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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Germany – Armed Forces – Appropriations and expenditures

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Academic literature on the topic 'Germany – Armed Forces – Appropriations and expenditures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Germany – Armed Forces – Appropriations and expenditures"

1

ŽEnka, Jan, Bohuslav Pernica, and Jan KofroŇ. "The Geography of Demilitarisation: Do Regional Economic Disparities Affect the Spatial Distribution of Military Base Closures?" Moravian Geographical Reports 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2021-0018.

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Abstract Very few researchers have focused on the question of: if and to what extent, regional economic disparities affect military base closures. In this paper, we aim to explain regional patterns of military base closures in the Czech Republic, a country that has experienced a sharp decline in military employment and expenditures since the beginning of 1990s. Three groups of predictors of closure were considered: local (size, age, location and hierarchical position of the military base); regional (wages, unemployment, city size, the initial level of militarisation of the district); and national-level predictors (geostrategic priorities and restructuring of the Czech Armed Forces). Our research is informed by the theory of public choice and its application to the decision-making processes concerning military base closures and realignments. We employed a combination of regression models to determine which group of the above-mentioned factors affected the spatial distribution of military bases in the period 1994–2005. While geostrategic factors (such as distance from the border with West Germany) and restructuring of the army (type of a military base) were the most important, regional economic disparities showed no significant correlation with the intensity of military base closures/downsizing. We did not demonstrate that military bases in economically lagging regions had been systematically protected in the Czech Republic.

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2

CHEBERYAKO, OKSANA, VIKTOR KOLESNYK, and ALINA GAIDUCHENKO. "DEFENSE FINANCING FEATURES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CHALLENGES." Globalization and Business, December 23, 2020, 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2020.10.020.

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The beginning of the third millennium was marked by the desire of the leader countries (USA, China, and Russia) to geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic redistribution of spheres of influence. The collapse of the USSR, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact Organization, the end of the Cold War did not bring the world closer to stability and security. Military force capabilities continue to be considered as one of the most powerful factors in world politics. Proof of this is the intensification of the struggle of the world›s superpowers for regional and global leadership, control over oil, gas and energy flows. It is worth mentioning the Transnistrian conflict, Russia-Led wars in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008, the civil war in Syria, the intensification of Islamic extremism within the ISIS, Russia›s annexation of Crimea, the hybrid war unleashed and continues to wage by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In this connection, it is becoming increasingly important to provide corresponding levels for the defense budget funding. Thus, the study of the peculiarities of defense financing in Ukraine and powerful military superpowers is of considerable scientific, practical and political interest. Comparing the defense expenditures of different countries makes it possible to identify key problem issues in the defense financing of Ukraine and bring the corresponding costs to international standards. This indicator is one of the most important criteria that characterize the state›s desire for development, relevant combat readiness of the armed forces and other military forces in the face of new challenges. The last years of the previous century were characterized by global geopolitical changes and growing contradictions, which resulted in: the transformation of the bipolar model (USA - USSR) into a multipolar (powerful military superpowers - the USA, Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Germany, India, Brazil)); globalization of world economic processes; erosion through «hybrid wars», which are a new kind of global confrontation in today›s destabilized international security environment, the facets of the division between war and peace. The availability of weapons of mass destruction and high-precision weapons in the third millennium, the growth of their capacity, the complexity of military equipment and combat assets, the use of new methods and means of warfare have led to significant changes in the functions and tasks of the armed forces, increasing their number and government spending on defense purposes. Today there are about 200 armies in the world with a total number of 24-25 million people (about 0.4% of the world›s population) (Military..., 2002). The state of the troops of any state must correspond to its economic capabilities and at the same time ensure the implementation of national security tasks.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Germany – Armed Forces – Appropriations and expenditures"

1

Miller, David Elston. "The fiscal blank check policy and its impact on Operation Iraqi Freedom." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FMiller%5FDavid.pdf.

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2

Mileshko, Roman. "The evolution of the Defense Budget process in Ukraine, 1991-2006." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FMileshko.pdf.

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Kirby, Jeffrey L. "Transformational budget considerations in pursuit of the total fleet concept." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FKirby%5FJeff.pdf.

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4

Suchomel, Bruce Richard. "A strategic analysis of budgeting for integrated logistical support of defense systems." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/578.

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5

Bessemer, William G. "Transitioning to Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2666.

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The Air Force is currently developing Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV). The UCAV is projected for initial testing by 2010. However, after reviewing the Office of Secretary of Defense's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap for 2005 2030
obtaining squadrons of UCAVs will cost billions of dollars and require decades to produce. The United States cannot afford to wait decades for unmanned weapons. Technology is spreading fast. Third world countries without stable economies and non-state actors are able to obtain/develop sophisticated weapons that are capable of destroying tactical aircraft. With sophisticated weapons easily obtainable, the risk of losing people in air combat is increasing significantly and that in turn is creating a level playing field for potential U.S. adversaries. Unmanned weapons technology can help America retain its military edge. However, since unmanned warfare capability is still decades away and is a multi-billion dollar project, America needs a quick fix. This study will argue that the most effective way to decrease risk-of-life and budget costs is to introduce F-16 Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aircraft for combat. This thesis will answer the question: How can the government seize the unmanned aircraft advantages and decrease defense spending until the UCAV is operational? The answer to this question will illustrate how an effective F-16 UAS force can synchronize resources to properly complete UCAV development while instantly reducing risk of life.

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6

Chiabrishvili, Maia. "Economic Security Environment and Implementation of planning programming, budgeting, execution (PPBE) system in Georgia /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FChiabrishvili.pdf.

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7

Pargac, Petr. "What issues does the Czech Republic face concerning offsets in the context of military purchases." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2611.

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The word "offset" in the broad sense represents reciprocal trade advantages that result from economic agreements. However, as a result of increasing competition among suppliers due to the reduced global defense market, declining military budgets, and other aspects, buyers are able to influence the conditions under which major defense programs are obtained. Not only unions, defense industries, trade associations, and public, but also EU is involved. The Czech Republic as a member of these organizations has to follow their rules as well, and their views and policies regarding offsets might be different. The objective of this project is to examine what issues, if any, the Czech Republic faces concerning offsets implementation in international trade. This study will discuss briefly the history of the Czech Republic's participation in offsets, and its current policy, if any, towards using offset practices. The Czech Republic's goals in offset practices, and government support for them, would be another area of research. The Czech Republic is an EU member and therefore is obliged to follow policies implemented by these institutions. Whether there is any connection between the Czech government policy and EU policies will also be examined. Specifically, the project will focus on what should be done in future offsets implementation, and what to be aware of.

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8

Yu, Tsung-Chi Max. "The impact of US-China relations on Taiwan's military spending (1966-1992)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3100/.

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Previous research has shown that Taiwan's military spending is affected either by China's military buildup or the US's military pipeline. This study investigates whether it is also true an ongoing US-China relationship has dynamic effects. Three major findings are obtained from the statistical analyses. First and foremost, the level of US-China conflict has a contemporaneous positive effect on Taiwan's military spending. Second, the analyses also indicate that the volatility of US-China relations has negative effects on Taiwan's military spending. This finding suggests that instability in US-China relations will prompt Taiwan to decrease its military spending due to a higher amount of perceived security on the one hand, and Taiwan wants to avoid further provoking China on the other. Third, analyses indicate that an error correction model fares better than a simple budgetary incremental model in explaining the re-equilibrating effects of GNP growth on Taiwan's military spending. Overall, the results demonstrate the interplay of domestic and international constraints and may help to predict what will be the expected military spending when Taiwan's economy changes. I suggest that Taiwan's military spending is likely to be influenced by US-China relations as well as by foreign investment and domestic economic constraints as long as the United States policy toward the Taiwan problem remains unchanged.

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9

ZIMMERMANN, Hubert. "Dollars, pounds and transatlantic security : conventional troops and monetary policy in Germany's relations to the United States and the United Kingdom 1955-1967." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6027.

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Defence date: 10 February 1997
Examining board: Prof. Richard T. Griffiths (Supervisor), EUI; Prof. Werner Abelshauser, Universität Bielefeld; Prof. Wolfgang Krieger, Universität Marburg; Prof. Alan S. Milward, EUI; Prof. Gustav Schmidt, Universität Bochum
First made available online 27 June 2017

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10

Lee, Paul. "Finance and financial policy in defence contingencies." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144265.

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Books on the topic "Germany – Armed Forces – Appropriations and expenditures"

1

Gregor, Richter, ed. Die ökonomische Modernisierung der Bundeswehr: Sachstand, Konzeptionen und Perspektiven. Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007.

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2

König, Michael. Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Effizienz der Wehrpflicht: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Bundeswehr. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 2000.

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3

Nation, Joseph E. West German military modernization goals, resources, and conventional arms control. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1991.

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4

Mösinger, Thomas, and Thomas Patrick. Verteidigungs- und Sicherheitsvergaben. München: C.H. Beck, 2014.

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5

Office, National Audit. Ministry of Defence: Costs and financial control of British forces Germany : report by theComptroller and Auditor General. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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6

Sivard, Ruth Leger. World military and social expenditures. Washington: World Priorities, 1996.

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7

Landau, Daniel L. The economic impact of military expenditures. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Policy Research Dept. Word Bank, 1993.

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8

Acharya, Amitav. China's defence expenditures: Trends and implications. North York, Ont., Canada: University of Toronto-York University Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 1994.

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9

Crane, Keith. East Germany's military: Forces and expenditures. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1989.

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10

Herrera, Rémy. Statistics on military expenditure in developing countries: Concepts, methodological problems and sources. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1994.

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