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1
Von, Herff Michael. ""They walk through the fire like the blondest German" : African soldiers serving the Kaiser in German East Africa (1888-1914)." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60565.
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The maintenance of German colonial rule in East Africa depended on a strong military presence. The Kaiserliche Schutztruppe fur Deutsch Ostafrika was established to meet this need, but financial and political constraints dictated that this force be manned by an African rank and file. Initially, most of the African recruits came from outside of the colony, but, as time passed, the Germans began recruiting from a few specific ethnic groups in the colony.The relationship between the African soldiers and their German employers yielded military successes for the new colonial government and, by extension, an enhanced status for the soldiers themselves. Over time, the Africans within the Schutztruppe distanced themselves from other Africans in the colony and began to develop separate communities at the government stations, which in turn fostered the growth of an askari group identity. The interests of these communities became inextricably linked to the German presence in the region. The development of this relationship helps to explain the askaris' support of the German campaign against the British during the First World War.
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Fronius, Helen. "The diligent dilettante : women writers in Germany, 1770-1820." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d95009fe-e8ea-4bcf-b520-29f2e9e849b5.
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The thesis sets out to explain the presence of women writers in the book market of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In order to do so, it examines the position of women writers in Germany - in the context both of their discursive and of their social reality. The thesis investigates the ideological and material background for women's writing, by exploring the areas of gender ideology, contemporary concepts of authorship, women's reading, and the literary market. The final chapter examines women's freedom of expression in different public circumstances. The thesis argues that women's position in the business of culture in general and literature in particular is not as unpromising as has often been claimed. By investigating less well-known texts on gender roles, such as eighteenth-century journal articles, it is possible to show that the rhetoric of prohibitions, for example regarding women's reading and writing, was by no means uniform, but fragmentary and frequently contradictory. Women's own responses to the conditions under which they were working are highlighted throughout the thesis, and examined on the basis of a range of texts, including unpublished correspondence. The examination of non-literary factors, such as the expansion of the literary market and the emergence of a newly diverse reading public, enables the identification of causes other than gender as determining women's position as writers during this period. In the course of this study, numerous neglected texts are considered, which broaden our understanding of this period of literature. The creative and successful use which women writers made of the opportunities they were afforded is emphasised throughout, thereby making an important contribution to the study of women writers.
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Oz-Salzberger, Fania. "Scottish political ideas in eighteenth century Germany : the case of Adam Ferguson." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6ef5e5b0-37a4-42b7-a58f-8c1e35cc451c.
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This thesis examines the reception of the works of Adam Ferguson, a major thinker of the Scottish Enlightenment, by a range of German readers in the late eighteenth century. It provides a survey of Ferguson's main political ideas, and argues that many of his prominent German readers did not come to terms with them. The thesis contrasts the political realities and concerns of Ferguson's Scotland with the profoundly different political concerns of his German readers, and their often vague and inaccurate ideas of Scotland, and of the British constitution. Their documented responses to Ferguson's works are brought as evidence for a cumulative and complex case of misreception. The terms in which Ferguson expressed his political ideas can be fruitfully analyzed as a political language, a vocabulary of recognizable and mutually complementing political terms. After a close examination of this particular vocabulary, the thesis proceeds to show in detail how Ferguson's German translators, commentators, reviewers and readers unwittingly dismantled this vocabulary, lost or ignored its republican and activist elements, and sometimes shifted it into other vocabularies which were far removed from the author's political intentions. However, the differences between the individual readers are emphasized, not only with respect to their varied intellectual backgrounds and works, but also touching on their personal profiles as readers and thinkers. The thesis aims especially to highlight three aspects of this Scottish- German encounter: the capacity of Ferguson's texts to be removed from their contexts and misread; the failure of civic humanist ideas to make a serious entry into German political discourse; and the merits of close textual analysis for supporting a type of explanation, which may supplement or counter-balance other explanations, about the limited effect of "imported" political ideas in eighteenth-century German discourse.
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Lees, James Christopher. "Clemens Wenzeslaus, German Catholicism, and the French Revolution, 1768-1792." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608113.
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Jang, Laurie. "Music's debt : a study of poetic influence in mid-eighteenth century German instrumental music." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28075.
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The aim of this study is to examine the correspondences of style, technique and aesthetic in poetry and music as it pertains to the musical thought and works of composers centered in Berlin 1740-1760. With the trend toward rational enquiry, the re-affirmation of the Aristotelian theory of imitation, and a return to the ideal of a union of the arts, 18th-century theorists and composers were once again preoccupied with the consanguinity of the "sister" arts of poetry and music. In particular, analogies were made between their materials of expression and the methods by which they achieved their ultimate goal of the imitation of human passions. The "problem" of textless music--i.e., its lack of semantic content--became a primary issue for aesthetic discussion and led to a re-evaluation of music's intrinsic qualities as a medium of expression.
Berlin composers working in mid-century were especially susceptible to such aesthetic developments. Led by writer/critics Lessing, Nicolai, and Mendelssohn, a unique literary renaissance characterizing the city was generating wide-spread critical debate on matters concerning the significance and meaning of art. Two major points of discussion among the literati were 1) that since classical times the arts of poetry and music had strayed too far apart, and 2) that music especially needed the support and cognitive power of a poetic text to remain a viable artistic medium. The consequences of these ideas on Berlin composers is immediately apparent in the development of the lied. In this new musical genre which achieved great popularity in Berlin, expression through text and music were considered synonymous as composers worked to close the gap between the two in their technique and methodry. However, the impact of these aesthetic beliefs is not as easily discernible in the instrumental music of mid-eighteenth century Berlin. While it was undisputed that musical tones in themselves contained some indeterminate expressive force, the rationalists' demand for concrete meaning in art led composers to develop and assess their music in terms of poetic criteria. An analysis of their works will illustrate that poetic structure, technique, and materials of expression assumed a primary role in the creation of their art. This study hopes to clarify the relationship between poetry and music through an examination of mid-eighteenth century Berlin's lied aesthetic, and selected instrumental works by J.J. Quantz and C.P.E. Bach composed in Berlin during this period.Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate
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McCluskey, Phil. "French military occupations of Lorraine and Savoie, 1670-1714." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/712.
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Abel, Jonathan 1985. "Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte De Guibert: Father of the Grande Armée." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700071/.
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Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, comte de Guibert (1743-1790) dedicated his life and career to creating a new doctrine for the French army. Little about this doctrine was revolutionary. Indeed, Guibert openly decried the anarchy of popular participation in government and looked askance at the early days of the Revolution. Rather, Guibert’s doctrine marked the culmination of an evolutionary process that commenced decades before his time and reached fruition in the Réglement of 1791, which remained in force until the 1830s. Not content with military reform, Guibert demanded a political and social constitution to match. His reforms required these changes, demanding a disciplined, service-oriented society and a functional, rational government to assist his reformed military. He delved deeply, like no other contemporary writer, into the linkages between society, politics, and the military throughout his career and his writings. Guibert exerted an overwhelming influence on military thought across Europe for the next fifty years. His military theories provided the foundation for military reform during the twilight of the Old Regime. The Revolution, which adopted most of Guibert’s doctrine in 1791, continued his work. A new army and way of war based on Guibert’s reforms emerged to defeat France’s major enemies. In Napoleon’s hands, Guibert’s army all but conquered Europe by 1807. As other nations adopted French methods, Guibert’s influence spread across the Continent, reigning supreme until the 1830s. This dissertation adopts a biographical approach to examine Guibert’s life and influence on the creation of the French military system that led to Napoleon’s conquest of Europe. As no such biography exists in Anglophone literature, such a work will fill a crucial gap in understanding French military success to 1807. It examines the period of French military reform from 1760 to the creation and use of Napoleon’s Grande Armée from 1803 to 1807, illustrating the importance of Guibert’s systemic doctrine in the period. Moreover, the work argues that Guibert belongs in the ranks of authors whose works exerted a primary influence on the French Enlightenment and Revolution by establishing Guibert as a “Great Man” of the Republic of Letters between 1770 and his death in 1790.
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Schürger, André. "The archaeology of the Battle of Lützen : an examination of 17th century military material culture." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6508/.
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In the late 20th century, historical research on the 1632 Battle of Lützen, a major engagement of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), came to a dead end after 150 years of mostly unfruitful discussions. This thesis examines the battle’s military material culture, including historical accounts and physical evidence in the form of archaeological finds from the battlefield to provide new insight into the battle’s events, but also to develop a methodology which allows a comparison between two very different sources: the eyewitness account and the ‘lead bullet.’ To achieve this aim, the development of 17th century firearms is highlighted through an assessment of historical sources and existing weapons and by an evaluation of various collections of ‘lead bullets’ from Lützen and other archaeological sites, thus providing a working baseline for interpreting bullet distribution patterns on the battlefield. The validity of bullet distribution patterns is also dependant on the deposit process during the battle and metal detector survey methodologies, which also provides vital information for battlefield surveys in general. In an overarching methodology, statements from battle eyewitnesses are evaluated and compared to bullet distribution patterns, in conjunction with the historic landscape, equipment and tactics. Together, these ultimately lead to a better understanding of the battle and its historic narrative, by asking why reported events actually did not happen at Lützen. This last element is also important for understand the reliability of early modern battle accounts in general. Overall, a more general aim of this case study has been to provide a better insight into the wider potentials of early modern battle research in Europe.
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Peterson, Rebecca C. (Rebecca Carol). "Early Educational Reform in North Germany: its Effects on Post-Reformation German Intellectuals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278681/.
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Martin Luther supported the development of the early German educational system on the basis of both religious and social ideals. His impact endured in the emphasis on obedience and duty to the state evident in the north German educational system throughout the early modern period and the nineteenth century. Luther taught that the state was a gift from God and that service to the state was a personal vocation. This thesis explores the extent to which a select group of nineteenth century German philosophers and historians reflect Luther's teachings. Chapters II and III provide historiography on this topic, survey Luther's view of the state and education, and demonstrate the adherence of nineteenth century German intellectuals to these goals. Chapters IV through VII examine the works respectively of Johann Gottfried Herder, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Leopold von Ranke, and Wilhelm Dilthey, with focus on the interest each had in the reformer's work for its religious, and social content. The common themes found in these authors' works were: the analysis of the membership of the individual in the group, the stress on the uniqueness of individual persons and cultures, the belief that familial authority, as established in the Fourth Commandment, provided the basis for state authority, the view that the state was a necessary and benevolent institution, and, finally, the rejection of revolution as a means of instigating social change. This work explains the relationship between Luther's view of the state and its interpretation by later German scholars, providing specific examples of the way in which Herder, Hegel, Ranke, and Dilthey incorporated in their writings the reformer's theory of the state. It also argues for the continued importance of Luther to later German intellectuals in the area of social and political theory.
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Salmon, Stuart. "The Loyalist regiments of the American Revolutionary War 1775-1783." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2514.
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This dissertation is about the Loyalist Regiments of the American Revolution, 1775-1783. These were the formal regiments formed by the British, consisting of Americans who stayed Loyal to the British crown during the American Revolutionary War. They fought in most of the main campaigns of this war and in 1783 left with the British Army for Canada, where many of them settled. The Loyalist regiments have been neglected by academic historians with only one major work on them as a group. The intention of this dissertation is to give them their proper place in the historiography of the American Revolutionary War and of eighteenth century military history. The dissertation is laid out in the following way. Chapter one, will be an overview of the history of Regiments, from their origins in Colonial days until 1783. It will assess how they were dealt with by the British and examine both organisation and combat. Chapter two is a thematic chapter looking principally at the organisation of the regiments as well as their motivation and composition. The next four chapters are case studies of three Loyalist regiments. Chapters three and four are a case study of the Queens Rangers. A database of all the soldiers who served in this regiment was created and is included with this dissertation. Chapter five is about the controversial regiment, the British Legion. Chapter 6 is a case study of the frontier regiment Butler‘s Rangers.
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Zickermann, Kathrin. "Across the German sea : Scottish commodity exchange, network building and communities in the wider Elbe-Weser region in the early modern period." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/958.
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This thesis analyses the commercial, maritime and military relations between Scotland and the cities and territories in the North Western parts of the Holy Roman Empire during the early modern period; specifically Hamburg, Bremen, the Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden, Danish Altona and Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Having identified anomalies in the histories of these locations, and bringing a more international dimension to them, my study tackles a remarkable understudied geo-political location. The core of my research identifies the immigration of Scots and the establishment of commercial networks within a region rather than an individual territory, highlighting contact across political borders. This region differed significantly from other places in Northern Europe in that it did not maintain an ethnically distinct Scottish community enforcing and encouraging interaction with the indigenous German population and other foreigners such as the English Merchant Adventurers in Hamburg. The survey reveals that despite the lack of such a community the region was of commercial significance to Scots as evidenced by the presence of individual Scottish merchants, factors and entrepreneurs whose trade links stretched far beyond their home country. Significantly, these Scots present in mercantile capacities were demonstrably linked to their countrymen who frequented the region as diplomats and soldiers who frequently resided in the neutral cities of Bremen and Hamburg. Some of these Scots within the Swedish army were of importance in the administration of Swedish Bremen-Verden while others fought for Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Their presence encouraged chain migration, particularly offering shelter to Scottish political exiles in the later seventeenth century. Analysing the collective role of these men and the relationships between them, this thesis highlights the overall significance of the wider Elbe-Weser region to the Scots and vice versa, filling a gap in our understanding of the Scottish Diaspora in the early modern period, and broadening our understanding of the region itself.
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Maxwell, Nancy Kouyoumjian. "Hungering for Independence: The Relationship between Food and Morale in the Continental Army, 1775-1783." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849718/.
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An adequate supply of the right kinds of foods is critical to an army's success on the march and on the battlefield. Good food supplies and a dire lack of provisions have profound effects on the regulation, confidence, esprit de corps, and physical state of an army. The American War of Independence (1775-1783) provides a challenging case study of this principle. The relationship between food and troop morale has been previously discussed as just one of many factors that contributed to the success of the Continental Army, but has not been fully explored as a single issue in its own right. I argue that despite the failures of three provisioning system adopted by the Continental Congress - the Commissariat, the state system of specific supplies, and the contract system - the army did keep up its morale and achieve the victory that resulted in independence from Great Britain. The evidence reveals that despite the poor provisioning, the American army was fed in the field for eight years thanks largely to its ability to forage for its food. This foraging system, if it can be called a system, was adequate to sustain morale and perseverance.
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Baker, William C. "Capital Ships, Commerce, and Coalition: British Strategy in the Mediterranean Theater, 1793." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699881/.
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In 1793, Great Britain embarked on a war against Revolutionary France to reestablish a balance of power in Europe. Traditional assessments among historians consider British war planning at the ministerial level during the First Coalition to be incompetent and haphazard. This work reassesses decision making of the leading strategists in the British Cabinet in the development of a theater in the Mediterranean by examining political, diplomatic, and military influences. William Pitt the Younger and his controlling ministers pursued a conservative strategy in the Mediterranean, reliant on Allies in the region to contain French armies and ideas inside the Alps and the Pyrenees. Dependent on British naval power, the Cabinet sought to weaken the French war effort by targeting trade in the region. Throughout the first half of 1793, the British government remained fixed on this conservative, traditional approach to France. However, with the fall of Toulon in August of 1793, decisions made by Admiral Samuel Hood in command of forces in the Mediterranean radicalized British policy towards the Revolution while undermining the construct of the Coalition. The inconsistencies in strategic thought political decisions created stagnation, wasting the opportunities gained by the Counter-revolutionary movements in southern France. As a result, reinvigorated French forces defeated Allied forces in detail in the fall of 1793.
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Miller, Aaron Michael. "The Duality of the Hitler Youth: Ideological Indoctrination and Premilitary Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955087/.
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This thesis examines the National Socialists' ultimate designs for Germany's youth, conveniently organized within the Hitlerjugend. Prevailing scholarship portrays the Hitler Youth as a place for ideological indoctrination and activities akin to the modern Boy Scouts. Furthermore, it often implies that the Hitler Youth was paramilitary but always lacks support for this claim. These claims are not incorrect, but in regard to the paramilitary nature of the organization, they do not delve nearly deeply enough. The National Socialists ultimately desired to consolidate their control over the nation and to prepare the nation for a future war. Therefore, they needed to simultaneously indoctrinate German youth, securing the future existence of National Socialism but also ensuring that German youth carry out their orders and defend Germany, and train the youth in premilitary skills, deliberately attempting to increase the quality of the Wehrmacht and furnish it with a massive, trained reserve in case of war. This paper relies on published training manuals, translated propaganda, memoirs of former Hitler Youth members and secondary literature to examine the form and extent of the ideological indoctrination and premilitary training--which included the general Hitler Youth, special Hitler Youth subdivisions, military preparedness camps akin to boot camp, and elaborate war games which tested the youths' military knowledge. This thesis clearly demonstrates that the National Socialists desired to train the youth in skills that assisted them later in the Wehrmacht and reveals the process implemented by the National Socialists to instill these abilities in Germany's impressionable youth.
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Nolan, Christopher M. "War and contentment : Dedham, Massachusetts and the military aspect of the War for Independence, 1775-1781." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045640.
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Using a wealth of secondary and primary sources; such as town records, diaries, tax valuations, and genealogical data, this project will attempt to shed light on the reaction of Dedham, Massachusetts, and its middle class, to military service during the American Revolution. Although extremely responsive during the opening months of the war, Dedham's middle class became reluctant to contribute its fathers and sons to the military cause when the war moved outside of their periphery, and for good reason, they needed them back home. This study determined that the lack of zeal on the part of the town's middle class was part and parcel of historical, economical, and political factors that combined to keep the fathers and sons of Dedham from serving in the war. Although declining to serve in the Continental Army, Dedham was able to continue its support for the war effort by hiring others to do the fighting for them.Department of History
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Rusak, Helen Kathryn. "Rhetoric and the motet passion." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armr949.pdf.
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Rege, Adeline. "Les voyages en Europe de l’architecte Simon-Louis Du Ry : Suède, France, Hollande, Italie (1746-1777)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040173.
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De 1746 à 1756, l’architecte allemand d’origine huguenote Simon-Louis Du Ry voyagea en Suède, en Hollande, en France et en Italie pour apprendre son métier. Il retourna en Italie de 1776 à 1777. Lors de ses périples, Simon-Louis Du Ry a entretenu une intense correspondance avec sa famille. Il a tenu un journal de son second tour d’Italie. Ces manuscrits sont une source très précieuse pour l’histoire de la mobilité des artistes à l’époque Moderne. L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser et d’éditer les récits de voyage de Simon-Louis Du Ry. Nous considérons le voyage comme une pratique individuelle obéissant à des contraintes sociales et matérielles, et comme un mode de perception du monde, des autres, du savoir et de soi-même. L’enjeu est de prendre en compte le voyageur en tant qu’individu, mais aussi l’environnement dans lequel il organise ses déplacements. Après avoir décrit ces périples (itinéraires, modes de transport et d’hébergement, activités du voyageur…), nous les comparons aux modèles de voyage en vogue à l’époque qu’étaient le Grand Tour, le voyage savant, et le voyage artistique. Nous nous attachons aussi à étudier la manière dont Simon-Louis Du Ry a relaté ses pérégrinations, ainsi que l’influence que ces voyages eurent non seulement sur la carrière de cet architecte, mais aussi sur son milieu d’origine, c’est-à-dire le landgraviat de Hesse-Cassel au siècle des Lumières. L’édition critique des récits de voyage de Du Ry que nous proposons est accompagnée d’un apparat critique constitué de notes et de trois index : toponymique, biographique et thématiqueFrom 1746 to 1756, Simon-Louis du Ry, the German architect with Huguenot roots, traveled to Sweden, Holland, France, and Italy to learn a trade. He returned to Italy from 1776 to 1777. During his travels, Simon-Louis du Ry maintained an intense correspondence with his family. He kept a diary of his second trip to Italy and these manuscripts are a very valuable source for the history of the mobility of artists in the Modern era. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and edit Simon-Louis Du Ry’s travel writings. We consider travel an individual experience which is limited by material and social issues, and a way of understanding the world, others, knowledge and oneself. Our challenge is to take account of the traveler as a person, but also of the environment in which he organizes his travels. After describing these journeys (including routes, transport and accommodation, and traveler’s activities), we compare them with the travel patterns in vogue at that time: the Grand Tour, the scholar’s travel, and the artist’s travel. We aim to explore how Simon-Louis Du Ry has described his travels and the influence that his journeys have had, not only on his architectural career, but also on his cultural background, i.e. the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel during the Enlightenment. The critical examination of Du Ry’s travel books that we offer is accompanied by a critical apparatus consisting of notes and of three indexes: geographical names, biographical names, and subjects
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Roeder, Tobias Uwe. "Professional identity of army officers in Britain and the Habsburg Monarchy, 1740-1790." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277825.
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This thesis explores the existence and outlook of a European officer class in the mid- to later 18th century by studying the army officers of Britain and the Habsburg Monarchy from the War of the Austrian Succession to the eve of the French Revolutionary Wars. It illuminates the character of such an officer class of ‘Military Europe’ with its own cultural customs and practices. Furthermore, it details similarities, differences and peculiarities of both officer corps. This is achieved by analysing the social and national composition of both armies, with a focus here on the Habsburg Army due to the fact that it took in great numbers of foreigners and that the muster lists give an indication of how great the proportion of nobility was. A comparison with the British case shows striking similarities but also obvious differences. In a further step the ability of individuals for social advancement and national mobility is scrutinised on both sides. In this context, the state’s care for its officers and their social security is also taken into account. One possibility to acknowledge the officers’ service was to raise their status, either by ennoblement or through increasing the prestige of the uniform in court and society, its transformation into an ‘Ehrenkleid’ (garment of honour). As officers increasingly became servants to the state, rather than noble retainers and military enterprisers, they were also subject to professionalization efforts by the sovereigns. What becomes apparent, however, is that the officers did not only react to such measures but that at least a significant part of them actively worked on improving the service, thereby exhibiting a growing professionalism. In order to explore the coherence of the officer corps in those armies, with officers all following the same codes and accepting each other as equals, the thesis looks into core values (including honour, duty, courage and loyalty) binding them together and separating them from the enlisted men. The thesis will also offer a glimpse of their engagement with civilian society and culture as well as their role as ‘foot soldiers of Enlightenment’. On a European level, interaction between these officers proves their general acceptance of and respect for each other, while at the same time acting as state representatives in wartimes. Their interaction with non-European and non-state military forces and their leadership marks out the fluid boundaries of military Europe, but also exhibits the pervasiveness of European military culture.
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Jarrett, Nathaniel W. "Collective Security and Coalition: British Grand Strategy, 1783-1797." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984129/.
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On 1 February 1793, the National Convention of Revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain and the Netherlands, expanding the list of France's enemies in the War of the First Coalition. Although British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger had predicted fifteen years of peace one year earlier, the French declaration of war initiated nearly a quarter century of war between Britain and France with only a brief respite during the Peace of Amiens. Britain entered the war amid both a nadir in British diplomacy and internal political divisions over the direction of British foreign policy. After becoming prime minister in 1783 in the aftermath of the War of American Independence, Pitt pursued financial and naval reform to recover British strength and cautious interventionism to end Britain's diplomatic isolation in Europe. He hoped to create a collective security system based on the principles of the territorial status quo, trade agreements, neutral rights, and resolution of diplomatic disputes through mediation - armed mediation if necessary. While his domestic measures largely met with success, Pitt's foreign policy suffered from a paucity of like-minded allies, contradictions between traditional hostility to France and emergent opposition to Russian expansion, Britain's limited ability to project power on the continent, and the even more limited will of Parliament to support such interventionism. Nevertheless, Pitt's collective security goal continued to shape British strategy in the War of the First Coalition, and the same challenges continued to plague the British war effort. This led to failure in the war and left the British fighting on alone after the Treaty of Campo Formio secured peace between France and its last continental foe, Austria, on 18 October 1797.
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Smith, David R. "Nathanael Greene and the Myth of the Valiant Few." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062831/.
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Nathan Greene is the Revolutionary Warfare general most associated with unconventional warfare. The historiography of the southern campaign of the revolution uniformly agrees he was a guerrilla leader. Best evidence shows, however, that Nathanael Greene was completely conventional -- that his strategy, operations, tactics, and logistics all strongly resembled that of Washington in the northern theater and of the British commanders against whom he fought in the south. By establishing that Greene was within the mainstream of eighteenth-century military science this dissertation also challenges the prevailing historiography of the American Revolution in general, especially its military aspects. The historiography overwhelmingly argues the myth of the valiant few -- the notion that a minority of colonists persuaded an apathetic majority to follow them in overthrowing the royal government, eking out an improbable victory. Broad and thorough research indicates the Patriot faction in the American Revolution was a clear majority not only throughout the colonies but in each individual colony. Far from the miraculous victory current historiography postulates, American independence was based on the most prosaic of principles -- manpower advantage.
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Foisy, Cory A. "Soviet war-readiness and the road to war : 1937-41." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79938.
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This is a study of the foreign and domestic policies of the USSR as they pertain to its war-readiness, as well as the degree to which these policies presumably opened the door to the European conflagration and, in 1941, to the Nazi-Soviet war. Topics to be discussed include: (1) the crash industrialization of the Soviet Union and industrial war preparations from 1928--41; (2) the development of Soviet military doctrine before and after 12 June 1937; (3) a critical re-examination of the popularly accepted reasons for the devolution of the Soviet armed forces; and (4) Soviet foreign policy from 1937--41. The chronological end of the paper (1941) is followed by a brief epilogue discussing the evident success of the Soviet industrialization program by reference to Soviet industrial performance during the Nazi-Soviet war. Furthermore, the epilogue will challenge the popular depiction of the German invasion as an effortless, seamless advance into the Soviet heartland.
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Krapf, Elizabeth Maria. "Euthanasia, the Ethics of Patient Care and the Language of Propaganda." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/606.
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This thesis is an examination of euthanasia, eugenics, the ethic of patient care, and linguistic propaganda in the Second World War. The examination of euthanasia discusses not only the history and involvement of the facility at Hadamar in Germany, but also discuss the current euthanasia debate. Euthanasia in World War II arose out of the Nazi desire to cleanse the Reich and was greatly influenced by the American eugenics movement of the early 20th century. Eugenics was built up to include anyone considered undesirable and unworthy of life and killed many thousands of people before the invasion of allied troops in 1944. Paramount to euthanasia is forced sterilization, the ethic of patient care, and how the results of the research conducted on euthanasia victims before their deaths should be used. The Nazis were able to change the generally accepted terms that researchers use to describe their experiments and this change affected how modern doctors and researchers use the terms in current research. This thesis includes research conducted in Germany and the United States from varied resources.
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ABBIATI, MICHELE. "L'ESERCITO ITALIANO E LA CONQUISTA DELLA CATALOGNA (1808-1811).UNO STUDIO DI MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS NELL'EUROPA NAPOLEONICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/491761.
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L’esercito italiano e la conquista della Catalogna (1808-1811)
Uno studio di Military Effectiveness nell’Europa napoleonica
Settori scientifico-disciplinari SPS/03 – M-STO/02
La ricerca ha lo scopo di ricostruire e valutare l’effettività militare dell’esercito italiano al servizio di Napoleone I. In primo luogo attraverso un’analisi statistica e strategica della costruzione, e del successivo impiego, dell’istituzione militare del Regno d’Italia durante gli anni della sua esistenza (1805-14); successivamente, è stato scelto un caso di studi particolarmente significativo, come la campagna di Catalogna (1808-11, nel contesto della guerra di Indipendenza spagnola), per poter valutare il contributo operazionale e tattico dei corpi inviati dal governo di Milano e la loro integrazione con l’apparato militare complessivo del Primo Impero.
La tesi ha voluto rispondere alla mancanza di studi sul comportamento in guerra dell’esercito italiano e, allo stesso tempo, introdurre nella storiografia militare italiana la metodologia di studi, d’origine anglosassone e ormai di tradizione trentennale, di Military Effectiveness.
La ricerca si è primariamente basata, oltre che sulla copiosa memorialistica a stampa italiana e francese, sulla documentazione d’archivio della Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales di Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Parigi), del Ministère de la Guerre francese (Service historique de la Défence, di Vincennes, Parigi) e del Ministero della Guerra del Regno d’Italia (Archivio di Stato di Milano).
Dal punto di vista dei risultati è stato possibile verificare come l’esercito italiano abbia rappresentato, per Bonaparte, uno strumento duttile e di facile impiego, pur in un contesto di sostanziale marginalità numerica complessiva di fronte alle altre (e cospicue) forze messe in campo da parte dell’Impero e dei suoi altri Stati satellite e alleati. Per quanto riguarda la campagna di conquista della Catalogna è stato invece possibile appurare il fondamentale contributo dato dal contingente italiano, sotto i punti di vista operazionale e tattico, per la buona riuscita dell’invasione; questo primariamente grazie alle elevate caratteristiche generali mostrate dallo stesso, ma anche per peculiarità disciplinari e organizzative che resero i corpi italiani adatti a operazioni particolarmente aggressive.The Italian Army and the Conquest of Catalonia (1808-1811) A Study of Military Effectiveness in Napoleonic Europe Academic Fields and Disciplines SPS/03 – M-STO/02 The research has the purpose of reconstruct and evaluate the military effectiveness of the Italian Army existed under the reign of Napoleon I. Firstly through a statistic and strategic analysis of the development, and the following deployment, of the military institution of the Kingdom of Italy in the years of its existence (1805-14). Afterwards, a particularly significant case study was chosen, as the campaign of Catalonia (1808-11, in the context of the Peninsular War), in order to assess the operational and tactical contribution of the regiments sent by the Government of Milan and their integration in the overall military apparatus of the First Empire. The thesis wanted to respond to the lack of studies on the Italian army’s behavior in war and, at the same time, to introduce the methodology of the Military Effectiveness Studies (of British and American origin and, by now, enriched by a thirty-year old tradition) in the Italian historiography. The research is primarily based, besides the numerous memoirs of the Italian and French veterans, on the archive documentation of the Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Paris), of the French Ministère de la Guerre (Service historique de la Défence, of Vincennes, Paris) and of the Italian Ministero della Guerra (Archivio di Stato di Milano). About the results, it has been verified how the Italian army has become a flexible and suitable instrument for Bonaparte, albeit in a context of substantial overall numerical marginality in comparison to the heterogeneous forces available to the Empire and its others satellites and allied states. Regarding the campaign of Catalonia, instead, it was possible to ascertain the fundamental contribution of the Italian regiments, in an operational and tactical perspective, for the success of the invasion. This was primarily due to the excellent general characteristics shown by the expeditionary force, but also to disciplinary and organizational peculiarities that have made the Italian corps suitable for particularly aggressive operations.
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Coudray, Pierre Louis. "Mourir à la guerre, survivre à la paix : les militaires irlandais au service de la France au XVIIIe siècle, une reconstruction historique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H010/document.
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Cette thèse est une étude chronologique de la présence militaire irlandaise en France sous l’Ancien Régime associé à une analyse du mythe de la Brigade Irlandaise au XVIIIe siècle. En s’appuyant sur des sources primaires, dont certaines sont inédites, les quatre premiers chapitres proposent un cadre historique de la communauté militaire irlandaise et de l’acculturation progressive, mais parfois difficile, de ses membres. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur les écrits de l’élite française et de la littérature populaire d’Angleterre face aux Irlandais lors de la « Guerre des trois rois », tandis que le deuxième se penche sur l’image des soldats irlandais dans la presse des deux côtés de la Manche à la même période. Le troisième explique comment ces hommes sont devenus au fil du temps une troupe reconnue par ses pairs dans l’armée royale, tandis que le quatrième explore les stratégies mises en place par les militaires irlandais et leurs familles pour intégrer la société d’accueil. Ces deux chapitres montrent également le déclin de la présence effective d’Irlandais dans la Brigade. La question de la mémoire de la bataille de Fontenoy est au coeur du cinquième et du sixième chapitre qui étudient minutieusement la part des Irlandais dans la journée du 11 mai 1745 et le rôle des écrits du XIXe siècle dans la naissance d’une identité militaire proprement irlandaise. L’étude se focalise sur des sources contemporaines des faits pour le premier et des documents anglais, français et irlandais datant du XIXe siècle pour le secondThis PhD is a chronological study of the military presence of Irishmen in Franceunder the Ancien Regime linked to an analysis of the myth surrounding the Irish Brigade in the18th century. Based on primary sources, some of which have been hitherto unpublished, the firstfour chapters propose an historical framework of the Irish military community and thesometimes difficult but progressive acculturation of its members. The first chapter focuses onthe writings of the French elite as well as popular literature from England about the Irish in the“War of the three kings”, while the second one is about the image of the Irish soldiers in thepress on both sides of the Channel during the same period. The third one explains how thesemen came to be recognised by their peers as a valuable unit in the French royal army and thefourth one explores the tactics used by Irish militarymen and their families to integrate intoFrench society. These two chapters also show the gradual decline of the actual presence ofIrishmen within the ranks of the Brigade. The question of the memory attached to the battle ofFontenoy is at the very core of the fifth and sixth chapters where the part played by Irishmenon the 11th of May 1745 is minutely studied. The birth of a distinct Irish military identity in19th century writings is also discussed. The study focuses on 18th century sources for the fifthchapter and 19th century sources from France, England and Ireland for the sixth
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KAMISSEK, Christoph. "Transnationaler Militarismus : Politische Generationen deutscher Offiziere zwischen militärischen Internationalismus und imperialer Nation (1770-1870)." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32122.
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Defence date: 25 June 2014Examining Board: Professor Sebastian Conrad, Freie Universität Berlin Professor Dirk Moses, EUI Professor Ulrike von Hirschhausen, Universität Rostock Professor Robert Gerwarth, University College Dublin.
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht einen lange Zeit unhinterfragten Gemeinplatz in der deutschen Militär- und Kolonialgeschichte: die späte Verwirklichung eines geeinten Nationalstaates habe nicht nur die deutsche Zivilgesellschaft, sondern auch das deutsche Militär bis in das späte 19. Jahrhundert von der Entdeckung aussereuropäischer Gebiete als mögliche professionelle Einsatzfelder abgehalten und so das deutsche Offizierkorps lange Zeit von imperialen Phantasien unberührt und unerfahren in den Herausforderungen kolonialer Kriegführung belassen. Tatsächlich reichte die Beteiligung deutscher Soldaten an imperialen Auseinandersetzungen jedoch bis in die Zeit der amerikanischen Revolution zurück. Der Wunsch nach Gleichberechtigung mit anderen expandierenden Ländern wie Grossbritannien, Frankreich oder Russland war seitdem nicht nur in kleineren deutschen Staaten mit einer Tradition imperialen Kriegsdienstes "unter fremden Fahnen" weit verbreitet. Auch in Preussen zirkulierten Phantasien eines deutschen Kriegszuges nach Indien bereits in der Zeit der napoleonischen Besatzung. Seitdem entwickelten Generationen deutscher Offiziere immer wieder Visionen eines deutschen Kolonialreiches, ein Wunsch, der insbesondere in längeren Friedensperioden in Europa virulent wurde. Besondere jüngere, gebildete und ambitionierte Offiziere aus elitären Regimentern sahen in imperialen Unternehmungen ihre Chance auf ruhmreiche Bewährung im Krieg. Bei einer Reihe von bisher weitgehend unbekannten Gelegenheiten nahmen diese auch aktiv an den kolonialen Kampagnen anderer Mächte teil. Die Arbeit untersucht daneben auch die Gründe, warum dieser Strang militärischen Denkens und Handelns lange Zeit marginalisiert wurde: die Verwirklichung imperialer Projekte schien gerade aus militärischen Gründen einen vereinigten Nationalstaat zu erfordern, eine Forderung, die Offiziere politisch verdächtig machte und die imperiale Fraktion innerhalb des deutschen Offizierkorps lange Zeit isolierte und in den Untergrund trieb. Als das deutsche Kaiserreich gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts jedoch schliesslich tatsächlich in den Kreis der Kolonialmächte eintrat, war dessen Militär keineswegs vollständig unvorbereitet, sondern konnte auf ein zwar wechselhaftes, jedoch lange zurückreichendes und bisweilen intensives theoretisches und praktisches imperiales Engagement zurückblicken.
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HIPPLER, Thomas. "Citizenship and discipline : popular arming and military service in revolutionary france and reform Prussia (1789-1830)." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5836.
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Defence date: 9 December 2002Examining board: Prof. Étienne Balibar, Université Paris-X, Nanterre ; Prof. Peter Becker, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Annie Crépin, Université d'Artois, Arras ; Prof. Bo Stråth, European University Institute, Florence (Supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Le service militaire obligatoire repose sur une contradiction. En tant que mode privilégié de la participation du citoyen aux affaires de la cité, il est à la fois élément et garant de sa liberté politique. En tant qu'institution disciplinaire, il le soumet à un système coercitif et l'isole de la société civile. La nationalisation de la force armée par la conscription introduit donc une tension irréductible entre citoyenneté et discipline, et pose concrètement le problème de la liberté politique. Egalitaire dans son principe, le service militaire ne concerne pourtant que la frange masculine de la population, l'absence des femmes dans l'armée répondant à leur exclusion des droits civiques. L'universalité de l'obligation se trouve par ailleurs contrecarrée par les stratégies de certains groupes sociaux pour négocier des conditions favorables. Plutôt que d'opposer le modèle de conscription républicaine à la française au militarisme prussien, cet ouvrage s'attache à montrer comment la Prusse a répondu de manière dialectique à l'institution révolutionnaire de la violence de masse. La Révolution française et la Réforme prussienne sont ainsi appréhendées comme deux moments d'un processus intrinsèquement transnational. Cet ouvrage entend mettre à l'épreuve de l'Histoire le problème politique tel que l'ont formulé Rousseau et Kant, en s'appuyant sur des sources officielles, des autobiographies, lettres, chansons, conçues comme des articulations subjectives de la modernité politique.
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KUHME, Dorothea. "Bürger und Spiel : Gesellschaftsspiele im deutschen Bürgertum zwischen 1750 und 1850." Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5866.
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Defence date: 17 March 1995Examining board: Prof. Dr. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (Halle) ; Prof. Dr. Ute Frevert (Konstanz) ; Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kaschuba (Berlin) ; Prof. Dr. Michael Müller (Florenz) ; Prof. Dr. Klaus Tenfelde (Bielefeld)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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BAUER, Volker. "Cameralism and court :the German discourse on court economy in the 18th century." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5733.
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Examining board: Prof. Franco Angiolini (supervisor) ; Prof. Peter Claus Hartmann ; Prof. Jochen Hoock ; Prof. Jacques Revel ; Prof. Keith TribeDefence date: 11 October 1993
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Miakinkov, Eugene. "A Russian Way of War? Westernization of Russian Military Thought, 1757-1800." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4371.
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The present study constitutes one of the first attempts to establish the extent to which Russian military thought became westernized by the end of the eighteenth century. The task is an important one in light of Soviet and Russian scholarship that maintains that Russia developed a unique, different, and, some argue, superior way of war to the West. This work argues that Russian military thought was greatly influenced by the ‘military enlightenment’ of Europe, and that the ideas proposed by Russia’s foremost military theoreticians were not as novel as previously claimed. Therefore, the final intellectual product was more a continuation of, rather than a break with, Western practices and traditions of warfare. In this respect, the underlying theme of this thesis clashes with traditional Russian national military historical scholarship.
The second major theme of this study is to challenge the pervasive but flawed and often simplified interpretation of the Russian army and its soldiers as undisciplined and uneducated barbarians. Contrary to these misleading views, the writings of Russian theorists bring to light the concerns about discipline and education for the officers, personal hygiene and hospital care for the soldiers and Russian awareness of complex strategic theoretical issues. The humanitarianism and sophistication of early-modern Russian military thought thus becomes abundantly clear.
The scope of this work is inescapably restrictive, and the period that it examines, roughly from 1757 to 1800, has been consciously chosen to reflect the ideas of Russia’s two most important and influential military statesmen: Peter Rumyantsev and Alexander Suvorov.
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BERG, Holger. "Military occupation under the eyes of the Lord : studies in Erfurt during the Thirty Years War." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10412.
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Defence date: 14 November 2008Examining Board: Prof. Martin Van Gelderen (EUI) - supervisor Prof. Thomas Kaufmann (University of Göttingen) Prof. Giulia Calvi (EUI) Prof. Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen (University of Copenhagen)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The growing interest in ways of coping with past wars has led researchers to reexamine the role of religion. Focus has shifted away from religious enmities to a set of less-explored issues. Which of the messages propagated in homilies did laymen adopt and adapt or reject? Did believers focus on consolation and protection or emphasise punishments and sin? These questions are addressed by studying the Thirty Years War at a local level. The study compares how pastors and lay chroniclers described divine interventions. Erfurt in Central Germany is well-suited for such a case-study. The Lutheran town, with a Catholic minority, hosted a Swedish garrison in 1631-1635 and 1637-1650. The historical works of twenty-six local authors who lived during the war are described in the appendix. The analysis proceeds in three steps. The first examines the many prodigies that never made it to print; the second section inspects debates amongst Lutheran pastors; the third analyses lay war-time piety. Erfurt is examined in order to take a closer look at general developments. Hence, local debates are connected to broader theological discussion. The contextualisation shows that the war strengthened the Lutheran reform movement and proved detrimental to millenarian policy-making. The potential for change was restrained in other fields. During the war, lay commitment to the call for repentance was lowered by practical considerations and alternative ways of apportioning blame. These challenges diminished after war. Authors highlighted prodigies and exempla in harmony with the penitential baseline. The theory of cognitive dissonance is used to explain the selection and gradual stabilisation of religious beliefs. The findings thus refine existing hypotheses, outlining a range of long-term cultural changes in the wake of the war. More casestudies are needed to test how representative Erfurt findings are. Sources on the Catholic minority only sufficed to profile some denominational peculiarities.
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Martin, Lucinda. "Women's religious speech and activism in German Pietism." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110650.
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Peoples, Sharon Margaret. "Military uniforms in the eighteenth century : gender, power and politics." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151559.
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MIGGELBRINK, Joachim. "Serving the Republic : Scottish soldiers of the United Provinces, 1572-1782." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5902.
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Defence date: 8 April 2005Examining Board: Prof. Martin van Gelderen, European University Institute ; Prof. Laurence Fontaine, EHESS, Paris (Supervisor) ; Prof. Allan I. Macinnes, University of Aberdeen ; Prof. Maarten Prak, University of Utrecht (Ext. Supervisor)
First made available online on 24 January 2019
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GÖHDE, Ferdinand Nicolas. "Foreign soldiers in the risorgimento and anti-risorgimento : a transnational military history of Germans in the Italian armed groups, 1834-1870." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/33052.
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Defence date: 3 October 2014Examining Board: Professor Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, supervisor (European University Institute); Professor Lucy Riall (European University Institute); Professor Catherine Brice (Université Paris-Est Créteil); Professor Oliver Janz (Freie Universität Berlin).
This thesis compares the motives, experiences and practices of Germans in the Papal, Bourbon and Garibaldian armed groups. It shows how solidarity was, on all political sides, increasingly conceptualized as an act by and between nations and argues that political mobilization did not necessarily directly inform the single enlistment. Recruitment activities not only combined mercenary traditions with new forms of communication and association, but they also overlapped, leading many to change between armed groups. The study provides the first in-depth statistical analysis of these Germans based on soldiers’ registers, contextualizing it with transnational soldiering across Europe; not only did Germans stay in the regular armies for quite long periods, but previous and later enlistments in other armies were common - this also holds true for the "German" Garibaldians. Examining hitherto neglected economic incentives, the study demonstrates the plurality of political, cultural, economic and professional motives of single soldiers, thus blurring the lines of the opposition between the militarily inexperienced political war volunteer and the mercenary that is so central to the polemics of the time and "new Risorgimento historiography". Based on legal sources and soldiers’ reports, the study analyses the every-day life of Germans in the Italian armed groups in terms of a culturally revived "new military history", and is particularly attentive to issues of masculinity. The different institutional contexts the Germans were placed in - e.g. foreigners’ corps, ministries - informed differing experiences. In contrast to the multi-national make-up of many corps, imagery of national grouping progressively superseded formal military structures, resulting in continuous comparisons of corps and nationalities and increases in "nationalizing" experiences. This goes counter to the image of foreign commitment in Italy as a cosmopolitan experience and an a priori positive understanding of the "transnational". Hence, the role of foreign soldiers was crucial for the "military" Risorgimento and "revirilization".
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Cunningham, David. "“ Bold in the Senate House and Brave at War ” : Naval Officers in the House of Commons 1715 - 1815." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1973.
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Between 1715 and 1815, 182 British naval officers sat in the House of Commons, a group hitherto unstudied in a systematic way. This thesis draws upon the work of the History of Parliament Trust to examine naval MPs’ backgrounds, means of entering and leaving Parliament, activities in the House and the interrelationship between their professional and parliamentary obligations and patronage. By critically engaging with contemporary scholarship, naval MPs are placed within an eighteenth century context of nascent patriotism and national identity fuelled by popular culture and print media, indicating further avenues of inquiry.
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(8698872), Erich Wilhelm Drollinger. ""For Training Purposes Only": West German Military Aid to Nigeria and Tanzania, 1962-1968." Thesis, 2020.
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Amidst the confrontation between the East and the West Bloc during the Cold War, the decolonization of Africa created an entirely new ideological battlefield for these two sides to compete with one another for power and influence. The Federal Republic of Germany, having been allowed to rearm its military less than a decade prior, sought to gain influence in Nigeria and Tanzania by providing them with military aid. However, in both cases it failed to fulfill its promises of aid. Through the examination of these case studies, this study argues that the Federal Republic’s ability to provide effective military aid to non-NATO countries was limited due to the combination of its cautious foreign policy and the dynamic political landscape of the countries to which it offered aid. Formerly classified government documents and newspaper articles constitute the majority of this study’s source material. While current historiography focuses on the impact of the Cold War superpowers in regions outside of Europe, less attention has been given to the important roles that smaller powers such as the Federal Republic have played. By analyzing a smaller global player, the goal of this study is to complicate the notion of the Cold War being binary in nature. Furthermore, it aims to illustrate the political tightrope that the Federal Republic walked when conducting military aid which stemmed from the legacy of its violent past and its status as a divided nation.
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Quigg, Gary Francis. "JB-2: America's First Cruise Missile." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5517.
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My research provides a historical and archaeological context for this thesis, in which I argue the JB-2 missile is historically significant as a unique example of the rapid duplication of enemy technology for both physical and psychological retaliation, as a crucial link in the chain of development for America’s cruise missile program, and for its role in early Cold War deterrence. Jet Bomb model number 2 (JB-2), America’s first operationally successful, mass produced cruise missile, developed as a direct copy of the German V-1, with slight variation in manufacture due to differences between German and American components, machinery and tooling. Continuing modifications of the JB-2 during its service life led to improvements in performance, control, and accuracy. From 1944 to 1953, the JB-2 transitioned from a weapon quickly prepared for wartime deployment to an essential test vehicle for the United States Army, Air Force and Navy while supporting the U.S. policy of containment during the early Cold War.
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Borovský, Jiří. "K analýze vojenského významu olomoucké pevnosti v období válek o rakouské dědictví a sedmileté války." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354360.
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Military Importance Analysis of the Olomouc fortress in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War Jiří Borovský Abstract The thesis focuses on a role played by the city of Olomouc during the War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Between 1741-1742, almost all Moravian territory became an operational space for armies of the Prussian king Friedrich II. The Prussians took the city of Olomouc, too, and made it their most important military and logistic base within the occupied territories. As soon as the War of Austrian Succession was over, the fortress of Olomouc was rebuilt fundamentally: It took a mere decade of an immense building activity and Olomouc became the most modern bastion fortification in the whole Danubian Monarchy. Shortly after the works had been finished in 1758, the Prussians invaded Moravia again in order to seize the city again. The author analyses both Prussian campaigns to Moravia. The thesis mainly deals with the conditions that involved both Austrian and Prussian parties at the beginning of the war. It draws comparison between both armies involved, and between the actual results of the wars, too. In particular, the author focuses on the comparison of the role of the fortress during the two conflicts as well as on the differences...
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Hesse, Angelika. "Eichendorffs Kritik romantischer Fehlentwicklungen." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16941.
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Summary in EnglishRomanticism as a broad movement of thought developed as a reaction against rationalism and empiricism in the period of Enlightenment. In his critical evaluation of Getman literature Eichendorff as a historian exammes the excessiveness of esoteric theories in the work of the young intellectuals of the early romantic period in Getmany. The romanticists' idealist celebration of the self, and their tendency to overestimate the power of the imagination and the supreme value of art led to self-adulation and subjectivism which was unacceptable to Eichendorff s understanding of art and religion. The "romantic" attempt at creating a new mythology usmg art as a new kind of religion and thereby making the poet an omnipotent creator could only be rejected by Eichendorff whose moral convictions were strongly based on Christian Catholic beliefs. The young romanticists replaced ethics with aesthetics. Eichendorffs judgement of this development is devastating. He describes the early romantic movement as a "premature abortion".
Classics and Modern European Languages
M.A. (German)