Journal articles on the topic 'Germany – International – Israel'
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Bikard, Arielle Fridson. "Reading Mirrors: Reception of the Israeli Wall in the German Media, 2003-2004." German Politics and Society 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2011.290102.
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In what way does national history shape the interpretation of international events in that country's media? Germany has always had a particularly sensitive and complex relationship with Israel. The Holocaust left such a scar on German identity that the country cannot consider Israel without confronting its own history. In Israel, Germany sees a “reflection“ of its own historical and symbolic space. In this article, I draw together a close reading of major German newspapers with more interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives in order to illuminate the mechanism of what I call “mirror reading,“ and especially to reveal its workings during what I consider a key shift in the discourse on German identity. The German print media, which I treat as the activating agent in German narration of national identity, plays a central role in this reflection by projecting national symbols onto Israel. In particular, I identify the initial reception of the Israeli wall (2003-2004) as a turning point in the debate on German self-understanding after the Holocaust. I establish that there are two extremes in a continuum of how German national history can frame the Israeli wall, one making Germany an active agent and the other a passive one. Employing national symbols in the media distorts the domestic perception of foreign events. My study casts a first light on this little understood—but nonetheless crucial—phenomenon.
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Herf, Jeffrey. "“At War with Israel”: East Germany’s Key Role in Soviet Policy in the Middle East." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 3 (July 2014): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00450.
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The Middle East was one of the crucial battlefields of the global Cold War between the Soviet Union and the West; it was also a region in which East Germany played a salient role in the Soviet bloc’s antagonism toward Israel. From 1953, when the German Democratic Republic (GDR) signed its first trade agreement with Egypt, until 1989, when the Communist regime in the GDR collapsed, East Germany opposed the state of Israel and supported Israel’s enemies in the Arab world, providing arms, training, and other support to countries and terrorist groups that sought to destroy Israel. From the mid-1960s until 1989, but especially from 1967 to the mid-1980s, both the Soviet Union and the GDR were in an undeclared state of war against Israel.
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Elias, Nelly. "LIVING IN GERMANY, LONGING FOR ISRAEL." East European Jewish Affairs 35, no. 2 (December 2005): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501670500370181.
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Sullivan, Rory. "Germany and Israel: Whitewashing and Statebuilding." Asian Affairs 51, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2020.1794589.
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Pande, Vivek. "A comparative study of reciprocity in international physician licensing." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-06-2014-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the international mobility of physicians by comparing the regulations governing the practice of foreign physicians in the USA and eight other countries. Design/methodology/approach – This is a comparative study of the regulations governing the practice of foreign physicians in eight countries: China, India, the Philippines, the UK, Germany, Denmark, Israel and Australia. Their requirements are then contrasted with the USA’s requirements for foreign physician licensure to evaluate the extent of reciprocity among these countries. We conclude the paper by outlining some recommendations to increase the international mobility of physicians in the future. Findings – The results indicate that licensure for US physicians to practice in the nations above ranges from impossible (India), to difficult (China), to moderately difficult (the UK, Germany and Denmark), to easy and completely reciprocal (Australia, Israel and the Philippines). Originality/value – The results and recommendations in this study are a valuable starting point for further research and policy changes that will ensure a more reciprocal relationship between the USA and other countries, in terms of opportunities for international medical practice.
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KOSTRZEWA-ZORBAS, Grzegorz. "GERMAN REPARATIONS TO POLAND FOR WORLD WAR II ON GLOBAL BACKGROUND." National Security Studies 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/sbn/132131.
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No other country in the world suffered a greater measurable and verifiable loss of human and material resources than Poland during World War II in 1939-1945. According to the first approximation, the value of human and material losses inflicted to Poland by Nazi Germany amounts to 6.495 trillion US dollars of 2018.However, Poland never received war reparations from Germany. The article is a preliminary survey of the complex issue – conducted in an interdisciplinary way combining elements of legal, economic, and political analysis, because the topic belongs to the wide and multidisciplinary field of national and international security. Refuted in the article is an internationally popular myth that communist Poland unilaterally renounced German war reparations in 1953. Then the article discusses the global background of the topic in the 20th and 21st centuries – in particular, the case of Greece whose reparations claims Germany rejects like the Polish claims, and major cases of reparations actually paid: by Germany for World War I, by Germany to Israel and Jewish organizations for the Holocaust, by Japan for World War II – at 966 billion US dollars of 2018, the largest reparations ever – and by and Iraq for the Gulf War. The article concludes with a discussion of necessary further research with advanced methodology of several sciences, and of a possible litigation before the International Court of Justice – or a diplomatic solution to the problem of war reparations.
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Stern, Fritz, and Lily Gardner Feldman. "The Special Relationship between West Germany and Israel." Foreign Affairs 63, no. 4 (1985): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042324.
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TANKLEVSKA, Nataliya, Alla KARNAUSHENKO, and Victoriya PETRENKO. "Israeli experience of post-war reconstruction of the economy." Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section: Economics, Management and Law 6 (2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2707-8620-2022-6-20-28.
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Objective. The main objective of this article was to study the Israeli experience of post-war economic reconstruction and to define the factors effecting the growth and development of the economy of Israel. Methods. We used such general and specific methods as comparison, analysis, synthesis, graphic method and grouping in order to gain this objective. Results. As a result of this research we defined the main indicators of economic development of Israel and its position in world ratings. We also defined the main indicators of development of Israel as a state, among which are international support, issue of government bonds, reparation from Germany, and development of the New Economic policy, establishment of the Israeli Military Force culture and inflow of human resources. Launching of major infrastructure projects played a significant role in economic recovery, such as water supply system construction, sea ports and processing plants. Moreover, state supported agriculture and light industry. The economy of Israel is highly developed due to support to research and development achievements made by scientists, thus, it is based on gaining new knowledge and its practical implementation. The basis for Israel’s economic miracle is science, the development and implementation of new technologies with their further adaption for real manufacturing. Israel’s experience is a valuable example of post-war reconstruction of a country and the way to bring the country out of ruins. It is worth taking Israeli experience into account while developing Ukraine’s Marshall Plan when it goes about taxation, state production support, human capital accumulation, development of innovations and their implementation into processing industry. Scientific novelty. In the research the authors proved that the phenomenon of Israel’s economic miracle is unique and its experience is a positive example of how to make the economy innovative out of nothing. Practical significance. The research defined the factors effecting the establishment of the economy of Israel. These factors may be used in the Ukrainian reality, while developing the recovery plan. Key words: economy competitiveness, innovative economy, technology and innovation, post-war reconstruction, international experience, global economy, development.
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Ivanov, Aleksandr. "Something there is that doesn’t love a wall… (Notes on the 16th Venice Architecture Biennale 2018)." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (2) (2019): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.1.5.
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The article reviews two exhibitions presented at the Israeli and German pavilions at the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale,where the 16th International Architecture Exhibition was themed and titled as FREESPACE.The Manifesto,written by Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara, the chief curators of the Biennale, proclaimed, among other things, that FREESPACE provides its participants with «…freedom to imagine the free space of time and memory, binding past, present and future together, building on inherited cultural layers, weaving the archaic with the contemporary…» In accordance with the Manifesto, the curators of the Israeli exhibition named In Statu Quo: Structures of Negotiation attempted to deconstruct, in the historical and architectural perspective,the stages of interfaith struggle for holy sites in Israel and on the West Bank of the Jordan River. The German exhibition Unbuilding Walls was dedicated to the twenty-eighth anniversary of the destruction of the Berlin Wall. One of its key exhibits was the visual installation Wall of Opinions, composed of video interviews with residents of various countries, including Israel, where demarcation lines (all kinds of walls, fences, barriers) still exist today, turning «free spaces» into exclusion zones. Both exhibitions convincingly showed the political and social problems that the modern society faces when attempting to create «free spaces» for informal interaction between diverse ethnic and social groups in different countries. Moreover, the exhibition of the Israeli pavilion clearly points at the hidden dangers of new demarcation barriers when the sides of interethnic and interconfessional conflicts fail to reach an agreement about the status of one or another place, while the curators from Germany, symbolically dismantling the global walls of misunderstanding, give us hope to overcome such problems.
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Becke, Johannes. "Undeclared wars with Israel. East Germany and the West German Far Left, 1967–1989." Journal of Israeli History 37, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2019.1631999.
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Mikhailova, L. K. "Third International Congress on Skeletal Dysplasias 71 (Literature Review)." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 5, no. 3 (September 15, 1998): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto104972.
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In August 1997, the 3rd International Congress on Skeletal Dysplasia was held in Los Angeles, USA. Scientists from Argentina, Belgium, Great Britain, Venezuela, Finland, France, Germany, Egypt, Italy, Israel, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the USA, took part in its work. Recall that the 1st Congress on Skeletal Dysplasias, organized by Prof. A. Poznanski, was held in Chicago in 1993, and the 2nd Congress, organized by Prof. P. Maroteaux, in Versailles in 1995.
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Henderson, Sandy, Ulrike Beland, and Dimitrios Vonofakos. "International Listening Post report summary: the world at the dawn of 2019." Organisational and Social Dynamics 19, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v19n1.2019.121.
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On or around 9 January 2019, twenty-two Listening Posts were conducted in nineteen countries: Canada, Chile, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany (Frankfurt and Berlin), Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy (two in Milan and one in the South), Peru, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the UK. This report synthesises the reports of those Listening Posts and organises the data yielded by them into common themes and patterns.
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Oppermann, Kai, and Mischa Hansel. "The ontological security of special relationships: the case of Germany’s relations with Israel." European Journal of International Security 4, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2018.18.
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AbstractThis article suggests studying special relationships in international politics from an ontological security perspective. It argues that conceptualising the partners to special relationships as ontological security seekers provides a promising theoretical angle to address gaps in our understanding of three important dimensions of such relations: their emergence and stability; the processes and practices of maintaining them; and the power relations within special relations. The article illustrates its theoretical argument in a case study on the German-Israeli relationship. The close partnership between the two countries that has developed since the Holocaust ranks as one of the most remarkable examples of special relationships in the international arena. We argue that foregrounding the ontological security that the special relationship provides, in particular for Germany, sheds important new light on how German-Israeli relations have developed. Specifically, we hold that Germany’s ontological security needs were already an important driver in establishing the relationship and have been a key stabiliser of it ever since; that the ontological security perspective can make sense of three interrelated practices of maintaining the ‘specialness’ of the relationship; and that the asymmetries between the ontological security needs of the two partners help account for Israel’s political leverage in the relationship.
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Avni, Elinore. "CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD FAMILY AND GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT FOR ELDER AND CHILD CARE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.223.
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Abstract Population aging in wealthy western nations has raised concerns about who will provide care to older adults. At the same time, the rise of single parenthood and dual-career families has heightened the need for childcare. As governments and families face challenges in meeting these dual needs, this study compares responses to the question of “who should primarily provide” eldercare and childcare across three countries: the US, Germany and Israel. Analysis of 2012 International Social Survey Programme data reveals that while persons in the US endorse family as care providers to both older adults and children, Israelis endorse government as eldercare providers yet family as the source of childcare provision. German respondents prefer both government and family as childcare providers, yet believe the government should provide eldercare. The paper discusses how cross-national differences in attitudes toward care are associated with cultural and socio-economic characteristics, and highlights implications for policy and practice.
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Ireni-Saban, Liza. "Reaching Empowerment in Genetic Information Regulation in Israel and Germany." Social Policy and Society 8, no. 3 (July 2009): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746409004850.
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This paper explores the challenges for policy makers with respect to the appropriate balance needed between relevant interests, such as private sector organisations, and individuals and communities who share their genetic information. The paper focuses on empowerment as a key strategic concept to which policy instruments purport to advance. The paper offers three frames of references that foster empowerment on personal and community levels, including privacy protection, avoidance of discrimination, and research profits and benefits sharing. Drawing on these themes of empowerment, this article critically compares policy instruments relating to genetic information in Germany and Israel.
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Yehudai, Ori. "The unchosen ones: Diaspora, nation, and migration in Israel and Germany." Journal of Israeli History 38, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2020.1883504.
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Walsh, Gianfranco. "Relationships among immigrant consumers' cultural orientation, innovativeness and opinion leadership." International Marketing Review 39, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2021-0141.
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PurposeThis research examines the direct and indirect effects of immigrant consumers' (heritage vs host) cultural orientation on their opinion leadership, in relation to heritage versus host culture peers. In addition to examining the potential mediation of different exhibitions of innovativeness, the research tests whether the relative size of the immigrant population in a country might affect the relationship of consumers' cultural orientation and opinion leadership.Design/methodology/approachTests of the theoretical arguments rely on data from three samples of more than 1,000 consumers collected from Russian immigrants to three countries–Israel, Germany and the United States.FindingsThis study offers broad support for the foundational theorizing, in that the findings confirm a mediating role of consumer innovativeness. Cultural orientation relates directly to opinion leadership, though only in two countries with a relatively small (Russian) immigrant population, that is, Germany and the United States. Accordingly, these findings have pertinent theoretical and practical implications.Originality/valueLittle research centers on opinion leaders among immigrant consumer segments or details the antecedents of opinion leadership relative to ethnic and immigrant consumer segments. This study contributes to marketing theory and practice by investigating immigrants from Russia who have migrated to Israel, Germany or the United States and by elucidating whether and to what extent their heritage versus host culture orientations exert indirect (via innovativeness) or direct impacts on their opinion leadership, expressed toward heritage and host culture peers.
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Rutherford, W. H. "Definition and Classification of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0004509x.
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An International Working Party on the Definition and Classification of Disasters, sponsored by the International Trauma Foundation, developed recommendations on the definition and classification of disasters. The party consisted of: WHRutherford(Chairman), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast UK; Dr. JacobAdler, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Dr. PeterBaskett, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol UK; Dr.Jan De Boer, Het Nieve Spittal, Warnsveld, Netherlands; Professor BoBrismar, Department of Surgery, Huddinge, Sweden; Dr. Rudolf Frey, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mainz, West Germany; Dr. OlafurJonson, Borgarspitalinn, Reykjavik, Iceland; Dr. StanelyMiles, International Trauma Foundation, Salsbury, UK; Dr. RonaldStewart, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Dr. HenrykZielinski, League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pavlov, N., and K. Khderi. "German Federal Republic and Crisis in Syria: Active Mediator or Passive Observer?" World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-78-86.
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During the Cold War, the involvement of the Federal Republic of Germany into the settlement of regional conflicts was insignificant. The situation started to change after German reunification which lead to the increase in Germany’s role in the international arena. Political, diplomatic and economic instruments started to belong to the main features of German foreign policy in the region and created a positive image among the Arab countries. Today, at first sight, the Middle East does not belong to the top priorities of German foreign policy. However, in the foreign policy hierar¬chy, the region is among the top three after Europe and the United States, ahead of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Berlin’s increased focus on the Middle East is determined by a number of factors. Among them are German historical responsibility towards Jewish people and obligation to ensure Israel’s right to existence and security; dependence of the German economy on energy resources from the Arab countries; region’s proximity to Europe, and such arising threats as terrorism, illegal migration and regional conflicts. In its turn, regional conflicts are a unique opportunity for the Federal Republic of Germany to declare itself as an international mediator and to participate in peace processes on an equal footing with such world powers as the United States of America, Russian Federation or the People’s Republic of China. Maneuvering between the Arab countries and Israel, the United States and the European partners as well as explosive situation in the region lead to decreased efficiency of German policy towards the Arab countries. In such circumstances, is Berlin ready to assume the role of international mediator in this constantly sensitive region, or would it prefer to remain a passive observer? The analysis of Germany’s policy in the region in the context of the Syrian crisis will help to answer the above stated question.
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Roth-Cohen, Osnat. "Immigration Builds a Nation: The Hybrid Impact of European Immigration on the Development of an Advertising Industry." Journal of Communication Inquiry 42, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859918792207.
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This research focuses on the nascent advertising industry in British Mandatory Palestine and how it was influenced and transformed by German Jewish immigrants, who arrived between 1933 and 1939, in a wave of immigration known as the Fifth Aliyah. At the time, local advertising was rather small and undeveloped until the mass wave of immigrants (over 200,000), many highly skilled and educated, came from Central Europe, mainly from Germany. These immigrants played a vital role in the local advertising industry. Their contributions were evaluated using a theoretical model consisting of primary analytical factors—mass communication, economy, technology, society, and international transfer. These factors influenced and continue to influence the form of Israeli advertising industry to this day. German immigration demonstrates a hybrid set of influences that played an instrumental role in the development of the local advertising industry in the Land of Israel. Functional-rational and creative aspects in the advertising industry were radically transformed by these new arrivals. Rethinking media history and centering the immigrant’s unique contribution is an important scholarly objective. This is achieved by shifting the discussion from dominant institutions to the local advertising history and focusing on the functional practices and creative methods imported by immigrants.
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O’Byrne-Maguire, Irene, Ulrike Beland, Rob Stuart, Bryan Maguire, Kamila Wujec, and Dimitrios Vonofakos. "International Listening Posts global report summary: the world at the dawn of 2021." Organisational and Social Dynamics 21, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v21n2.2021.283.
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From 2019, the novel coronavirus or “Covid-19” spread around the globe, bringing death and disruption. On or around 8 January 2021 thirty-six Listening Posts were conducted in twenty-three countries: Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany, India (11 regions in one combined report), Ireland, Israel, Italy (4 LPs), Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, South Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. This global report synthesises twenty-two local reports, extracts general themes and patterns, and offers connections and interpretations. For the first time International Listening Posts were conducted online.
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Haddad, Mahmoud O. "Colonizing Palestine." Contemporary Arab Affairs 13, no. 2 (June 2020): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2020.13.2.100.
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This study compiles historical information to highlight the role played by both East and West European countries in the creation of Israel since before World War I. East European countries, especially Russia, Poland, and Romania, were as effective in this regard as the West Europeans. While racial policies were paramount in East Europe, including Germany, religious and strategic policies were as effective in the West, especially in Britain. Two points can be redrawn in this regard: That the question of Palestine was a Western question on both sides of the continent; it had nothing to do with the Eastern question that engulfed the Ottoman Empire before and during World War I. Additionally while World War II did not start the process of creating Israel, it accelerated it since the United States became an active supporter of the Zionist project. The second conclusion explains why all major powers give so much latitude to Israel, regardless of its constant neglect of international law to this very day.
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Bachleitner, Kathrin. "Diplomacy with Memory: How the Past Is Employed for Future Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy Analysis 15, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 492–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fpa/ory013.
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AbstractThis article suggests that there exists an alternative form of international political behavior between countries who share a common traumatic past: diplomacy with memory. Diplomacy with memory manifests itself as an official, diplomatic team performance that aims at conveying a certain historic image for the purpose of achieving rational aims on the international stage. In a first step, a theoretical and empirical framework is developed that highlights diplomacy with memory as a strategic diplomatic action that does not conform with mainstream IR models of state behavior. In a second step, the new theoretical model is tested on two selected postconflict scenarios: The bilateral negotiations between West Germany and Israel, and between Austria and Israel about eventual reparation payments to the Jewish state in the early 1950s. Extracting the core elements of the diplomacy with memory from these historical examples, this paper suggests amending the toolkit of traditional diplomatic strategies with memory in order to better explain state behavior in other postconflict situations as they emerge.
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Kimhi, Shaul, and Yarden Oliel. "National resilience, country corruption and quality of life: An international study." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 6, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 5430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v6i5.05.
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The present study examines levels of corruption and quality of life as predictors of national resilience among six samples of students from Australia, Germany, Britain, South Korea, Israel and Greece (N=1199). Results indicated that the level of corruption and quality of life index significantly predicted national resilience: the lower the level of corruption and the higher the level of quality of life, the higher the national resilience reported. Comparing the two predictors indicated that the level of corruption is a better predictor of national resilience compared with the quality of life index. This study points to the significant link between national resilience and corruption among low-level countries in the world's corruption hierarchy.
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Czapliński, Władysław. "Palestine v. US before the International Court of Justice?" Polish Review of International and European Law 8, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2019.8.2.02.
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In December 2017, the administration of President D. Trump decided to move the US embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. On 28.09.2018, Palestine initiated proceedings against the US in connection with the said transfer. According to the ICJ Statute, only the parties of concern can take part in the case before the Court. However, it does open the way for non-member countries that had presented a declaration of submission to the Court’s jurisdiction, to observe. If there are any doubts as to the validity or effects of the declarations, they are decided by the ICJ. In the present case, doubts are connected, in particular, with the status of Palestine as a State, with the status of Jerusalem and with the participation in the proceedings of all interested parties. It is unclear whether Palestine meets the criteria of statehood under international law,and the nation is far from being universally recognized. Nor may the GA Resolution 67/19 be viewed as sufficient collective recognition. Furthermore, we do have reasonable doubt as to whether this is sufficient collective recognition to be essentially constitutive of Palestine’s statehood. This situation is not changed by the acceptance by Palestine of the jurisdiction of the ICC nor accession to UNESCO and to a number of international treaties. On the other hand, the jurisdiction of Israel with respect to East Jerusalem is also disputed. Certain international bodies, including the UNSC, have expressed doubts equally regarding the incorporation of Jerusalem into Israel or that Palestine has claim to the city. The mere submission of a claim by Palestine does not prejudge the existence of a legal title to Jerusalem. The legitimation of Palestine to bring to international court a claim is thus disputable under the law on state responsibility. It is probable that the ICJ would avoid rendering a decision on merits of the dispute, doing so by referring to the principle of Monetary Gold that was formulated by the ICJ in a judgment on 15.06.1954 in a dispute between Italy, on the one hand, and Great Britain, France and the US, on the other. The subject of the dispute was the fate of gold owned by the National Bank of Albania, plundered by Germany in Rome in 1943.In accordance with an arrangement concluded at the Paris Conference on German reparations (14.01.1946), all gold found in Germany that was known to have been plundered was to be returned in proportional shares to the States concerned. In the case of Albania, however, difficulties appeared in connection with two issues: claims by some States (in particular Italy) resulting from nationalisation of the National Bank of Albania, and compensation in favour of the UK due to the ICJ judgement in the Corfu Channel. It was disputable whether the gold belonging formerly to Albania could be redistributed among the unsatisfied claimants without the consent of the Albanian State. The Tribunal avoided the problem and decided that it lacked jurisdiction. It refused to render judgment in a situation in which Albania did not participate in the trial; on the other hand, the ICJ has indicated on what terms Albania could join the proceedings. Albania did not meet the conditions, and the Court decided that it was unable to continue the proceeding.
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Boehnke, Klaus, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Fear of war: Relations to values, gender, and mental health in Germany and Israel." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 3, no. 2 (1997): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0302_3.
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Schuch, C. M. "Modern above-knee fitting practice (A report on the ISPO workshop on above-knee fitting and alignment techniques May 15–19, 1987, Miami, USA." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 12, no. 2 (August 1988): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648809078204.
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Introduction During the period of May 15–19, 1987, an International Workshop on Above-Knee Fitting and Alignment Techniques was held in Miami, Florida. Conceived and organized by A. Bennett Wilson, Jr. and Mel Stills, the workshop was supported and sponsored by the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics with the support of the Rehabilitation Research and Development Service of the Veteran's Administration. Hosting the workshop was the Prosthetics and Orthotics Education Programme of the School of Health Sciences, Florida International University, and more specifically, Dr. Reba Anderson, Dean of Health Sciences and Ron Spiers, Director of Prosthetic Orthotic Education. More than 50 physicians, prosthetists, engineers and educators from the United States, England, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Israel, the Netherlands and Germany participated.
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Du Plessis, Daan. "An analysis of crime reporting (and audience perceptions of it) in selected South African media." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 22, no. 1 (October 24, 2022): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v22i1.1805.
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The study on which this article was based was part of an international news study,conducted in 10 countries (Australia, China, Chile, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Russia,South Africa and the USA). In this article, the way in which crime as a topic is dealt within selected news media is explored. Focus group results were also analysed to establishhow people perceive crime reporting. Shoemaker’s theory on news values is applied toanalyse media content and results from focus groups. From the analysis, it emergedthat the media perform a surveillance function on behalf of their audiences and thatthe news media apply regular news values to decide on the reporting and presentationof news items dealing with crime events. Media audiences make practical use ofinformation provided by the media on crime events to take precautions or to becomeaware of dangerous situations and people. Shoemaker’s theory also provides a valuableframework according to which news content can be analysed and understood.The data used in this study was collected as part of the What’s News? Project, based atthe S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NewYork, USA, and is part of a larger study of the definition of news in ten countries. Theprincipal investigators are Dr Pamela J. Shoemaker (Syracuse University) and Dr AkibaCohen (Tel Aviv University, Israel). Additional researchers participated in the study fromthe following countries: Australia, China, Chile, India, Israel, Germany, Jordan, Russia,South Africa and the United States. Syracuse University acknowledges the support ofthe John Ben Snow Foundation.
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PETRUSHENKO, YURIY, FEDIR ZHURAVKA, IRYNA MAREKHA, and MARIYA NOVGORODCEVA. "INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FACTORS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 294, no. 3 (March 2021): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-294-3-32.
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In the article, the authors analyze the scope of international tourism development factors based on factological and statistical grounds. It was proven in the article that on the macro-level tourist markets can be grouped into national and oversea ones. The classification of the national markets implies their division into highly-intensive markets (USA, Germany, Great Britain, etc.), stabilized markets (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Poland, etc.), reformed markets (Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, China, etc.), ant accumulated markets (India, Tunis, Egypt, Cuba, etc.). The basic factors affecting the international tourist market include static (climate, natural resources, cultural heritage, etc.) and dynamic ones (population, urbanization, wealth, family, leisure, income, spending, technological advancement, international conflicts and their resolution, etc.). In the article, special attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamic factors of international tourism development, social and economic ones in particular. The presence of positive factors in the country promotes favorable conditions for enhancing its tourist attractiveness on the international level. It was found out that positive factors increase the inflows of tourists for the specific regions (Brazil, France, Great Britain, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, Israel, and U.A.E.). On the national level, the following factors are crucial for the development of tourist industry: natural resources, politics, population and its well-being, cultural heritage and rich history. It was revealed, that in Ukraine tourist business is internationally-oriented, which has both pros and cons for the national economy. In the article, the authors presented a matrix with positive (catalysts) and negative (inhibitors) factors affecting tourist business in Ukraine. Among the positive drivers are large contribution to the national economy and state financial support. At the same time, imperfect infrastructure and lack of legal regulations can be referred to the negative factors. It was stressed in the article that drastic measures should be undertaken in order to increase social and economic performance of national tourist business in Ukraine and increase it international image.
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Fazeli-Varzaneh, Mohsen, Pete Bettinger, Erfan Ghaderi-Azad, Marcin Kozak, Davood Mafi-Gholami, and Abolfazl Jaafari. "Forestry Research in the Middle East: A Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158261.
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Research trends in the field of forestry have experienced a significant evolution in recent years. However, there has been little use of bibliometric analyses to assess academic organizations and individual researchers in this field of science. This study investigates the progress of forestry research in Iran, Israel, and Turkey based on a bibliometric analysis of 2482 documents published between 2005 and 2019 and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) scientific information platform. The countries were analyzed and compared in terms of the number of documents, the number of citations, the mean number of citations per document, the h-index, the share of funded articles, and several other metrics. A complete keyword network with graphical visualization and cluster analysis was also used for depicting the most frequent keywords used by the authors from these three countries. The results showed that the number of publications on forestry research grew steadily during the study period. Turkey, with 1529 documents, was the most active in publishing research in the field of forestry, followed by Iran (726 documents) and Israel (219 documents). Turkey’s publications received 11,220 citations with a cooperation coefficient (CC) of 0.587 that revealed a strong relationship between international collaboration with the USA, Germany, and Italy, and the number of citations, such that the articles with co-authors affiliated to foreign institutions were cited far more often than the articles with Turkish authorship. Although Iran (CC = 0.680) and Israel (CC = 0.706) recorded more activities in international collaboration than Turkey, their publications received much lower citations (Iran’s citations = 4433, Israel’s citations = 3939). Israel had 136 articles (62%) that received research funding, followed by Turkey and Iran with 604 (39%) and 284 (38%) articles. Nine out of the ten most popular journals among Israeli researchers were ranked as quartiles 1 and 2 in the forestry category, whereas Iranian and Turkish researchers mostly published in fewer journals ranked as quartiles 1 and 2. The most frequent keywords (i.e., topics) were species, condition, forest, and tree. Insights provided here can help balance research activities towards publishing more informed and effective scientific articles.
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Choko, Maude, and Isabelle Martin. "The Minimum Wage as a Matter of Tangible Human Dignity: A Comparative Constitutional Law Analysis." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 34, Issue 3 (September 1, 2018): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2018011.
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The right to human dignity has been applied to numerous employment issues: loss of reputation, privacy, sexual and psychological harassment.Human dignity has less often been invoked in litigation involving tangible working conditions such as the minimum wage. These questions have traditionally been dealt with by employment legislation rather than human rights law. This article argues that minimum wage issues are also a matter of human dignity. In this respect, the adequacy and sufficiency of minimum wage regulations could be assessed in the light of the right to human dignity. In particular, we will examine minimum wage regulations in Quebec (Canada) with regard to the right to human dignity as laid down in the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. In order to substantiate the relationship between the minimum wage and human dignity, we intend to make use of comparative constitutional law. We will draw on the interpretation and application of human dignity developed in international law as well as in four jurisdictions: Quebec, Canada, Israel and Germany. Although Quebec and Canadian case law has applied human dignity to work issues, they have not developed its application to tangible working conditions. By comparison, international law, together with Israeli and German law, have developed the tangible dimension of dignity more extensively. These sources of law may help address the lack of attention on the part of the Quebec courts to the tangible dimension of dignity at work. We then turn to the Quebec minimum wage regulations to evaluate their sufficiency and adequacy in the light of the right to human dignity.
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Keren-Kratz, Menachem. "Inclusion Versus Exclusion in Intra-Orthodox Politics: Between Agudat Israel and Hungarian Orthodoxy*." Modern Judaism - A Journal of Jewish Ideas and Experience 40, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 195–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjaa002.
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Abstract Ever since the concept of Jewish Orthodoxy emerged in the early-19th century, and especially after Jews were awarded equal civic rights in the 1860s, several religious leaders sought to establish Orthodox organizations. They, however, faced two main obstacles: first, the concept of an Orthodox organization was new to Jewish history and conservative rabbis automatically opposed anything new and condemned it as “modern.” Second, an Orthodox organization meant a religious jurisdiction superior to that of the local rabbis who were reluctant to give up the full authority they enjoyed. Following a long period of deterioration in the power and influence of the rabbis, local Orthodox organizations were established in Hungary, Galicia and Germany. In 1912, after the establishment of international movements by Reform rabbis, Maskilim, Jewish socialists, and finally the Zionists, leading Orthodox figures decided to establish the international Orthodox organization titled Agudat Israel. Recognizing its critical role in preserving traditional Judaism, individual rabbis and local Orthodox organizations from many countries joined Agudat Israel. The only country whose rabbis refused to join was Hungary. There, Jewish Orthodoxy enjoyed a special civil status and had its own separate communities. Seeking to maintain their distinct status, Hungarian leaders demanded that Agudat Israel declare itself an Orthodox organization and refrain from accepting Jews who belonged to non-Orthodox communities, who were lax in their religious conduct, or who supported Zionism. After deliberating the pros and cons, Agudat Israel decided to decline the “Hungarian demand” and, instead, to accept every Jew who wanted to join. Consequently, most Hungarian rabbis banned the organization. Nevertheless, the political and social circumstances following World War I drove some Hungarian rabbis and their communities to join Agudat Israel.
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Väänänen, Pentti. "Fostering peace through dialogue The international social democratic movement and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict." Regions and Cohesion 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2012.020310.
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The Socialist International (SI), the worldwide forum of the socialist, social democratic, and labor parties, actively looked for a solution to the Jewish-Palestinian conflict in the 1980s. At that time, the Israeli Labour Party still was the leading political force in Israel, as it had been historically since the foundation of the country. The Labour Party was also an active member of the SI. The Party’s leader, Shimon Peres, was one of its vice-presidents. At the same time, the social democratic parties were the leading political force in Western Europe. Several important European leaders, many of them presidents and prime ministers, were involved in the SI’s work. They included personalities such as Willy Brandt of Germany; former president of the SI, Francois Mitterrand of France; James Callaghan of Great Britain; Bruno Kreisky of Austria; Bettini Craxi of Italy; Felipe Gonzalez of Spain; Mario Soares of Portugal; Joop de Uyl of the Netherlands; Olof Palme of Sweden; Kalevi Sorsa of Finland; Anker Jörgensen of Denmark; and Gro Harlem Brudtland of Norway—all of whom are former vice-presidents of the SI. As a result, in the 1980s, the SI in many ways represented Europe in global affairs, despite the existence of the European Community (which did not yet have well-defined common foreign policy objectives).
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Lindenberg, J., R. G. J. Westendorp, S. Kurrle, and S. Biggs. "Elder abuse an international perspective: exploring the context of elder abuse." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 8 (June 14, 2013): 1213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000926.
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The understanding of elder abuse and neglect, also called elder mistreatment, is at an interesting juncture, both empirically and conceptually. Since 2000 there has been a significant growth in prevalence studies, including major studies from the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Finland, Canada, and the United States, with further studies planned in India and Hong Kong (see, for instance, Pillemer and Finkelhor, 1988; McDonald et al., 1991; Comijs et al., 1995; Penhale, 2008; Biggs et al., 2009; Goergen et al., 2009; Lowenstein et al., 2009; Naughton et al. 2010). And while development is still uneven, there is now a World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, held in June every year, with a network of grassroots support in a wide number of countries. At the International Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics in Bologna, Italy (held on 14–17 April 2011, see http://iaggbologna2011.com), there were, for the first time, six symposia devoted to the topic, and in the Netherlands, a country with some of the first internationally recognized studies, the Leyden Academy in 2011 called the inaugural meeting of an international working group to critically consider interdisciplinary responses to this area of increasing professional concern.
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Rodman, David. "West Germany and Israel: foreign relations, domestic politics, and the Cold War, 1965–1974." Israel Affairs 26, no. 4 (June 7, 2020): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1775956.
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Lodberg, Peter. "Når verden skriver teologiens dagsorden – Sydafrika og Palæstina." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 80, no. 2-3 (September 16, 2017): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v80i2-3.106357.
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Vatican II represented a fresh start for studies in missiology and ecumenical theology. Especially its call to contextualize and rethink old theological dogmas was well received in many churches in Latin America and Africa that were involved in a process of liberation from old colonial structures. In South Africa the church struggle resulted in the formulation of the Kairos document in 1985. It has since inspired theologians in Palestine/Israel to formulate a Palestinian Kairos document in 2009. In both documents the concepts of reconciliation and restorative justice are used to express interrelated realities. A group of international theologians marked the 500 year of the Reformation by publishing a declaration in January 2017 in Wittenberg, Germany, in line with the two Kairos documents. This shows that in missiology and ecumenical theology new theological inspiration is now coming from the Global South, thereby challenging the Western churches to take a stand in the on-going conflict in Palestine/Israel.
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Auerbach, Yehudit. "Legitimation for turning-point decisions in foreign policy: Israel vis-à-vis Germany 1952 and Egypt 1977." Review of International Studies 15, no. 4 (October 1989): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112744.
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Determinist views are prevalent in human thinking. King Solomon's reflection that ‘What has been is what will be done and what has been done is what will be done and there is nothing new under the sun’ seems as valid today as it was three thousand years, ago. The international arena, overrun by scenes of bloody, wars, acute crises and protracted conflicts is a constant reminder of the truthfulness of this pessimistic view.
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Stauber, R. "The Impact of the Sinai Campaign on Relations between Israel and West Germany." Modern Judaism 33, no. 3 (September 2, 2013): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjt013.
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Golbert, R. "Review: Diasporas and Ethnic Migrants: Germany, Israel and Post-Soviet Successor States in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Refugee Studies 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/18.1.117.
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Galevskii, G. V., and V. V. Rudneva. "The XXI international scientific and practical conference “Metallurgy: technologies, innovations, quality”." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-1-5-11.
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Results of the XXI International scientific and practical conference “Metallurgy: technologies, innovations, quality” presented, devoted to the 90-th anniversary of SibGIU, which took place on October 23–24, 2019, at the SibGIU site (Novokuznetsk). The work of the conference was organized in the frame of plenary session and sessions of the following sections: fundamental research; theory, simulation and technology of metallurgical processes; theory and technology of metal materials processing; foundry; metal forming; thermal treatment; theory and technology of welding processes; powder metallurgy and composition materials and coatings; heat- and mass-transfer in metallurgical processes and facilities; resources- and energy saving; ecology and wastes utilization. Scientists-metallurgists and specialists took part in the conference, representing 80 education and research organizations, industrial plants from 40 cities of Russia, China, Japan, Great Britain, Germany, Brazil, Austria, Israel, Poland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia. 160 reports were received by the organization committee of the conference. The review of the reports, devoted to solving of scientific and application tasks in the area of ferrous metallurgy that arose the highest attention of the conference participants.
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Mahler, Michael, Kai Kessenbrock, Magdalena Szmyrka, Yoshinari Takasaki, Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Falk Hiepe, et al. "International Multicenter Evaluation of Autoantibodies to Ribosomal P Proteins." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.1.77-83.2006.
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ABSTRACT Autoantibodies to the ribosomal phosphoproteins (Rib-P) are a serological feature of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The reported prevalence of anti-Rib-P antibodies in SLE ranges from 10 to 40%, being higher in Asian patients. The variation in the observed frequency may be related to a number of factors but is dependent in large part on the test system used to detect the autoantibodies. An association of anti-Rib-P with central nervous system involvement and neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE has been controversial. In the present international multicenter study, we evaluated the clinical accuracy of a new sensitive Rib-P-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant Rib-P polypeptides. The results showed that 21.3% of 947 SLE patients, but only 0.7% of 1,113 control patients, had a positive test result (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic efficiency were determined to be 21.3%, 99.3%, 95.6%, 62.2%, and 65.3%, respectively. When evaluated in the context of participating centers, the prevalence of anti-Rib-P antibodies was found in descending frequency, as follows: China (35%) > Poland (34%) > Japan (28%) > United States (26%) > Germany (Freiburg; 23.3%) > Denmark (20.5%) > Germany (Berlin; 19%) > Mexico (15.7%) > Israel (11.7%) > Brazil (10%) > Canada (8%). The substantial data from this study indicate that the prevalence of anti-Rib-P antibodies may not be restricted to the genetic background of the patients or to the detection system but may depend on regional practice differences and patient selection. We confirm previously reported associations of antiribosomal antibodies with clinical symptoms and serological findings. Remarkably, we found a lower occurrence of serositis in Rib-P-positive lupus patients.
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Lobyntseva, G. "Review of the 3rd IPLASS meeting: toward clinical applications of placental and endometrial stem cells." Cell and Organ Transplantology 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2014): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22494/cot.v2i2.29.
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From 10 to 12 September the 3rd IPLASS Meeting: toward clinical application of endometrial and placental stem cells took place in Granada (Spain). The organizer of the symposium was the International Placenta Stem Cell Society (IPLASS) headed by President Dr. Ornella Parolini (Italy). There were presented 29 oral reports and 25 poster presentations. Scientific and clinical institutions in Italy, United States, Australia, Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, Israel, India, Portugal, Spain, France, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, China, Chile, and Germany are engaged in research of characteristics of stem cells derived from the placenta. Scientists from Ukraine (Institute of Cell Therapy, Kyiv) presented three reports, which scientific value was awarded with a diploma and a prize.
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Alam, Md Habib. "Application of CISG in Arbitration: A Combined Procedure or Parallel Procedure?" International Journal of Community Service & Engagement 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijcse.v2i1.192.
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CISG and arbitration are connected with each other. They may work through a combined or parallel procedure. Globalization of trade desires uniformity in trade. For uniformity of trade, we require uniform law. The arbitration may not work to make it uniform, but choosing any uniform law (i.e. CISG), it may lead to deal a particular arbitration in the international standard. The international standard may be maintained while considering the uniform law. Choosing uniform law (i.e. CISG), it may minimize the risk of wrong interpretation and put the arbitral parties on “equal footing”. Parties may consider CISG as the applicable law in their arbitral agreements. As of 13 February 2021, 94 states signed the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG). The frontline trading states like the USA, Australia, Israel, Canada, China, Germany, France, Russia, and Japan are contracting states of CISG. This research emphasizes providing guidelines as to how parties may apply CISG into their arbitral agreements by maintaining the international standard.
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Derovs, Aleksejs, Jeļena Derova, and Juris Pokrotnieks. "On the X Anniversary Latvian Gastroenterology Congress with International Participation." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 76, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2022): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0106.
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Abstract The X Anniversary Latvian Gastroenterology Congress with International Participation has been held for the first time for a two-day period (3–4 December, 2021). The first day was devoted to international and local satellite symposia, with a total number of ten, which corresponded to the number of Congresses held. The second day of the Congress was devoted to the plenary session. Due to the severe COVID-19 epidemiology situation in Latvia, for the first time in its history since 2003, it was decided to hold the Congress not in person but remotely from the Rīga Stradiņš University Great Hall stage, with live video broadcasting. Despite the fact that the Congress was virtual, the two days attracted a significant number of participants — 753 registered colleagues. The invited guests included foreign lecturers from the United States, Israel, Germany, Croatia, UK, Italy, and other countries and the discussion panel was led by field leaders from around the world. We continued our tradition of preparing published reports of the congress in a special issue of Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, in collaboration with the Latvian Academy of Sciences.
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Polikowski, Marc, and Brigitte Santos-Eggimann. "How comprehensive are the basic packages of health services? An international comparison of six health insurance systems." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135581902760082436.
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Objectives: Interest in the composition of the health care menu has grown. Its outwardly comprehensive nature is as rhetorical as the slogans of universal access and affordability. This paper summarizes the international part of a report to the Swiss government, in which we explored the basic package of services covered by social health insurance in France, Germany, Israel, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and Switzerland. The aim of the initial report was to check the appropriateness of the Swiss catalogue, with special attention to the risk of unequal access to health care by rationing of effective services. In this paper, we highlight the major differences in service coverage between the countries and address the possible factors explaining those differences. Methods: The contents of the basic packages of the six countries were compared using data from government ministries and sickness funds. Results: Coverage is most comprehensive in Germany and Switzerland; these are also the countries with the greatest total health expenditure. Three countries separated nursing care from other types of health care by creating an independent insurance scheme. Some health care benefits are also covered under the heading of social care. High out-of-pocket payments are increasingly used as hidden rationing instruments. Conclusions: The present comparison highlights the multi-factorial character of the choices made in six countries in order to keep their health care menu within the possibilities offered by available resources.
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Dadalko, V. A., Ya G. Sud'bina, and S. V. Dadalko. "The issues of international cooperation of Russia in countering the economic crime." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.7.1264.
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Subject. We analyze the aspects of Russia's cooperation with other countries in countering the economic crime. Objectives. The article analyzes methods and goals of Russia's cooperation with other countries, dealing with general issues and aspects coordinated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Federal Security Service, Federal Customs Service and Federal Service for Financial Monitoring. Methods. The study is based on the economic analysis, methods of classification and modeling, deduction and synthesis. Results. We studied what various international relations organizations of Russia do in countering the economic crime. We unveil some aspects of such a cooperation, i.e. legal attache, international treaties, common security council, communications, international compliance. Russia was found to cooperate most actively with Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Cyprus, Latvia, France, the USA, Spain, Germany, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Israel, Azerbaijan and Armenia. Conclusions and Relevance. States need the international cooperation and its advancement to effectively counteract with the economic crime. It is especially important as the transnational crime proliferates. However, the international cooperation is impossible if institutional, legal and regulatory aspects are not refined. The article suggests what should be dine to make the cooperation more effective.
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Thomas-Anttila, Kerry. "[Review of the Sixth International Conference on the Work of Frances Tustin: On Bringing Patients to Life.]." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 16, no. 1 (October 22, 2012): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2012.12.
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Frances Tustin (1913-1994) was a British child psychotherapist who trained at the Tavistock Clinic in London and who was an analysand of Wilfred Bion. She is internationally recognised for her work with autistic children and wrote around thirty articles and four books: Autism and Childhood Psychosis (Tustin, 1972), Autistic States in Children (Tustin, 1981), Autistic Barriers in Neurotic Patients (Tustin, 1986), and The Protective Shell in Children and Adults (Tustin, 1990). In 1995, a year after Tustin’s death, the Frances Tustin Memorial Trust was established by Dr Judith Mitrani (see the Frances Tustin Memorial Trust, 2012). The Trust is dedicated to the teaching, expansion and extension of Frances Tustin’s work on the understanding and treatment of autistic spectrum disorders in children, adolescents and adults. This includes the sponsorship of international conferences on Tustin’s work, which have been held in London, UK (2004); Caen, France (2005); Venice, Italy (2006); Berlin, Germany (2007); Tel-Aviv, Israel (2008); and, this year in Sydney, Australia. This Sixth International Conference, entitled On Bringing Patients to Life, was organized by the Trust, in conjunction with the Australian Psychoanalytical Society, the New South Wales Institute of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, The Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and the Couples and Family Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Association of Australasia.
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Gill, Amandeep Singh. "Artificial Intelligence and International Security: The Long View." Ethics & International Affairs 33, no. 02 (2019): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679419000145.
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AbstractHow will emerging autonomous and intelligent systems affect the international landscape of power and coercion two decades from now? Will the world see a new set of artificial intelligence (AI) hegemons just as it saw a handful of nuclear powers for most of the twentieth century? Will autonomous weapon systems make conflict more likely or will states find ways to control proliferation and build deterrence, as they have done (fitfully) with nuclear weapons? And importantly, will multilateral forums find ways to engage the technology holders, states as well as industry, in norm setting and other forms of controlling the competition? The answers to these questions lie not only in the scope and spread of military applications of AI technologies but also in how pervasive their civilian applications will be. Just as civil nuclear energy and peaceful uses of outer space have cut into and often shaped discussions on nuclear weapons and missiles, the burgeoning uses of AI in consumer products and services, health, education, and public infrastructure will shape views on norm setting and arms control. New mechanisms for trust and confidence-building measures might be needed not only between China and the United States—the top competitors in comprehensive national strength today—but also among a larger group of AI players, including Canada, France, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the United Kingdom.
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Rabinowitz, Or, and Nicholas L. Miller. "Keeping the Bombs in the Basement: U.S. Nonproliferation Policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan." International Security 40, no. 1 (July 2015): 47–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00207.
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How has the United States behaved historically toward friendly states with nuclear weapons ambitions? Recent scholarship has demonstrated the great lengths to which the United States went to prevent Taiwan, South Korea, and West Germany from acquiring nuclear weapons. Yet seemingly on the other side of the ledger are cases such as Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan, where the United States failed to prevent proliferation, and where many have argued that the United States made exceptions to its nonproliferation objectives given conflicting geopolitical goals. A reexamination of the history of U.S. nonproliferation policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan, based on declassified documents and interviews, finds that these cases are not as exceptional as is commonly understood. In each case, the United States sought to prevent these states from acquiring nuclear weapons, despite geopolitical constraints. Moreover, once U.S. policymakers realized that prior efforts had failed, they continued to pursue nonproliferation objectives, brokering deals to prevent nuclear tests, public declaration of capabilities, weaponization, or transfer of nuclear materials to other states.
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Калинин, Максим Глебович. "Review of the Scientific and Practical Conference «Semantics of Grammatical Markers in Semitic Languages and Approaches to Its Description» (February 13-14, 2020)." Библия и христианская древность, no. 4(8) (December 25, 2020): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bca.2020.8.4.016.
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В 2020 г. (13–14 февраля) в Свободном университете Берлина (Freie Universität Berlin, далее — FUB) состоялась международная научно-практическая конференция «Семантика грамматических маркеров в семитских языках и подходы к их описанию» (Semantics of Grammatical Markers in Semitic Languages and Approaches to Its Description). Конференция прошла на базе кафедры семитистики и арабистики Свободного университета Берлина и собрала учёных из Германии, Великобритании, Франции, России, Израиля и Нидерландов. In the year 2020 (13-14 February) the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) held an international conference on "Semantics of Grammatical Markers in Semitic Languages. On February 13-14 the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) hosted an international conference on Semantics of Grammatical Markers in Semitic Languages and Approaches to Its Description (Semantics of Grammatical Markers in Semitic Languages and Approaches to Its Description). The conference was hosted by the Department of Semitics and Arabic Studies of the Free University of Berlin and brought together scholars from Germany, the UK, France, Russia, Israel and the Netherlands.