutral Genetic Markers and Conservation Genetics: Simulated Germplasm Collections." Genetics 144, no. 1 (September 1, 1996): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.1.409.

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Abstract This study examines the use of neutral genetic markers to guide sampling from a large germplasm collection with the objective of establishing from it a smaller, but genetically representative sample. We simulated evolutionary change and germplasm sampling in a subdivided population of a diploid hermaphrodite annual plant to create an initially large collection. Several strategies of sampling from this collection were then compared. Our results show that a strategy based on information obtained from marker genes led to retention of the maximum number of neutral and nonneutral alleles in the smaller sample. This occurred when demes were composed of self-fertilizing individuals or when no migration occurred among demes, but not when demes of an outcrossing population were connected by high levels of migration.

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