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Academic literature on the topic 'Germany Rates'

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Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Germany Rates"

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Walter, Nike, Volker Alt, and Markus Rupp. "Lower Limb Amputation Rates in Germany." Medicina 58, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010101.

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Background and Objectives: The current epidemiology of lower limb amputations is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine (1) lower extremity amputation rates as a function of age, gender, and amputation level between 2015 and 2019, (2) main diagnoses indicating amputation, (3) revision rates after lower extremity amputation. Materials and Methods: Lower extremity amputation rates were quantified based on annual Operation and Procedure Classification System (OPS) and International Classifications of Disease (ICD)-10 codes from all German medical institutions between 2015 through 2019, provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis). Results: In 2019, 62,016 performed amputations were registered in Germany. Out of these 16,452 procedures (26.5%) were major amputations and 45,564 patients (73.5%) underwent minor amputations. Compared to 2015, the incidence of major amputations decreased by 7.3% to 24.2/100,000 inhabitants, whereas the incidence of minor amputation increased by 11.8% to 67.1/100,000 inhabitants. Highest incidence was found for male patients aged 80–89 years. Patients were mainly diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (50.7% for major and 35.7% for minor amputations) and diabetes mellitus (18.5% for major and 44.2% for minor amputations). Conclusions: Lower limb amputations remain a serious problem. Further efforts in terms of multidisciplinary team approaches and patient optimization strategies are required to reduce lower limb amputation rates.
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Dziwisch, Alexander, Philippe Krahnhof, and Alexander Zureck. "Empirical determination of sustainable withdrawal rates considering historical yields and inflation rates in Germany." Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft 110, no. 2-3 (September 24, 2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12297-021-00504-1.

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AbstractOn account of the current low interest rate phase, which is most likely to continue in the coming years, the average yields to be achieved in the bond, time deposit and savings product sectors are declining, so that risk-averse investors in particular have few opportunities to generate return-oriented retirement provisions.This scientific article analyzes the level of a possible safe withdrawal rate for diversified pension portfolios, considering historical returns and inflation rates. Consequently, this article provides immediate practical added value for a possible retirement provision.The evaluation is based on the consideration of historical returns of the stock and bond market in Germany. To determine a safe withdrawal rate, the development of portfolios with different compositions and inflation-adjusted withdrawal rates are simulated over periods of 15 to 35 years. In this simulation, the risky part of the portfolio is represented by German equities, the low risk part by German government bonds.To sum up, the empirical results show a maximum safe withdrawal rate of 4%. The underlying portfolio is composed of 50% equities and 50% government bonds. Particularly due to the outlined demographic change in Germany as well as the ongoing low-interest phase, the empirical study can provide significant theoretical and practical insights.
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Vogel, Nina, Denis Gerstorf, Nilam Ram, Jan Goebel, and Gert G. Wagner. "Terminal decline in well-being differs between residents in East Germany and West Germany." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415602561.

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Lifespan research has long been interested in how contexts shape individual development. Using the separation and later reunification of Germany as a kind of natural experiment we examine whether and how living and dying in the former East or West German context has differentially shaped late-life development of well-being. We apply multi-level growth models to annual reports of life satisfaction collected over 20+ years since German reunification from 4,159 deceased participants in the Socio-Economic Panel ( NWest= 3,079, Mage at death = 73.90, 47% women; NEast= 1,080, Mage at death = 72.23, 48% women). We examine differences between East and West Germany in levels, rates of change, and onset of terminal decline in well-being and the role of age at death, gender, education, disability and time spent in reunification. Analyses revealed that West Germans reported higher life satisfaction than East Germans, and that these differences get smaller both with passing time since reunification and in late life. The gap between East and West Germany diminishes over the last 10 years of life by more than 25%. Taking into account key individual characteristics only slightly attenuated this pattern, with education and age at death moderating late-life well-being level and decline in East Germany. Our results are consistent with long-standing notions that contextual factors shape individual development and illustrate the plasticity of human development. After having experienced disadvantages in life circumstances for up to 40 years through living in East Germany, effects of this natural experiment diminish considerably with passing time since reunification.
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Braun, Sebastian, and Toman Omar Mahmoud. "The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Postwar Germany." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000035.

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This article studies the employment effects of one of the largest forced population movements in history, the influx of millions of German expellees to West Germany after World War II. This episode of forced mass migration provides a unique setting to study the causal effects of immigration. Expellees were not selected on the basis of skills or labor market prospects and, as ethnic Germans, were close substitutes to native West Germans. Expellee inflows substantially reduced native employment. The displacement effect was, however, highly nonlinear and limited to labor market segments with very high inflow rates.
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Hellmann, Jens H., Boris Forthmann, Judith Knausenberger, Deborah F. Hellmann, Jonas H. Rees, Eva Gansel, Mitja D. Back, and Gerald Echterhoff. "Support for Refugee Integration in West and East Germany." Social Psychology 51, no. 2 (March 2020): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000397.

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Abstract. Prior research has reported less favorable attitudes toward and more violent crimes against ethnic out-group members in East (vs. West) Germany. We conducted two pre-registered lost letter studies in West versus East German cities (Study 1, N = 400) and in West versus East German rural areas (Study 2, N = 400). To investigate supportive behavior regarding refugee integration, we manipulated the addressee (refugee-integration vs. immigration-stop projects). Contrary to predictions, letter return rates did not differ between West and East Germany. Across western and eastern German regions, return rates were higher for the refugee-integration project in urban areas while no differences emerged in rural areas. A pooled analysis found greater support for the refugee-integration (vs. immigration-stop) project.
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Hübner, Joachim, Alexander Katalinic, Annika Waldmann, and Klaus Kraywinkel. "Long-term Incidence and Mortality Trends for Breast Cancer in Germany." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 80, no. 06 (June 2020): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1160-5569.

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Abstract Introduction Changes in risk factors and the introduction of mammography screening in 2005 have led to dramatic changes in the breast cancer-associated burden of disease in Germany. This study aimed to investigate long-term disease-related incidence and mortality trends in women from East and West Germany since the reunification of Germany. Methods Total and stage-specific incidence rates were evaluated based on data obtained from selected cancer registries. Sufficiently complete data going back to 1995 were available for 4 East German and 3 West German regions. The figures were weighted for population size, and rates were calculated for the whole of Germany based on the rates for East and West Germany. The study particularly focused on 3 different age groups: women eligible for mammography screening (50 – 69 years), younger women (30 – 49 years) and older women (70+ years). All rates were standardised for age. The mortality rates obtained from the official statistics on cause of death since 1990 were processed accordingly. Results Incidence rates in the observation period increased, as they were affected by the increasing number of cases with early-stage cancers being diagnosed in the screening age group. The total incidence for this group, which included the incidence of non-invasive breast cancers, increased by 14.5% between 2005 and 2016. Early-stage cancers (UICC stages 0 and I) increased by 48.1% while late-stage diagnoses (UICC stages III and IV) decreased by 31.6%. Qualitatively similar changes were noted for the other age groups, although they were less pronounced. The decrease in breast cancer mortality observed since the mid-1990s ended around 2008 for the group of younger women but continued in the screening age group. After 2008, an increase in mortality was observed in the group of older women. The differences in disease burden between East and West Germany (in favour of East Germany) decreased in younger women during the observation period but tended to increase in the group of older women. Conclusion The analysis suggests that the introduction of mammography screening contributed to a decrease in the incidence of advanced-stage breast cancers and in breast cancer-related mortality rates but also resulted in a substantial number of overdiagnoses. The relatively unfavourable incidence trend in the group of younger women, particularly in East Germany, should be interpreted in the context of lifestyle changes. The slight increase in mortality observed in the group of older women after 2008 requires further analysis.
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Auspurg, Katrin, Josef Brüderl, and Thomas Wöhler. "Does Immigration Reduce the Support for Welfare Spending? A Cautionary Tale on Spatial Panel Data Analysis." American Sociological Review 84, no. 4 (July 10, 2019): 754–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419856347.

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There has been a long-lasting debate over whether increasing ethnic diversity undermines support for social welfare, and whether this conflict thesis applies not only to the United States, but also to European welfare states. In their 2016 ASR article, Schmidt-Catran and Spies analyzed a panel (1994 to 2010) of regional units in Germany and concluded that this thesis also holds for Germany. We argue that their analysis suffers from misspecification: their model specification assumes parallel time trends in welfare support in all German regions. However, time trends strongly differed between Western and Eastern Germany after reunification. In the 1990s, Eastern Germans’ attitudes adapted to a less interventionist Western welfare system (“Goodbye Lenin effect”). When allowing for heterogeneous time trends, we find no evidence that increasing proportions of foreigners undermine welfare support, or that this association is moderated by economic hardship (high unemployment rates). We conclude with some general suggestions regarding the conceptualization of context effects in spatial analyses.
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Weyermann, Maria, Silke Knorr, and Saskia E. Drösler. "78 Asthma Admission Rates in Germany." World Allergy Organization Journal 5 (February 2012): S25—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wox.0000411823.62129.eb.

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M�ller, Daniela, Peter Wutzler, and Thomas D. Szucs. "Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rates in Germany." Medizinische Klinik 100, no. 1 (January 2005): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00063-005-1113-2.

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von Oertzen, Christine, and Almut Rietzschel. "Comparing the Post-War Germanies: Breadwinner Ideology and Women's Employment in the Divided Nation, 1948–1970." International Review of Social History 42, S5 (September 1997): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900011483x.

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In 1989, when Germany became reunified after forty years of separation, no one could overlook the fact that East and West Germany differed greatly with regard to the position of women. The most striking difference of all seemed to lie in the rates of female employment: 91 per cent of all East German women under the age of 60 were counted as being employed, compared to only 55 per cent in West Germany.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Germany Rates"

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Lübbert, Christoph, Lisa Zimmermann, Julia Borchert, Bernd Hörner, Reinier Mutters, and Arne C. Rodloff. "Epidemiology and recurrence rates of Clostridium difficile infections in Germany." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213878.

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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of health-care-associated infectious diarrhea. Recurrence rates are as high as 20–30% after standard treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin, and appear to be reduced for patients treated with fidaxomicin. According to the literature, the risk of CDI recurrence increases after the second relapse to 30–65%. Accurate data for Germany are not yet available. Methods: Based on the research database of arvato health analytics (Munich, Germany), a secondary data analysis for the incidence, treatment characteristics and course of CDI was performed. The database included high granular accounting information of about 1.46 million medically insured patients covering the period 2006–2013, being representative for Germany. The analysis was based on new-onset CDI in 2012 in patients which either received outpatient antibiotic therapy for CDI or were hospitalized. Results: The ICD-10 coded incidence of CDI in 2012 was 83 cases per 100,000 population.
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Nitzsche, Dirk. "The term structure of interest rates in the UK and Germany." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307921.

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Flaig, Barbara [Verfasser]. "Corporate Bankruptcies in Germany. : Recovery Rates in Insolvency Plans. / Barbara Flaig." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1238496954/34.

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Richter, Christian. "Learning and the term structure of interest rates in Britain and Germany." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366905.

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Woo, Kai-Yin. "Empirical testing for bubbles during the inter-war European hyperinflations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25424.

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In this thesis, I undertake an empirical search for the existence of price and exchange rate bubbles during the inter-war European hyperinflations of Germany, Hungary and Poland. Since the choice of an appropriate policy to control inflation depends upon the true nature of the underlying process generating the inflation, the existence or non-existence of inflationary bubbles has important policy implications. If bubbles do exist, positive action will be required to counter the public's self-fulfilling expectation of a price surge. Hyperinflationary episodes have been chosen as my case study because of the dominant role that such expectations play in price determination. In the literature, there are frequently expressed concerns about empirical research into bubbles. The existence of model misspecification and the nonlinear dynamics in the fundamentals under conditions of regime switching may lead to spurious conclusions concerning the existence of bubbles. Furthermore, some stochastic bubbles may display different collapsing properties and consequently appear to be linearly stationary. Thus, the evidence against the existence of bubbles may not be reliable. In my thesis, I attempt to tackle the above empirical problems of testing for the existence of bubbles using advances in testing procedures and methodologies. Since the number of bubble solutions is infinite in the rational expectations framework, I adopt indirect tests, rather than direct tests, for the empirical study. From the findings of my empirical research, the evidence for stationary specification errors and the nonlinearity of the data series cannot be rejected, but the evidence for the existence of price and exchange rate bubbles is rejected for all the countries under study. It leads to the conclusion that the control of the inter-war European hyperinflations was attributable to control of the fundamental processes, since the dynamics of prices and exchange rates for these countries might not be driven by self-fulfilling expectations.
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Ohainski, Aenne. "The euro effect – the impact of EU bilateral real exchange rates on German net FDI : evidence from Germany and seven EU-countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44384.

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In literature it has been stated that in times of low capital barriers policies can impact real exchange rates (RERs) and, it has been shown that RERs influence foreign direct investment (FDI). As inward FDI is a growth stimulating factor for the German economy and as more than a third of inward FDI stems from countries in the European Union (EU), this study investigates the RER-FDI link between Germany and seven EU countries. The impact of bilateral RERs between Germany and seven EU countries on German net FDI inflows is examined for the period 1974-2018. Further, it is investigated how the euro introduction in 1999 affected the RER-FDI links. Using Ordinary Least Squares models it is found that in the pre-euro period a real German currency appreciation led to decreases in net FDI from most economies in scope. This negative RER-FDI link endures for the non-euro countries Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom after the euro introduction. France, Italy, and Spain, euro countries, are subject to the euro-effect: the negative RER-FDI link changes to a positive link with the euro introduction. This phenomenon indicates an altering investment behavior. The results are strengthened by a panel estimation as robustness check. As the euro-effect was not discovered in previous studies nor is a theory established explaining the altering investment behavior of euro firms, this thesis suggests an alternative explanation.
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Theel, Thomas M. "The relation between currency value and stock returns evidence from Germany /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/theelt/thomastheel.pdf.

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Biewald, Anne. "A dynamic life cycle model for Germany with unemployment uncertainty." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3311/.

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This work analyzes the saving and consumption behavior of agents faced with the possibility of unemployment in a dynamic and stochastic life cycle model. The intertemporal optimization is based on Dynamic Programming with a backward recursion algorithm. The implemented uncertainty is not based on income shocks as it is done in traditional life cycle models but uses Markov probabilities where the probability for the next employment status of the agent depends on the current status. The utility function used is a CRRA function (constant relative risk aversion), combined with a CES function (constant elasticity of substitution) and has several consumption goods, a subsistence level, money and a bequest function.
Diese Arbeit modelliert das Spar- und Konsumverhalten von Individuen in Deutschland mit einem Lebenszyklusmodell. Dabei hat das Modell zwei Besonderheiten, erstens trifft die Möglichkeit arbeitslos zu werden nicht jeden Agenten des Models mit der gleichen Wahrscheinlichkeit, sondern wird von Bildungsabschluss und dem Beschäftigungsstatus des Agenten beeinflußt und zweitens weicht die verwendete Nutzenfunktion von den Standardnutzenfunktionen ab und implementiert Vererbung, Geld, verschiedene Güter und Subsistenzlevel. Der Optimierungsalgorithmus basiert auf Dynamischer Programmierung.
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Osterday, Elyse Rene. "Government Policy and Total Fertility Rates: An Analysis of Germany in Stage Five of the Demographic Transition Model." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1383228026.

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Vikuk, Veronika [Verfasser], Jochen [Gutachter] Krauss, and Jana [Gutachter] Petermann. "Epichloë endophyte-grass symbioses in Germany – Infection rates, alkaloid concentrations and possible intoxication risks / Veronika Vikuk ; Gutachter: Jochen Krauss, Jana Petermann." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122063414X/34.

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Books on the topic "Germany Rates"

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Fund, International Monetary, ed. EMU and long interest rates in Germany. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1996.

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Favero, Carlo A. Monetary policy, forward rates and long rates: Does Germany differ from the United States? London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Hock, Klaus. Die Gesetzgebung des Rates der Volksbeauftragten. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1987.

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Rat, Cologne (Germany). Beschlüsse des Rates der Stadt Köln, 1320-1550. Düsseldorf: Droste, 1988.

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Wedd, Barclays de Zoete. The bond rate reference guide: The UK and Germany 1995. New York: Barclays de Zoete Wedd, 1996.

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Kreuzberg, Martin. Spot prices of electricity in Germany and other European countries. München: Industrieverlag, 2001.

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Galka, Sebastian. Parlamentarismuskritik und Grundgesetz: Parlamentarismuskonzeptionen in der Verfassungsdiskussion desParlamentarischen Rates 1948/1949. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014.

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Semenova, Irina S. Test of the monetary model for the case of Russia, 1992-1993 and Germany 1991-1993. Vienna: Institut für Höhere Studien/Institute for Advanced Studies, 1994.

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F, Larson Donald, ed. Abolishing green rates: The effects on cereals, sugar, and oilseeds in West Germany. Washington DC (1818 H Street, NW, Washington DC 20433): International Economics Dept., The World Bank, 1991.

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1934-, Nicolaisen Carsten, Schulze Nora Andrea, Evangelische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte., and Evangelisches Zentralarchiv in Berlin (Germany), eds. Die Protokolle des Rates der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Germany Rates"

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Müller, Matthias. "Endogenous Money and Interest Rates in Germany." In Foundations of European Central Bank Policy, 35–48. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50302-3_3.

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Zettelmeyer, Jeromin. "EMU and Long Interest Rates in Germany." In European Monetary Union, 13–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59039-9_2.

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Favero, Carlo A., Fabrizio Iacone, and Marco Pifferi. "Monetary Policy, Forward Rates and Long Rates: Does Germany Differ from the United States?" In Monetary Policy and Interest Rates, 198–231. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26891-7_8.

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Chadha, Jagjit S., and Joe A. Ganley. "Monetary Policy, Inflation Persistence and the Term Structure of Interest Rates: Estimates for the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States." In Monetary Policy and Interest Rates, 163–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26891-7_7.

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Schnabel, Reinhold. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Germany." In IMISCOE Research Series, 179–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_12.

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Abstract Migration patterns in Germany have changed considerably during the post-war period. The active recruitment of “guest workers” stopped during the 1970s and was replaced by family reunification. Two big crisis-driven immigration waves swept Germany, following the collapse of Yugoslavia and the crises in the countries from Syria to Afghanistan. These immigration waves triggered legislation aimed at reducing immigration incentives, especially in the asylum law. From the early 2000s on, German policy turned more liberal following the EU Directives on freedom of movement and for highly qualified persons from non-EEA countries. Migration patterns changed dramatically, with EEA countries becoming the leading source of German immigration. EEA countries replaced the Anglo-Saxon immigration countries as the leading sources and destinations of migration. It is reassuring for economic policy that EU migrants, notably from Bulgaria and Romania, display high levels of employment and have boosted German employment, while unemployment rates reached historic lows. During the past decades, migration obstacles for EEA citizens have been lowered or abolished. Main obstacles to immigration of non-EEA citizens persist due to the restrictive law on residence permits. As a result, student visas, academic credentials, or family reunification are the main legal pathways to Germany. Given the difficulty to proof the equivalence of a foreign non-academic degree, it is far more promising for persons from third countries to apply for asylum with the chance to get a permanent residence permit after several years as a tolerated migrant.
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Willms, Manfred. "Fiscal Deficits, Interest Rates and Monetary Policy in West Germany." In Macroeconomic Policy and Economic Interdependence, 87–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19678-4_3.

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Polasek, W., and L. Ren. "A Multivariate GARCH-M Model for Exchange Rates in the US, Germany and Japan." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 355–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57280-7_39.

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Höper, Heinrich. "Carbon and nitrogen mineralisation rates of fens in Germany used for agriculture. A review." In Wetlands in Central Europe, 149–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05054-5_8.

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Rietzler, Katja, Andrew Watt, and Ekaterina Juergens. "3. Germany Lacks Political Will to Finance Needed Public-Investment Boost." In Financing Investment in Times of High Public Debt, 51–68. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0386.03.

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After more than a decade of weak public investment, Germany has accumulated a substantial public-investment backlog. The requirements for additional public investment in the next decade are likely in the range of €600 to 800bn, which would imply a further commitment of 1.6 to 2.1% of GDP each year. The current fiscal situation is relatively favourable on the financing side but will tighten already from 2024, as debt-brake constraints are applied, reserves have been used up, interest rates have risen and, in the medium term, debt servicing from additional borrowing during the period in which national and EU fiscal rules were suspended falls due. Despite rhetorical commitments to higher public investment, which voters support, there is a lack of political will to agree on the tax increases or additional borrowing needed for a substantial medium-term investment boost. Also, RRF spending, which makes only a minor contribution in Germany, will expire in 2026.
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Habermann, Julia, and Louisa Zech. "The COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Prevention Measures, Protest and the Impact on Crime Rates." In Covid-19, Society and Crime in Europe, 197–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13562-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Germany Rates"

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McGrory, Marita Margarita. "Did the Bologna Process contribute to improving international students’ success rates in Germany’s HEIs? Twenty years of success rates in Germany: how the Bologna Process impacts on the success rates of International and German students." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11144.

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Low success rates are a thorn in the side of any Higher Education Institute (HEI). With increasing aspirations of attracting international students to Germany (HRK 2020), the international students’ success rates are worthy of a review. For it reflects on how internationalisation processes, such as the Bologna Process, impact on success rates and whether the changing structures attract international students. We used the German administrative data, covering twenty years, to create this cross-cohort analysis of student success rates. By creating a common finishing point-in-time, the combined success rates of diplom and bachelor students in mechanical engineering show that the synchronised success rates for the increasing number of international students are not just comparable, but better than those of the German students.
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Thöle, Marie, and Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle. "Life expectancy and mortality rates in Poland and Germany — a comparative analysis." In International Days of Statistics and Economics 2019. Libuše Macáková, MELANDRIUM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2019.los.186.154.

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Schröder, Frederik. "Why House Prices Increased in the COVID-19 Recession: Evidence from Germany." In Konfrence doktorandů. Vysoká škola finanční a správní, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/kd-2023-10.

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After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, real estate prices in Germany have risen significantly. This happened unexpectedly because several macroeconomic determinants pointed to a fall in property prices during this period. This provides an extraordinary opportunity to empirically investigate the particular connection between interest rates and real estate prices. The aim of the contribution is to verify the real interest rate hypothesis. This study performs a time series regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The time series ranges from 2017Q1 to 2021Q1. The results confirm that the long-term real interest rate might have a negative and significant impact on the growth rate of property prices after the factors of economic growth and unemployment have been controlled. The endogeneity is largely eliminated through an experimental design. The results have far-reaching practical implications for housing policy and for ways to solve the problem of housing affordability.
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Simard, J., M. Rossides, and E. Arkema. "S5D:6 Serious infection rates in systemic lupus erythematosus: a swedish population-based assessment." In 11th European Lupus Meeting, Düsseldorf, Germany, 21–24 March 2018, Abstract presentations. Lupus Foundation of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2018-abstract.32.

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Sarachuk, Kirill, and Magdalena Missler. "Broadband development and firm creation: Dif-in-dif estimates for Germany." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001527.

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Although some of the outcomes of the digital transformation are reflected in the scientific literature, the connection between high-speed internet transmission rates and firm entries is still poorly studied. While some positive impact of basic broadband availability in Germany was found in our previous studies, in this paper we decided to examine the effects of better broadband coverage between 2014 and 2019 (second implementation phase of EU Digital Agenda) by applying dif-in-dif method. Except for ICT firms in district areas and a whole sample of firms in production sector, our dif-in-dif estimates seem to be statistically insignificant. That supports a view that just a certain speed of internet is necessary for the entrepreneurial milieu, while higher transmission rates are beneficial only in some particular cases.
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Wincup, C., and A. Rahman. "PS8:157 Identifying the rates of iron deficiency and anaemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus." In 11th European Lupus Meeting, Düsseldorf, Germany, 21–24 March 2018, Abstract presentations. Lupus Foundation of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2018-abstract.200.

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Usherwood, David, and Lauren Roberts. "P10-A128 Trending of contamination rates across NHSBT eye banks." In Abstracts from the 2023 Annual Meeting of the European Eye Bank Association (Aachen, Germany - 2-4 March 2023). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-eeba.10.

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Hampel, Regina, Alexandra Schneider, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Jens Baumert, Karoline Lukaschek, Annette Peters, and Susanne Breitner. "OP II – 5 Impact of meteorological parameters on suicide rates: a case-crossover study in southern germany (1990–2006)." In ISEE Young 2018, Early Career Researchers Conference on Environmental Epidemiology – Together for a Healthy Environment, 19–20 March 2018, Freising, Germany. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-iseeabstracts.9.

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Herlyn, K., WL Gross, and E. Reinhold-Keller. "THU0323 The incidence rates of anca-associated vasculitides in northern germany (schleswig-holstein) remain stable between 1998 to 2014." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.3283.

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Scheffel, Bert, Christoph Metzner, and Thomas Modes. "Spotless arc activated high-rate deposition using novel dual crucible technology for titanium dioxide coatings." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.14-17.

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For deposition of thin oxide coatings there are a lot of qualified PVD processes today. If high productivity or large-area coating is necessary for economic reasons processes with high deposition rate are reasonable. Using electron beam (EB) evaporation all inorganic materials can be evaporated with high rates. Microstructure of coatings deposited by EB-evaporation depends on substrate temperature during layer growth and melting temperature of coating material. Particularly in case of high melting materials columnar and porous microstructure is obtained. For large area coating several plasma sources have been developed in order to enhance energy of condensing particles and to get denser layer microstructure.Spotless arc Activated Deposition (SAD) combines electron beam high-rate evaporation using axial gun and a spotless arc discharge burning in metal vapor on hot evaporating cathode [2]. The SAD process is suitable for evaporation of high-melting metals like titanium, zirconium or tantalum providing high deposition rate up to 2000 nm/s. Moreover plasma-activation enables reactive mode of operation and deposition of oxides, nitrides or other compounds with a high rate in the range of 20 to 100 nm/s. A Spotless arc is an arc discharge burning in metal vapor which is obtained if the cathode temperature is high enough to enable high thermionic electron emission current density. Spotless mode results in relatively low cathodic arc current density and droplets known from arc evaporators with cold cathode are completely avoided [3]. Nevertheless high DC arc current up to 2000 A is possible.Recent work has shown that SAD process is well suited for deposition of titanium dioxide coatings based on evaporation of titanium and reactive processing in oxygen atmosphere [4]. TiO2 layers were deposited at very high deposition rates between 40 and 70 nm/s. Depending on process conditions amorphous coatings or crystalline phases were obtained. Coatings consisting of anatase phase show very good properties concerning photoinduced superhydrophilicity and photocatalysis. Transparent layers with high refractive indexes in the range of 2.30 and 2.58 could be reached.
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Reports on the topic "Germany Rates"

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Hevia, Constantino, and Juan Pablo Nicolini. Research Insights: Do Primary Commodity Prices Account for the Fluctuations of Exchange Rates? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004605.

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We explicitly derive a relationship between bilateral real exchange rates and primary commodity prices in a model that highlights the role of heterogeneity in production structures across countries. Fluctuations of just a few primary commodity prices account for between one third and one half of the volatility of the bilateral exchange rates of the United States against Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Once we calibrate our quantitative model with data from input-output matrices and shocks to generate the observed commodity price fluctuations, our model delivers the same volatility and persistence of real exchange rates as in the data.
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Morwinsky, Saskia, Natalie Nitsche, and Enrique Acosta. Additional information for “COVID-19 fatality in Germany: demographic determinants of variation in case-fatality rates across and within German federal states during the first and second waves”. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-tr-2021-002.

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Favero, Carlo, Francesco Giavazzi, and Luigi Spaventa. High Yields: The Spread on German Interest Rates. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5408.

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Giovannini, Alberto. The Macroeconomics of Exchange-rate and Price-level Interactions: Empirical Evidence for West Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2544.

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Lißner, Sven, Stefan Huber, and Maike von Harten. Influence of the cycling campaign CITY CYCLING on cycling behaviour in Germany. TU Dresden, Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften 'Friedrich List', 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2023.65.

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The CITY CYCLING (STADTRADELN) campaign has been running since 2008 to motivate German citizens to use the bicycle for daily mobility routines. In the course of the MOVEBIS research project, nationwide GPS data of the CITY CYCLING participants were collected in the years 2018-2020 and were processed for planning purposes. This contribution addresses the question to which extent the participants in the CITY CYCLING campaign represent cyclists in the Federal Republic of Germany and whether the motivation during the campaign leads to a significant change in mobility behaviour. For this purpose, more than 73,000 complete questionnaires of campaign participants from a survey in the year 2020 were evaluated. The age and gender distribution of app users and non-users of the campaign are corresponding to those of cyclists from representative household surveys in Germany (MiD 2017). App users and non app users differ only insignificantly from each other and are, on average, rather older than in the cycling participants of nationwide MiD survey. The results reveal that the smartphone has no significant influence on the cycling behaviour of the users. The survey participants are regular cyclists. Around 88% of the respondents use the bicycle most frequently in everyday life, followed by the private car (national average) and public transport (in large cities). The influence of the campaign on the level of utilisation or the number of kilometres travelled by bike can be described as rather low, overall. Whereas 65% of the participants stated that they cycled to work just as often as outside the campaign period, 19% of the respondents used the bicycle less often for commuting and 16% more often. The results indicate that the CITY CYCLING campaign captures and represents the everyday transport behaviour of participants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants used their bicycles significantly more often (73%). The perception of safety is consistently high. The campaign was rated very positively and the majority of users (91%) would participate again or rather recommend the campaign to others (78%).
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228465.

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The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis), native to the southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico, has become a major economic threat to the grape and wine industry of California, USA, due to its role as a vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. This pest has also spread to Hawaii, Cook Islands, Easter Island and French Polynesia. In California, chemical control measures have led to imidacloprid resistance, necessitating sustainable management options. Classical biological control has been effective, particularly using egg parasitoids from the genus Cosmocomoidea. The most successful species, Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi, has achieved parasitism rates of 80-100% and significantly reduced H. vitripennis populations in California and French Polynesia. Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi offers complementary control, particularly in cooler regions. These parasitoids present promising long-term solutions for managing H. vitripennis populations.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Red necked longicorn, Aromia bungii (Faldermann). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228447.

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The red necked longicorn (RNL), Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), originates from eastern Asia and has become an invasive pest in Japan, Germany and Italy. Predominantly attacking stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.), RNL larvae tunnel within the cambium layer, disrupting sap flow and potentially killing the host tree. The pest poses a significant threat to both fruit production and wood production. It is considered a quarantine species in Europe, capable of spreading through wood products and plants for planting. There has been no classical biological control implemented against RNL. However, potential natural enemies include the generalist parasitoids Sclerodermus guani and Sclerodermus harmandi (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). S. guani has shown a parasitism rate of 43% in laboratory studies and has been used in China for controlling forest pests. Other potential natural enemies include generalist predators and parasitoids, such as Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae), which has been used in combination with entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control in China, and species of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae. Despite their potential, the broad host range of these natural enemies raises concerns about non-target effects.
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Ochiltree, Kasey, and Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender Analysis of the Impact of Recent Humanitarian Crises on Women, Men, Girls, and Boys in Puntland State in Somalia. Oxfam, KAALO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7482.

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Situated in a complex region of the world, Puntland State in Somalia is dealing with a range of threats and instabilities such as droughts, floods, locusts, the movement of internally displaced people (IDPs), and armed actors. COVID-19 has added yet another strain on its tremendously fragile infrastructure. The impact of the pandemic has been far reaching, affecting livelihoods and hampering unpaid and underpaid care work and responsibilities. The multitude of crises and rates of inflation have left the majority of families food insecure and without income, halted education and health services, and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and the incidence of violence. This gender analysis was conducted and funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO), in partnership with Oxfam in Somalia and KAALO, to better help local government bodies, agencies, NGOs, and INGOs grasp the differentiated impact of the crises on women, men, boys, and girls, and host and IDP communities, during this time of intense loss and instability. The analysis provides an overview of the experiences of the affected communities, and gives recommendations on how to address immediate concerns and plan future programming.
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Kaisler, Raphaela, and Thomas Palfinger. Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE): Funding, facilitating and evaluating participatory research approaches in Austria. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.551.

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The LBG OIS Center established a new Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) Implementation program aiming at ‘active involving’ public members in research across different phases of the research cycle – from setting the agenda to disseminating results – and its governance. The program offers funding and facilitation of these PPIE activities. The first PPIE pilot call was launched in Autumn 2020. It supports researchers in Austria with up to EUR 60.000 in order to implement their PPIE activities. In addition, the program offers support in the form of consultation, training, knowledge exchange and networking opportunities. One important characteristic of the selection process is the composition of the expert panel, bringing together transdisciplinary expertise from different areas (scientific experts, patients, and students). The expert panel recommended 11 out of 25 PPIE projects for funding (success rate 44%). 45% of the applicants participated in the support offers prior to the call and 52% in the continuing support offer after the call had been closed. Based on our online surveys, overall, participants were very satisfied with the support offers. Learnings of the first call address the eligibility of applicants. In the selection meeting, we found that different understandings of ‘active involvement’ were negotiated among experts. However, this was not a problem due to the open and collaborative atmosphere and mutual learning opportunity for experts. The panel suggested opening the call to non-research bodies, which indicates small changes in the application format – e.g. video and text-based applications in German and English. Despite of small adaptions in the second PPIE Pilot Call 2021, it seems that the funding instrument was appropriate and reflects a low-threshold offering for researchers introducing public involvement activities in their work.
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Granot, David, Richard Amasino, and Avner Silber. Mutual effects of hexose phosphorylation enzymes and phosphorous on plant development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587223.bard.

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Research objectives 1) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in tomato and Arabidopsis plants 2) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in pho1 and pho2 Arabidopsis mutants 3) Clone and analyze the PHO2 gene 4) Select Arabidopsis mutants resistant to high and low P 5) Analyze the Arabidopsis mutants and clone the corresponding genes 6) Survey wild tomato species for growth characteristics at various P levels Background to the topic Hexose phosphorylating enzymes, the first enzymes of sugar metabolism, regulate key processes in plants such as photosynthesis, growth, senescence and vascular transport. We have previously discovered that hexose phosphorylating enzymes might regulate these processes as a function of phosphorous (P) concentration, and might accelerate acquisition of P, one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. These discoveries have opened new avenues to gain fundamental knowledge about the relationship between P, sugar phosphorylation and plant development. Since both hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P levels affect plant development, their interaction is of major importance for agriculture. Due to the acceleration of senescence caused by the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P concentration, traits affecting P uptake may have been lost in the course of cultivation in which fertilization with relatively high P (30 mg/L) are commonly used. We therefore intended to survey wild tomato species for high P-acquisition at low P soil levels. Genetic resources with high P-acquisition will serve not only to generate a segregating population to map the trait and clone the gene, but will also provide a means to follow the trait in classical breeding programs. This approach could potentially be applicable for other crops as well. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Our results confirm the mutual effect of hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P level on plant development. Two major aspects of this mutual effect arose. One is related to P toxicity in which HXK seems to play a major role, and the second is related to the effect of HXK on P concentration in the plant. Using tomato plants we demonstrated that high HXK activity increased leaf P concentration, and induced P toxicity when leaf P concentration increases above a certain high level. These results further support our prediction that the desired trait of high-P acquisition might have been lost in the course of cultivation and might exist in wild species. Indeed, in a survey of wild species we identified tomato species that acquired P and performed better at low P (in the irrigation water) compared to the cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum species. The connection between hexose phosphorylation and P toxicity has also been shown with the P sensitive species VerticordiaplumosaL . in which P toxicity is manifested by accelerated senescence (Silber et al., 2003). In a previous work we uncovered the phenomenon of sugar induced cell death (SICD) in yeast cells. Subsequently we showed that SICD is dependent on the rate of hexose phosphorylation as determined by Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase. In this study we have shown that hexokinase dependent SICD has many characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) (Granot et al., 2003). High hexokinase activity accelerates senescence (a PCD process) of tomato plants, which is further enhanced by high P. Hence, hexokinase mediated PCD might be a general phenomena. Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including tomato. Senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to B. cinerea infection and delaying leaf senescence might reduce this susceptibility. It has been suggested that B. cinerea’s mode of action may be based on induction of precocious senescence. Using tomato plants developed in the course of the preceding BARD grant (IS 2894-97) and characterized throughout this research (Swartzberg et al., 2006), we have shown that B. cinerea indeed induces senescence and is inhibited by autoregulated production of cytokinin (Swartzberg et al., submitted). To further determine how hexokinase mediates sugar effects we have analyzed tomato plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) grown at different P levels in the irrigation water. We found that Arabidopsis hexokinase mediates sugar signalling in tomato plants independently of hexose phosphate (Kandel-Kfir et al., submitted). To study which hexokinase is involved in sugar sensing we searched and identified two additional HXK genes in tomato plants (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006). Tomato plants have two different hexose phosphorylating enzymes; hexokinases (HXKs) that can phosphorylate either glucose or fructose, and fructokinases (FRKs) that specifically phosphorylate fructose. To complete the search for genes encoding hexose phosphorylating enzymes we identified a forth fructokinase gene (FRK) (German et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of the four tomato HXK and four FRK enzymes has been determined using GFP fusion analysis in tobacco protoplasts (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006; Hilla-Weissler et al., 2006). One of the HXK isozymes and one of the FRK isozymes are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria while the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. We concluded that HXK and FRK are spatially separated in plant cytoplasm and accordingly might play different metabolic and perhaps signalling roles. We have started to analyze the role of the various HXK and FRK genes in plant development. So far we found that LeFRK2 is required for xylem development (German et al., 2003). Irrigation with different P levels had no effect on the phenotype of LeFRK2 antisense plants. In the course of this research we developed a rapid method for the analysis of zygosity in transgenic plants (German et al., 2003).
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