Journal articles on the topic 'Germany Strategic aspects'
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1
Trunov, Philipp. "THE DIALOGUE OF THE FRG WITH LATIN AMERICA’ STATES: POLITICAL-MILITARY ASPECTS." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 3 (2022): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.03.06.
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The article analyses the state of German bilateral relations with South America’ states in defense and security field. The decline in the dialogue between Germany and Latin America’ countries during the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be more significant than in other regional areas . The key reason is the difficulties in strengthening German strategic positions on the continent in the second half of the 2010. The paper stresses the functional and geographical narrowness of German political and diplomatic opportunities. In the military sphere the cooperation was mainly reduced to the export of weapons produced in Germany. In its attempts to create strategic positions in South America official Berlin has traditionally focused on strengthening relations with Brazil. The factor of non-diversification of Germany’s regional contacts has been fully manifested in the situation of stagnation and degradation of German-Brazilian relations in the second half of the 2010-s. The reasons of it are not only the specificities of president J. Bolsonaro`s foreign policy, but also the fact that transition to the declared new levels of cooperation (strategic partnership since 2008, the launch of interstate consultations format in 2015) was not supported by a corresponding increase of the volumes of practical cooperation in the field of security and defense. In this context the author focuses on relaunching German-Brazilian bilateral relations as well as the FRG attempts to make dialogue with Argentine, Chile and Mexico more active. At the same time Berlin tries to increase efforts for ensuring peace in Columbia and for settlement of the situation around Venezuela. Failures in creating its own vaccine against COVID-19 did not allow Germany to use a potential «window of opportunity» in strengthening its strategic positions in Latin America.
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Wittlinger, Ruth. "A ‘model of reconciliation’? Fifty years of German–Israeli relations." Cooperation and Conflict 53, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 507–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836717750200.
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This article argues that German–Israeli reconciliation after 1945 has not been as exemplary as is often suggested. Drawing on key aspects which emerge from a discussion of relevant concepts in the first part of the article – transitional justice and reconciliation – it will show that Germany’s memory culture, as evidenced in the elite discourse, has indeed developed in a way that points to a successful reconciliation between the two countries. On the other hand, however, German regret emerged only reluctantly, was by and large confined to West Germany, and took a long time to establish itself formally, with emphasis on German suffering rather than suffering caused by Germans always playing an important role in German collective memory after 1945. It will also show that at grass-roots level, reconciliation between Germany and Israel is far from unproblematic. Apart from providing a critical assessment of the reconciliation between Germany and Israel after 1945, the article contributes to current academic literature on transitional justice, reconciliation and the role of memory which suggests that even though commemoration and micro-level reconciliation might be important, the geopolitical context in which reconciliation takes place and strategic security considerations also play a significant role.
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Trunov, Philipp O. "German-Algerian Relations by the Early 2020s in the Context of the Germany’s Regional Policy: Political and Military Aspects." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-683-699.
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Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a noticeable increase in German efforts to ensure security in the Mediterranean Sea. This is part of the growing activities to ensure a strong strategic position in North and West Africa, including the settlement of existing armed conflicts here as sources of threats to instability for Germany and its EU partners. Consequently, Germany found itself increasingly interested in finding reliable strategic partners, one of which is Algeria, which makes the topic of this article relevant. The purpose of the study is to examine bilateral security and defense relations with a special focus on the second half of the 2010s and early 2020s with the help of comparative and event-analysis. Having an applied character, this topic has not yet found detailed coverage in the works of both domestic and foreign, especially German, researchers. The historic background of the German-Algerian dialogue is presented. The growth of high-level contacts in the second half of the 2010s is shown, with Germany having to focus on negotiations with the frequently changing figure of the Algerian prime minister. The article also explores the constraints for the cooperation of German and Algerian armed forces on land and sea, as well as the dynamics of military-technical cooperation. The bilateral cooperation in the resolution of the armed conflict in Mali, first of all, in its northern region (Gao, Kidal and Timbuktu) is considered. The political and diplomatic cooperation on the Libyan track in the middle and second half of the 2010s, as well as shortly after the Berlin Conference on Libya in January 2020, is revealed. In the early 2020s, there was a sharp decline in the intensity and volume of bilateral cooperation in almost all areas. In addition to COVID-19, the importance of domestic political factors and the temporary decline in the practical value of the partnership in Libya and Mali for Germany are stressed. A forecast of the dynamics of bilateral relations is finally given.
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Petrosyan, J. V. "Foreign Policy Aspects in Attitudes of Germany Parliamentary Parties during Period of A. Merkel’s Chancellorship (2005—2021)." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 8 (October 30, 2022): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-8-403-419.
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The main directions in the foreign policy agendas of the leading parties in Germany during the period of A. Merkel’s chancellorship are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the strategic program settings of the German parliamentary parties, which will allow a better understanding of what the country’s future foreign policy may be. It is emphasized that the party system of Germany is quite stable: only three parties have joined the parliamentary parties of the first convocation — the CDU / CSU, the FDP and the SDPG — at the present stage: the “Union 90 / Greens”, “Left” and since 2017 — “Alternative for Germany”. Particular attention is paid to the study of the election and fundamental programs of the parliamentary parties of Germany, as they reflect the party’s “worldview”, views on the place and role of the country in the world, the ultimate or most important goals to which the party should move, as well as the means and methods for achieving the set goals. Based on the analysis of these documents, it is concluded that there is a certain consensus among parliamentary parties on key issues related to the country’s foreign policy. Demands for a revision of the chosen course are heard only from right and left populists, who do not have a significant impact on German foreign policy.
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Ibragimov, Farkhad Elshan Ogli. "Development of Iranian-German Relations in 2010-2020 (Problems and Prospects)." Вопросы безопасности, no. 4 (April 2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.4.39069.
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The subject of the study is Iranian-German relations in 2010-2020. The object of the research is the development of relations between Iran and Germany. The author of the work examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the history of the development of relations between Iran and Germany, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which directly affects Iran's relations with the world community, in particular with the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the role of Germany as a strategic partner of Iran. Germany has traditionally been seen as Iran's closest partner in Europe, although its policy towards Iran during the so-called nuclear crisis of the 2000s largely followed the example of Washington due to Germany joining the latter's power diplomacy. The main conclusions of the study are: The future of German-Iranian relations will depend on a number of international, regional and domestic factors, the development of which is difficult to predict with any certainty; besides Germany, the positions of Great Britain and France in relation to Iran matter to a lesser extent; Iran's geopolitical attractiveness, along with Iran's willingness to welcome Germany as an active player in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, as well as pressure from the country's economic groups to develop trade relations with Iran, encourage Germany to take the lead in European foreign policy towards Iran ; With the start of nuclear talks in 2013, Berlin played a positive role in the negotiations that culminated in the nuclear deal in July 2015. Since then, close cooperation has been established both in industry and in the field of education; The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the results of the study can be applied in the strategic planning of international relations with Iran.
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Chalmers, Anna. "Strategie Management in Eleven National Libraries: A Report on a Research Study." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 9, no. 2 (August 1997): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909700900202.
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In 1996 the national libraries of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the USA took part in a study of their experiences with strategic management. A literature review had identified 15 key aspects of strategic management. Respondents were asked their views of the importance of each aspect, and how satisfied they were with the library's achievement of it. In every case the importance attached to the aspect was greater than the library's satisfaction with achievement. Each library was also asked to nominate from a checklist the reason or reasons why it had produced its first strategic document. The centrality of the digital information environment to the core functions of national libraries has been highlighted by the study.
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Trunov, Philipp. "The features of Germany’s dialogue with Poland and Romania by the beginning of the 2020 s: political and military aspects." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2022): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.14.
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The article attempts to reveal the features of current political and military dialogue between Germany and the countries of East-Central Europe (ECE) such as Poland and Romania. Without the active support of at least one of these countries, maintaining and strengthening the strategic presence of Germany in this region, which is so important for it, is problematic. Since 2014, the dialogue in the sphere of security and defence in Europe has been placed in the context of the confrontation between the Euro-Atlantic community and the Russian Federation. This process had a significant impact on the change in Germany’s position in ECE, creating both new difficulties and a «window of opportunity» for strengthening German influence. The principle of a graduated approach to building up confrontation with the Russian Federation, advocated by the FRG, came into sharp conflict with the position of the Republic of Poland due to significant differences in the models of foreign policy behavior of the two states in the implementation of their sovereign ambitions. Germany promotes the rotational principle of NATO’s multinational military presence near the border of the Alliance’s zone of responsibility, while Poland promotes a permanent one. Germany was not ready to agree to Poland’s participation in the Normandy format. At the same time, Warsaw has created obstacles for Berlin’s contacts with the Visegrad Group. In this situation, the FRG was interested in acquiring new partners in East-Central Europe, primarily in the development of a dialogue with Romania. In the second half of the 2010 s political contacts between the FRG and Romania noticeably intensified, but without institutionalization. Nevertheless, the institutionalization of contacts was observed along the lines of cooperation of the national armed forces (in the form of agreements on the association of military units). The author draws a conclusion about the evolution of German-Polish and German-Romanian relations in the field of security and defense in the second half of the 2010-s.
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Chepelevskyy, Yuriy L. "Features of city image formation in the context of European integration." Regional Economy, no. 1(99) (March 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-1-2.
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The article identifies the main aspects of strategic planning of the city image. In Ukraine as a democratic country, where the people are the main source of power, strategic planning, in particular in urban planning should be carried out for the people and together with the people. The stages of strategic planning are identified. They represent the relevant tasks, which should be accomplished on the basis of local public, business, and industrial organizations, thus obtaining comprehensive information about their problems and needs. The mechanisms used in the foreign practice of strategic planning are analyzed (on the example of Barcelona (Spain) and Hamburg (Germany). Community participation in strategic planning of Barcelona (Spain) and Hamburg (Germany) demonstrates its important role in Barcelona’s acquisition of the City of the Future Award (2015) and Hamburg’s high 23rd place in the 2010 World Quality of Life Ranking. The paper establishes that the cooperation of cities and society is the ground for the successful strategy; the community is a full participant in strategic planning. The main thing in the development strategy is to reach a consensus between the government-business-residents on a common vision of such development. In Germany, the planning law provides for community participation in all planning processes, and the entire population of the city can participate in the process of resolving issues using the Internet platform. Ensuring community participation in the form of partnership at all stages - both in the development process and in the implementation and monitoring of results will help optimize the process of regulating urban planning in our country.
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Meier, Oliver. "Debating the withdrawal of US nuclear weapons from Europe: What Germany expects from Russia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 14, no. 1 (2021): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.105.
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The recent debate in Germany about nuclear sharing confirmed the broad support among decision-makers for continued involvement in the political dimension of NATO’s sharing arrangements, i. e., participation in the Alliance’s nuclear consultative bodies. At the same time, German decision-makers hold divergent views on continued participation in the operational and technical aspects of nuclear sharing. Russia’s arsenal of approximately 2,000 tactical nuclear weapons is of great concern to Germany and many in Berlin are worried that Russia is systematically expanding its nuclear arsenal. German decision-makers and the government support NATO’s dual-track policy of deterring and engaging Russia. German policy-makers’ arguments on the added military value of forward-deployed US nuclear weapons remain vague and there are few specific ideas about what type of arms control would be best suited to reduce the role and number of tactical nuclear weapons in Europe. There are four frameworks in which tactical nuclear weapons could be discussed with Russia, namely the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), other multilateral fora, the Russian — US bilateral dialogue on strategic stability, and the NATO — Russia Council. If Russia is serious about reducing the role and number of nuclear weapons in Europe, it should accept the reciprocity paradigm and drop some worn-out demands and positions that have little relevance for political debates around arms control in Berlin and elsewhere.
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Севастьянова, А., and A. Sevastyanova. "STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF DIVERSIFICATION AND MODERNIZATION IN THE ECONOMY OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY SETTLEMENTS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, no. 2 (March 25, 2018): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-2-139-145.
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<p>The current research features approaches to solving the problems associated with a decline in the development of old industrial sectors in single-industry towns (monocities, or monocommunities). The target of the study is to show the necessity of strategic approach and interaction of all management levels. Particular attention is paid to resource-dependent communities. Enterprises of mineral resources sector have limits of effective development, associated with gradual depletion of their resource base. Diversification and modernization of the economy of resource-dependent communities are logically linked to a timely achieving of strategic objectives to ensure their long-term sustainable development. Strategic aspects are also important for development planning in the sphere of new raw material deposits. A comprehensive analysis should help avoid the risks of creating new monocommunities with a poor prospect of long-term development. The article includes an analysis of international experience of Germany, Canada, and China. It is shown that a progress in solving the problems of company towns heavily depends on a strategic partnership between the federal, the regional, and the municipal governments, as well as on their collaboration with business. A conclusion is made that a uniform strategy for the development of various single-industry towns does not exist. The choice of the way of the development for each particular monotown is determined<br />by its socio-economic characteristics. Among those, remoteness or proximity to large urban agglomerations, industry affiliation and prospects for the development of the cityforming<br />enterprise, opportunities for economic diversification, investment potential and opportunities for attracting investors are of paramount importance. The process of positive changes, as a rule, is slow and complicated. Thence, it is important to justify the purpose and ways to achieve it. As a rule, extrapolation methods do not work in this case</p>
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Arzamanova, Tatiana. "SOME ASPECTS OF GERMAN STRATEGIC PLANNING IN INDO-PACIFIC REGION FACING THE RETURN OF GREAT POWER RIVALRY." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 4 (2022): 258–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.04.11.
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At least in the medium term, the matrix of international relations will be determined not only by the emerging global «geopolitical rift», such as tensions between the United States and China, but also by the return of competition between the great powers. At the same time, the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR) inevitably becomes the main arena for the global confrontation between the United States and China for the opportunity to influence the reformatting of the world order. For the ITR, the growing tension in the South China Sea, the issue of non-proliferation of nuclear and other types of WMD are becoming increasingly important, while the competition of interests of the most important players (USA - China, China - India) in this region generates new security risks and challenges. As a major export trading power, Germany is not going to be limited to the role of an additional player in the region, the economic and geopolitical importance of which is steadily growing, especially given that conflicts in the ITR can threaten the most important trade and transport arteries linking Europe with Asia and Africa. Berlin’s goal is to expand Germany’s presence in the Indo-Pacific, relying on intra-regional cooperation, because the consolidation of the «bipolar structures» of the United States and China in the region is one of the main risks for other major players, as the confrontation between Washington and Beijing could take the form of a proxy war, destroying global supply chains. The strategic planning of the FRG in the ITR, in contrast to the similar strategy of the United States, does not have a pronounced anti-Chinese orientation, although it is aimed, in fact, at «containment» of China. Moreover, a more balanced policy of Germany and its European allies (primarily France) in the region, based on the search for a balance of interests, could contribute to a softer structuring of zones of influence in the ITR with an emphasis on a multilateral approach.
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Kamolov, Sergei, Anastasia Varos, Aleksandr Kriebitz, and Mikhail Alashkevich. "DOMINANTS OF NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RUSSIA, GERMANY, AND THE USA." Public Administration Issues, no. 2 (2022): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2022-0-2-85-105.
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The study based on multivariate comparative analysis identifies the dominants of national strategies for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) of the global superpowers. The article examines both structural similarities of strategic documents and fundamental differences in goal setting and functional expectations of sovereign AI technologies. Projecting fundamental ideas of technical and economic paradigms onto national strategies for the development of AI allows the authors to put forward a hypothesis concerning the formation of a common European, Russian and American proto-models of the AI development state policy. The dialectical nature of AI technologies demands consideration of the ethical aspects of the AI technologies application in Germany, Russia and the United States. As a result of the study, the foundations of various fundamental approaches of states to the development of AI technologies were established. Possible scenarios for the development of national strategic programs in the medium term globally were assessed.
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Trunov, F. "Afghanistan and Mali: German “Anti-Withdrawal” Strategy?" World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 12 (2022): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-12-38-47.
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Against the backdrop of the modern Cold War, the instability threats the sources of which are located in the conflictprone countries of Asia and Africa have not disappeared. One of the key tendencies is the structures of international terrorism in Western Africa, Horn of Africa, Near and partly Middle East being still in force. The article explores Germany’s attempts to keep the strategic presence in Afghanistan and Mali in the context of previous efforts to resolve armed conflicts here. The choice is due to the FRG being in a position of moving towards the role of a full-fledged global player in political and military spheres. The “rising” power becomes especially susceptible both to the risks of instability projected on it and its partners, and to the loss of strategic influence in various regions of the world. The author explores in a comparative way different aspects of German participation in the missions in Afghanistan (ISAF, then “Resolute Support”) and Mali (EUTM Mali and MINUSMA in parallel). The paper highlights political and military factors which determine the scale and forms of the Bundeswehr usage in the peacekeeping sphere during different stages of the resolution process. In Mali, Germany has tried to take into account and correct the mistakes in security sector reform conducted in Afghanistan. But at the same time, there were quite a few “narrow places” of EUTM Mali activity with FRG’s role as a framework nation. The first factor of German positions’ strategic vulnerability is dependence on a partner fully engaged in anti-terrorist combat operations. The second one is the critical perception of German efforts by the forces which have come to power in Afghanistan (Taliban) and Mali (local military officers) and have preferred the nationalization of armed conflict resolution. In this regard, the article concludes about German “anti-withdrawal” strategy.
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Zaritskiy, B. "Germany and China: Partners, Competitors or Systemic Rivals?" World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 2 (2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-2-16-28.
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China is currently Germany’s main trade partner. For many German companies, it is an attractive production site and an important link in global value chains. Despite existing disagreements, both sides in their official documents have continued to view their relationship as “comprehensive strategic partnership”. Yet experts and German mass media have increasingly tended to call China a “systemic rival”. Berlin is aware of the fact that it is having to deal not with a competitor but with a real contender for the world’s economic and technological leadership. Moreover, it is feared that the Chinese model based on the combination of state economic dirigism and political authoritarian methods of government may find a sympathetic ear in some countries. The question is how to build relationship with China in this new situation. The quest for a reasonable balance between calls to give a “tough” answer to the Chinese capital expansion, the drain of technologies and restrictions that German companies are facing in China’s market on the one hand and the necessity to continue a constructive dialogue with the new superpower on the other – that is the main task of German politics with respect to China. In view of the absence of a common political stance to be followed by the European Union countries in their dealings with China and the growing U.S. pressure aimed at securing, from its allies, support of the policy of confrontation towards China, the formulation of the German Chinese policy will most likely have to be situational resembling an attempt to solve an equation with many unknowns. The article explores trade and investment aspects of German-Sino relations and existing contradictions in the domain of sсientific and technical cooperation and technology transfer. Analysis is made of German business complaints regarding conditions of doing business in China, as well as of steps taken by the German authorities to limit Chinese investors’ activity in Germany.
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Sorge, Arndt, and Martin Brussig. "Organizational Process, Strategic Content and Socio-Economic Resources: Small Enterprises in East Germany, 1990–94." Organization Studies 24, no. 8 (October 2003): 1261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01708406030248004.
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The theory of the firm implies a framework which links up conceptually diverse aspects and approaches. This article tests a specific framework: an interactionist variant of co-evolution theory derived from an article by Hrebiniak and Joyce. Organizations are viewed as enacting different combinations of strategic choice and environmental determinism, which point toward specific market forms and internal processes, through a process of mutual adaptation. Co-evolutionary configurations are hypothesized to have an effect on resource outcomes (profitability and employment). The present article tests this theory, based on a combined qualitative study and standardized questionnaire investigation of a quota sample of 120 smaller enterprises in East Germany. This refers to an environment which, because of the new and rapid emergence of new firms subdivided into different types, can be seen to render the application of interactionist co-evolutionism particularly exigent. It was found that the typology derived according to the framework performed well in predicting and explaining economic performance and employment development. It is suggested that this type of study, linking internal and external organizational characteristics within an interactionist scheme, has potential. It would also help to systematize and control co-evolutionary research on the firm following a coherent research design, going beyond the liberal interpretation of historical information.
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Ward, Hugh, and Geoffrey Edwards. "Chicken and technology: the politics of the European Community's budget for research and development." Review of International Studies 16, no. 2 (April 1990): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112550.
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Member governments of the European Community have frequently urged the necessity of closer cooperation and collaboration in meeting the challenge posed by new technologies and in countering the lead achieved by the United States and Japan. After delays which seemed almost to contradict any sense of urgency, the Council of Ministers of the Community agreed to a multi-annual Framework Programme of Scientific Research in 1983. A critically important element of that Programme, the European Strategic Programme of Research and Development in Information Technology (ESPRIT), was agreed only after further extensive delays in February 1984. The renewal and extension of the Framework Programme was proposed by the European Commission in early 1986 but was finally agreed only in September 1987, the delay having been caused by the opposition of Britain, France and West Germany, the three member states largely responsible for the protracted negotiations on ESPRIT in 1984. Much attention has been paid to the history of the Framework Programme and ESPRIT, but the budgetary aspects of the decisions, aspects that were highly significant in delaying agreement, especially on the part of Britain and West Germany, have tended to be ignored.
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BREM, ALEXANDER, and FLORIAN FREITAG. "INTERNATIONALISATION OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT: RESULTS FROM A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY ON COMPANIES WITH INNOVATION PROCESSES IN GERMANY AND INDIA." International Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 01 (January 22, 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500103.
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A rich body of literature has emerged from research on Western new product development (NPD). However, the impact of country- and culture-specific influences on these processes has not been examined in detail yet. Hence, this study identifies the differences in NPD practices between the Indian and German research and development (R&D) subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNCs). Data have been generated by interviews with R&D executives in both countries across multiple cases. The study samples strategic, organisational, and operational aspects and indicates differences in process coordination, reward systems, NPD creativity techniques, market orientation, and the average age of NPD teams. Other aspects, such as top management support, the use of structured NPD processes, and the use of heterogeneous NPD teams, show no substantial differences between the countries. Our findings suggest that, while some aspects are universally applicable across cultural frontiers, Western companies must understand India's different expectations regarding NPD and adjust their practices accordingly.
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Meixner, Juliane. "STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL FOCUS OF HEALTH PREVENTION IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS." Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business 2 (October 24, 2021): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/peb.v2.256.
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In this paper, with a view to the high levels of absence due to sickness and presenteeism, it is explored how management and team leadership can be integrated on a more sustained basis in health prevention. Private sector enterprises on one hand, and organisations in the public sector, on the other, pursue and prioritise in this aspect different approaches, which are traceable to their different traditions. Specifically in Germany in the public sector, the principle of due care has had a long tradition that grows out of social responsibility, which contrasts with the perspective of commercial enterprises that emphasises the economic aspect. The study undertakes to determine the particular strengths of each of the sectors and to demonstrate their different approaches. The examination refers in its methodology to qualitative social research. In the systemically structured survey design, Seventy six experts were approached with questions concerning different aspects such as corporate culture, business processes, organisational integration, qualification, risk assessments, and concrete actions in health prevention. Complementary to the expert survey, documents such as corporate guidelines and policies, management tools, results from risk assessments and employee surveys or quality offensives were referred to. This analysis supplied insights on how the declared health prevention policies in an organisation can be effectively implemented at the strategic and operational level in corporate culture and leadership culture with a long-term continuity, and which organisational prerequisites in the corporate hierarchy and corporate decision making and business processes may reinforce and sustain successful implementation of health prevention. Of particular importance in the process is operative management. For the sake of effective team involvement in own and team-specific health prevention, an eight-stage team feedback was devised, which includes elements of self-reflection and perception by others in an iteratively structured process.
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Yermenchuk, Oleksandr, and Maksym Palchyk. "Problem Aspects of Legal Regulation of Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Critical Infrastructure Protection." Information Security of the Person, Society and State, no. 26 (2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2019-2-5.
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This article provides systematic international experience of legal regulation of critical infrastructure protection in foreign jurisdictions. Some aspects of national critical infrastructure security systems of such as countries Germany, Spain, USA, and Denmark are described. The article determines that at national levels in different countries critical infrastructure protection is mainly regulated by national security strategies, defense strategies and other basic regulatory acts related to the functioning of critical infrastructure and its protection. The article considers aspects of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of public-private partnership and critical infrastructure protection in modern Ukraine. According to the results of the research, it has been established that in Ukraine there are documents of strategic character that regulate the implementation of public-private partnership, which should become a mutually beneficial factor that will facilitate mutual integration processes. Main directions for developing public-private partnership in the field of critical infrastructure protection in Ukraine have been suggested. Key words: public-private partnership, legal regulation, critical infrastructure, critical infrastructure protection, international experience.
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Fuehles-Ubach, Simone. "What is your contribution to the funder’s strategy?" Library Management 39, no. 3/4 (June 11, 2018): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-10-2017-0112.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the different positions and roles that German research libraries may have in their funding organizations: center or periphery, making a change with respect to the overall strategy or having just a strategy of their own; having strong communication links to the top management or just to their users. Design/methodology/approach Since 2008, the Joint Science Conference (Gemeinsame Wissenschaftskonferenz (GWK)) in Germany deals with all questions of research funding, science and research policy strategies and the science system which jointly affect the Federal Government and the Länder. For the big four German national research societies (Max-Planck, Helmhold, Fraunhofer, Leibnitz), the GWK formulated a set of performance indicators that are used to compare the different societies in a monitoring report published every year. Interestingly, there are several aspects affecting the libraries and their services and products, but the performance of the libraries (approximately 200) is not clearly mentioned. Findings An exemplary matrix is developed that can be adapted by all research libraries to show to which extent the research library is able to support and influence the level of different performance indicators and thereby to contribute to the overall goal of the organization. A graduated traffic light system is used to highlight which contributions in which areas can be expected from the research library. Research limitations/implications Research libraries are usually quite different from each other and there are not many tools to compare their contributions and to show their performance to the management level. In this paper, a method to show the influence and impact in the German research context is used, which may not be applicable to other countries with other research structures. Practical implications The paper identifies the importance of playing an essential role in the fulfillment of the overall strategic goals of the funding organization, especially for research libraries as there are usually special metrics to compare the big scientific research organizations in Germany. Social implications It is shown that there are simple ways to derive strategic goals and key figures and translate them into a benchmark and even use existing reports and systems. Originality/value The value of research libraries has usually been seen as supporting the research process for the users in the best possible way. As more competition arises between different research institutions or societies, the role of the library with respect to the contribution to the stakeholder’s strategy opens up another perspective.
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Kovalev, Boris N., and Sergey V. Kulik. "Иранская проблема в нацистской пропаганде на оккупированной территории Северо-Запада России (1942–1943 гг.)." Oriental studies 15, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-280-291.
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Introduction. The article analyzes the coverage of the Iranian problem in the collaborationist newspapers Za rodinu (‘For Motherland’) and Novyi put’ (‘New Way’). These periodicals were published and circulated both in the Baltic and Northwest Russia during the Nazi occupation (1941–1944). The publications have never been subject to scientific inquiry before. The period witnessed a subtle diplomatic game on the ‘Iranian front’ played by Nazi Germany and aimed at winning over both Iran and Soviet peoples (including those from Transcaucasia) to its side. That policy proved so active that it was implemented even in a very remote region — Northwest Russia. Materials and methods. The work analyzes articles of the collaborationist newspapers dealing with Iranian affairs. In Russian and foreign historiography examining various aspects of Nazi propaganda during World War II this aspect has not been considered properly yet. The guiding research principles include those of objectivity, comprehensive analysis, historicism, and source criticism. Results. The article scrutinizes into Nazi Germany’s propaganda policy on Iran as a factor in the strategic struggle against the Soviet Union and Great Britain. Particular attention is paid to the propaganda affirmations used by Germany after the arrival of Soviet and British troops in Iran. Geographically, special emphasis is laid on the Near East. Nazi Russian-language propaganda in the occupied territories of Russia made significant efforts to prove depravity of the Allies of World War II. Iran and its people were treated as victims of the Soviet-British occupation and potential allies of the Third Reich.
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ТАТАРОВ, А. А. "NAZI MILITARY ADMINISTRATION ON THE OCCUPIED NORTH CAUCASUS DURING 1942-1943: PLANS AND PRACTICES." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 42(81) (December 9, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.81.42.003.
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The article presents the conceptual and practical dimensions of the Nazi military administration in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The issue’s relevance draws on the academic assumption on the “special” German policy in the annexed North Caucasus. The analysis of documentary material enabled reconstruction of some aspects of the German occupation policy before and during the battle for the Caucasus. Germany’s plans contained explicit contradictions. The clear goal to seize the Caucasus’s resources and geopolitical benefits coexisted with the idea of applying a brand new type of occupation strategy and propaganda to prevent the resistance of local ethnic groups prone to conventionally dismiss the state’s penetration of society. A set of documents and the expert opinions of some German military-political actors are the source of the concept of a “special” occupation policy, which is based on the idea of reviving traditional Caucasian institutions and the restrained use of military violence in national regions. It is argued that a significant gap has appeared between the theory and practice of the occupation policy. Germany failed to conquer the entire Caucasian region, establish the Reichskommissariat “Caucasus” and create an effective management system. The occupation policy did not correspond to the idea of implementing a “special” approach. In practice, the structure and functions of the military administration were reduced to the political support of economic exploitation. A system of economic services was deployed in the North Caucasus to extract strategic assets whilst the punitive authorities acted within the standard framework.
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Calzada, Igor. "Democratising Smart Cities? Penta-Helix Multistakeholder Social Innovation Framework." Smart Cities 3, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 1145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3040057.
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The smart cities policy approach has been intensively implemented in European cities under the Horizon 2020 programme. However, these implementations not only reduce the interdependencies among stakeholders to technocratic Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) models, but also fail to question the identities of strategic stakeholders and how they prioritise their business/social models. These aspects are putting democracy at stake in smart cities. Therefore, this article aims to unfold and operationalise multistakeholders’ policy frameworks from the social innovation perspective by suggesting the ex-novo penta-helix framework—including public, private, academia, civic society, and social entrepreneurs/activists—to extend the triple and quadruple-helix frameworks. Based on fieldwork action research conducted from February 2017 to December 2018—triangulating desk research, 75 interviews, and three validation workshops—this article applies the penta-helix framework to map out five strategic dimensions related to (i) multistakeholder helix framework and (ii) the resulting business/social models comparatively in three follower cities of the H2020-Replicate project: Essen (Germany), Lausanne (Switzerland), and Nilüfer (Turkey). For each case study, the findings reveal: (i) a unique multistakeholder composition, (ii) diverse preferences on business/social models, (iii) a regular presence of the fifth helix as intermediaries, and (iv) the willingness to experiment with democratic arrangements beyond the hegemonic PPP.
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Marchenkov, Maksim L. "Consistency and Adaptability: New Aspects of the Arctic Policy of Sweden." Arctic and North, no. 47 (June 28, 2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2022.47.126.
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The article is an analytical review of Sweden’s Arctic policy since the adoption of the country’s first Arctic strategy in 2011 until nowadays. The priorities of Sweden’s 2011 Arctic Strategy in the areas of environmental protection, economic cooperation and human life in the Arctic are analyzed. Sweden’s chairmanship programs at the Arctic Council for 2011–2013 and at the Barents Euro-Arctic Council for 2017–2019 are assessed for compliance with the national Arctic strategy priorities. The participation of Sweden in projects under the auspices of the Arctic Council in the 2010s and at present is presented. The content of the updated Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 is analyzed. The updated strategy is compared with the strategy of 2011; the reasons for the enlargement of the thematic coverage of Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 (additional priorities are international cooperation in the Arctic, security and stability in the region, and scientific cooperation) are explained. The reasons for Sweden’s emphasis on security issues in the Arctic are explained. It is concluded that Sweden’s Arctic policy from 2011 to the present is consistent and adaptable due to the changing climatic, economic, political and military situation in the Arctic region. The desire of Sweden to cooperate with the Nordic countries and NATO in the field of military cooperation in the Arctic is marked as a new tendency in Sweden’s Arctic policy. The new role of the European Union, Canada and Germany in the implementation of Swedish Arctic policy at the present stage is traced. Sweden’s Arctic strategy is also estimated in correspondence to the provisions of the Arctic Council Strategic Plan for 2021–2030.
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Kleiv, Rolf Arne, and Maria Thornhill. "Deep-Sea Mining—A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Focus, Publishing Structures, International and Inter-Institutional Cooperation." Minerals 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111383.
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Deep-sea mining is a multidimensional concept that requires interdisciplinary research and development to close the current knowledge gaps. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the research focus, publishing structures and international and inter-institutional cooperation as evident in academic publishing. This could aid in the identification of knowledge gaps, research opportunities, potential inter-institutional cooperation and the need for strategic investment and policy development. The analysis is based on a sample of 1935 journal papers (from 1968 to 2021) obtained by searching Elsevier’s Scopus database for publications containing an explicit reference to deep-sea mining (or equivalent terms) in their title, abstract or keywords. Publication numbers are broken down by publication year, subject area, author affiliations and source. The scientific output mirrors the commercial interest and the growing environmental concern. A detailed analysis of content is performed on the 2017–2021 subset, containing one third of the total publications. Here, China (152 publ.), the United Kingdom (133), the United States (115) and Germany (107) are the top contributors. China has had a comparatively stronger focus on engineering aspects and produces very few publications with international co-authorship. Almost half of the 2017–2021 publications focus on environmental aspects, whereas engineering aspects (especially vertical transport) are addressed by close to one third. Little is published on site remediation and ore processing, or specifically on ferromanganese crusts.
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Shubin, Aleksandr. "The Treaty of Brest-Lito vsk: Russia and Ukraine." Lithuanian Historical Studies 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2008): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-01301007.
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Communist strategy combined anti-imperialism and the programme of building a planned non-market economy. Until 1918 the conjunction of these two aspects –conquering imperialism and building a new society on its ruins – was undoubted. As long as there were no victories, there could be no socialism. The proposals of a democratic peace put forward by the Bolsheviks in Brest had to ensure a moral victory over imperialism and at the same time to create conditions for the implementation of a constructive programme of socialism. The course of events confronted the Bolsheviks with an appalling dilemma leading to a severe internal crisis. In this article the confrontational motives of factions are discussed from the viewpoints of ‘dogmatism’ and ‘pragmatism’, and utopia and realpolitik. Attention is also drawn to the differences of the political stances time and again emerging in the history of Russia after the rise of St Petersburg. From the northern capital the situation was often seen differently than from Moscow. In Moscow the strategic threats from the Baltic region and from Ukraine were treated as equally dangerous. From the point of view of the northern capital the situation in Germany was more vulnerable and the loss of St Petersburg would mean ‘the end of the play’. Such a viewpoint, differing from Lenin’s position after the transfer of the government to Moscow (when Denikin and Kolchak presented a greater danger than Yudenich), strongly conditioned the strategic ‘blindness’ of the Bolsheviks overlooking the potential menace posed by the Ukrainian Central Rada.
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KAPINOS, Natallia, Viktor GONCHAROV, Olena RYBINA, and Nataliia PROKOPENKO. "EXPERIENCE OF LAND USE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AT THE LOCAL (MUNICIPAL) LEVEL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." AgroLife Scientific Journal 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2021210.
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The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.
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Iefremova, Iryna, Iryna Lomakina, and Nataliia Obiiukh. "Groundwater Protection as an Essential Component of Water Management in the European Union in the Light of Modern Integration Processes: Legal Aspects of the Problem." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p354.
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In the context of exacerbation of environmental problems that are global in nature, it is necessary to assess the opportunities and development prospects of environmental policy not only at the international level, but also at the regional European level. In this regard, the focus of our article is to consider the problem of protecting groundwater as a strategic natural resource and to analyze the practice of applying European directives on water quality and protection of groundwater in EU countries. In the EU, the basic legal framework for water protection is defined in the Water Framework Directive that determines the need to develop monitoring programs and basin water management plans to improve the quality of water in the EU by the member states. However, taking into account the fact that groundwater, especially drinking artesian water, is vulnerable to pollution, improvement of the legal groundwater protection system and the search for rational groundwater protection practices implemented in the EU countries are vitally necessary. Therefore, the paper aims to explore the ways of EU legislation development in the field of water resources protection, identifying the main areas of groundwater protection and analyzing the legal means used in certain EU countries, in particular, Austria, Germany, as well as identifying priorities and objectives for Ukraine on the way to integration into the system of European water legislation. Keywords: EU legislation, groundwater, groundwater pollution, groundwater use, water management, water protection.
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Bezruchonak, Andrei. "Geographic Features of Zero-Emissions Urban Mobility: the Case of Electric Buses in Europe and Belarus." European Spatial Research and Policy 26, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.26.1.05.
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This article reviews the emerging phenomena of electric buses’ deployment in Europe and Belarus within the general framework of the concept of sustainable and electric urban mobility. The author offers a brief overview of electric bus technologies available on the market and a spatial analysis of fleet deployment in Europe. The analysis of the spatial structure of the distribution of e-buses in Europe indicated that, in terms of the number of vehicles in operation, the UK and the Netherlands are the regional leaders, while in terms of the number of cities testing e-buses – Germany, Sweden, and Poland are the leaders. The analysis showed that the main factors supporting the distribution of innovative technology and public support are legislative and regulative framework as well as clear strategic planning and cooperation between local administrations and transportation authorities. Other important aspects, such as network building features, and the location of the charging infrastructure were also discussed. The analysis of the case study of Minsk (the first city to introduce electric buses in Belarus) outlined the typical limiting factors for all types of markets: high battery costs and dependency on infrastructure; recommendations are given to emphasise bus fleet replacement (instead of trolleybus) and to develop a comprehensive sustainable urban mobility strategy.
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Avdonin, Vladimir, and Elena Meleshkina. "E-GOVERNMENT: FROM SERVICE TECHNOLOGIES TO A NEW MANAGEMENT PARADIGM." Political Expertise: POLITEX 17, no. 4 (2021): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2021.402.
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The article analyzes conceptual approaches to the development of e-government. The factors that contribute to its successful development are identified. Two examples (Estonia and Germany) show the influence of a different combination of these factors. The successful development of e-government requires a combination of a number of various factors, including characteristics of political institutions, political actors, and political culture. The development of e-government entails changes in these aspects of political life and, more broadly, changes in the nature of public administration and participation. In turn, the specifics and pace of these changes also depend on the unique combination of factors. The authors show that significant economic resources and strategic planning at the state level are not sufficient explanatory factors for the successful development of e-government. Important circumstances may include the relatively small size of the state, the perspective vision of political actors, the coincidence of the interests of public and private structures, readiness to reform the management system, the creation of conditions for institutional cooperation, and coordination of interested actors. The authors conclude that prospects for further research in the field of e-government development are related to the study of unique national sets of factors that explain features of e-government models and their evolution.
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Essig, Michael, Andreas H. Glas, and Josef Gutsmiedl. "Procurement of a supply information system." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 28, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-01-2014-0008.
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Purpose – Given the high importance of information systems for procurement, surprisingly there have been little efforts to analyze the process and the relevant reasons for the procurement decision of such systems from a stakeholder perspective. The purpose of this paper is to explore these aspects in the context of low-value (C-)parts. Design/methodology/approach – Research is based on a case study in a pre-fabricator company in Germany and analyzes the process to procure a system for sourcing low-value parts. Findings – As a finding, the procurement process and decision attributes have been integrated into a framework which supports corporate decision-making considering the procurement reasons of all involved stakeholders (internal departments, external customers and suppliers). Research limitations/implications – Research is based on case study analysis. Findings are specific to case companies and the environment in which they operate. The framework should be tested further in different contexts. Practical implications – The developed decision frame supports the evaluation of different sourcing information systems, including clearly measurable criteria but also qualitative or company-strategic decision attributes. Originality/value – The combination of financial and other perspectives (operations, information technology (IT)-administration, system users, etc.), is used to evolve a robust ex-ante instrument for supporting buying decisions for procurement information systems. The case description also illustrates the findings and develops new insights about stakeholders and buying groups decision-making for information systems.
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PŁONECZKA, Karolina. "LOGISTICS IN SERVICES VS. LOGISTIC SERVICES." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej 110, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1460.
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Nowadays, companies offer various logistics services to their customers. Diversity of these services is essential for business. The range of services that logistics companies cover depends on various factors; it can be solely transport, but can also be a complex service that includes organisation of raw materials delivery, warehousing, delivery of finished goods to customers and dealing with documents like invoices, waybills and others. The increasing popularity of logistics in services is noticeable. This is connected with global changes. This is a complex phenomenon that connects aspects and features of services and logistics. The three most important areas for logistics in services are: minimisation of waiting time, management of service potential and service delivery. The goal of this article is to reveal the difference between these two subjects and review the literature connected with them. The main conclusions are that logistics services can be seen as belonging to logistics in the services phenomenon. In every area of logistics in services, three phases can be distinguished: supply, production and sales. Germany has the leading position in Europe when it comes to the logistics services market. Dynamic changes in logistics have led to the development of a new classification of logistics enterprises. The European Commission is analysing changes in the sector in order to prepare new strategic objectives.
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Brzostek, Agnieszka. "Germany’s Cybersecurity Policy." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tkp.4793.
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The German Federal Republic is one of the states whose state policy in the field of cybersecurity is considered to be coherent and effective. However, even Germany is a country exposed to numerous attacks. Ubiquitous technology in every aspect of our lives, and in addition the COVID-19 pandemic, introducing widespread mobile work and online education, have created even greater threats. By adapting internal legislation, indicating strategic and specific goals, Germany is part of the EU cybersecurity policy in its cybersecurity strategies. Prior to the adoption of the NIS 2 directive, Germany had already created a legal basis that would effectively and efficiently protect German cyberspace. In order to strengthen the effectiveness of their cybersecurity policy, Germany is strengthening cooperation between federal authorities, business, science and strengthening digital sovereignty.
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Malakhovskyi, Yurii, and Ali Kanso. "CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF SOCIAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-11.
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The purpose of the publication is to summarize the practice of quantitative assessment of the current state and trends in the change of social capital of national economy (SCNE) of Ukraine on the basis of the use of the index system, which comprehensively take into account numerous aspects of its functioning as a basic factor in ensuring stable competitiveness of the national economy (NE), high level of human development, key conditions for prosperity and well-being of all segments of the population. The results of the benchmarking of indices and analysis of the actual level of SCNE are based on data about the factors of current level of the national economy’s formation for individual countries in the process of ensuring in the strategic perspective the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Measuring Social Capital (SC) for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). For SCNE of Ukraine is inherent in the simultaneous deep commitment of the domestic community to the values of survival (at the level of Russia, Moldova, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria) in combination with a high level of confession of secular rational values (at the level of Lithuania, South Korea, the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark). Based on the above data, Ukraine has a low level of direct interpersonal social trust (the level of distrust/caution in relations practically exceeds it three times) combined with a low level of trust in political institutions. The necessary information for the assessment of the environment and the general level of development of SCNE of Ukraine is contained in the already mentioned international indices, which in their aggregate comprehensively characterize the subject of our research.
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Nayak, Bishwajit, and Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya. "The Changing Narrative in the Health Insurance Industry: Wearables Technology in Health Insurance Products and Services for the COVID-19 World." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420983112.
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COVID-19 pandemic, the associated economic lockdown and the norms of social distancing have disrupted the business world. Most managers have struggled to make sense of the chaos and complexity around. Health insurance industry mangers are at the forefront of this challenge as new products and services covering COVID-19 had to be launched fast. This was both a market as well as the societal requirement. In the COVID-19 world, in different countries like United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Germany and India, attempts are being made to develop mobile applications for tracking COVID-19 patients. Emerging technologies have been altering the business landscape in most industries. The health insurance industry has also been witnessing the effects of technologies such as wearables technology, big data analytics, cloud technologies, blockchain, machine learning and such others. The advent of these technologies is fundamentally changing the health insurance industry. Given the realities of the COVID-19 world, the health insurance industry is poised at a crossroad of evolution where the industry would become data-intensive and data-driven. Health insurance firms have to enter into interfirm collaboration with wearable technology firms in the conversation on tracking social distancing from COVID-19 positive and potential cases. Health insurance firms might develop a service mechanism which could while maintaining the anonymity of COVID-19 positive or potential cases, ensure that customers who are using the wearable technology products and following social distancing norms are provided favourable premium for COVID-19 related health insurance products in case they were infected. This would be a novel addition to COVID-19 related products of health insurance firms. Deliberating on these aspects in this article, the authors propose a fundamental shift in the strategic orientation of health insurance firms.
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Knapp, Alexander. "Zur Relevanz des After-Sales in klein- und mittelständischen Medizintechnik-Unternehmen." ZfKE - Zeitschrift für KMU und Entrepreneurship 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/zfke.68.1.1.
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Zusammenfassung After-Sales-Services werden in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Forschung intensiv reflektiert. Diese Services können der Kundenbindung dienen und offenbar substanzielle, über den Produktkauf hinausreichende Umsatz- und Rentabilitäts-Potenziale für Unternehmen bieten. Vorliegend wurden die Umsetzung und potenzielle Erfolgswirksamkeit des After-Sales im Bereich Medizintechnik empirisch untersucht. Die Untersuchungsgruppe bestand aus 327 deutschen Medizintechnik-Unternehmen, die einen eigenständig entwickelten Fragebogen zu Aspekten des After-Sales bearbeitet hatten. Es zeigte sich, dass After-Sales-Services bei diesen Unternehmen reges Interesse finden und die attribuierte wirtschaftliche Relevanz von After-Sales-Maßnahmen hoch ist. Ermittelt wurden zudem prinzipiell positive Beziehungen zwischen der strategisch-operativen Wertschätzung von After-Sales-Services und der Gewinndynamik der Medizintechnik-Unternehmen. Die letztgenannten Ergebnisse, die sich auch multivariat absichern ließen, weisen sowohl praktische als auch theoretische Implikationen auf. Abstract After-sales services have been investigated thoroughly in economic research. These services can play an important role for customer retention. Beyond the purchase, after-sales-services may have a substantial potential for further revenues and the company profitability. In the present empirical study, forms, effectiveness and potentials for success of after-sales services in the medical technology industry (medtech) were analyzed. The sample included 327 small and medium-sized medtech companies in Germany. These companies were required to complete an independently developed questionnaire with a focus on different after-sales aspects. As to the empirical data, the responding companies regarded after-sales services as being of high importance. The attributed strategic relevance of the services proved to be strong. Furthermore, positive relations between the companies’ appreciation of after-sales services and the profit dynamism of the companies were found. The latter results, which could be validated by multivariate methods, have both theoretical and practical implications.
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Gusev, Aleksey, Egor Skvorcov, and Ekaterina Morozova. "Studying the international practice of introducing precision farming technologies based on national programs for the development of the agrarian sector of foreign countries." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-3-121-125.
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The relevance of the research lies in the insufficiently studied theoretical aspects of the application of precision farming technologies. The development programs of the industry in countries with developed agriculture contain separate elements for the development of precision farming technologies. The aim is to study the international practice of introducing precision farming technologies on the basis of national programs for the development of the agrarian sector of countries with developed agriculture. The United States occupies a leading position in the development of precision farming technologies. This became possible thanks to the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Cyber Informatics and Tools (FACT) program, as well as the development of these technologies by private companies (Ag Leader Technology; AgJunction, Inc; CropMetrics LLC, etc.). In the People's Republic of China, in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Economic and Social Development of the Republic, Article 4 proclaims a course for the modernization of agriculture, which is designed for 2015-2020. It is planned to introduce a regional pilot project in the field of precision farming technologies based on IoT, increasing the level of intelligence and precision of agriculture. Japan has implemented the Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) for the next generation of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Its main tasks include an automatic travel system for agricultural machinery under human supervision (by 2018), as well as an unmanned system for agricultural machinery with remote monitoring (by 2020). In total, 15.6 billion yen (11.5 billion rubles) was allocated for the implementation of these tasks in the period from 2014 to 2018. In Germany, 14 digital innovation parks have been created, aimed at developing both precision farming technologies and technologies of the Internet of things, big data and others.
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Trunov, Philipp. "On the Periodisation of the German Involvement in the Settlement of Armed Conflicts in the Post-Soviet Space." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 1 (2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640014995-2.
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Currently, Germany is demonstrating its ambition to establish itself as a full-fledged global player. German strategic intrusion into the post-Soviet space in the form of participation in the settlement of armed conflicts is a factor contributing to the fulfilment of this ambition. The article proposes a periodisation for this aspect of German foreign policy. Both the evolution of tactics for using political and diplomatic tools in a given territory and the expansion of the composition of regional players are demonstrated for each period. The author focuses on the evolution of the German approach to the resolution of armed conflicts in the region (Georgian-Abkhaz, Georgian-South Ossetian, Transnistrian, and in the east of Ukraine). The German approach to the regulation of armed conflicts in the region has had two components. The first component is federalization as a way to eliminate local contradictions: Germany provided support to the central authorities of the former Soviet republic, often not taking into account the interests of the separatist party. The second component is German attempts to ensure that the parties to the conflict sign and implement the Association Agreement with the EU. This dramatically complicated the settlement process, creating a high probability of its degradation and leading, sometimes, to the resumption of discontinued armed clashes. The paper pays close attention to the German position on the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
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Smailov, Sergey, and Mariya Podshivalova. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR THE KAZAKHSTAN REPUBLIC INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 16, no. 1 (2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em220113.
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Today technological development is recognized as one of the key factors in increasing the competitiveness of national economies. In this direction, an active scientific search is being carried out both to identify the significance of the technological entrepreneurship phenomenon for innovative ecosystems, and to develop effective mechanisms for its development. This article is the contribution of the authors to the solution of the first scientific problem. The review of the literature on the Republic of Kazakhstan innovative development showed that the existing works either do not cover the significance of technological entrepreneurship for the current stage of economic development, or the studies are focused only on certain aspects of innovative activity. Therefore, a study is required to assess the dynamics and current state of innovation activity in the country and the prospects for the technological entrepreneurship development. In accordance with this goal, official statistical data were collected for the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2010–2020, characterizing the level of innovative development of the economy in accordance with the Oslo Manual’s requirements. The compiled time series of data were analyzed through an assessment of the dynamics of changes and compared with similar data from the countries of the European Union. As a result, it was found that in terms of innovative development the Republic of Kazakhstan lags far behind the leading EU countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy) and is at a similar level with such countries as Lithuania, Cyprus, and Malta. For each indicator of innovative activity, the significance of the development of technological entrepreneurship was substantiated from the point of view of realizing the economic and innovative potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study results contribute to the understanding of the strategic opportunities for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan and can be considered both as an achieved result and as a reference point for future measures to stimulate technological innovation.
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Hrytsiuk, V., O. Lysenko, and V. Kydon. "Prologue to the German-Soviet War: Political and Military-Strategic Aspects." Ukraïnsʹkij ìstoričnij žurnal, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhj2021.03.056.
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Trifiro, Fabrizio. "The importance of cross-border cooperation in the quality assurance of TNE." Higher Education Evaluation and Development 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heed-12-2018-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on the importance of cross-border cooperation in the quality assurance of transnational education (TNE) by offering a comparative overview of how TNE is quality assured by both sending and receiving countries. Through this comparative analysis, it will be possible to appreciate the diversity of approaches to TNE. The paper also shows that for the foreseeable future, progress towards effective and effiicient quality assurance of TNE cannot rest on the hope of developing an internationally agreed framework, but it must rest on strengthening cooperation between quality assurance agencies operating within different national frameworks. Design/methodology/approach This paper looks at four key sending countries of TNE, the UK, Australia, the USA and Germany, considering the main drivers for out-going TNE, its main features and how it is quality assured. It then considers the same aspects from the perspective of receiving countries of TNE, looking at four key receiving locations, China, Dubai, Singapore and Hong Kong. It also offers an overview of some recent international initiatives aimed at fostering cross-border cooperation in the quality assurance of TNE. Findings In the backdrop of this overview of different approaches to TNE, this paper will conclude that for the foreseeable future it is not possible to develop an internationally agreed view and approach to TNE and its quality assurance. This conclusion allows the author to focus on the importance of cross-border cooperation amongst quality assurance agencies in sending and receiving countries for the effective and efficient quality assurance of TNE. Originality/value This is the first comparative study of different countries’ approaches to TNE and its quality assurance, taking into account both sending and receiving countries. It allows pointing to the key different features in different countries’ approaches and illustrates how these often relate to the underlining national strategic priorities and drivers for TNE (either in-bound or out-bound). It also allows the international community to realise that in the absence of a viable shared and agreed international framework for the regulation and quality assurance of TNE, it is of paramount importance to focus efforts on inter-agency cross-border cooperation in order to ensure that TNE continues to be of good quality and relevant to the respective communities.
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Buettner, Stefan M. "Roadmap to Neutrality—What Foundational Questions Need Answering to Determine One’s Ideal Decarbonisation Strategy." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093126.
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Considering increasingly ambitious pledges by countries and various forms of pressure from current international constellations, society, investors, and clients further up the supply chain, the question for companies is not so much whether to take decarbonisation action, but what action and by when. However, determining an ideal mix of measures to apply ‘decarbonisation efficiency’ requires more than knowledge of technically feasible measures and how to combine them to achieve the most economic outcome: In this paper, working in a ‘backcasting’ manner, the author describes seven aspects which heavily influence the composition of an ‘ideal mix’ that executive leadership needs to take a (strategic) position on. Contrary to previous studies, these aspects consider underlying motivations and span across (socio-)economic, technical, regulatory, strategic, corporate culture, and environmental factors and further underline the necessity of clarity of definitions. How these decisions influence the determination of the decarbonisation-efficient ideal mix of measures is further explored by providing concrete examples. Insights into the choices taken by German manufacturers regarding several of these aspects stem from about 850 responses to the ‘Energy Efficiency Index of German Industry’. Knowledge of the status quo, and clarity in definitions, objectives, time frames, and scope are key.
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Buettner, Stefan M. "Roadmap to Neutrality—What Foundational Questions Need Answering to Determine One’s Ideal Decarbonisation Strategy." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093126.
Full textAbstract:
Considering increasingly ambitious pledges by countries and various forms of pressure from current international constellations, society, investors, and clients further up the supply chain, the question for companies is not so much whether to take decarbonisation action, but what action and by when. However, determining an ideal mix of measures to apply ‘decarbonisation efficiency’ requires more than knowledge of technically feasible measures and how to combine them to achieve the most economic outcome: In this paper, working in a ‘backcasting’ manner, the author describes seven aspects which heavily influence the composition of an ‘ideal mix’ that executive leadership needs to take a (strategic) position on. Contrary to previous studies, these aspects consider underlying motivations and span across (socio-)economic, technical, regulatory, strategic, corporate culture, and environmental factors and further underline the necessity of clarity of definitions. How these decisions influence the determination of the decarbonisation-efficient ideal mix of measures is further explored by providing concrete examples. Insights into the choices taken by German manufacturers regarding several of these aspects stem from about 850 responses to the ‘Energy Efficiency Index of German Industry’. Knowledge of the status quo, and clarity in definitions, objectives, time frames, and scope are key.
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Fernández, Francesc, and Patrick Zabalbeascoa. "Developing Trainee Translators’ Strategic Subcompetence Through Metacognitive Questionnaires." Meta 57, no. 3 (July 8, 2013): 740–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017089ar.
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This paper presents a case study carried out in a two-part German-Spanish general translation course. It results from a pedagogical intervention aimed at helping first-year translation students to develop their strategic subcompetence through metacognitive questionnaires. It focuses on a single function of this subcompetence, the evaluation of trainees’ translating, which was carried out by using post-translation metacognitive questionnaires. These were meant for trainees to reflect on certain aspects of their translating. The most relevant ones were the identification of translation problems and the justification of their solutions. Both aspects were addressed by a twofold question aimed at helping students to identify adequately-solved problems and to justify their solutions. An analysis of students’ answers to this question reveals that the most frequently identified items were strategically relevant problems to do with general conventions of style and genre-specific expressions. Solutions to these problems were also the most frequently justified, and references to successfully applied translation strategies increased from one part of the course to the other as a trace of gradually developing strategic subcompetence.
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Beilis, Natalia. "GERMAN EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF UKRAINE: ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE HISTORICALLY." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 14 (September 9, 2016): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2016.14.171578.
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The article focuses on the fact that the German language learning by pupils in secondary schools of Ukraine depends on creating the appropriate objective conditions of reforming the entire education system and the humanization of the educational process, and taking into account patterns of theory and practice development in this area in the second half of the XX – XXI century.In the article the urgency of modernization of modern content and methods of studying the German language by pupils of secondary schools of Ukraine, made historical – pedagogical analysis of German education in the second half of the XX – XXI century.Particular attention is paid to aspects of leading scientific discourses in the context of national development policy of the German language learning in schools of Ukraine in measurements of its accession to the common European educational space.Article updated those tasks whose solution it entirety provides: 1) upgrading the content of German education at an angle to ensure his child centrism, culture centrism, fundamental and personal-developmental orientation; 2) mobility of updating curricula, textbooks and teaching aids, by raising the level of motivation of teachers, representatives of various government agencies of Ukraine, establishing constructive cooperation between them; 3) improvement in the status of Ukraine in a sphere of German-language education and foreign language education in general (necessary aspects of creating multilingual educational environment).It is emphasized the need for Ukraine of the positive experience in the past in order to develop foreign language education space. This current state of quality of the German language learning depends on identifying further ways of development strategies that are based on national educational traditions and values, experience learning the German language acquired in the process of learning German in the schools in Ukraine. Innovative approaches of content and methodology of the study of German by pupils at schools of Ukraine has a strategic nature and consistent with the national development strategy of foreign language education.The necessity of solving the actual problems posed present to the German- education of pupils in secondary schools in Ukraine is impossible without understanding key trends of research in this area, adequate and interested attitude to the industry by professionals and especially representatives of various government agencies of Ukraine with setting up constructive cooperation between them, which is a prerequisite for the formation of social consciousness of pupils and school leavers with appropriate attitude to the prospects of the German language.Conclusions regarding changes of German national policy in the context of its compliance with the European promotion of Ukraine, development of strategies of the German language learning in secondary schools of Ukraine are viewed in the article.
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Sample, Emily. "Dossier: The Hunger Plan: The Holocaust, Resource Scarcity, and Preventing Genocide in a Changing Climate." Genocide Studies and Prevention 16, no. 1 (July 2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1897.
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Nazi leadership sought to exploit the biological fear of starvation and scapegoat the Jewish population and other “useless eaters” for taking more than their fair share. The Nazis utilized and hyperbolized well-known prejudices against Jewish people, and entrenched narratives of Jewish parasitism as a threat to current and future German lives. In this analysis, food scarcity was one of several reasons for the Holocaust, and the first step to seeking Lebensraum for pure Germans to live to the highest international standard. This article will focus on different aspects of the complex antisemitic rhetoric surrounding issues of resource scarcity, including Hitler’s concept of Lebensraum, the ways in which the Nazi party discussed and understood food, food security, and the memory of World War I, as well as how that rhetoric influenced their policies, including Herbert Backe’s Hunger Plan. This analysis presents the so-called Final Solution as an answer to not only the Nazi’s Jewish problem, but a key aspect to their food security plans as well. Placing this analysis in the context of genocide prevention, the increasing insecurity and pressures climate change places on natural resources must be acknowledged as a trigger for future genocides.
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Khudaverdiieva, Viktoriia. "INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTERNATIONAL VECTORS OF UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY." Scientific journal of Khortytsia National Academy, no. 2022-7 (December 3, 2022): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2022-7-13.
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Internationalization of higher education is entering a new phase. There is a shift from external internationalization with a strong focus on a small elite of mobile students, faculty, and programs to internal internationalization open to all members of the academic community. The purpose of the work is to determine the current trends in the internationalization of higher education in European countries, to examine in detail the aspects of the University of Bologna's activities in the development and implementation of the internationalization strategy, and to identify factors that contribute to its successful implementation OR restrain this process. The article examines the peculiarities of the implementation of the policy of internationalization of higher education in Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Poland. The European experience of implementing internationalization strategies is considered using the example of the University of Economics and Humanities in Warsaw (AEH) (Poland). The main documents regulating the process of internationalization at the interstate level have been analyzed. The author substantiated concepts that determine the internationalization of higher education in various discourses and the concept of internationalization in the field of higher education in international practice. The mechanism of internationalization of higher education is determined, the prerequisites for its implementation are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the specifics of implementing internationalization of higher education in the EU countries (including Poland) in the context of globalization. In the course of the work, the main changes in the process of internationalization in Europe that took place in recent decades were highlighted and described. It was concluded that the process of internationalization, the main goal of which is to improve the quality of education and research activities, is becoming a strategic direction of higher education institutions; close attention begins to be paid to ensuring the conditions for the formation of intercultural competences in all students. The results of the empirical research indicate that the key directions of the university's activity regarding the development of this process are the development of academic mobility of students, the opening of joint educational programs with foreign universities, the development of international research activities. One of the factors stimulating these processes is the development and monitoring of implementing the internationalization strategy. Difficulties in the implementation of this strategy, as before, are of a financial nature, and are also associated with a low level of foreign language proficiency and insufficient motivation of both students and teachers to participate in academic mobility programs and international research projects. The material presented in the article can be useful to employees of international departments of higher education institutions and persons engaged in theoretical and practical research in the field of internationalization development. The results of the study can become the basis for the development and implementation of the strategy of internationalization in domestic universities.
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Linets, Sergei Ivanovich, Ludmila Ivanovna Milyaeva, Aleksandr Sergeevich Linets, Margarita Sergeevna Bogoslavtseva, and Olga Borisovna Maslova. "The development and realization by the nazi leadership of the wehrmacht’s plans of the offensive operation for the spring-summer campaign of 1942 in the south wing of the soviet-german front." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202172768p.455-462.
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The article shows the history of the development by the German High Command of the plans of the Wehrmacht’s offensive operation in the south wing of the Soviet-German front for the spring-summer campaign of 1942. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on some individual aspects of the planning by the Nazi leadership of “Case Blue” (German – Fall Blau) and its subsequent realization. The result of this correction was a quick creation of the two new strategic plans: “Operation Braunschweig” – the offensive against Stalingrad and “Operation Edelweiss” – the offensive against the Caucasus. In the paper, the authors as a conclusion note that such dispersion of the armed forces of the German army led in the end to the shortage of forces for the realization of the both plans and the defeat of the Wehrmacht both in Stalingrad and in the battle of the Caucasus. The victories of the Red Army in those battles resulted in the radical turning-point at the entire Soviet-German front, in the beginning of the liberation of the Soviet territories from the German occupation troops.
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Basenko, Gyulnara, Victoria Baskakova, and Elena Sakharova. "Irony as a characteristic feature of journalists’ speech behaviour." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 11041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127311041.
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This article deals with studying the characteristic features of ironic statements functioning in the speech behaviour of German journalists. The article identifies the strategic aspects of ironic statements in the communicative space of the German-language media discourse. The article reveals the phenomenon of irony from the point of view of the pragmalinguistic approach. The authors analyze the speech behaviour of German journalists according to the speech strategy “the formation of an ironic meaning in the statement”. The tactics by which this strategy is realized in the newspaper texts are discussed in detail. The study covers various newspaper genres and includes the analysis of examples with irony in the journalists’ articles which are particularly characterized by an ironic presentation. Based on the above, it is concluded that irony can be a characteristic feature of journalists’ speech behaviour.
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Velte, Patrick. "Sustainable management compensation and ESG performance – the German case." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.02.
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This paper takes a closer look at sustainable management compensation and the impacton environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in the German two tier system. The empirical quantitative study covers a sample selection of German companies listed on the Prime Standard of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (DAX30, TecDAX, MDAX, SDAX) for the business years 2010-2014 (677 firm-year observations). In order to determine a possible link between nonfinancial indicators of management compensation and ESG performance, a correlation and regression analysis is carried out. On the basis of multiple regressions, non-financial elements (social or environmental aspects) in the management board compensation positively influence ESG performance, as determined by the Asset Four database of Thomson Reuters. This analysis is the first empirical study focusing on a connection between sustainable management board compensation, taking into consideration non-financial aspects, and ESG performance in the German two tier system. Not only users, but also public policy are affected by the findings indicating that national and European regulations on compensation could greatly influence future CSR performance and market reactions. Keywords: ESG performance, stakeholder management, sustainable compensation, corporate governance, management board, non-financial performance indicators. JEL Classification: M40