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Gross-Wittke, A., G. Gunkel, and A. Hoffmann. "Temperature effects on bank filtration: redox conditions and physical-chemical parameters of pore water at Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany." Journal of Water and Climate Change 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2010.005.
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In the city of Berlin, artificial groundwater recharge techniques, such as bank filtration and infiltration ponds, are an important source for drinking water production. Climate change with increasing surface water temperatures can influence the water purification processes during bank filtration mainly due the intensification of metabolic processes leading to a decrease of oxygen and an increase of anaerobic conditions. In Lake Tegel a significant increase of water temperature in the epilimnion of 2.4°C within the last 30 years was recorded. For a better understanding of induced bank filtration at Lake Tegel, redox processes and physical-chemical conditions within the surface sediment layers (0–26 cm depth) at the littoral infiltration zone were investigated. The influence of temperature in the range of 0–25°C on microbial catalysis of redox processes, such as reduction of nitrate and sulphate, was examined during the period March 2004–June 2005. High water temperatures (16–25°C) were accompanied by negative redox potentials (EH=−47 mV) and decreasing Ninorg concentrations, while the amount of ammonia, Mn2 + and Fe2 + was rising. This indicates redox processes such as denitrification, Mn4 + reduction, nitrate respiration and ammonification, as well as Fe3 + reduction. The reduction of sulphate, however, has not yet become significant at Lake Tegel, but with increasing water temperature, sulphate reduction must be expected.
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Jueg, Uwe, and Peter Michalik. "Lost and found – Fritz Müller´s type material of Glossiphonia verrucata (Fr. Müller, 1844) (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) with notes on the leech fauna of lake Tegel in Berlin (Germany)." Evolutionary Systematics 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.2.30793.
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In 1844, the famous German biologist Fritz Müller published his dissertation about the leech fauna of lakes in Berlin. This study not only addressed the occurrence of leeches in the different lakes, but also contains the description of a new species -Glossiphoniaverrrucata(Fr. Müller, 1844). Unfortunately, he never mentioned how many specimens he found and where he deposited the material of his dissertation research. Thus, it came as a surprise that the material appeared in the small leech collection of the Zoological Museum of the University of Greifswald. Here, we provide an overview of the material focusing especially on the four syntypes ofG.verrucata. Since this is a rarely found species, we further explored historical material from the type locality, Lake Tegel, held in other museums. Our survey revealed that the material collected by Müller is the only one known to date from the species-rich Lake Tegel, which is inhabited by 14 species of freshwater leeches.
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Hoffmann, Anja, and Günter Gunkel. "Carbon input, production and turnover in the interstices of a Lake Tegel bank filtration site, Berlin, Germany." Limnologica 41, no. 3 (September 2011): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2010.10.002.
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Ladwig, Robert, Eiichi Furusato, Georgiy Kirillin, Reinhard Hinkelmann, and Michael Hupfer. "Climate Change Demands Adaptive Management of Urban Lakes: Model-Based Assessment of Management Scenarios for Lake Tegel (Berlin, Germany)." Water 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10020186.
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Fastner, Jutta, Camilla Beulker, Britta Geiser, Anja Hoffmann, Roswitha Kröger, Kinga Teske, Judith Hoppe, et al. "Fatal Neurotoxicosis in Dogs Associated with Tychoplanktic, Anatoxin-a Producing Tychonema sp. in Mesotrophic Lake Tegel, Berlin." Toxins 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10020060.
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In May 2017, at least 12 dogs showed signs of acute neurotoxicosis after swimming in or drinking from Lake Tegel, a mesotrophic lake in Berlin, Germany, and several of the affected dogs died shortly afterwards despite intensive veterinary treatment. Cyanobacterial blooms were not visible at the water surface or the shorelines. However, detached and floating water moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) with high amounts of Tychonema sp., a potential anatoxin-a (ATX) producing cyanobacterium, was found near the beaches where the dogs had been swimming and playing. Necropsies of two of the dogs revealed no specific lesions beside the anamnestic neurotoxicosis. ATX was detected in concentrations up to 8700 µg L−1 in the stomach contents, while other (neuro)toxic substances were not found. In the aqueous fraction of Fontinalis/Tychonema clumps sampled after the casualties, ATX was found in concentrations up to 1870 µg L−1. This is the first report of a dense population of Tychonema sp. in stands of Fontinalis resulting in high ATX contents. This case emphasizes the need for further investigation of potentially toxic, non-bloom forming cyanobacteria in less eutrophic water bodies and underlines the novel challenge of developing appropriate surveillance schemes for respective bathing sites.
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Jekel, M., and S. Gruenheid. "Bank filtration and groundwater recharge for treatment of polluted surface waters." Water Supply 5, no. 5 (December 1, 2005): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0039.
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Investigations on the behavior of different bulk organics and trace organic compounds at a bank filtration site at Lake Tegel in Berlin, Germany, and in a long retention soil column system are reported. The objective of the research was to assess important factors of influence for the degradation of bulk and trace organics. More than two years of monitoring for the bulk parameter DOC proved that the redox conditions significantly influence the DOC-degradation rates but not necessarily the residual concentration. LC-OCD measurements confirmed that the change in character is comparable for aerobic and anoxic/anaerobic infiltration. Only the fraction of polysaccharides shows a better removal under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) measurements revealed a more efficient degradation of AOI and AOBr under anoxic/anaerobic conditions. The moznitoring of the single organic pollutants Iopromide, Sulfamethoxazole and naphthalenedisulfonic acids showed that the redox conditions have an influence on the degradation behavior of some of the monitored compounds. Iopromide was efficiently removed at all times, but no evidence for a dehalogenation under oxic conditions was found. Sulfamethoxazole showed a better removal under anoxic/anaerobic conditions. The very stable 1.5-naphthalenesulfonic acid was not removed under either redox condition.
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Kızıler Emer, Funda, and Esma Şen. "Thematic comparasion Hermann Hesse’s novel names Beneath The Wheel (Unterm Rad) and Michael Haneke’s film names The White Ribbon (Das Weiße Band) Hermann Hesse’nin Çarklar Arasında (Unterm Rad) adlı romanı ile Michael Haneke’nin Beyaz Bant (Das Weiße Band) adlı filminin tematik açıdan karşılaştırılması." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i2.5733.
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Hermann Hesse, one of the most renowned and well-known Nobel laureates in German literature, is the first years of the 20th century, described in his novel, Beneath The Wheel (Unterm Rad, 1906). The film The White Ribbon. A German Children's Story. (Das Weiße Band. Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte, 2009) of Michael Haneke, one of the world-renowned screenwriters and directors of contemporary German cinema, covers the years of World War I 1913-1914.The main point of criticism in both works is the criticism of education and ideological education policies that dominated the period. In the two works of which one is a novel and the other is a film, we choose them as a thematic aspect, cover the period between 1900 and 1914. In other words, in the first quarter of the 20th century, the criticism of education in Germany and all over Europe is criticized. In this study, we will compare the two German works with each other on the basis of this ‘common subject’. We will limit the comparative analysis of the education problem in selected works to the first quarter of the 20th century based on the time periods described in the works. Within the scope of our study, we will present a critique of the ideological education concept that dominated this period Germany and at the same time laid the foundations of World War I.In the analysis of these two works, which we compare in the common theme axis, we will use the comparative literature method. In the study, we will use an eclectic method in which we will harmonize the methods of text analysis (werkimmanent) and non-text extern (werk extern) in a balanced way.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAlman edebiyatının Nobel ödüllü ve dünya çapında tanınmış çok yönlü yazarlarından biri olan Hermann Hesse’nin Çarklar Arasında (Unterm Rad, 1906) adlı romanında anlatılan zaman dilimi 20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarıdır. Çağdaş Alman sinemasının ödüllü ve dünya çapından ün salmış senarist ve yönetmenlerinden biri olan Michael Haneke’nin Beyaz Bant. Bir Alman Çocuk Öyküsü. (Das Weisse Band. Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte, 2009) adlı sinema filmi ise I. Dünya Savaşı’nın patlak verdiği yılları 1913-1914 kapsar.Her iki eserde de temel eleştiri noktası, döneme egemen olan eğitim anlayışı ve ideolojik eğitim politikalarına yöneliktir. Çalışma konusu olarak seçtiğimiz biri roman, diğeri film türünde olan iki eser de tematik açıdan, 1900 ila 1914 yılları arasındaki dönemi kapsar. Yani eserlerde 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Almanya’da ve tüm Avrupa genelinde egemen olan eğitim anlayışının eleştirisi yapılır. Biz de bu çalışmada, her iki Almanca eseri, saptadığımız bu ‘ortak konu’ ekseninde birbiriyle karşılaştıracağız. Seçtiğimiz eserlerdeki eğitim sorunsalının karşılaştırmalı analizini, eserlerde anlatılan zaman dilimlerini temel alarak yalnızca 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine sınırlandıracağız. Çalışmamız kapsamında, bu dönem Almanya’sına egemen olan ve aynı zamanda I. Dünya Savaşı’nın temellerini atan ideolojik eğitim anlayışının eleştirisini sunacağız.Ortak tema ekseninde karşılaştıracağımız bu iki eserin analizinde temel olarak karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bilimi yöntemini kullanacağız. Çalışmada, ayrıca metiniçi (werkimmanent) ve metindışı (werkextern) metin inceleme yöntemlerini dengeli biçimde harmanlayacağımız eklektik bir yöntemden yararlanılacaktır.
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De Vita, Lorena. "Dutch Hospitality." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 137, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.7062.
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In March 1952, representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany (JCC) met in a secret location in the Netherlands to negotiate about reparations (Wiedergutmachung / shilumim). This was the first official meeting between German, Jewish and Israeli representatives in the aftermath of the Holocaust, and it took place in Wassenaar. Based on diplomatic, intelligence and police archival sources, in combination with oral history interviews and news reports, this article examines the Netherlands’ involvement in hosting these negotiations. It illuminates the circumstances leading to the Dutch assent to hosting these talks and demonstrates the crucial importance of the Dutch intelligence and police forces in protecting the safety of the negotiators from terror attacks. In maart 1952 ontmoetten vertegenwoordigers van de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland, Israël en de Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany (JCC) elkaar op een geheime locatie in Nederland om te onderhandelen over herstelbetalingen (Wiedergutmachung / shilumim). Deze eerste officiële bijeenkomst van Duitse, Joodse en Israëlische vertegenwoordigers in de nasleep van de Holocaust vond plaats in Wassenaar. Op basis van zowel bronnen van diplomatieke, politionele en inlichtingendiensten, als mondelinge getuigenissen en nieuwsberichten wordt in dit artikel de Nederlandse betrokkenheid bij de organisatie van deze onderhandelingen onderzocht. Het licht de context toe waarin Nederland toestemde om het gastland voor deze bijeenkomst te worden en het toont aan dat de Nederlandse inlichtingen- en politiediensten van cruciaal belang waren voor het beveiligen van de onderhandelaars tegen terreuraanvallen.
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Schiller, K. F., V. Grams, and J. Bennewitz. "Analysis of growth and feed conversion in purebred and crossbred German Merinolandschaf lambs." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (April 29, 2015): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-177-2015.
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Abstract. In this study, ewes of "Merinolandschaf", a breed widespread in southern Germany, were crossed with rams of five meat breed types (Ile de France, Charollais, German black-headed mutton sheep (Deutsches Schwarzköpfiges Fleischschaf), Suffolk, Texel) and Merinolandschaf rams. The resulting lambs (179 individuals) were fattened intensively from 55.3 days and body weight of 20.4 kg until 121.7 days and a weight of 40.9 kg. While fattening, feed intake was recorded and lambs were weighed weekly. Ile de France × Merinolandschaf and Texel × Merinolandschaf seem to be of greatest economic interest for intensive fattening because they showed the best feed conversion rate and energetic feed conversion rate. Only these crosses were significantly superior compared to purebred Merinolandschaf in feed conversion rate and also in daily body weight gain during the fattening period. Except Charollais × Merinolandschaf, all crosses showed at least a tendency of improvement in all three traits compared to Merinolandschaf, although this is not always significant. This underlines the advantage of one-way cross-breeding for efficiently producing lamb meat. The growth was modelled with a linear model and the Gompertz model. The results showed that both models fit the data well, although the average R2 was slightly higher and the average mean square error was slightly lower for the Gompertz model. In addition, the use of the Gompertz model provided some interesting biological insights concerning the growth of lambs and differences between the crosses, even though the lambs were slaughtered before reaching their mature body weight.
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de Vries, F., H. Hamann, C. Drögemüller, M. Ganter, and O. Distl. "Analysis of associations between the prion protein genotype and reproduction traits in meat sheep breeds." Animal Science 79, no. 3 (December 2004): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800090263.
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AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse the associations between ovine prion protein (PrP) genotypes and reproduction traits in three German meat sheep breeds. Reproduction traits were age at first early lambing, age at first late lambing, first lambing interval, second lambing interval and total number of lambs born. The data set included 595 genotyped German Texel sheep among 5225 recorded sheep, 351 genotyped German Black-Headed Mutton among 10 177 sheep and 282 genotyped Suffolk sheep among 2849 sheep. Linear animal models were employed for the analysis of the PrP-genotype effect. The PrP-genotype effect was analysed by comparing the most frequent PrP genotypes ARR/ARR, ARR/ARQ, and ARQ/ARQ. In a more general analysis three PrP genotype classes of animals with two, one or no copy of the ARR allele were compared.In most cases, no significant associations were found between the PrP genotypes and the reproduction traits investigated. Only for the traits age at first early lambing in German Texel and second lambing interval in German Black-Headed Mutton and Suffolk could a significant association with the PrP genotype be observed.
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Zeyneloğlu, Sinan, and İbrahim Sirkeci. "Türkiye’de Almanlar ve Almancılar." Göç Dergisi 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 77–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v1i1.549.
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Bu makale köklü bir göç alan ülke olarak Almanya ile göç veren ülke Türkiye arasında gelişen göç kültürünün öneminin vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1990 ve 2000 Türkiye Genel Nüfus sayımı mikro verileri esas alınarak Türkiye’de bulunan Almanya doğumlu, Almanya vatandaşı ve Almanya’da yaşamış nüfus grupları tespit edilmiş ve bu gruplar karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada bu nüfus grupları temel demografik göstergeler üzerinden tarif edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çeşitli nüfus sayımı değişkenleri kullanılarak 14 farklı analiz grubundan oluşan bir sınıflandırma önerilmiştir. Bu sınıflandırma Türkiye’nin göçmen alma örüntülerine örnek teşkil edebilecek niteliktedir. Aynı zamanda geri dönen göçmen gruplarının destinasyon tercihleri de dikkate alınmıştır. Türkiye’de bulunan Almanya’lı nüfusun göç kültürünün nasıl iki yönlü göç akınları yarattığına ve köken ülkeye doğru tersine akınlara yol açtığını gösteren önemli bir örnek olduğunu düşünüyoruz.ENGLISH TITLE & ABSTRACTGermans and ‘Almancı’ in TurkeyThis paper notes the importance of developing culture of migration between Germany as the established destination country and Turkey as the country of origin historically. In this study we have used the 1990 and 2000 Census microdata sample. We have classifıed movers who have been somehow linked to Germany, either as citizens, or immigrants or returnees. Thus we have created 14 analytic groups using the variables in the census data. This classification can be an example for overall immigration patterns in Turkey. At the same time, detsination choices of return migrants have been taken into account. We argue that the emerging German immigrant population in Turkey is a case illustrating the ways in which a culture of migration can generate and maintain two way flows and in fact reversal of flows towards the original country of origin.
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ORTAY, Hande. "The Effects of Cultural Differences on Discrimination in Education in Germany." Strategic Public Management Journal 9, no. 16 (August 15, 2023): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25069/spmj.1408272.
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İnsanlar gibi kültürler de farklılık gösterir. Göç, önemli bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletlerin 2020 verilerine göre, uluslararası göçmen nüfusu, 271 milyon kişiye ulaşmış durumda. Bu insanlar, gittikleri ülkelere farklı kültürel özelliklerini de taşıyorlar. Ten renkleri ile kıyafetleriyle, farklı dilleri, sosyal ilişkileri ve dini inançları ile geldikleri toplum tarafından hemen fark edilip, yadırganıyorlar. Bunun en önemli sebebi ise onlara hiç benzememelerinin ve farklı olmaları olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Almanya’da kültürel farkların eğitimde ayrımcılık üzerinde etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada, Türk göçmen çocukları için ayrımcılık oluşturduğu düşünülen eğitimde imkan ve fırsat eşitliği, eğitim hakkı, genellik ve eşitlik gibi temel ilkeler ile Almanya’nın Türk çocukları için uyguladığı eğitim politikaları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Almanya’da kültürel farkların eğitimde ayrımcılık üzerinde etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel araştırma soruları, “Almanya’da kültürel farkların eğitimde ayrımcılık üzerinde etkileri vardır” şeklindedir. Sosyal İnşacılık Kuramı çerçevesinde, betimsel yöntemin kullanıldığı araştırmada, problemle ilgili literatür taranmış, elde edilen veriler araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda, ulaşılan sonuçlardan en önemlileri şunlardır: Türk çocukları, Almanya eğitim sistemi içinde Alman ve diğer yabancıların çocuklarına göre nitelik ve nicelik olarak oldukça geri bir seviyededirler. Bunun en önemli nedenlerinden biri ayrımcılıktır. Bu ayrımcılığın en önemli nedeninin de kültürel farklılıklardan kaynaklı olduğu, bunun bilinçli olarak yapıldığı, Almanya’da uygulanan ve göçmenlerin eğitim durumunu iyileştirici politikalara, Türk çocuklarının diğer yabancı çocuklara kasıtlı olarak göre daha az dahil edildikleri söylenebilir.
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ENGİN, Fırat. "Artspace Germany Sergisi Örneği ve Türkiye'de Çağdaş Sanat Politikaları." Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33537/sobild.2020.11.1.7.
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Her 5 yılda bir dünyanın farklı kentlerinde sergilenen ve bu yıl 10 Ocak – 9 Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında İFA (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) ve Goethe Institut-İstanbul işbirliğiyle İstanbul Milli Reasürans Galerisinde açılan Artspace Germany sergisi, büyük ve usta sanatçılar üzerinden temellenen seçkisinin ötesinde, bu sanatçıların bir araya getirilişinin arkasında yatan güçlü neoliberal politikaları, bireysel özgürlük ve farklılıkları kapsayan çoğulcu demokratik zemini ile Alman Federal Cumhuriyet'inin çağdaş sanat alanındaki çok uluslu kültürel yapıya olan inancını paylaşmaktadır. Türkiye'de de çağdaş sanatın dili ve söylemleri üzerinden demokratik ve çoğulcu bir anlayışa geçmekte yaşanan zorlukları, bu sergi vesilesiyle tartışabilir, kültür politikalarının çağımızda küresel bir aktör olma yolunda ne kadar önemli olduğunu görebiliriz. Bu çerçeveden bakılarak ele alınan makale, Artspace Germany sergisi bağlamında Almanya'nın izlediği kültür – sanat stratejileri ve bunların çağdaş dünyanın temel değerleri ve kazanımları ile olan ilişkisi üzerinden (çok uluslu kültürel yapısını değerlendirerek) Türkiye'de devletin izlediği kültür - sanat politikalarına dönük konuları tartışmayı hedeflemektedir.
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Monballyu, Jos. "Frans Van Cauwelaert als advocaat in strafprocessen tegen Vlaamse activisten. Deel 2." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 75, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v75i4.12039.
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Tijdens een debat in de Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers over amnestie voor incivieken tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog zette Frans Van Cauwelaert op 25 januari 1921 in het lang en het breed uiteen waarom volgens hem de recente strafrechtelijke repressie van het Vlaamse activisme tijdens de oorlog mislukt was. Om die stelling te staven, deed hij een beroep op meerdere gegevens die hij verkregen had van bevriende advocaten en ook op zijn eigen ervaringen als advocaat. Tussen juni 1918 en december 1920 verdedigde hij immers zeventien personen die wegens activisme voor een krijgsraad, het krijgshof of een Hof van Assisen terecht stonden. Sommige van hen waren daarbij aan het Belgische front, anderen in het bezette gebied en nog anderen in de Duitse krijgsgevangenenkampen werkzaam geweest. Van Cauwelaert had in deze processen niet altijd succes en viel daarbij ook niet op door zijn spitsvondige of vernieuwende juridische standpunten. Hij slaagde er met deze processen wel in om zijn kiezerspubliek uit de Antwerpse Kempen tevreden te stellen alsook in de rest van Vlaanderen bekend te geraken als de grote verdediger van diegenen die, ondanks de oproep van de Koning om de taalstrijd tijdens de oorlog te laten rusten, toch waren doorgegaan met het opeisen van meer rechten voor de Vlamingen. Meteen slaagde hij erin om zijn Vlaams blazoen wat op te poetsen dat geleden had onder het feit dat hij in het begin van de oorlog naar het buitenland was gevlucht en hierdoor veel minder onder de oorlog had geleden dan diegenen die aan het front hadden gestreden, in het bezette gebied de Duitse dictatuur hadden ondergaan of in een Duits krijgsgevangenenkamp veel hadden ontbeerd.________Frans Van Cauwelaert as attorney in criminal proceedings against Flemish ActivistsDuring a debate in the Chamber of Representatives concerning amnesty for disloyal persons during the First World War, Frans Van Cauwelaert spoke at length on why, according to him, the recent judicial punishment of Flemish Activism during the war had failed. To back this argument up, he drew on several facts that he gathered from lawyers who were friends of his, and also from his own experiences as an attorney. Between June 1918 and December 1920 he defended seventeen persons who stood before a court martial, an appellate court martial or the Court of Assizes on account of Activism. Some of them had been involved with Activism at the front, some in the occupied territory and yet others in German prisoner-of-war camps. Van Cauwelaert was not always successful in these proceedings, and did not stand out on account of any clever or novel legal positions. He did however manage to please his voting constituency from the Campine area around Antwerp, as well as to become known in the rest of Flanders as the great defender of those who, despite the call from the King to leave the language struggle alone during the war, nevertheless went ahead in demanding more rights for Flemings. At the same time, he was able to shore up his Flemish bona fides, which had previously come up short on account of the fact that he had fled abroad at the beginning of the war and therefore had suffered much less than had those who had fought on the front, experienced the German dictatorship in the occupied territory or undergone deprivation in a German prisoner-of-war camp.
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Maxa, J., N. Borchers, H. Thomsen, H. Simianer, M. Gauly, and A. R. Sharifi. "Auction price of Texel, Suffolk and German white-headed mutton rams: A genetic-statistical study." Small Ruminant Research 85, no. 2-3 (August 2009): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.07.011.
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ERSOY, Yusuf. "Endüstri 4.0'ın Uygulanmasındaki Avantajlar ve Engeller ve Endüstri 4.0'ın Temel Özellikleri." Journal of International Scientific Researches 7, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.1122471.
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Since the publication of the term "Industry 4.0" in 2011, the digital transformation required by Industry 4.0 has immediately attracted the attention of industrialists and governments around the world. Majority of the countries around the world are dealing with the difficulty of producing more goods from limited and consumed natural resources to meet the ever-increasing consumer demand worldwide with the first industrial revolution in the 18th century due to environmental and vital issues. Therefore, the sustainability impacts of Industry 4.0 and the way it contributes to sustainable economic, environmental and social development are getting more and more attention. Nowadays, Industry 4.0 is about digitalization in all industrial and consumer markets, from smart production systems to all distribution channels. Industry 4.0 digital transformation involves the digitization and integration of the entire value chain of the product life cycle. Industry 4.0 is a technological concept that contributes to the sustainability of businesses in today's conditions. Industry 4.0 changes the organization, business models, products, supply chain and strategies of companies. Industry 4.0 enables businesses to be more agile and flexible by integrating people, machines and data. Nowadays, countries such as Germany, the United States of America, India, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and Brazil have been developing policies for the implementation of Industry 4.0. However, the adequacy and implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies can be difficult for both industry representatives and countries. In this research, the advantages and barriers in implementing of Industry 4.0 were expressed. In addition, Industry 4.0 and its main features have been explained.
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Tauscher, Soner. "Almanya’da aşırı sağ hareketler ve medyanın suçlu göçmen söyleminin resmi belgeler ışığında incelenmesi." Göç Dergisi 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v4i2.597.
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Avrupa ülkelerinin alışık olduğu düzenli işçi göçü ve kontrollü sığınmacı alımı Suriye iç savaşının üst düzeye ulaştığı 2013/2014 yılından itibaren önemli bir değişim göstermektedir. Avrupa Birliği, kuruluşundan bu yana en yoğun mülteci göçüyle karşılaşmaktadır. Yaşanan bu kontrolsüz ve zorunlu göçe Avrupa toplumları ve devletleri hazırlıksız yakalanmıştır. Mülteci krizini ekonomik olarak fırsata çevirmek isteyen Almanya ise göçmenler için 2015 yazından itibaren açık kapı politikası uygulamaya başlamıştır. Ancak uygulanan açık kapı politikası Alman toplumunun azımsanmayacak bir kesiminde mültecilere ve Müslümanlara yönelik ağır ve şiddetli bir karşı kampanya ortaya çıkardı. Mülteciler ve Müslümanlar aşırı sağ toplumsal hareketlerin gösterilerinde “tecavüzcü”, “işgalci”, “kriminal dolandırıcılar” vb. sıfatlar ile birlikte anılmakta, medya da bu söylemlerin taşıyıcılığını yaparak kamusallaşmasını sağlamaktadır. Böylece aşırı sağı desteklemeyen, apolitik, ya da sığınmacılara karşı hoşgörülü davranan toplum kesimlerinde kamuoyu oluşturularak sığınmacı ve göçmenlere karşı olumsuz algı gündemde tutulmakta, politik olanın merkezine yerleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle göçmenlere karşı aşırı sağ toplumsal hareketlerin oluşturduğu olumsuz söylemin McCombs ve Shaw’un Gündem Belirleme Kuramı (Agenda Setting Function) bağlamında medya tarafından siyasetin merkezine nasıl oturtulduğu tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca gündemde tutulan mültecilere yönelik olumsuz söylemin gerçeği yansıtıp yansıtmadığı, göçmenlerin ve sığınmacıların biyolojik Almanlardan daha çok suça meyilli olup olmadığı oluşturulan soyut söylemlerden ziyade Almanya İçişleri Bakanlığı’nın yıllık olarak yayınladığı Emniyet Suç İstatistikleri temel alınarak incelenecektir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHFar right movements in Germany and evaluation of media discourse of criminal immigrant in the light of official documentsFlows of regular worker migration and regular asylum seekers, of whom European countries are familiar, have significantly changed since 2013/2014 when the civil war of Syria reached its peak. The European Union face probably the most intensive refugee migration since its establishment. European societies and states have not been prepared for this uncontrolled and compulsory immigration. Germany seem to want to turn the refugee crisis into an economic opportunity as evident in their open door policy since the summer of 2015. However, implementation of open-door policy has led a substantial part of German society to a strong campaign against the refugees and Muslims. Refugees and Muslims are referred to as “rapists”, “invaders”, “criminal fraudsters”, and so on in demonstrations of far right movements and media has helped disseminating these discourses. Hence, this manipulated and hateful discourse tries to gain support from the segment of society wh normally does not support far right and often apolitical, or tolerant towards asylum seekers. In this study, the ways in which the negative discourse of far right social movements against immigrants is brought to the centre of the political agenda by media is analysed using the agenda setting framework by McCombs and Shaw. Then, the claims that immigrants are involved in crime, or they are prone to be criminals are analysed and contrasted with the data obtained from the annual Crime and Safety Reports of the German Ministry of the Interior.
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Dolderer, Winfried. "Een beleid uit één stuk? Continuïteit en discontinuïteit in de Duitse Flamenpolitik." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 73, no. 4 (December 3, 2014): 289–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v73i4.12126.
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De Duitse Flamenpolitik van de Eerste Wereldoorlog was een ambitieuze poging om diepgaande wijzigingen op gang te brengen niet alleen in de structuur van de Belgische staat, maar ook in de geestesgesteldheid van de Vlaamse samenleving. Zij was een hegemoniaal beleid met de bedoeling door inwerking op de Vlaamse beweging de voorwaarden te scheppen om België in een Duitse invloedsfeer in te schakelen. We kunnen nochtans niet vaststellen dat dit beleid van regeringszijde reeds vóór 1914 stelselmatig zou zijn voorbereid. De operatieve fase ging vijf maanden na de Duitse inval in België in januari 1915 van start. Wel konden officiële instanties een beroep doen op dossierkennis die particuliere acteurs al vóór de oorlog of in de beginperiode van de bezetting ter plaatse hadden vergaard.Belangstelling voor Vlaanderen bleef ook na 1918 in Duitsland bestaan. Zij was nu ruimschoots gemotiveerd door de gevreesde bedreiging van het Duitse Westen door een expansionistisch Frankrijk. Vanuit Duits oogpunt was België dankzij de Vlaamse Beweging de zwakste schakel in het Franse systeem van allianties in het tussenoorlogse Europa. De Flamenpolitik, als we ze in die periode zo willen noemen, had nu een anti-hegemoniaal, want tegen het spook van een zegevierend Frankrijk gericht karakter.Van een zonder meer hegemoniaal beleid kunnen we uiteraard weer spreken vanaf 1940. En anders dan de eerste was deze tweede Flamenpolitik reeds vóór de oorlog stelselmatig voorbereid – door een van overheidswege gestimuleerd beleid van inwerking op de westelijke buurlanden sinds 1933.________
A systematic policy? Continuity and discontinuity in the German FlamenpolitikThe German Flamenpolitik during the First World War was an ambitious attempt to bring about profound changes not only in the structure of the Belgian state, but also in the state of mind of Flemish society. It was a hegemonic policy attempting to influence the Flemish movement in such a way as to create the conditions to insert Belgium into the German sphere of influence. However, we are unable to demonstrate that the government had already systematically prepared this policy before 1914. The operational phase kicked-off five months after the German invasion of Belgium in January 1915. However, the official bodies were able to take advantage of the expertise that had already been collected by particular actors before the war or in the early period of the occupation.Even after 1918 Germany continued its interest in Flanders. It was then abundantly motivated by the feared threat to the German West by an expansionist France. According to the German point of view Belgium – due to the Flemish Movement – was the weakest link in the French system of alliances in Europe during the period between the wars. At that time the Flamenpolitik, if we wish to call it thus during that period was anti-hegemonic in nature as it was directed against the spectre of a triumphant France. Obviously, from 1940 we can describe it again as a straightforward hegemonic policy. And in contrast to the first Flamenpolitik this second version had already been systematically prepared before the war by a policy encouraged by the authorities to influence western neighbouring countries from 1933.
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Fésüs, László, Attila Zsolnai, István Anton, and László Sáfár. "Breeding for scrapie resistance in the Hungarian sheep population." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.56.2008.2.4.
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The first results of the Hungarian sheep prion protein (PrP) genotyping programme are discussed in this paper. To obtain initial genotype frequency data 10 commercial (Hungarian Merino, German Mutton Merino, Merino Landschaf, German Blackheaded, Suffolk, Texel, Ile de France, Charollais, Lacaune, British Milksheep) and 4 indigenous (Gyimes Racka, Hortobágy Racka, Tsigaja, Cikta) breeds were sampled in 2003 and 2004, and the PrP genotypes were determined by microsequencing analysis with capillary electrophoresis. In all commercial breeds, a higher number of sheep were genotyped in 2005 (3648) and in 2006 (3834) within the breeding programme to increase scrapie resistance, and the estimated frequency data were compared to the initial figures to evaluate the efficiency of selection. The new developments arising from the identification of the so-called ‘atypical’ scrapie cases are also discussed.
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ŞENGÜL, Belemir, and Gökhan MURAT. "TRANSFORMATION GERMAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM UNDER THE CONSERVATIVE WELLNESS REGIME." EJOVOC Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges 13, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17339/ejovoc.1308599.
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Sosyal düzen vurgusunun ön plana çıktığı, karşılaşılan sosyal sorunlarda aile, dini kuruluşlar ve vakıfların aracı rol üstlendiği muhafazakâr refah rejimi anlayışının, Almanya özelinde dönüşüm gösterdiği görülmektedir. Teorik açıdan bakıldığında bu refah rejimi kapsamında devletin rolleri sınırlı ve az düzeyde müdahalecidir. Devletin temel görevi var olan hiyerarşik düzeni sağlaması ve korumasıdır. Ancak küreselleşme ile başlayan ve günümüze kadar devam eden süreçte gerek toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin değişmesi gerekse demografik değişimler muhafazakâr refah rejimi modelini de dönüşüme zorlamıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışma kapsamında muhafazakâr refah rejimi anlayışının Almanya özelinde yaşadığı değişim ve dönüşümün ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç paralelinde yapılan değerlendirmeler neticesinde devletin toplumsal anlamda yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümlere uyum sağlama amacıyla; sosyal yardım ve hizmetler, kadın istihdamına yönelik işgücü piyasalarına müdahale ve emeklilik üzerinden yapmış olduğu düzenlemeler ile sorumluluğunu artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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Konst, Jan. "De heilige plicht van de gehoorzaamheid - De karaktertekening in de Duitslandromans van Louis Ferron tegen de achtergrond van het concept van de autoritaire persoonlijkheid." Internationale Neerlandistiek 52, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/in2014.2.kons.
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This article discusses five historical novels by Louis Ferron: Gekkenschemer (1974), Het stierenoffer (1975), De keisnijder van Fichtenwald (1976) De gallische ziekte (1979) and Plicht! (1981). They deal with German history, particularly that of the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. This article shows that the characters in these novels can be viewed in the light of Theodor Adorno's theory on the Authoritarian Personality.
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Addo, Sowah, Stefanie Klingel, Georg Thaller, and Dirk Hinrichs. "Genetic diversity and the application of runs of homozygosity-based methods for inbreeding estimation in German White-headed Mutton sheep." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0250608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250608.
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The German White-headed Mutton (GWM) sheep is a monitoring population believed to have been improved through crosses with other breeds, e.g., Texel (TXL) and French Berrichone du Cher (BDC). The primary aim of the study was to analyse genetic diversity and breed composition of GWM sheep. Furthermore, different measures of computing inbreeding from the runs of homozygosity (ROH) were investigated. Data for GWM consisted of pedigree information on 19,000 animals and 40,753 quality filtered SNPs on 46 individuals. Additionally, publicly available genotype data on 209 individuals belonging to nine sheep breeds were included in the analysis. Due to evenness of SNPs spacing and proportionality of the number of SNPs in each autosome to autosome length, a high correlation (rp = 0.99) was found between genomic inbreeding coefficients computed based on the length of ROH (FROH_L) and those computed relative to the number of SNPs in ROH (FROH_N). Total inbreeding was partitioned into values for individual chromosomes revealing the highest levels of inbreeding on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3. Correlations between the ROH-based inbreeding measures and pedigree inbreeding reached 0.82. The observed heterozygosity estimate in GWM was high (0.39), however, the breed suffered low level of effective population size (~50) from a genomic viewpoint. Moreover, effective number of founders (186), and effective number of ancestors (144) implied disequilibrium of founder contribution and a genetic bottleneck in the breed. Multidimensional scaling and network visualisation analyses revealed close connectedness of GWM to BDC and German Texel (GTX). A model-based admixture analysis consistently indicated the flow of genes from other breeds, particularly BDC to GWM. Our analyses highlight the mixed genetic background of GWM sheep and furthermore, suggest a close monitoring of the breed to consolidate its genetic diversity while averting further reduction in the effective population size.
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Usta, Sefa, and Abdulvahap Akıncı. "The Ombudsman Institution as a mechanism of accountability in public administration: The case of GermanyKamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizması olarak Ombudsmanlık Kurumu: Almanya örneği." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3836.
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In the formation of a transparent and accountable public administration system and an understanding of administration, such institutions like the Ombudsman have important functions. The Ombudsman Institution, which undertakes an effective role in the solution of the problems experienced between the state and the citizen, has important responsibilities to institutionalize human rights and democratization, reduce the bad administration practices and most importantly, make the accountability mechanism the built-in in public administration. The Ombudsman Institution, which has been formed with different names in many countries in the world, has been established in Germany with the name of “the Defense Ombudsman,” and it carries out its activities under this framework.The main objective of the study is to examine the Ombudsman Institution as an extension of accountability mechanism in public administration and to asses “the Defense Ombudsman Institution”, which operates in Germany. Under the study prepared for this purpose, it is treated the concept of accountability in public administration with its general terms and examined the Ombudsman Institution, departing from the case of Germany. The study is terminated with an overview and a chapter of conclusion.In the study, it has been benefited from the scientific methods of descriptive analysis and critical review of the literature and set out from the secondary sources written about the subject and the primary sources like constitutional and legal regulations that are the basis of the Ombudsman Institution in Germany. ÖzetŞeffaf ve hesap verebilir bir kamu yönetimi sisteminin ve yönetim anlayışının oluşumunda Ombudsmanlık benzeri kurumlara önemli işlevler düşmektedir. Devlet ve vatandaş arasında yaşanan sorunların çözümü noktasında etkili bir rol üstlenen ombudsmanlık kurumuna, insan haklarının ve demokratikleşmenin kurumsallaşmasında, kötü yönetim uygulamalarının azaltılmasında ve en önemlisi kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizmasının yerleşik hale gelmesinde önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Dünyada birçok ülkede farklı adlarla oluşturulmuş olan Ombudsmanlık Kurumu, Almanya'da Savunma Ombudsmanlığı ismiyle kurulmuş ve faaliyetlerini yürütmektedir.Çalışmanın temel amacı, kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizmasının bir uzantısı olarak Ombudsmanlık kurumunun incelenerek, Almanya'da faaliyet gösteren "Savunma Ombudsmanlığı Kurumu"nun değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan çalışma kapsamında, kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik kavramı genel hatlarıyla ele alınmakta, Ombudsmanlık Kurumu Almanya örneğinden hareketle irdelenmektedir. Çalışma genel bir değerlendirme ve sonuç kısmıyla nihayetlendirilmektedir.Bu kapsamda hazırlanan çalışmada, betimsel analiz yönteminden ve eleştirel literatür taramasından yararlanılmış, konu ile ilgili yazılmış ikinci kaynaklardan ve Almanya'da Ombudsmanlık Kurumu'nun dayanağı olan anayasal ve yasal düzenlemeler gibi birincil kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır.
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ÇILDIR, Merve, and Aylin SEYMEN. "Student Opinions about the Use of Their Native Language in German Grammar Lessons." Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 43, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1246021.
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Araştırmanın temel amacı Almanca dil bilgisi derslerinde ana dili kullanılması üzerine öğrenci görüşlerine başvurmak ve bu doğrultuda Almanca dil bilgisi derslerinde ana dili kullanımının gerekli olup olmaması yönünde bir bakış açısına ulaşmaktır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomolojik desen tercih edilmiş olup, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Alman Dili Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı birinci ve ikinci sınıflardan gönüllü on beş öğrenci ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleşmiştir. İlgili öğrencilere toplamda yedi soru sorulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde NVivo 12 programından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ilgili programa aktarılarak kategoriler ve alt kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Öğrenci görüşlerinden elde edilen verilere göre, Almanca dil bilgisi derslerinde ana dili kullanımının önemli bir etkisi olduğu dikkat çekmiştir. Söz konusu olumlu öğrenci görüşleri kapsamında Almanca dil bilgisi derslerinde ana dili kullanımının öğrenciler tarafından desteklendiği görülmektedir. Bazı öğrenciler Almanca dil bilgisi derslerinde ana dili kullanımının hedef dile maruz kalmayı engellediğini düşünerek ilgili dilde pratik yapamadıklarını dile getirirmiştir. Yabancı dil derslerinde ana dili kullanımının bazı olumsuz özelliklerinin olmasına rağmen dil bilgisi derslerinde ana diline başvurulması dil bilgisi konularının anlaşılırlığını arttırdığı öğrenci görüşleri doğrultusunda tespit edilmiştir. Almanca dil bilgisi derslerinde ana diline başvurulmasıyla birlikte öğrencilerin ana dil ve hedef dil arasında karşılaştırma yapma imkânı buldukları, iki dil arasındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları gördükleri, dil bilgisi konularını ana dillerinde daha iyi anlayabildikleri yapılan araştırma sonucunda dikkat çekmektedir.
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Seberechts, Frank. ""De Antwerpsche haven in het stormgetij." Jan Timmermans en de haven van Antwerpen." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 70, no. 3 (September 21, 2011): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v70i3.12299.
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In deze bijdrage onderzoeken we de ideeën van de VNV-politicus Jan Timmermans betreffende de havenpolitiek voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Voorts bekijken we zijn werk als schepen van de haven en als burgemeester van Antwerpen. Welke houding nam hij aan tegenover de Duitse politiek? Welke rol speelde hij in het behoud van de haven op het einde van de oorlog?Met zijn ideeën over de werking en de toekomst van de haven van Antwerpen, zat Jan Timmermans op één lijn met de ‘derde weg’ die de extreemrechtse bewegingen in binnen- en buitenland op economisch gebied voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog naar voren brachten. Antwerpen zou, samen met de andere havensteden in de Delta van de Lage Landen, later in de door de Duitsers geleide Europese Wirtschaftsraum, een plaats krijgen die beantwoordde aan zijn noden en mogelijkheden.Als schepen van Handel en Scheepvaart en later als burgemeester van de stad Antwerpen nam Timmermans een cruciale plaats in bij de greep naar de macht van het VNV in de lokale besturen. Intussen moest Timmermans er voor zorgen dat het patrimonium van de haven zo ongeschonden mogelijk de oorlog overleefde. Op het einde van de oorlog trachtte Timmermans vanuit zijn functie als burgemeester de haven te beschermen tegen de Duitse vernietigingsplannen.________“The port of Antwerp in stormy weathers”. Jan Timmermans and the port of Antwerp This contribution researches the ideas of the VNV (Flemish National Union) politician Jan Timmermans concerning port policy before and during the Second World War. We also look at his activities as alderman for the port and as mayor of Antwerp. What was his attitude in view of the German politics? What was his role in the conservation of the port at the end of the war? Jan Timmermans’ thoughts about the operation and future of the port of Antwerp were in line with the ‘third way, which propagated the economic policies of the extreme right movements nationally and abroad before and during the Second World War. Antwerp together with other port cities in the Delta of the Low Countries was to receive later in the German-led European Wirtschaftsraum a position commensurate with its needs and potential. As alderman for Trade and Shipping and later on as mayor of the city of Antwerp, Timmermans fulfilled a crucial role in the attempt of the VNV to take over the power in the local councils. Meanwhile Timmermans had to ensure that the heritage of the port survived the war as undamaged as possible. At the end of the war, Timmermans tried by means of his position as mayor to protect the port against the plans of the Germans to destroy it.
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YEŞİLYURT, Türkân. "Nâzım Hikmet and Science Fiction." International Journal of Filologia, no. 10 (December 31, 2023): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51540/ijof.1385679.
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Bilim kurgu temaları arasında kıyamet sonrası toplumlar, uzay yolculuğu, uzayda kolonileşme, yaşamın zor olduğu gezegeni dünyalaştırma, kozmik okyanuslar ve mitolojiler, uzaylılar, uzaylı uygarlıklar, uzaylıların işgali, gelecek öyküleri, zamanda yolculuk, ükroni, ölümsüzler, dünyanın sonu, robotlar, elektronik beyinler ve yapay zekâ, dördüncü boyut, paralel dünyalar, mutasyona uğrayanlar, klonlar, insan-makine melezleri sayılabilir. Nâzım Hikmet’in Son Şiirleri’nde yer alan bazı şiirleri de bilim kurgu temaları açısından tahlil edilmiştir, Şair, bu şiirlerinde Ay’a, Mars’a, yıldızlara yolculuk temasını işler. Bu uzay yolculuklarında “yolcu füzeleri” ve “kozmos gemileri”ni kullanır. Kozmosta insanlardan başka akıllı varlıkların olup olmadığı meselesini konu edinir. Hızla geriye akan zamanla Nicolaus Copernicus’in zamanına yolculuk yapar. Dünyanın sonu Apokaliptik eserlere dayanan eski bir temadır. Şair de felaket sonrası Dünya’nın yok oluşu konusunu işler. Şairin şiirlerinde kullandığı “kozmos yolu”, “füze lombozu”, “Ay”, “Merih”, “Güneş” ve “yıldızlar” gibi sözcükler bilim kurgu edebiyatının temel konusu uzayla ilgilidir. Adları anılan kozmonotlar Yuri Alekseyeviç Gagarin ve German Stepanoviç Titov da uzayı akla getirir.
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Torun, Ayla. "Kitap İncelemesi: Gözde Naiboğlu, Post-Unification Turkish German Cinema; Work, Globalisation and Politics Beyond Representation." Göç Dergisi 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v8i3.803.
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Gözde Naiboğlu, Post-Unification Turkish German Cinema; Work, Globalisation and Politics Beyond Representation [Birleşme Sonrası Türk-Alman Sineması, Temsilin Ötesinde İş, Küreselleşme ve Politika], London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 217 pp. 1990'da iki Almanya devletinin birleşmesiyle başlayan dönem, artık Almanya'da yetişen ikinci kuşaktan Türk-Alman sinemacıların da üretimlerine başladığı yıllarla örtüşmektedir. Avrupa'da göçmenlerin demografik hacminin genişlemesi ve ardından yeni kuşak göçmenlerin film endüstrisi içerisinde etkinliklerinin artmasıyla, 2000'li yıllardan itibaren göçmen sineması alanında çalışmalarda da artmış ve bunların içinde Türk-Alman Sineması önemli bir başlık olmuştur. Naiboğlu'nun Birleşme Sonrası Türk-Alman Sineması'nı incelediği çalışması, göç sinemasının temel konularından olan Avrupa'ya işçi göçü ve sonrasında oluşan atmosfere yeni bir bakış açısı getirmektedir. Kitap, birleşme sonrası Türk-Alman sinemasını etik, duygulanım ve emek odaklı olarak incelemektedir. Odağını uzun süredir devam eden entegrasyon, kimlik ve kültürel çatışma kaygılarından kaydıran Naiboğlu, bu filmlerin artık göçmenler ve vatandaşlar arasındaki çatışmaları vurgulamadığını savunmaktadır. Temelinde işçi göçüne dayanan bu sinemanın gözardı edilen köklerine dönerek, filmlerdeki çalışma yaşamına ve bunun yansımalarına odaklanmıştır. Filmlerde; çalışma, işsizlik, güvencesiz ve yasadışı çalışma, toplumsal yeniden üretim, tükenme ve istikrarsızlık temaları aracılığıyla geç kapitalizm altında yaşanan deneyimin yeni ifadelerinin sunumuna odaklanarak, yerleşik sınıf, topluluk ve kimlik fikirlerinin yeniden düşünülmesi çağrısında bulunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çoğunlukla kimlik ve temsil eksenine dayanan Türk-Alman Sineması yazınına yeni bir yaklaşım önerisi getirerek, temsil sonrası yaklaşım biçimlerini örneklendirmektedir.
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Fejsa, Mikhaylo. "Basic colour terms in the lexical-semantic field of colour in the Rusin language." Rusin, no. 68 (2022): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/68/13.
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The main goal of this research is to present basic colour terms in the lexical-semantic field of colour of the Backa-Srem Rusin (Ruthenian) chromatic terminology, which has not been studied in Slavic studies so far. Rusin equivalents to the basic colour terms distinguished by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay in their work Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution (white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, gray) are bila, cams, cevena , Helena, zovta/zolta , belava, braon, llova , celova , pomarancecova/pomarandzecova and siva; the equivalents zovta and pomarancecova are characteristic for the inhabitants of Ruski Krstur whereas the equivalents zolta and pomarandzecova are characteristic for the inhabitants of Kucura. The research corpus is mainly composed of Serbian-Ruthenian Dictionary and Ruthenian-Serbian Dictionary. The analysis has shown that the basic colour terms often coincide in two genetically related languages such as Rusin and Serbian but there are many important differences. The Rusin lexeme bila has the equivalents bela and plava in Serbian, and the Rusin lexeme belavahas the equivalents plavaand sedain Serbian when naming hair or beard. There are several cases when an adjective that conveys a given colour is necessary in one language but not in the other (e.g. Rusin cibul'a : Serbian crniluk, Rusin zel'ena pasul'a : Serbian boranija). Most of the chromatic terms are of Slavic origin (“ belv > bila, “сыпъ> cama, “siv>siva, “zelenъ >zel'ena, “ztv>zolta/zovta) but loanwords have been increasingly used for nuanced purposes, e.g. azurna, teget, akvamarin, tirkizna in recent decades; some of them remain unchanged, e.g. blond, braon, drap, krem, bez and oker in both languages, and lila and roze only in Serbian. The lexeme colour in both researched Slavic languages is not of Slavic origin; the lexeme boja in the Serbian language originates from Turkish (Turkish boya), and the lexeme farba in Rusin (as well as in Serbian when the term refers to non-linguistic entities) is of German origin (German farbe).
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Vanlandschoot, Romain. ""Onze toestand dwingt ons tot spreken." Brief van Cyriel Verschaeve an kardinaal Mercier — 6 augustus 1917." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 77, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v77i3.15687.
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De brief heeft van 1917 tot 2017 een merkwaardige geschiedenis gekend met betrekking tot de teksteditie. In deze bijdrage wordt de laatste, wetenschappelijke editie in de Open Brieven (Antwerpen, 2017) gevolgd.Een van de belangrijkste documenten uit de voorgeschiedenis van de brief is het essay 1830-1908, een ongepubliceerde tekst die door Lodewijk Dosfel in februari 1918 te Gent werd uitgegeven. Dit essay openbaart de opvattingen van Verschaeve over natie en staat, geheel verschillend van die van Mercier. De kapelaan volgde hier de Zuid-Afrikaanse generaal uit de Boerenoorlog, Christiaan De Wet, en de Luikse hoogleraar Emile de Laveleye. De voorbereidende stappen tot de brief zijn merkbaar in de dagboekaantekening van 25 januari 1915, gewijd aan de beroemde Patriotisme et Endurance (verzet tegen de Duitsers) en in die van 18 september 1916, over de twee politieke objectieven van Verschaeve: de vernederlandsing van de Gentse universiteit en de inrichting van de bestuurlijke scheiding.De eerste week van augustus 1917 voelde kapelaan Verschaeve zich bedreigd. Hij maakte zich zorgen over het uitblijven van het antwoord van koning Albert I op de Open Brief van 11 juli door de leiding van de Frontbeweging aan de vorst gestuurd en bij de soldaten verspreid. Bovendien was aan de top van de regering De Broqueville een wissel doorgevoerd: het Ministerie van Oorlog kwam in handen van Armand De Ceuninck, een hardvochtig generaal. Verschaeve vreesde het ergste voor hem en voor de soldaten.In die omstandigheden nam hij het initiatief om op eigen houtje een (tweede) open brief aan de koning te schrijven en een oud plan uit te voeren: een brief gericht aan paus Benedictus XV en een aan kardinaal-aartsbisschop Désiré Mercier.In het eerste deel van zijn brief sprak de kapelaan zijn grote bewondering uit voor de kardinaal en zijn verzet tegen de Duitse overweldiger. Vervolgens herinnerde hij aan de homilie van 21 juli 1916 in Sint-Goedele te Brussel over de betekenis van de soldaten aan de IJzer: ils sont nos sauveurs. En dat bracht hem vanzelf tot de beklagenswaardige situatie van de Vlaamse piotten, de spanningen in het leger en het repressieve optreden van de overheid. In het tweede deel trok Verschaeve scherp van leer tegen de aartsbisschoppelijke maatregel, met betrekking tot het activisme, de Duitse maatregel voor de vernederlandsing van de Gentse universiteit en het doorvoeren van de bestuurlijke scheiding in België en de autonomie van Vlaanderen. Het zijn uitgesproken politieke statements van de kapelaan over de Vlaamse beweging.Met deze brief heeft Verschaeve Mercier willen counteren maar is daar niet in geslaagd. De brief is in oktober 1917 in Londen afgegeven aan de vertegenwoordiger van de kardinaal, Mgr. Antoon De Wachter. Of hij Mechelen heeft bereikt weten we niet. Wel werd de tekst aan het front verspreid. Verschaeve dacht daarbij een keerpunt te bewerkstellingen in de Frontbeweging en in de Vlaamse beweging in het algemeen.__________
“Our situation compels us to speak.” Cyriel Verschaeve’s Letter to Cardinal Mercier, 6 August 1917
From 1917 to 2017, this letter has had a noteworthy publishing history. This article follows the latest, scholarly edition in Open Brieven (“Open Letters”, Antwerp, 2017).One of the most important documents from the prehistory of this letter is the essay 1830-1908, an unpublished text that was issued by Lodewijk Dosfel in February 1918 in Ghent. This essays reveals Verschaeve’s views on nation and state, quite different from those of Mercier. Here, the chaplain follows the Afrikaner Boer War general, Christiaan De Wet, and the Liège university professor Émile de Laveleye. The preparatory steps toward the letter can be gleaned in his journal entry of 25 January 1915, dedicated to the well-known Patriotisme et Endurance (“Patriotism and Endurance”, an address of Mercier’s relating to resistance to the Germans) as well as in the entry pf 18 September 1916, about Verschaeve’s two political objectives: transforming the University of Ghent into a Dutch-speaking institution and establishing administrative separation.In the first week of August 1917, chaplain Verschaeve felt himself to be under threat. He worried about the lack of a response from King Albert I to the Open Letter of 11 July, which had been sent to the sovereign by the leadership of the Front Movement and spread among the soldiers. In addition, a change had recently taken place in the ranks of the De Broqueville government: the War Ministry came into the hands of Armand De Ceuninck, a stern general. Verschaeve now feared the worst for himself and for his soldiers.In these circumstances, he took the initiative on his own accord to write a (second) Open Letter to the king and to put an old plan into action: a letter to be sent to Pope Benedict XV and Cardinal-Archbishop Désiré Mercier.In the first half of his letter, the chaplain spoke of his great admiration for the cardinal and his resistance to the German usurper. Subsequently, he remembered the homily of 21 July 1916 at the Cathedral of Saint Gudula about the soldiers on the Yser: “they are our saviours”. This brought him right to the pitiable situation of the Flemish infantrymen, the tensions in the army and the repressive conduct of the government. In the second half, Verschaeve very angrily attacked the archbishop’s attitudes on topics such as Activism, the German measures for the transformation of the University of Ghent and the implementation of administrative separation in Belgium and autonomy for Flanders. These were outspoken political statements from the chaplain about the Flemish Movement.Verschaeve had wanted to counter Mercier but did not succeed in doing so. In October 1917, the letter was handed to the representative of the cardinal, Mgr. Antoon De Wachter. It is unknown whether it made it to Mechelen. The text was, however, spread at the front. In doing so, Verschaeve intended to bring about a turning point in the Front Movement and in the Flemish Movement in general.
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Tekin, Özlem, and Harun Göçerler. "An experimental study on the effects of smartboards on vocabulary learning in German preparatory classesAkıllı tahtaların Almanca hazırlık sınıflarında kelime öğrenimine etkileri üzerine deneysel bir çalışma örneği." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3761.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the potential impact of smartboards on vocabulary learning of foreign language learners.For this, an empirical study was carried out at German preparatory classes of the Institute of German Language and Literature at Namık Kemal University. In this context the students were asked about their vocabulary work in foreign language learning by a questionnaire, which included 20 close-ended statements of a 5-point Likert scale. A pretest was held in the Summer Term 2013-2014 with a total of 78 subjects, whereas a posttest was conducted in the Winter Term 2014-2015 with a total of 86 subjects. The evaluation of the questionnaires was carried out with the statistical program SPSS PASW Statistics 18.0 NETWORK and the data was analyzed by the descriptive survey method.The results of the study show that vocabulary learning is affected by three basic factors: the role of testing, the need and importance of newly learned words in everyday use and the learner motivation. As the results of the study show furthermore, the last central factor, the motivation of the learners, can be supported by training different learning strategies, by providing and using material diversity and visuality, and by making the relationship between language and culture more understandable to the students. These fundamental desiderata can come to meet, by using technological tools such as smartboards, by which learners can be motivated and the vocabulary learning and teaching process can be made more effective. In this regard teachers play an important role, as they have to question themselves, the tools and materials used and the needs of learners in the process of vocabulary teaching, thus to optimize the teaching and learning process as a whole. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, akıllı tahta kullanımının yabancı dil öğrenenlerin kelime bilgilerinin gelişimine olan muhtemel etkilerini incelemektir.Bu amaçla Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü hazırlık sınıflarını kapsayan deneysel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin yabancı dil öğreniminde yaptıkları kelime çalışmalarına yönelik görüşleri, 20 kapalı ifadeden oluşan 5'li Likert tipi ölçekten meydana gelen bir anket formu kullanılarak alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Anket süreci içerisinde 2013-2014 Öğretim Yılı Bahar Dönemi’nde 78 öğrenciye öntest, 2014-2015 Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi’nde ise 86 öğrenciye sontest uygulanmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen veriler SPSS PASW STATISTICS 18.0 NETWORK istatistik programı kullanılarak betimleyici analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir.Araştırmanın sonuçları göz önüne alındığında kelime öğreniminde sınavların rolü, öğrenilen yeni kelimelerin günlük kullanım için gerekliliği ve önemi, ve ayrıca öğrencilerin güdülenmesi gibi üç temel maddenin öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin güdülenmesine destekleyici nitelikte sayılabilecek kelime öğrenmede strateji bilgisi, materyal çeşitliliği ve görsellik, dil ile kültür arasındaki bağın kavranması gibi unsurların da anket sonuçlarına göre kelime öğreniminde önemli bir yere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu temel ihtiyaçları giderebilmek için akıllı tahtalar gibi teknolojik araçlar kullanılarak öğrencilerin güdülenmesi sağlanabilir ve bu sayede kelime öğrenimi ve öğretimi daha verimli hale getirilebilir. Bu bağlamda kendilerini, kullanılan araç gereçleri ve öğrencilerinin ihtiyaçlarını sorgulayan öğretmenlerin kelime öğrenim ve öğretim sürecinde etkin bir rolü olduğu da vurgulanmalıdır, zira ancak bu şekilde öğrenim ve öğretim süreci bir bütün olarak daha verimli ve etkili hale getirilebilir.
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Babik, N. P., Ye I. Fedorovych, and V. V. Fedorovych. "DURATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LIFETIME USE OF DAIRY COWS DEPENDENDING ON THEIR FATHER'S COUNTRY ORIGIN." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.03.
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Productive longevity is a very important feature, which is determined by a combination of genotype factors in specific environments. It is known that in recent decades to improve of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle, the Holstein breeders of different breeds are used. Such measures, although allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows significantly, however, led to reduction in the duration of their productive use. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of dairy cows, depending on the country of origin of their father. The research was conducted on animals of Holstein (n = 2902), Ukrainian Black-and-White (n = 14876) and Ukrainian Red-and-White (n = 2176) breeding in various regions of Ukraine. It was established that the controllable number of Holstein cows came from 116 bulls from five different countries. Cows originated from the bulls of Hungarian selection had the longest life and lactation. Cows that came from Canadian bulls had the best life-long yields and life-long number of milk fat. Cows from French bulls were characterized by the worst indicators of productive longevity. Among the descendants of the German bulls, the daughters of the following bulls: Lord 661287, Trend 2761400782690, Bg. Rodeo 27642626161 and Ingo 27677179331, American selection – daughters of B. Astronomer 2160438 and Bob Hubby 2109267, Canadian – daughters of Rock 373840409 and H. R. Artist 6284191, Hungarian – daughters of V.Vilmos 3101733688 and E.Samba 3035115974 and French – daughters of Brico 5794006324 had the best indicators of the duration and efficiency of lifelong use. The studied population of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed came from 167 bulls from eight countries. The largest number of daughters was obtained from domestic bulls (34.6%) and German (29.5%) selection. However, cows of Russian selection had the highest rates of longevity, productive use, lactation, the number of lactations per life, life expectancy and lifetime of milk fat. Daughter Valentina 373840175, Matadora 373840109, Piclenda 373880102 and Tigris 373880127 were lactured more than 4 lactations and had lifelong yield of over 25,000 kg, among the descendants of Russian bulls. Of the descendants of the domestic selection the daughters of the Abrykos 5806 lactated in an average of 6.2 lactation, and their lifetime yields were 38,401 kg. By the number of lactations per life and life-long yields of the daughters of the German bulls, the leader was Presbyter 27621490100, the American – Bob Hubby 2109267 and T. D. Fiasco 1709950, the Canadian – B. Goldgate 6387868 and B. Regensy 394223, the Netherlands – G. Tristan 3021652032 and Baneliai 243931215, Hungarian – E. Samba 3035115974 and P. Selvichar 3023006464. The controlled population of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed came from 69 bulls from five countries. More than 50% of cows of this breed are derived from bulls of German selection. However, the longest duration of productive use and the greatest lifelong yields had daughters of bulls from Canada and Ukrainian selection. Among the descendants of the domestic bulls, according to the indicators of lifetime productivity, the daughters of Khlor 2052 differ markedly. They lacted in average 7.7 lactations, and lifetime longevity was 41,000 kg. Among the descendants of Canadian bulls, the best of their productive use and their lifelong yields had daughters of V. Texel 393522, V.N.Dan 5510544 and Inhibitor 402151, German – Roman 660886883 and Tumpi 112367468, and American – Addikshn 17143107. The influence of the father's country origin on the longevity, productive use, lactation and the number of lactations per life, depending on the breed and the indicator, was within the range of 1.4–17.1, on the indicators of lifetime productivity – within 1.5–9.7%, and the influence of the father on these indicators was, respectively, 9.9–19.9 and 11.4–29.3%.
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Decuypere, E., O. M. Onagbesan, H. Michels, G. Beerlandt, R. Peeters, J. L. Bister, and R. Paquay. "Gene-specific pituitary gland responsiveness of ovariectomized FecB or FecC carrier and non-carrier ewe crosses with German Mutton Merino, Texel and Suffolk breeds to LHRH before and after oestradiol or progesterone treatments." Small Ruminant Research 51, no. 1 (January 2004): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(03)00121-4.
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Wils, Lode. "Leo Vindevogel. De politicus en de mythe van zijn proces." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 73, no. 1 (March 18, 2014): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v73i1.12176.
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Leo Vindevogel, een lokaal katholiek politicus met uiterst rechtse sympathieën, toonde zich onder de bezetting een ijverig propagandist van de Duitse zaak. Hij werd in januari 1941 benoemd tot burgemeester van Ronse, een stad die sinds 1943 betrokken werd in de beginnende burgeroorlog tussen nazi’s en communisten vooral. Bij de bevrijding in september 1944 meldde hij zich bij de rijkswacht en hij werd nog tijdens de oorlog berecht door de krijgsraad en het krijgshof. Wegens flagrant landverraad, maar ook wegens de betwistbare beschuldiging van verklikking werd hij ter dood veroordeeld en gefusilleerd. De familie en geestverwanten voerden sindsdien campagne tegen die ‘gerechtelijke moord’, op basis van onware voorstellingen die zijn advocaat had verspreid om genade te bekomen.________Leo Vindevogel. The politician and the myth of his trialLeo Vindevogel, a local Catholic politician with far-right sympathies turned out to be a very active propagandist of the German case during the occupation. In January 1941 he was appointed mayor of Ronse, a city that from 1943 on was involved in particular in the beginning civil war between the nazi’s and the communists. At the time of the liberation in September 1944, he gave himself up to the state police. He was tried by court-martial and by the military high court during wartime. He was condemned to death and executed by a firing squad because of blatant treason as well as the undeniable accusation of denunciation. Since then, his family and political sympathizers have been campaigning against this ‘judicial murder’ based on untrue representations, which his lawyer had disseminated in order to prevent a pardon.
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Schad, Friedemann, Jan Axtner, Antje Happe, Matthias Kroez, Burkhard Matthes, Christian Grah, Guenther Spahn, and Harald Matthes. "Palliative care in patients with advanced lung cancer in a network of health service research in integrative oncology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e20710-e20710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e20710.
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e20710 Background: Early palliative care was demonstrated to result in a superior survival and improvement of health related quality of live (HRQL) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Concepts of integrative oncology (IO) offer multimodal therapy strategies aiming to enhance patients’ salutogenic resources in addition to standard care. In the present study we analyzed patients with advanced lung cancer from a clinical registry in Germany. Methods: Data were collected by the Network Oncology, a clinical registry of hospitals and outpatients care specialized in Anthroposophic Medicine and integrative oncology. We analyzed 441 C34 patients of UICC stage IV that had at least one of the following additional therapies: Viscum album, embrocation, therapeutic unction’s, rhythmical massages, lymph drainage, physiotherapy, eurythmy therapy, music or drawing therapy, modeling, speech-, breathing and hyperthermia therapy. We calculated Kaplan-Meier survival based on right censored data and using Greenwoods 95% confidence intervals. Results: 43% of the patients were female and median age was 64 yr (min 32/ max 92). 84% received chemotherapy, 55% radiation and 40% surgery. Most frequent additional therapies were Viscum album (72%), embrocation (43%), therapeutic unction (42%), eurythmy therapy and physiotherapy (both 27%). Patients used combinations up to 9 different additional therapies (median ♀=3, median ♂=2) with significant difference between genders (Fisher’s exact test, < p=0.001). Median length of VA therapy was 6.4 months. Median OS was 1.05yr (95% CI: 0.83 - 1.32), 2 and 3 year survival was 31% and 20%, respectively. Conclusions: Integrative therapy concepts are of growing interest in cancer care. In this observational study patients received conventional and complementary interventions. A relevant number of lung cancer patient use IO when offered in palliative oncology. Median OS seems to be comparable to the palliative care group of Temel et al. 2010 (median OS=0.97yr, 95% CI: 0.53 – 1.41). Health service research in multimodal IO settings needs further evaluation in terms of HRQL measurement and effectiveness.
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Fejsa, Mihajlo P. "Hromatska terminologija u rusinskom i srpskom jeziku." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 64, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2019.64205.
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In this paper, the author compares chromatic terms in Ruthenian and Serbian. He focuses on the basic colour terms according to Berlin and Kay: white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, and grey. They have equivalents in both languages: Ruthenian bila – Serbian bela, čarna – crna, červena – crvena, željena – zelena, žovta / žolta – žuta, belava – plava, braon – braon, lilova – ljubičasta, celova – roze, pomarančecova /poma- randžecova – narandžasta, šiva – siva. The criterion of one-morpheme word is not appli- cable to the terms lilova, celova, and pomarančecova /pomarandžecova in Ruthenian, and ljubičasta and narandžasta in Serbian. It is applicable to the terms bila, čarna, červena, željena, žovta / žolta, belava, braon, and šiva. With the exception of braon, all these terms are derived from the Proto-Slavic language (*bеlъ, *čьrnъ, *čьrvenъ, *zelenъ, *žltъ, *polvь, and *sivъ). As far as the Berlin–Kay’s universal of seven phases of colour formation is con- cerned, our study of chromatic terminology confirms it. In accordance with the supposed first stage of development, the Ruthenian language has bila and čarna; according to the second stage, Ruthenian has červena; in accordance with the third stage, Ruthenian has že- ljena or žovta / žolta; according to the fourth stage, Ruthenian has žovta / žolta or željena; in accordance with the fifth stage, Ruthenian has belava; according to the sixth stage, it has braon; and in accordance with the seventh stage (even if we leave aside the multi-mor- pheme terms lilova, celova, and pomarančecova /pomarandžecova), it has šiva. Generally speaking, the usage of the terms is identical in both investigated languages but there are several differences (e.g. cibulja – beli luk, željena pasulja – boranija). The most frequent suffixes are -asta and -ista in Ruthenian, and -asta in Serbian.Most of the chromatic terms are of Slavic origin but there are several borrowings used for nuance purposes in recent decades, e.g. azurna, teget, akvamarin, tirkizna, and others. Some borrowings remain unchanged, e.g. in both languages blond, braon, drap, krem, bež, and oker, and only in Serbian lila and roze. Hungarian was the official language until the first decades of the 20th century (until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918), during which Ruthenian–Hungarian bilingualism reigned. That is the reason why several Hungarian colour names are found, e.g. in surnames (the Ruthenian surname Barna comes from Hungarian barna ‘brown’, Fekete/Feketa is from fekete ‘black’, and Vereš is from vörös ‘red’) and in the names of domestic animals (the Ruthenian horse name pejka [Serbian riđan] comes from Hungarian pej ‘brown’ and šarga [Serbian žutalj] is from sár- ga ‘yellow’). The general name for ‘colour’ comes from the German language (Ruthenian farba is from German Farbe).
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Verdoodt, Frans-Jos. "Roma locuta, causa finita?" WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 77, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v77i3.15688.
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De Heilige Stoel, d.w.z. het hoogste bestuurslichaam van de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk, toonde tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in ruime mate begrip voor de verzuchtingen van de Vlaamse beweging. In de ogen van ‘Rome’ waren die verzuchtingen terecht: op grond van hun miskenning in het verleden, verdienden de Vlamingen, na de afloop van de oorlog, een tegemoetkomende houding vanwege de burgerlijke en kerkelijke overheid. Dat de katholieke aartsbisschop Désiré Mercier (1851-1926) die tegemoetkoming radicaal bleef afwijzen, stuitte in Rome nauwelijks op begrip. En dat de kardinaal-aartsbisschop zich daarenboven steeds meer profileerde als het symbool van het verzet tegen de Duitse bezetter versterkte het ongenoegen bij sommige leden van de Romeinse Curie.De Heilige Stoel mocht dan wel oordelen dat de Vlaamse Kwestie na de oorlog moest worden beslecht, zolang die oorlog woedde, wenste men een pragmatisch standpunt in te nemen: de bezetting was beslist een kwaad, maar daarom diende men nog niet op te roepen tot een burgeroorlog.__________
Roma locuta, causa finita?
The Holy See, that is to say, the highest administrative body of the Roman Catholic Church, demonstrated a broad understanding for the aspirations of the Flemish Movement during the First World War. In the eyes of ‘Rome’ these aspirations were just: on account of the poor treatment that they had received in the past, the Flemings deserved an accommodating attitude from the civil and ecclesiastical authorities after the end of the war. The fact that Catholic archbishop Désiré Mercier (1851-1926) remained radically opposed to this accommodation was met with bewilderment in Rome. What’s more, the fact that the Cardinal-Archbishop also began to present himself more and more as the symbol of resistance to the German occupier strengthened the displeasure among some members of the Roman Curia.The Holy See could certainly proclaim that the Flemish Question needed to be settled after the war; so long as the war raged they wanted to take a pragmatic point of view: the occupation was certainly wicked, but still, one did not have to call for a civil war on its account.
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Vandeweyer, Luc. "De n.v. Vlaamsche Deposito- en Leenbank. Het Leenbank. Het financiële luik van de zuilvorming in dienst van het Vlaams-nationalisme." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 69, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v69i3.12395.
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Het financiële luik van de zuilvorming in dienst van het Vlaams-nationalisme
Vanaf 1930 was er in het arrondissement Aalst een spaar- en leenbank actief die uitdrukkelijk positie koos binnen de Vlaams-nationalistische sfeer. Die ideologische profilering was zo sterk dat de bank in 1937 bereid was de partij, het Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond (VNV), financiële middelen te bezorgen. Deze bank was een uitvloeisel van het organisatienetwerk dat in het arrondissement Aalst was opgericht vanaf het einde van de 19de eeuw en dat zich afzette tegen de katholieke partij. Deze politieke stroming stond bekend als de ‘daensisten’. Onder invloed van de collaboratie met de Duitse bezetter tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog gingen de daensisten grotendeels over naar het Vlaams-nationalisme. Deze kringen vonden het noodzakelijk een eigen Vlaams bankwezen te ontwikkelen. Dat was onder meer nodig om de eigen sociale organisaties en bedrijven financieel te ondersteunen. Omwille van de versnippering en onder invloed van de grote depressie van de jaren dertig kreeg dit Vlaams-nationalistische bankwezen nooit een grote omvang.
________De n.v. Vlaamsche Deposito- en Leenbank. The Financial segment of compartmentalisation in the service of Flemish NationalismFrom 1930 a savings and loan bank operated in the district of Alost, which specifically selected a position within the Flemish Nationalist atmosphere. That ideological profile was so strong that the bank was prepared to provide financial means to the party of the VNV (Vlaams Nationaal Verbond) in 1937. This bank was founded as a consequence of the organisational network that had been set up in the district of Alost from the end of the 19th century, and that set itself apart from the Catholic Party. This political movement was known as the ‘Daensists’. Under the influence of their collaboration with the German Occupiers during the First World War the ‘Daensists’ mostly transferred to the Flemish Nationalists. These groups considered that it was essential to develop their own Flemish Banking system. This was required among other things to provide financial support to their own social organisations and enterprises. Because of the fragmentation and under the influence of the Great Depression of the nineteen-thirties this Flemish Nationalist Banking system never achieved a major expansion.
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Vandeweyer, Luc. "Verschaeve schrijft paus Benedictus XV in naam van de Frontbeweging. De getuigenis in de schrijfboeken van Leo Dumoulin." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 67, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 236–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v67i3.12493.
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De Vlaamse priester Leo Dumoulin (1890-1942) begon in de vroege zomer van 1927 met het noteren van waarnemingen, bevindingen en neerslagen van gesprekken die hij voerde. Hij hield deze kroniek vol tot in het midden van de jaren dertig. Zijn notities worden afgewisseld met ingeplakte brieven van zijn correspondenten en met knipsels, vaak van artikels die hij zelf had geschreven in Vlaams-nationalistische bladen. De twee schriftjes kwamen terecht in de benedictijnenabdij van Steenbrugge en uiteindelijk in het ADVN waar ze toegankelijk werden gemaakt voor onderzoekers.Om de inhoudelijke rijkdom te illustreren, werd gekozen voor de reproductie van een fragment dat handelt over de brief die de Vlaamse frontbeweging tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog stuurde aan paus Benedictus XV met de bedoeling de invloed van kardinaal Mercier te fnuiken. Mercier werkte in het bezette land de Duitse bezetter tegen en de Romeinse curie had liever gezien dat hij zich op dit 'politieke' vlak wat op de achtergrond hield. Met de uitvoerige getuigenis van de opsteller van de brief, priester Cyriel Verschaeve, wordt de motivatie verduidelijkt en de ontvangst in Rome voorzien van nog onbekende details.________Verschaeve writes to Pope Benedict XV on behalf of the Front Momevent. The testimony in the notebooks of Leo DumoulinIn the early summer of 1927 the Flemish priest Leo Dumoulin (1890-1942) started to note down observations, conclusions and reports of discussions he had held. He carried on with this chronicle until the mid nineteen-thirties. His notes are alternated with pasted in letters from his correspondents and newspaper cuttings, often of articles that he had written himself in Flemish nationalist newspapers. The two notebooks ended up in the Benedictine abbey of Steenbrugge and finally came to the ADVN where researchers were given access.In order to illustrate the intrinsic richness of the text it was decided to reproduce a fragment dealing with the letter sent by the Flemish Front Movement to Pope Benedict XV during the First World War with the intention of destroying the influence of Cardinal Mercier. In the occupied country Mercier opposed the German occupier and the Roman Curia would have preferred that he kept a low profile in this ‘political area’. Thanks to the extensive testimony of the author of the letter, the priest Cyriel Verschaeve, the motivation is elucidated and the reception in Rome is provided with details which up until now had been unknown.
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Delval, Eugénie. "The Kunduz airstrike before the European Court of Human Rights: a glimmer of hope to expand the Convention to UN military operations, or a tailored jurisdictional link?" Military Law and the Law of War Review 59, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 244–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2021.02.04.
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On 16 February 2021, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights ruled, in Hanan v. Germany, that Germany exercised its extraterritorial jurisdiction for the purpose of its procedural obligation under Article 2 of the European Convention on human rights to investigate the airstrike it carried out in Afghanistan within the framework of a United Nations Security Council resolution. To establish an extraterritorial jurisdictional link, the Court relied on the ‘special features’ threshold that it has recently introduced in its jurisprudence, along with the threshold of the ‘institution of a criminal investigation’. This potentially extends the standards of protection under the ECHR to situations where Contracting States are carrying out massive military operations in armed conflict, such as airstrikes, even within the framework of a UN mandate. Nonetheless, the Court remains cautious not to formulate general theories of jurisdiction and retains a very strict (and casuistic) control over the new jurisdictional thresholds. Le 16 février 2021, la Grande Chambre de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a conclu, dans l’affaire Hanan c. Allemagne, que l’Allemagne a exercé sa juridiction extraterritoriale en invoquant son obligation procédurale, découlant de l’article 2 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme, d’enquêter sur la frappe aérienne menée en Afghanistan dans le cadre d’une résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. Pour établir un lien juridictionnel extraterritorial, la Cour s’est appuyée sur la notion de « circonstances propres » qu’elle a récemment introduite dans sa jurisprudence, ainsi que celle d’« institution d’une procédure pénale ». Cela étend potentiellement les normes de protection en vertu de la CEDH à des situations où les États signataires mènent des opérations militaires de grande envergure dans un conflit armé, telles que des frappes aériennes, même dans le cadre d’un mandat des Nations Unies. Néanmoins, la Cour ne se risque pas à formuler des théories de juridiction générales et maintient un contrôle très strict (et au cas par cas) sur les nouveaux seuils juridictionnels. Op 16 februari 2021 oordeelde de Grote Kamer van het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens in de zaak Hanan tegen Duitsland dat Duitsland zijn extraterritoriale rechtsmacht uitoefende in toepassing van zijn procedurele verplichting krachtens artikel 2 van het Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens om een onderzoek in te stellen naar de luchtaanval die het uitvoerde in Afghanistan in het kader van een resolutie van de Veiligheidsraad van de Verenigde Naties. Om een extraterritoriale rechtsbevoegdheidsband vast te stellen, baseerde het Hof zich op de drempel van de ‘specifieke omstandigheden’ die het onlangs in zijn rechtspraak heeft ingevoerd, net zoals de drempel van de ‘instelling van een strafrechtelijk onderzoek’. Hierdoor kunnen de beschermingsnormen krachtens het EVRM mogelijk worden uitgebreid tot situaties waarin verdragsluitende staten grootschalige militaire operaties uitvoeren in een gewapend conflict, zoals luchtaanvallen, zelfs in het kader van een VN-mandaat. Niettemin blijft het Hof voorzichtig met het formuleren van algemene theorieën over rechtsbevoegdheid en behoudt het een zeer strikte (en casuïstische) controle over de nieuwe drempels inzake rechtsbevoegdheid. Il 16 Febbraio 2021 la Grande Camera della Corte europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo ha stabilito che, nella causa Hanan v. Germany, la Germania ha esercitato, ai fini del suo obbligo procedurale ai sensi dell’articolo 2 della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo, la sua giurisdizione extraterritoriale per indagare sul bombardamento aereo che, nel quadro di una risoluzione del Consiglio di sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite, ha effettuato in Afghanistan. Per stabilire un legame giurisdizionale extraterritoriale, la Corte si è basata sui principi delle “caratteristiche speciali” che ha recentemente introdotto nella sua giurisprudenza, insieme a quelli della “istituzione di un’indagine penale”. Questo estende potenzialmente gli standard di protezione della CEDU a situazioni in cui gli Stati contraenti stanno conducendo operazioni militari di massa in un conflitto armato, come gli attacchi aerei, anche entro il quadro di un mandato delle Nazioni Unite. Tuttavia, la Corte rimane cauta nel non formulare teorie generali di giurisdizione e mantiene un controllo molto rigoroso (e sul caso) sulle nuove soglie giurisdizionali. El 16 de febrero de 2021, la Gran Sala del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos dictaminó, en Hanan vs. Alemania, que Alemania ejerció su jurisdicción extraterritorial, a efectos de cumplir la obligación procesal en virtud del artículo 2 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, al investigar el ataque aéreo que se llevó a cabo en Afganistán en el marco de la ejecución de una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. Para establecer un vínculo jurisdiccional extraterritorial, el Tribunal se basa en el umbral de las “características especiales” que ha introducido recientemente en su jurisprudencia, junto con el umbral de la “instrucción de una investigación penal”. Esto amplía potencialmente los estándares de protección bajo el CEDH a situaciones donde los Estados Contratantes llevan a cabo operaciones militares masivas en conflictos armados, tales como ataques aéreos, incluso dentro del marco de un mandato de la ONU. No obstante, el Tribunal se mantiene cauteloso para no formular teorías generales sobre jurisdicción y mantiene un control muy estricto (y casuístico) sobre los nuevos umbrales jurisdiccionales. Am 16. Februar 2021 hat die Große Kammer des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte in der Sache Hanan vs. Deutschland entschieden, dass Deutschland seine extraterritoriale Gerichtsbarkeit zum Zwecke seiner Verfahrenspflicht nach Artikel 2 der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention ausgeübt hat, um den von ihm im Rahmen einer Resolution des UN-Sicherheitsrates durchgeführten Luftangriff zu untersuchen. Zur Feststellung eines extraterritorialen Gerichtsbarkeitsbands basierte sich der Gerichtshof auf die Schwelle der ‘besonderen Merkmale’, die er vor Kurzem in seiner Rechtsprechung eingeführt hat, ebenso wie die Schwelle der ‘Einleitung eines Ermittlungsverfahrens’. Dies weitet die Standards des Schutzes gemäß der EMRK potenziell auf Situationen aus, in denen Vertragsstaaten in einem bewaffneten Konflikt groß angelegte Militäreinsätze, wie Luftangriffe, selbst im Rahmen eines UN-Mandats, durchführen. Trotzdem ist der Gerichtshof weiterhin behutsam, indem er vermeidet, allgemeine Theorien über die Gerichtsbarkeit zu formulieren, und erhält er eine sehr strikte (und kasuistische) Kontrolle über die neuen Gerichtsbarkeitsschwellen aufrecht.
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Verwaest, Rik. "De ‘greep naar de macht’ van de oorlogsburgemeesters als voorhoede van de Nieuwe Orde in Vlaanderen." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 67, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 300–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v67i4.12503.
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De voorbije jaren groeide in het Vlaamse historische onderzoek naar de bezettingsgeschiedenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog een sterke tendens om het belang van de figuur van de oorlogsburgemeester te herwaarderen. De klassieke VNV-oorlogsburgemeester was voor de bevolking immers één van de meest zichtbare en actieve elementen van de Nieuwe Orde en het bezettingsbestuur.Lier werd bestuurd door een katholieke meerderheid. De stad kende een bijzonder rijk cultureel leven en een lange Vlaams-nationalistische traditie. Na de Duitse bezetting zou zittend burgemeester Van Cauwenbergh verplicht worden af te treden ten voordele van provinciaal ambtenaar Alfred Van der Hallen, een VNV'er met een lange staat van dienst in zowel de culturele als de politieke activiteiten van de Lierse Vlaams-nationale zuil. Ook twee katholieke schepenen werden tot ontslag gedwongen, één op basis van de Duitse ouderdomsverordening en één na beschuldigingen van vakbondagitatie tegen de Nieuwe Orde. Zij werden vervangen door Nieuwe Ordegezinden.Door het verwerven van de meerderheid in het schepencollege kon ook de politiecommissaris en verschillende sleutelposities in het gemeentelijk ambtenarenapparaat ingevuld worden door Nieuwe Orde-aanhangers.Alfred Van der Hallen zou o.a. de stadsdiensten, de gemeentepolitie en het cultuurbeleid ingrijpend hervormen. De laatste twee van deze hervormingen kenden weinig succes: het Lierse politiekorps raakte intern sterk verdeeld door de aanstelling van enkele Nieuwe Ordegezinden en een deel ervan zou betrokken raken bij het gewapende verzet. De ambitieuze Cultuurdienst, waarbij ttonaangevende kunstenaars als Felix Timmermans bij betrokken werden, bloedde dood door persoonlijke animositeit en te verregaande politisering.Van der Hallen had als oorlogsburgemeester de verdienste een noodzakelijke modernisering en uitbreiding van de gemeentewerking te hebben doorgevoerd, maar op veel andere terreinen was zijn beleid een mislukking. Tegenwerking door de vooroorlogse ambtenarij en de SS-afdeling van Lier met haar radicale voorman Alfons Lanens, was één van de verklaringen. Het was echter vooral de ongebreidelde politisering van het ganse bestuursapparaat en de zeer expliciete politieke profilering van de oorlogsburgemeester als Nieuwe Ordegezinde die zorgde voor een te grote verdeeldheid om tot een performant beleid te komen.________The 'seizure of power' by the wartime burgomasters as the advance guard of the Nieuwe Orde (New Order) in FlandersOver the past years Flemish historical research into the history of the occupation during the Second World War developed a strong tendency to re-evaluate the importance of the person of the wartime burgomaster. The population considered the classical VNV (Flemish National Union) wartime burgomaster to be one of the most visible and active elements of the Nieuwe Orde and of the administration by the occupying forces.Lier was ruled by a Catholic majority. The city had a particularly rich cultural life and a long Flemish-Nationalist tradition. After the German occupation burgomaster in office Van Cauwenbergh was forced to resign to the benefit of the provincial civil servant Alfred Van der Hallen, a VNV member with a long record of service to cultural as well as political activities of the Flemish National Group in Lier. Two Catholic aldermen were also forced to resign, one on the basis of the German old-age regulation and one after allegations of trade union agitation against the Nieuwe Orde. They were replaced by Nieuwe Orde partisans.By acquiring a majority on the Bench of Aldermen the partisans of the Nieuwe Orde could also appoint the Chief of police and fill several key positions on the Bench of Aldermen.Alfred Van der Hallen was to carry out major reforms in the urban services, the municipal police and the cultural policy. The last two proved to be unsuccessful: the police force of Lier became much divided because of the appointment of a few Nieuwe Orde partisans and a part of the force was to become involved in armed resistance. The ambitious Cultural Service, involving leading artists such as Felix Timmermans fizzled out because of personal animosity and far-reaching politicisation. As wartime burgomaster Van der Hallen could take credit for a necessary modernisation and expansion of the operation of the municipality, but in many other areas his policy was a failure. One of the explanations for this fact was the opposition by the pre-war civil service and the SS-department of Lier with its radical leader Alfons Lanens. However, it was in particular the uncontrolled politicisation of the entire administrative machinery and the very explicit political characterisation of the wartime burgomaster as a Nieuwe Orde partisan that caused too much dissension to be able to achieve a successful policy.
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Eşitti, Şakir. "The relationship between media - politics and politainment in the experience society: The case of ‘The Daily Show’Yaşantı toplumunda politainment ve medya -siyaset ilişkisi: The Daily Show örneği." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 2 (November 18, 2015): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3439.
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<p>Nowadays the relationship between media and politics has reached a new dimension especially with the developments in the dynamics of the societies. Usage of entertainment elements by politicians in order to take place in the media and usage of entertaining political contents in the media have increased the importance of the entertainment in political communication. This has led to the discussions on the concept of “<em>politainment</em>”, a portmanteau word composed of politics and entertainment which is seen a new form of political communication. The German political scientist Andreas Dörner coined this concept to the social sciences that can be translated in Turkish entertaining politics. The main aim and objectives of this study are examining the concept of <em>politainment</em>, addressing the change in the relationship between media and politics as well as in the understanding of news reporting in the case of United States’ (US) one of the most popular TV program “The Daily Show”. According to the findings of the study, usage of the elements of entertainment by politicians, make them more visible in the media, creates more awareness for the messages they want to convey, and make their messages more memorable and appealing. Also the media uses various political elements to differentiate its content and make it more appealing to their audience. This has led to a symbiotic relationship between media, politics and entertainment, which is based on a mutually beneficial understanding. The Daily Show is one of the most concrete and important examples of <em>politainment</em> concept. The program approaches to the national and international problems critically but in an entertaining way and makes these problems more popular and therefore more debatable. Besides this, politicians are aware of the effects and popularity of this program and therefore they often participate in the program and convey their ideas and political aims to the audiences, in this way they try to gain the sympathy and support.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Günümüzde medya ve siyaset arasındaki ilişki toplum dinamiklerinde meydana gelen yeni gelişmelerle beraber farklı bir boyuta ulaşmıştır. Giderek artan bir şekilde politikacıların eğlence unsurlarını kullanarak medyada yer alması ve medyanın da izleyicisine politik içerikleri eğlenceli bir şekilde sunması, siyasal iletişimde eğlencenin önemini arttırmıştır. Bu durum siyasal iletişimde yeni bir unsur olarak görülen, politika (politics) ve eğlence (entertainment) kelimelerinin birleşmesiyle oluşturulmuş, <em>politainment</em> kavramının tartışılmasına neden olmuştur. Türkçe’ye eğlenceli siyaset olarak çevrilebilecek olan <em>politainment</em> kavramı, Alman siyaset bilimci Andreas Dörner tarafından sosyal bilimlere kazandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Dörner’ın ortaya attığı <em>politainment </em>kavramını irdelemek, medya - siyaset ilişkisindeki ve habercilik anlayışındaki bu değişimi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) popüler TV programlarından biri olan ‘The Daily Show’ isimli program örneğinde ele almaktır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilere göre siyasetçiler tarafından eğlencenin bir araç olarak kullanılması, politikacıları medyada daha görünür hale getirmekte, iletmek istedikleri mesajlar hakkında farkındalık yaratmakta, bu mesajları daha akılda kalıcı ve çekici kılabilmektedir. Medya ise, izleyicisine sunduğu içeriklerin diğerlerinden farklılaşmasını ve daha cazip hale gelmesini sağlamak için politik içerikleri kullanmaktadır. Bu durum medya, siyaset ve eğlence arasında karşılıklı fayda anlayışına dayalı ‘simbiyotik’ bir ilişkiyi doğurmuştur. <em>Politainment</em>ın medyadaki en önemli örneklerinden birini The Daily Show programı oluşturmaktadır. Program, ulusal ve uluslararası sorunlara eleştirel ancak eğlenceli bir şekilde yaklaşmakta, bu sorunların popülerleşerek daha fazla tartışılabilmesine imkân vermektedir. Siyasetçiler de The Daily Show’un popülerliğinden haberdar bir şekilde bu programa sıklıkla katılmakta, düşüncelerini ve siyasal hedeflerini izler kitleye aktarmakta, bu yolla sempati ve destek kazanmaktadır.</p>
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Schimmelpfennig, Sebastian, Georgiy Kirillin, Christof Engelhardt, Uwe Dünnbier, and Gunnar Nützmann. "Fate of pharmaceutical micro-pollutants in Lake Tegel (Berlin, Germany): the impact of lake-specific mechanisms." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 10 (May 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5676-4.
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ORTAY, Hande. "The Effects of Cultural Differences on Discrimination in Education in Germany." Strategic Public Management Journal, August 15, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25069/spmj.1224246.
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İnsanlar gibi kültürler de farklılık gösterir. Göç, önemli bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletlerin 2020 verilerine göre, uluslararası göçmen nüfusu, 271 milyon kişiye ulaşmış durumda. Bu insanlar, gittikleri ülkelere farklı kültürel özelliklerini de taşıyorlar. Ten renkleri ile kıyafetleriyle, farklı dilleri, sosyal ilişkileri ve dini inançları ile geldikleri toplum tarafından hemen fark edilip, yadırganıyorlar. Bunun en önemli sebebi ise onlara hiç benzememelerinin ve farklı olmaları olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Almanya’da kültürel farkların eğitimde ayrımcılık üzerinde etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada, Türk göçmen çocukları için ayrımcılık oluşturduğu düşünülen eğitimde imkan ve fırsat eşitliği, eğitim hakkı, genellik ve eşitlik gibi temel ilkeler ile Almanya’nın Türk çocukları için uyguladığı eğitim politikaları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Almanya’da kültürel farkların eğitimde ayrımcılık üzerinde etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel hipotezi, “Almanya’da kültürel farkların eğitimde ayrımcılık üzerinde etkileri vardır” şeklindedir. Sosyal İnşacılık Kuramı çerçevesinde, betimsel yöntemin kullanıldığı araştırmada, problemle ilgili literatür taranmış, elde edilen veriler araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda, ulaşılan sonuçlardan en önemlileri şunlardır: Türk çocukları, Almanya eğitim sistemi içinde Alman ve diğer yabancıların çocuklarına göre nitelik ve nicelik olarak oldukça geri bir seviyededirler. Bunun en önemli nedenlerinden biri ayrımcılıktır. Bu ayrımcılığın en önemli nedeninin de kültürel farklılıklardan kaynaklı olduğu, bunun bilinçli olarak yapıldığı, Almanya’da uygulanan ve göçmenlerin eğitim durumunu iyileştirici politikalara, Türk çocuklarının diğer yabancı çocuklara kasıtlı olarak göre daha az dahil edildikleri söylenebilir.
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DOĞAN, Beyhan, and Yasemin ÖZKAN. "Experiences of Turkish Foster Families in Germany with Youth Agencies." Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, August 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1314481.
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Bu araştırma 1960’lı yıllarda iş gücü anlaşmaları ile Almanya’ya göç eden işçilerden koruyucu aile olan Türkiyelilerin Gençlik Daireleri ile olan iletişimlerini ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Alman çocuk koruma sistemindeki koruyucu aile modelinin tarihçesini ve yasal dayanaklarını Türkçe literatüre kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Berlin ve Kuzey Ren-Westfalya eyaletlerinde 16 koruyucu aile araştırma kapsamına alınmış olup derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi ile nitel veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın önemi göçmen kökenli ailelerin Gençlik Daireleri ile ilgili “korku ve güvensizlik” algılarının temel nedenini ortaya çıkarmaya dayanmaktadır. Ailelerin deneyimlerine göre Türkiyeli ailelerin Gençlik Daireleri ile ilgili olumsuz ön yargıları bu kurum hakkındaki duyumlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Türkiyeli koruyucu ailelerin çoğunun Gençlik Daireleri ile ilgili görüşlerinin daha çok olumlu olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Görüşmecilerden elde edilen veriler, Gençlik Dairelerinin göçmen kökenli çocukları koruma altına alırken genellikle çocuğun yüksek yararını baz aldığı ancak bununla beraber kurumlarda çalı-şan bazı görevlilerin negatif münferit tavırlarının kurumun tamamı-na atfedilemeyeceğini de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Gençlik Dairelerinin medyaya yansıyan ve göçmen aileleri ilgilendiren durumlarda daha şeffaf davranması, göçmen ailelere daha tatmin edici bir ifade ile açıklamalarda bulunması gerektiği görülmektedir.
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KARAMEŞE, Şeyma. "Alman Gündelik Hayatında Kültür ve Mekan Müzakereleri: Tübingendeki Türk Öğrenciler Örneği." İçtimaiyat, October 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1163088.
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Bu çalışma esas olarak Türk kökenli gençlerin bir Alman kenti olan Tübingen’deki mekân üretim süreçlerini incelemektedir. Bu makalenin temel farkı, Almanya bağlamında göçmen gençlerin kimlik üretim süreçleri tartışmasına bir kavram olarak mekânı ekleyerek mekân ve kimlik arasındaki diyalektik ilişkiye odaklanmaktır. Alman okullarında sosyalleşme sürecinin başlangıcında bu gençler ev sahibi ülke içinde kimliklerini müzakere ederek yeni mekanlar üreten ve var olan yerleri dönüştüren aktif faillerdir. Bu çalışmada 20 lise öğrencisi ile derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sadece kendi kimliklerini üretmekle kalmadıkları, aynı zamanda yeni varoluşsal mekanlar yarattıkları ve var olan mekanları yeniden yorumladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Okul içinde ve dışında kafeler, restoranlar, futbol sahaları, camiler/dernekler, Türkçe dersleri, yemekhaneler ve kutlama salonları “mekânsal müzakere” dediğim kavram çerçevesinde incelenecektir. Öğrenciler Türk kimlikleri ile Alman kimlikleri arasındaki mevcut gerilimi çözmeye çalışırlar ve bu gerilimi yeni kültürel biçimler üreterek çözebilirler. Başka bir deyişle, bu mekanlar kendi kimliklerini korumalarına katkıda bulunurken aynı zamanda diğer formlarla iç içe yeni kültürel değerler yaratırlar.
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Aslay, Meral, Vasfi Karatepe, Serdar Tuncer, Erdal Kaya, and Mehmet Nuri Çavuşoğlu. "Variety Breeding Studies on Hesperis isatidea (Boİss.) D.A. German & Al-Shehbaz." Horticultural Studies, May 20, 2024, 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.16882/hortis.1487034.
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Hesperis isatidea (Boiss.) D.A.German & Al-Shehbaz, a member of the Brassicaceae family, represents a distinctive natural species characterized by its fragrant, conspicuous inflorescences, unique flower coloration, and distinct feather-like foliage. The Turkish name of the species is known as “Allı Gelin”. This species is native, exhibiting resilience to drought conditions and requiring minimal care. Cultivation studies on this species were carried out at Erzincan Horticulture Research Institute (Turkey) with project number 106G022 within the scope of TÜBİTAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council). The research aimed to determine optimal production techniques through generative and vegetative propagation methods. The project, initiated in 2013 and concluded in 2022, focused on developing a cultivar of the Allı Gelin plant using texel selection breeding techniques. Thirteen populations of Allı Gelin from institute's gene pool were utilized. Employing the Texel Selection method, four distinct lines were identified: compact, tightly spread compact, pyramid1and pyramid-2 shaped. Subsequent baby plant tests revealed stability in the tightly spread compact and pyramid-1 lines, leading to their selection for further breeding. Although breeding efforts continued on the compact line, the pyramid-2 line was discontinued due to an inability to attain the desired stability. The successfully tested variants, namely the pyramid-1 and tightly spread compact forms, have been earmarked as candidates for outdoor ornamental plant varieties. Registration procedures for these candidates are underway. These new varieties promise to enrich diversity within the ornamental plants sector, potentially enhancing competitiveness in foreign markets.
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EKİZ, Necmettin Salih. "Perception of Islam in 19th Century German-Jewish Orientalism." Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (SAUIFD), June 15, 2022, 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1079446.
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Bu çalışmada 19. Yüzyıl Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin İslâm algısı konu edilmektedir. Giriş ve sonuç hariç dört başlıktan oluşan çalışmada ilk olarak Alman oryantalizmi hakkında genel hatlarıyla bilgi verilmiş, emperyalizm ve sömürge faaliyetleriyle ilişkisi sorgulanmış ve İngiliz ve Fransız gibi diğer oryantalist geleneklerle bağlantısına dikkat çekilmiştir. İkinci başlıkta Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin 19. yüzyılda içinde bulundukları dinî ve sosyo-kültürel konumları incelenmiş ve İslâm araştırmalarına katılmalarının arkasında yatan etkenler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Onların, siyasi etkenlerin yanı sıra daha ziyade birtakım dinî ve sosyo-kültürel etkenlerle İslâm araştırmalarına katıldıkları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Son iki başlıkta ise onların İslâm algısı mercek altına alınmış, İslâm, Hz. Muhammed ve Kur’an hakkındaki düşünceleri sunulmuştur. Burada temel olarak, asırlardır süregelen ana akım Hıristiyan-Batı oryantalizmi geleneği içerisinde konumları ve bu gelenekten onları ayıran hususiyetler inceleme konusu yapılmıştır.
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Neunzerling, Felix. "Interview with Ron Holloway." Kinema: A Journal for Film and Audiovisual Media, April 10, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/kinema.vi.1168.
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INTERVIEW WITH RON HOLLOWAY ON OCCASION OF HIS BERLINALE CAMERA AWARD 2007 ZOOM: Your career as a film journalist is directly connected to international festivals. How long have you been associated with the Berlinale? My first visit to the Berlinale was in 1965.At the time I will spending a summer at the Cinémathèque Française, "pirating" rare film prints from New York distributors to Henri Langlois for his archive. Langlois gave me a courtesy pass to all Cinémathèque screening. One day, Lotte Eisner at the Cinémathèque suggested that I visit the Berlinale and see what the young German filmmakers were up to. So I took an Air France flight to Tegel, at that time a barn instead of a terminal, and spent a week at the Zoo Palast as an accredited journalist for Film Society Review in New York. When did you visit the Berlinale together...
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SÖZEN, Hilmi. "Legal Regulations For The Disabled In Countrıes Of The European Union (EU): Sample Of France, Spain And Germany." Uluslararası Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, June 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57114/jswrpub.1296900.
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Engellilik kavramı, kişilerin doğuştan veya sonradan herhangi bir nedenle fiziksel, zihinsel, ruhsal, duyusal ve sosyal yeteneklerinin/yapılarının kesintiye uğraması veya tam olmaması nedeniyle sosyal hayata uyum sağlamada ve günlük ihtiyaçlarını/gereksinimlerini karşılamada sorun yaşamaları olarak ifade edilir. Bu kişilerin karşı karşıya olduğu sorunlar arasında başta ayrımcılık ve insan haklarına erişim olmak üzere eğitim, istihdam, sağlık ve ulaşım gibi konular yer almaktadır. Bu sorunların çözümü için, ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde engellilerin haklarını koruyan/güvence altına alan ve yaşam standartlarını yükselten çeşitli yasal düzenlemeler bulunmaktadır. Bu düzenlemeler, engelli kişilerin insan haklarına ve temel özgürlüklere tam ve eşit erişimini sağlamak ve engelliliğe dayalı ayrımcılığı önlemek için devletler tarafından alınan tedbirlerdir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve üye devletler (Fransa, İspanya ve Almanya örneği) bağlamında engelli bireylerin korunması ve entegrasyonunun yasal çerçevede nasıl sağlandığı konusunda derinlemesine bir bakış açısı sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle engellilik kavramı ele alınmıştır. Ardından, AB'nin engellilere yönelik yasal çerçevesi incelenmiştir. Son olarak, üç üye ülkenin engelli bireylerin korunması ve entegrasyonu konusundaki yasal düzenlemeleri değerlendirilmiştir.
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CANOĞLU, Hatice Deniz. "REFLECTIONS OF MIGRATION IN THE TRIANGLE OF SOCIETY, CULTURE AND LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF GERMANY." Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, October 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18354/esam.1374165.
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Dil, tarih boyunca çeşitli nedenlerle değişime uğramakta ve göç gibi sınırlara direkt olarak etki eden kültürel değişkenlerin etkisiyle sürekli olarak yenilenmektedir. Göç ile birlikte ortaya çıkan çokdilli bağlam, toplum, kültür ve dil üçgeninde gerçekleşen değişim süreçleri için önemli bir zemin oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Almanya’da yaşayan Türk göçmen kuşakları örneğinde göç ortamında ortaya çıkan dilsel ve sosyokültürel etkileşimleri analiz eden toplumdilbilimsel bir araştırmadır. Bu çok yönü hedefi teorik olarak temellendirmek için çalışma kapsamında göç olgusunun toplum, kültür ve dil üçgenindeki yansımalarını inceleyen farklı alanlara ait multidisipliner bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Türk göçmen kuşakların gündelik konuşmalarında öne çıkan dilsel çeşitliliğin temel dinamiklerini niteliksel ve niceliksel olarak araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın veri temeli, Berlin’de yürütülen bir saha araştırması sırasında toplanan ve Almanya'nın farklı bölgelerinden örneklemlerle çeşitlendirilen farklı kuşaklara ait Türk göçmenlerin günlük yaşamlarındaki konuşmalarından oluşan bir derleme dayanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle dört kuşak Türk göçmenin dil materyalinde Almanca ve Türkçe arasındaki temas noktaları incelenmiş ve Türk göçmenlerin varyasyon mekanizmaları detaylı olarak analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Almanca ve Türkçe’nin farklı kuşaklar tarafından günlük kullanımı ve bu kuşaklara ait derlem verilerindeki istatiksel dağılımı çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında yalnızca Almanya'da kentsel ve çok dilli bağlamlarda yaşayan Türk göçmen kuşaklarının dil kullanımı değil, aynı zamanda kuşaklara özgü iletişim davranışları da incelenerek, göç ortamında ortaya çıkan etkileşim noktaları toplum, kültür, dil üçgeninde yorumlanmaya ve Almanya’ya işçi göçünün göç ve çoğunluk toplumu üzerindeki dilsel ve sosyokültürel etkilerinin ortaya koyulması çalışılacaktır.