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1
Meregalli, Massimo. Revisione del genere Plinthus germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae. [Verona: Museo civico di storia naturale di Verona, 1985.
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2
Marco, Carla Di. Gli Otiorhynchus Germar, 1824 ed i generi ad esso strettamente affini: Dodecastichus Stierlin, 1861, Limatogaster Apfelbeck, 1898 e Cirorrhynchus Apfelbeck, 1899 dell'Appennino abruzzese-molisano (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Verona: Museo civico di storia naturale di Verona, 2001.
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3
German: English-German, German-English dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1995.
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4
M, Clark, and Thyen O, eds. Oxford German dictionary: German-English, English-German. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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5
Martin, Genevieve A. German learner's dictionary: English-German, German-English. New York: Living Language, 2008.
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6
(Firm), HarperCollins. Pocket German dictionary: German-English, English-German. 5th ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2001.
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7
Robin, Sawers, ed. Harrap's German dictionary: English German, German English. London: Harrap, 1992.
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8
Zotter, Josefa. Traveler's German dictionary: English-German/German-English. Westport, CT: Cortina Learning International, 1993.
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9
Ute, Nicol, and Terrell Peter, eds. Diamond German dictionary: German-English, English-German. London: Diamond, 1994.
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10
Nevskiy, Sergey, Aleksandr Hudokormov, Mihail Pokidchenko, Irina Chaplygina, Al'fred Shyuller, Zigena Gol'dshmidt, and Yoahim Cvaynert. The history of the concept of social market economy in Germany. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1703180.
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The monograph traces the history of the development of German neoliberal economic thought from the origins of the Freiburg School in the 1930s to the first results of the practical implementation of the concept of a social market economy in West Germany in the late 1940s-early 1960s. The author demonstrates the broad historical context of the development of German ideas about the theory and practice of the policy of order (Ordnungstheorie und Ordnungspolitik), shows the features of the formation and spread of the scientific and intellectual economic tradition in Germany, as well as beyond its borders, starting with the birth of the German historical school and the perception of its heritage by Russian socio-economic thought in the second half of the XIX — early XX century and ending with the practical implementation of the concept of order of the Freiburg school and the correlation of its ideological and spiritual and moral foundations with the social teaching of Catholicism and liberalism of Friedrich von Hayek. Special attention is paid to some controversial issues of the formation of the theory of ordoliberalism during the period of national socialism and the problems of the social market economy in modern Germany.
The book is intended to fill the shortage of specialized scientific literature on relevant issues and to acquaint the Russian reader, primarily students, teachers and researchers, with the variety of ideological and scientific-theoretical foundations of the socio-economic system of the post-war Germany.
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Baer, Hester. German Cinema in the Age of Neoliberalism. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727334.
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This book presents a new history of German film from 1980-2010, a period that witnessed rapid transformations, including intensified globalization, a restructured world economy, geopolitical realignment, and technological change, all of which have affected cinema in fundamental ways. Rethinking the conventional periodization of German film history, Baer posits 1980-rather than 1989-as a crucial turning point for German cinema's embrace of a new market orientation and move away from the state-sponsored film culture that characterized both DEFA and the New German Cinema. Reading films from East, West, and post-unification Germany together, Baer argues that contemporary German cinema is characterized most strongly by its origins in and responses to advanced capitalism. Informed by a feminist approach and in dialogue with prominent theories of contemporary film, the book places a special focus on how German films make visible the neoliberal recasting of gender and national identities around the new millennium.
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Rudolf, Germar. Hunting Germar Rudolf: Essays on a Modern-Day Witch Hunt. Castle Hill Publishers, 2016.
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13
Antonio Jesús Velázquez de Castro González. Estudio Morfológico y Taxonómico Del Género Sitona Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2006.
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14
Friedeburg, Robert Von. Origins of Modern Germany. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0002.
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This article traces the origins of German history; the outcome the Western Federal Republic of 1949–1989, curiously similar to the Eastern Franconian Empire of Ludwig the German emerging with the treaty of Verdun, and the unified Germany at the second half of the twentieth century. Early modern Germans had a wide number of varying and partly contradictory ideas about the relation of empire, nation, and fatherland. This article traces the establishment of Germany as an empire and nation. The German lands were marked by conflicts and tensions between emperors and popes, kings and higher nobility, and among regions under varying degrees of royal influence and control. This article explains pluralism in German society and the eventual formation of the territorial German state, whether the Bonn or Berlin Federal Republic is seen to be the true representative of modern Germany, the territorial state seems to remain unavoidably at center stage.
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Mastroianni, George R. In the Aftermath. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638238.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 approaches the psychology of the Holocaust by looking at postwar attitudes and changes in German society. The situationist approach of Milgram and Zimbardo would seem to suggest that the attitudes of Germans might undergo rapid change after the situational influences of the Nazi regime were removed with the collapse of the regime. There is a significant body of data on attitudes of the German public before and during the war. Surveys conducted after the war found significant continuity in anti-Semitic attitudes among some segments of the German population, including many young people. Interestingly, Germans in East Germany exhibited less anti-Semitism than those in the Federal Republic, suggesting that education and socialization can have a significant impact on attitude change.
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Speiser, Peter. The Soldiers, the Airmen, and the Germans. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040160.003.0005.
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This chapter analyzes the BAOR's own attempts to adapt to the changing nature of Anglo-German relations between 1948 and 1957. This involves constraints caused by the organizational structure of the British armed services in Germany, the impact of service accommodation on levels of contacts, official attempts by military units to improve relations in local towns, and the experiences of individual officers and ranks. Secondary source material on the official relationship between the British army and the Germans is limited and so far covers only the period immediately following the German surrender in May 1945. Nonetheless, most of the recollections of servicemen in Germany during the 1940s and 1950s tend to focus on army life rather than on the contacts made with the local German population.
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Patton, David F. Annus Mirabilis: 1989 and German Unification. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0033.
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This article focuses on the wonder years enjoyed by Germany in 1989 that followed the great German unification. In 1989–1990, the two Germanies underwent a series of remarkable changes that would signal the end of the postwar division of Europe. East Germans peacefully toppled the hard-line Socialist Unity Party that had ruled with an iron fist for forty years. This article traces the revolutions that raged East Germany and its effects on the other part of the country. East Germany witnessed mass exodus resulting in labor shortages and other such problems. As East Germans fled in the summer of 1989, pro-democracy activists formed civic groups calling for reform. This article also explains the involvement of the two states in bringing down the iron curtain and unifying Germany. This article also explains the form of chancellor democracy, new economy that came to dominate the new found Germany.
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Grimm, Reinhold. Plays: Gerhart Hauptmann (German Library). Continuum International Publishing Group, 1993.
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19
Palmer, R. R. Germany: The Revolution of the Mind. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0029.
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This chapter focuses on Germany during the revolutionary decade. The years of political change coincided with the supreme efflorescence of German thought and culture. It was the age of Goethe and Schiller, of Mozart and Beethoven, of Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Herder, Schleiermacher, and the Humboldts. Under the influence of such masters, a new German national consciousness was beginning to take form. An ambivalent attitude to revolution entered into the national outlook. The Germans neither rejected revolution in the abstract, nor accepted it in its actual manifestations. Nothing was more characteristic, in Germany before 1800, than to continue to hail the principles and goals of the French Revolution with enthusiasm, and to believe that in French hands, thanks to French faults, these principles had miscarried.
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Sandler, Willeke. Empire in the Heimat. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697907.001.0001.
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With the end of the First World War, Germany became a “postcolonial” power. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 transformed Germany’s overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific into League of Nations Mandates, administered by other powers. Yet a number of Germans rejected this “postcolonial” status, arguing instead that Germany was simply an interrupted colonial power and would soon reclaim these territories. With the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, irredentism seemed once again on the agenda, and these colonialist advocates actively and loudly promoted their colonial cause in the Third Reich. Examining the domestic activities of these colonialist lobbying organizations, Empire in the Heimat demonstrates the continued place of overseas colonialism in shaping German national identity after the end of formal empire. In the Third Reich, the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft and the Reichskolonialbund framed Germans as having a particular aptitude for colonialism and the overseas territories as a German Heimat. As such, they sought to give overseas colonialism renewed meaning for both the present and the future of Nazi Germany. They brought this message to the German public through countless publications, exhibitions, rallies, lectures, photographs, and posters. Their public activities were met with a mix of occasional support, ambivalence, or even outright opposition from some Nazi officials, who privileged the Nazi regime’s European territorial goals over colonialists’ overseas goals. Colonialists’ ability to navigate this obstruction and intervention reveals both the limitations and the spaces available in the public sphere under Nazism for such “special interest” discourses.
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Schreiter, Katrin. Designing One Nation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877279.001.0001.
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The histories of East and West Germany traditionally emphasize the Cold War rivalries between the communist and capitalist nations. Yet, even as the countries diverged in their political directions, they had to create new ways of working together economically. This book examines the material culture of increasing economic contacts in divided Germany from the 1940s until the 1990s. Trade events, such as fairs and product shows, became one of the few venues for sustained links and knowledge between the two countries after the building of the Berlin Wall. The book uses industrial design, epitomized by the furniture industry, to show how a network of politicians, entrepreneurs, and cultural brokers attempted to nationally re-inscribe their production cultures, define a postwar German identity, and regain economic stability and political influence in postwar Europe. What started as a competition for ideological superiority between East and West Germany quickly turned into a shared, politically legitimizing quest for an untainted post-fascist modernity. This work follows products from the drawing board into the homes of ordinary Germans to offer insights into how converging visions of German industrial modernity created shared expectations about economic progress and living standards. The book reveals how intra-German and European trade policies drove the creation of products and generated a certain convergence of East and West German taste by the 1980s.
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Gerhard Ebeling - Eine Biographie (German Edition). Mohr Siebeck, 2012.
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23
Schabas, William A. Finalising the Treaty of Versailles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833857.003.0013.
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Wilson’s text was polished by the Drafting Committee and then altered, upon the request of Lloyd George, so as to remove any suggestion that it did not provide for a proper criminal trial. The draft treaty was then submitted to the Germans for comment. A committee of German experts that included the famous sociologist Max Weber wrote a reply contesting the clauses about trial and punishment of Kaiser Wilhelm. For Germany, this was one of the few provisions in the Treaty of Versailles that were intolerable. But the Allies refused to budge and Germany found itself forced to sign.
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Weinreb, Alice. Hunger and the Remaking of History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605094.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes occupied Germany between 1945 and 1949, the years that saw the transition from the Second World War to the Cold War. During this time, the country was divided into four zones, each occupied by an Allied power (the United States, the USSR, France, and Great Britain.) This chapter argues that these years, known in Germany as the Hunger Years, played a key role in shaping modern discourses of human rights through assertions of the right of all individuals to food. Specifically, in the wake of the Third Reich, the hunger of German civilians acquired a moral weight that effectively depoliticized the category of “rights.” Analyzing civilian and medical debates about the causes and consequences of German hunger, the chapter explores the ways in which the different Allied rationing programs interpreted responsibility for Nazi crimes, and the ways in which Germans reacted to, challenged, and appropriated these categories.
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Mezger, Caroline. Forging Germans. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850168.001.0001.
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Forging Germans explores the nationalization and eventual National Socialist mobilization of ethnic German children and youth in interwar and World War II Yugoslavia, particularly in two of its multiethnic, post-Habsburg borderlands: the Western Banat and the Batschka. Drawing upon original oral history interviews, untapped archival materials from Germany, Hungary, and Serbia, and historical press sources, the book uncovers the multifarious ways in which political, ecclesiastical, cultural, and military agents from Germany colluded with local nationalist activists to inculcate Yugoslavia’s ethnic Germans with divergent notions of “Germanness.” As the book shows, even in the midst of Yugoslavia’s violent and shifting Axis occupation, children and youth not only remained the subjects, but became agents of nationalist activism, as they embraced, negotiated, redefined, proselytized, lived, and died for the “Germanness” ascribed to them. Forging Germans is conceptualized as a contribution to the study of National Socialism from a transnational and comparative perspective, to the mid-twentieth-century history of Southeastern Europe and its relation to Germany, to studies of borderland nationalism and experiences of World War II occupation, and to the history of childhood and youth.
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Retallack, James. Red Saxony. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668786.001.0001.
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This book throws new light on the reciprocal relationship between political modernization and authoritarianism in Germany over the span of six decades. Election battles were fought so fiercely in Imperial Germany because they reflected two kinds of democratization. Social democratization could not be stopped; but political democratization was opposed by many members of the German bourgeoisie. Frightened by the electoral success of Social Democrats after 1871, anti-democrats deployed many strategies that flew in the face of electoral fairness. They battled socialists, liberals, and Jews at election time, but they also strove to rewrite the electoral rules of the game. Using a regional lens to rethink older assumptions about Germany’s changing political culture, this book focuses as much on contemporary Germans’ perceptions of electoral fairness as on their experiences of voting. It devotes special attention to various semi-democratic voting systems whereby a general and equal suffrage (for the Reichstag) was combined with limited and unequal ones for local and regional parliaments. For the first time, democratization at all three tiers of governance and their reciprocal effects are considered together. Although the bourgeois face of German authoritarianism was nowhere more evident than in the Kingdom of Saxony, this book illustrates how Germans grew to fear the spectre of democracy. Certainly twists and turns lay ahead, yet that fear made it easier for Hitler and the Nazis to inter German democracy in 1933.
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Biess, Frank. German Angst. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714187.001.0001.
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German Angst analyzes the relationship of fear and democracy in postwar West Germany. While fear has historically been associated with authoritarian regimes, the book highlights the role of fear and anxiety in a democratizing society: these emotions undermined democracy and stabilized it at the same time. By taking seriously postwar Germans’ uncertainties about the future, the book challenges dominant linear and teleological narratives of postwar West German “success.” It highlights the prospective function of memories of war and defeat, of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Fears and anxieties derived from memories of a catastrophic past that postwar Germans projected into the future. Based on case studies from the 1940s to the present, the book provides a new interpretive synthesis of the Federal Republic. It tells the history of the Federal Republic as a series of recurring crises, in which specific fears and anxieties emerged, served a variety of political functions, and then again abated. Drawing on recent interdisciplinary insights of emotion studies, the book transcends the dichotomy of “reason” and “emotion.” Fear and anxiety were not exclusively irrational and dysfunctional but served important roles in postwar democracy. These emotions sensitized postwar Germans to the dangers of an authoritarian transformation, and they also served as the emotional engine of the environmental and peace movements. The book also provides an original analysis of the emotional basis of right-wing populism in Germany today, and it explores the possibilities of a democratic politics of emotion.
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Zimmerman, Andrew. Race and World Politics: Germany in the Age of Imperialism, 1878–1914. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0016.
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This article analyses the question of race in world politics in the backdrop of imperialistic Germany. Racism and concepts of race emerged from an unequal, regionally varying, and international division of labor inside Europe and the United States and in those regions around the world over which Europe and the United States came to exercise formal and informal imperial power. Germany developed a unique Central-European politics of race in the contested Polish provinces of the Prussian East, and they annexed in the eighteenth-century partitions of Poland. Many Germans regarded Poles as deficient in Kultur, a concept signifying everything from diligent work habits to a secular rationality supposedly absent among Catholic Poles. Early German racism was thus cultural rather than biological and was promoted by the progressive bourgeois. As a principle of social ordering, race functioned as a colonial kinship system, and thus depended ultimately on the control of sexuality. A comparative analysis between international racism and German racism concludes this article.
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Ziemann, Benjamin. Religion and the Search For Meaning, 1945–1990. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0030.
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This article encapsulates some of the problems that rampaged Germany apart from politics. The ongoing relevance of religion in the search for meaning in postwar Germany, amidst growing discontent with the churches as organized bodies and their professional representatives; the ways in which their lack of resistance against the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi regime haunted the Christian churches after 1945. Amidst the rubble of the society of the immediate postwar period, bishops, priests, and theologians of both Christian churches agreed that a rebuilding of the moral and political order could only succeed through a reaffirmation of Christian values. Rebuilding the moral compass and the international authority of the Germans would, hence, require a rechristianization of society. Statistics showing that people rejoined the churches in droves seemed to support these claims for a rechristianization of German society. This article analyses the culmination of religions within the German society post Second World War.
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Giersdorf, Jens Richard. Moving against Disappearance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0011.
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Nearly a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany was subsumed into the West German national structure. As a result, the distinct political systems, institutions, and cultures that characterized East Germany have nearly completely vanished. In some instances, this history was actively—and physically—eradicated by the unified Germany. This chapter works against the disappearance of East German culture by reconstructing the physicality of the walk across the border on the day of the opening of the Berlin Wall and two choreographic works depicting East German identities on stage. The initial re-creation of the choreography of a pedestrian movement provides a social, political, and methodological context that relates the two dance productions to the social movement of East German citizens. Both works take stances on the political situation in East Germany during and after the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989, although one is by a West German artist, Sasha Waltz, and the other by East German choreographer Jo Fabian.
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Edele, Mark. Collaborations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798156.003.0007.
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This chapter considers what happened to defectors after they crossed the line. Many died in the nightmarish POW camps of the Wehrmacht. Many of those who survived became military collaborators with the Germans. They often retreated with the Wehrmacht and found themselves outside Soviet territory at the war’s end. From there, they were either repatriated to the Soviet Union or went into exile all over the world. Only a minority were prosecuted for their initial treason or for war crimes they might have committed while in German service. The chapter also returns to Ivan Nikitich Kononov, tracing his wartime career on the side of the Germans and his post-war life in Germany and Australia.
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Gerhard Friedl [German-Language Edition]: Ein Arbeitsbuch. Columbia University Press, 2019.
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33
Smith, Helmut Walser, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History is a multi-author survey of German history that features syntheses of major topics by an international team of scholars. Emphasizing demographic, economic, and political history, this text places German history in a denser transnational context than any other general history of Germany. It underscores the centrality of war to the unfolding of German history, and shows how it dramatically affected the development of German nationalism and the structure of German politics. It also reaches out to scholars and students beyond the field of history with detailed chapters on religious history and on literary history, as well as to contemporary observers, with reflections on Germany and the European Union, and on ‘multi-cultural Germany’. Covering the period from around 1760 to the present, this book represents a synthesis based on current scholarship. It constitutes the starting point for anyone trying to understand the complexities of German history as well as the state of scholarly reflection on Germany's dramatic, often destructive, integration into the community of modern nations. As it brings this story to the present, it also places the current post-unification Federal Republic of Germany into a multifaceted historical context.
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Oberreuter, Heinrich, ed. Praeceptor Germaniae. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845238500.
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Understanding acumen and politics plus German culture and Western civilisation as diametrically opposed is a German disease which Thomas Mann also succumbed to. Initially, Mann did not regard democracy as an appropriate form of government for Germans as they were not able to love politics: he was therefore just one apolitical individual among many. Eventually, Thomas Mann liberated himself from this prejudiced approach to politics and the apolitical, and came to terms with democracy. From then on, he countered radicalism’s propensity to use violence with republican reason, which led to him being treated with hostility, persecuted and forced into exile. Politics, which was originally alien to him, swept its way into his life and forced him to adopt a standpoint on it, without him ever having become a political person or even a political thinker at heart. His comments on politics did not leave West and East Germans unaffected, especially as the idea of a cultural nation, through which acumen suddenly legitimised politics, was one of the few things which held the seemingly irreconcilably divided nations together. In post-war Germany, Thomas Mann increasingly became a ‘Praeceptor Germaniae’ (one of the country’s most eminent teachers). In this book, prominent experts clearly depict his gravitation towards the republic, his road into exile, his fight against Hitler and his influence on a divided Germany. With contributions by Manfred Görtemaker, Philipp Gut, Helmut Koopmann, Horst Möller, Heinrich Oberreuter, Julia Schöll, Hans-Rudolf Vaget, Georg Wenzel, Ruprecht Wimmer and Hans Wisskirchen.
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Hayton, Jeff. Culture from the Slums. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866183.001.0001.
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Culture from the Slums explores the history of punk rock in East and West Germany during the 1970s and 1980s. These decades witnessed an explosion of alternative culture across divided Germany, and punk was a critical constituent of this movement. For young Germans at the time, punk appealed to those gravitating toward individual and cultural experimentation rooted in notions of authenticity—endeavors considered to be more “real” and “genuine.” Adopting musical subculture from abroad and rearticulating the genre locally, punk gave individuals uncomfortable with their societies the opportunity to create alternative worlds. Examining how youths mobilized music to build alternative communities and identities during the Cold War, Culture from the Slums details how punk became the site of historical change during this era: in the West, concerning national identity, commercialism, and politicization; while in the East, over repression, resistance, and collaboration. But on either side of the Iron Curtain, punks’ struggles for individuality and independence forced their societies to come to terms with their political, social, and aesthetic challenges, confrontations which pluralized both states, a surprising similarity connecting democratic, capitalist West Germany with socialist, authoritarian East Germany. In this manner, Culture from the Slums suggests that the ideas, practices, and communities which youths called into being transformed both German societies along more diverse and ultimately democratic lines. Using a wealth of previously untapped archival documentation, Culture from the Slums reorients German and European history during this period by integrating alternative culture and music subculture into broader narratives of postwar inquiry and explains how punk rock shaped divided Germany in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Judson, Pieter M. Nationalism in the Era of the Nation State, 1870–1945. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0022.
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Under the first German nation state (1870–1945), nationalism became a more potent and, occasionally, a destabilizing force in politics and social life than it had previously been in German society. With the creation of a German nation state, governments and administrators began to treat nationalism as a legitimate tool for the promotion of their official policies at the same time that all manner of activists, politicians, journalists, and reformers used nationalist rhetoric to legitimate their diverse programs for Germany and claims on the state. This article focuses on nationalism in Germany and the concept of the nation state. This article analyses the concept of the German nation along with the idea of German diasporas, and societal and class conflict within German society and the changes that eventually came within German society.
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Sahni, Ruchi Ram. My First Visit to Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474004.003.0014.
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The chapter relates Ruchi Ram Sahni’s adventures in attempting to do research on radioactivity in Germany. Having learned German from a German padre in Lahore, Sahni departed to the small town of Karlsruhe in Germany to work under Dr Kasimir Fajans. He was unfortunate to arrive in Germany in 1914, just as war clouds were looming in Europe. Deciding not to remain in Germany, Sahni escaped to England via Holland just before the start of World War I, aided by two Indian friends in Heidelberg. He paints a vivid picture of the atmosphere in Germany as it prepared for war.
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Smith, Helmut Walser. Introduction. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0001.
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This book departs in significant ways from previous histories of modern Germany. The book also represents a novel attempt to place German history in a deeper international and transnational setting than has hitherto been the case. This is the second important departure, and is, in this sense, that national histories and ‘area studies’ need to take fuller account of changes occurring in the wider world. There have also been a number of attempts to emphasize the history of the everyday, or to underscore the impact of war on German society. The book makes nation-state sovereignty into a decisive marker as well as a problem of modern German history. A concept of the German nation reaches at least to the early sixteenth century, when the Holy Roman Empire officially added the appellation ‘of the German Nation’. This article chronicles the history of Germany from the eighteenth century to the twentieth century.
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Barbieri, William A. Toward A Multicultural Society? Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0035.
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This article traces the multicultural German society that gradually came over after the reunification. In hosting the World Cup of 2006, Germany presented a new face to the world. The widely circulated image of the Afro-German footballer Gerald Asamoah in the publicity campaign ‘Du bist Deutschland’ advertised a Germany comfortable with its diversity and optimistic about its future prospects. The new German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, declared it time to relinquish the failed utopian dream of the multicultural society. These two snapshots reflect some of the divergent sensibilities and political forces in play as German society kicked off the twenty-first century amidst controversies over how best to come to terms with the ethnic diversity bequeathed by the ‘guest worker’ policies and various other migrations of the previous fifty years. This article further elaborates upon the conceptions of multiculturalism and the ideal and dialectics of the multicultural German society.
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Die Chemie- und Pharmaindustrie in Ostdeutschland. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828876477.
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Where is the East German chemical and pharmaceutical industry today? What is characteristic of the East, what is similar to the rest of the country? The analysis of many different structural features leads to a diverse picture of this key industry in East Germany. It differentiates between the two different branches chemistry and pharmacy as well as between the individual six East German states. Eastern chemistry has developed into a highly productive and internationally competitive industrial sector. The analysis of the location of East Germany is followed by a look at the challenges and opportunities for the East German chemical industry, a central player in the ongoing transformation process.
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Weinreb, Alice. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605094.003.0008.
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The epilogue explores the ways in which fantasies and memories of food and hunger were central to the experience of German reunification in 1989/1990. It analyzes the frequent invocation of particular foods, particularly bananas, during this time, and shows that such fantasies about East German appetites have a long tradition in the FRG, dating back to the early years of division. The chapter argues that such Western descriptions of East German hungers and food ways say more about West Germans than they do about East Germans. It also explores the important role played by food in Ostalgie, or “nostalgia for the East,” a form of nostalgia that is specific to post-socialist societies. This analysis uses food discourse to complicate the idea that German reunification was a successful, and above all finite, process.
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Schwartz, Paul M. Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in Germany. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0003.
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This chapter covers German law as it applies to government access to private-sector data. German law has long been strongly committed to informational privacy. Its protections are found at the constitutional and statutory levels. At the same time, legislation over the last two decades has expanded the ability of the government, including police and intelligence agencies, to process, store, and share personal information. The resulting databanks create elements of systematic access to personal data in Germany. At the same time, German unease with systematic data access is shown by the ongoing controversies with data retention and the abandoned ELENA process. Complex questions have also been raised by private sector attempts to create a Germany-only “cloud” as well as the significant and ongoing collaboration between German and US intelligence agencies.
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Osborne, John. Gerhart Hauptmann and the Naturalist Drama (German Theatre Archive). Routledge, 1999.
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Osborne, John. Gerhart Hauptmann and the Naturalist Drama (German Theatre Archive). Routledge, 1998.
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Gezen, Ela, Priscilla Layne, and Jonathan Skolnik, eds. Minority Discourses in Germany Since 1990. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/9781800734272.
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While German unification promised a new historical beginning, it also stirred discussions about contemporary Germany’s Nazi past and ideas of citizenship and belonging in a changing Europe. Minority Discourses in Germany Since 1990 explores the intersections and divergences between Black German, Turkish German, and German Jewish experiences, with reflections on the evolving academic paradigms with which these are studied. Informed by comparative approaches, the volume investigates social and aesthetic interventions into contemporary German public and political discourse on memory, racism, citizenship, immigration, and history.
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Neudert, Lisa-Maria N. Germany. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0008.
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As concerns over misinformation, political bots, and the impact of social media on public discourse manifest in Germany, this chapter explores the role of computational propaganda in and around German politics. The research sheds light on how algorithms, automation, and big data are leveraged to manipulate the German public, presenting real-time social media data and rich evidence from interviews with a wide range of German Internet experts—bot developers, policymakers, cyberwarfare specialists, victims of automated attacks, and social media moderators. In addition, the chapter examines how the ongoing public debate surrounding the threats of right-wing political currents and foreign election interference in the Federal Election 2017 has created sentiments of concern and fear. Imposed regulation, multi-stakeholder actionism, and sustained media attention remain unsubstantiated by empirical findings of computational propaganda. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of social media discourse during the German parliamentary election 2016. Pioneering the methodological assessment of the magnitude of automation and junk news, the author finds limited evidence of computational propaganda in Germany. The author concludes that the impact of computational propaganda, nonetheless, is substantial in Germany, promoting a dispersed civic debate, political vigilance, and restrictive countermeasures that leave a deep imprint on the freedom and openness of the public discourse in Germany.
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Daum, Andreas W. The Two German States in the International World. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0032.
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This article centers on the two German states in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972, however, détente — the period of relaxation, openness, and communication between the two antagonistic superpowers and their allies — had reached its height. Many in the West no longer saw the border that separated the Germans into antagonistic political blocs as an insurmountable ‘Iron Curtain’. The building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 had been a brutal act. Ironically, its existence opened new opportunities for encounters between West and East. Dialogue, openness, and transparency were values that many in the Federal Republic cherished in 1972. These, too, were values that West Germans wanted others to associate with their country. They were meant to articulate — at home and abroad — that West Germany had developed into a knowledge-based, technologically-advanced, internationally minded, and peaceful consumer society. Finally in 1989 both the Germanies were united on the basis of unanimous international agreements.
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Richard, Kreindler, Wolff Reinmar, and Rieder Markus S. Commercial Arbitration in Germany. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676811.001.0001.
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This book provides a detailed commentary on and analysis of German arbitration law and practice. This title covers both domestic and international arbitration in all its stages. The work details the legal framework for German-related arbitration and provides practical guidance on the appropriate choices, with a specific focus on particularities of German law and practice. The book navigates along the life cycle of an arbitration, commencing with the arbitration agreement, continuing with the arbitral tribunal, the arbitral proceedings and interim relief, and concluding with the arbitral award including its recognition and enforcement. At each stage, the work combines exhaustive legal analysis, clear and concise presentation, and a practical and accessible approach. Arbitration in Germany continues to grow as the country builds on its reputation as a suitable venue for international arbitration. This trend is reflected in the increasing relevance of the German Institution of Arbitration (DIS), which currently has more than 1,150 members domestically and overseas, including numerous major trade organizations and chambers of commerce, leading German companies, judges, lawyers and academics. The number of arbitration cases under the DIS Rules has more than doubled since 2005 while statistics of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) show that Germany is the fifth most frequently chosen place of arbitration and German law is the fourth most frequently chosen law. Even where the place of arbitration is outside Germany, German arbitration law plays an increasingly important role for the recognition and enforcement of awards. This particular significance is highlighted by Germany's strong export-oriented economy and is mirrored in the fact that German parties are the second most frequently encountered nationality among parties in ICC arbitrations worldwide.
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Larres, Klaus, Holger Moroff, and Ruth Wittlinger, eds. The Oxford Handbook of German Politics. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198817307.001.0001.
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Abstract Few countries have caused or experienced more calamities in the twentieth century than Germany. The country emerged from the Cold War as a newly united and sovereign state, eventually becoming Europe’s indispensable partner for all major domestic and foreign policy initiatives. This Oxford Handbook of German Politics provides a comprehensive overview of some of the major issues of German domestic politics, economics, foreign policy, and culture by leading experts in their respective fields. This book serves primarily as a reference work on Germany for scholars and an interested public, but through this broader lens it also provides a magnifying glass of global developments, which are challenging and transforming the modern state. The growing importance of Germany as a political actor and economic partner makes this endeavour all the more timely and pertinent from both a German and European but also from a global perspective.
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Applegate, Celia. Senses of Place. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0003.
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Geographer Johann Rauw wrote that the German landscape made him think of ‘a great and splendid city with its suburbs, the city itself located within its walls and fortifications, the suburbs without’. The image, an elegant way of evading the muddle of borders, contrasts to his equally vivid image of walking the ‘circumference of Germany, as far as the German language is spoken’, a voyage marked by the cities and regions one would pass through. Place gives one an identity in the world. Knowing place has been a way of knowing Germany for the many hundreds of years in which some concept of Germany existed. The main purpose of this article is to focus on a few narratives and representations of German places that bring together multiplicity and familiarity. It looks at compendiums of places and travels among places in which the inventory of variety constitutes the wholeness of the culture.