Relevant bibliographies by topics / Germany

Academic literature on the topic 'Germany'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Germany"

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Ivanchenko, T. A. "Features of intercultural communication of Germans in Germany and abroad." Uchenye zapiski St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, no. 1 (April 9, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2541-8106-2022-1-17-23.

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The article describes the specifics of the communicative behavior of Germans in Germany and abroad. The model of communication of Germans within their own country is analyzed. The differences in communicative values between the inhabitants of the eastern and western parts of Germany are described. Highlighted are communicative principles common to all Germans in Germany. The features of the communicative style of the inhabitants of Germany and other German-speaking countries - Austria and Switzerland are studied. The ways of solving the problems of intercultural communication of the inhabitants of German-speaking countries are outlined.
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Maftuna, Karshiboeva. "LITERATURE OF REUNIFIED GERMANY." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue03-04.

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Germany is home to many famous composers, writers, poets, dramatists, philosophers and artists. German (Germanic) culture has been known since the 5th century. BC NS. German culture also includes the culture of Austria and Switzerland, which are politically independent from Germany but inhabited by Germans and belong to this culture.
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von Donat, Marcell. "Neutralism in Germany." Government and Opposition 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1986.tb00029.x.

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IN 1986, THE FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANÇOIS MITTERRAND reminded us that neutralism in Germany was not just a simple reaction to political facts but a very complex constant in recent German history. Is the idea of a neutral Germany or of two neutral German states of any political importance today? Are there still supporters for neutrality in Central Europe? Would it not be normal for some people to think in those terms?In today's relatively tension-free period of East-West relations, the fact may be overlooked that the German situation remains exceptional and that the Germans have a burden to carry which other nations do not have. The Federal Republic of Germany does not have full freedom of choice like for instance, Norway, which is a member of NATO without being a member of the EC, or Ireland which is an EC-member without belonging to NATO. What is considered as a normal option for any other nation might not be permitted for the Germans. Thus the frontline state at the frontier of the two world ideologies cannot claim normal freedom of action.
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Дубинский and Vladimir Dubinskiy. "Non-verbal communication in Germany." Modern Communication Studies 2, no. 4 (August 20, 2013): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/811.

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The article addresses non-verbal communication presenting the national peculiarities of body language in Germany in close correlation with the stereotypical image of the German nation and the language picture of the world. The author gives a typology of German non-verbal communication on the basis of interpersonal interaction. The article illustrates gender differences in non-verbal communication of Germans giving particular attention to its national and international aspects. The author demonstrates the process of acculturation through non-verbal communication of foreigners living in Germany and of Germans living in Russia.
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Panagiotidis, Jannis. "What Is the German’s Fatherland?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 1 (February 2015): 120–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414540934.

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This article deals with the migration of “ethnic Germans” from socialist Eastern Europe to the GDR in the decades after the Second World War. Post-expulsion resettlement from that region is commonly associated with Aussiedler migration to West Germany. Contesting the idea that East Germany displayed no interest in Eastern European Germans, this article shows that the GDR, which challenged the West German claim to be the sole representative of the German nation, also received ethnic German immigrants, mostly from Poland and the USSR. It argues that the distribution of roles between the two German states, with West Germany being the prime destination for resettlers, was not clear from the outset. It was only after Polish–West German “normalization” in 1970 that the FRG became the almost uncontested “fatherland” for Eastern European Germans. West and East German approaches resembled each other as long as they were predicated on humanitarian family reunification. They diverged as the GDR attempted co-ethnic labor recruitment in Poland in the 1960s. These efforts met with limited success, as East Germany was the weakest link in a cross-bloc “tetradic nexus” with the German minority in Poland, the Polish state, and West Germany. Meanwhile, the GDR authorities eyed grass-roots migration initiatives by Soviet Germans with suspicion, as they undermined the government aspiration to control the movement of people. The article finally argues that movement of labor had no priority in the project of socialist economic integration, which gives reason to suspect a link between limited migration and failed COMECON integration.
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Waddington, Keir. "“We Don't Want Any German Sausages Here!” Food, Fear, and the German Nation in Victorian and Edwardian Britain." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 4 (October 2013): 1017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.178.

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AbstractThis essay brings together aspects of the history of science, food, and culture, and applies them to the study of Anglo-German relations and perceptions by examining how between 1850 and 1914 the German sausage was used as a metaphor for the German nation. The essay shows how the concerns that became attached to German sausages not only provide a way of understanding Britain's interaction with Germany but also reveal further dimensions to popular anti-German sentiment. Alarm about what went into German sausages formed part of a growing strand of popular opposition to Germany, which drew on increasing insecurity about Britain's position on the world stage and the perceived economic threat that Germany and German immigrants presented. Such sentiment was translated into how Germans were caricatured and onto material objects—in this case, the “deadly mysteries” that were feared to go into German sausages. Cultural and gastronomic stereotypes overlapped in a discourse that linked Germany and Germans to their national diet and aggressive nature, as well as associated German sausages with fears about diseased meat, adulteration, and the risks that eating them entailed. The result was that the German sausage was used as a staple for satirical comic representations of Germany, as representative of dishonesty in food production, and as a xenophobic slur. Around the German sausage, anti-German sentiment and questions of food safety merged and became mutually reinforcing.
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Iksanov, Ilya S. "The Transformation of the Institution of Citizenship of the European Union in the FRG Laws." Constitutional and municipal law 12 (December 24, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3767-2020-12-73-77.

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The article studies the institution of citizenship in the Federal Republic of Germany (the “FRG”) and analyzes the constitutional provisions of the FRG laws regulating the institution of citizenship. The FRG institution of citizenship is also reviewed in this article from the European law standpoint. Special attention is paid to the correlation of the following concepts: “citizen of Germany”, “German” and “citizen of the European Union”. The concept of “German” is broader than the concept of a “citizen of Germany”, and not only the belonging to the German race is of importance for referring to “Germans”, but also the effective procedure for acceptance of interested parties in Germany.
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Kasatkin, P. I., V. S. Kurske, and I. A. Valiev. "The Role of German Diaspora in Russian-German Relations." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(26) (October 28, 2012): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-5-26-86-97.

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German Diaspora played and plays significant role in Russian-German relations. It is very important for cooperation in humanitarian sphere, education and culture. Key actors are Germany as «the external homeland», German diaspora and Russia as «the accommodation country». In the activity concerning the Russian Germans all three parties are guided by various principles and purposes that sometimes leads to tensions and the conflicts. But as a whole we have to note that the Russian Germans became a constructive link between Germany and Russia.
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Ziemer, Klaus. "The Emergence of New States in Eastern Europe after World War I: The German Impact." TalTech Journal of European Studies 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0007.

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Abstract After World War I, many borders in Europe were redrawn, especially in the northeast and southeast of Germany. Almost all political forces in Germany strived to restore the prewar German borders, especially towards Poland. Even Poland’s very existence was denied by many German political forces. The Baltic States were less important for Germany in this respect. Here the relationship with the Baltic Germans and trade relations prevailed. The independence of these states was in the eyes of German elite subordinated to the relations with Russia. The article presents this pattern of German policy until the Treaty of Rapallo in 1922.
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Madajczyk, Piotr. "Niemiecka wizja miejsca Rosji w multipolarnym świecie." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 25/1 (April 28, 2017): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2017.25.02.

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The commonly held truth is that the attitude of German society and the German elite to Russia is different to the attitude of Poland. This is not entirely true because due to Russian policy, the Germans have become more critical of Russia in the twenty-first century than before. Germany, however, pursues a more global policy than Poland. As Russia and Germany are of great significance in Polish politics, it is important to question the German vision of Russia’s place in today’s multipolar world. This is all the more important given that Germany, as the strongest country in Europe and the one that stabilized the euro zone, has difficulty in defining its role in the international arena. It is only as a result of the recent debate about the hybrid war, that Germany has overcome its unilateral geo-economic perception of the world. It is clear that the Germans are facing a new challenge, which they have not been prepared for.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Germany"

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Felbick, Dieter. "Schlagwörter der Nachkriegszeit 1945-1949." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39981960d.

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Hary, Simone. "'Kyopo' daughters in Germany : the construction of identity among second-generation German-Korean women in Germany." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39685/.

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This thesis explores the construction of identity amongst the second generation of South- Korean migrants to Germany in Frankfurt am Main, focussing mainly on women. Overwhelmingly, when talking about migrants the German media focus on the Turkish minority. Literature follows a similar pattern. However, West Germany recruited South Korean nurses and miners during the 1970s as labour migrants. Today, they and their children constitute the largest South Korean minority in Europe. In this thesis I examine the second generation of the Korean minority in relation to broader discourses on migrants and integration in Germany, and trace the dynamics of identification and self-understanding. Central to these are narratives of shared experiences, of having Korean parents and of living in German society, particularly in relation to discourses in which they are identified as foreigners. Korean parents impart a sense of “Korea” as a source of timeless tradition and practices; whereas “Germany” is a setting for their everyday lives. These shared experiences are mobilised as a framework for negotiating identities. In contrast to the essentialist understanding of identity invoked by Germany society, the second generation describe themselves as kyopo, a Korean term meaning “Korean living in a foreign country” and which, in the German context, means “Second-generation German-Korean living in Germany”. This thesis looks at the ways Korean-Germans articulate the possibilities and limits of kyopo identity in relation to narratives and discourses on ‘Koreanness' and ‘Germanness', and in the context of social interactions. I focus especially on the ways in which this occurs for women, whose experiences are often marginalised in the process of kyopo identity negotiation. They are caught between the need to expose the problems of male privilege and the desire to unite with Korean-German men to contest the German discourse on integration and foreigners that confines them both.
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Rivitz, Joan Strass. "The Third Reich (what German citizens are saying now about then) /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10938679.

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Tallman, Brittany Ann. "The Question of Turkish Integration in the Context of German Identity Conceptions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300456390.

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Allevato, Frank. "Constructing identities and defining the nation Germany since 1949 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=334.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1998.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 112 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-112).
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Onem, Aysel. "Germany." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615748/index.pdf.

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This study explores how the European Union Enlargement policy of Germany as represented by her main political parties, being the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party-SPD) and the Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union-CDU), has evolved after 1990 towards the case of Turkey. These two parties have been analysed because they have clear and different stances towards Turkey&rsquo
s EU Accession process and they have witnessed and shaped watershed events of this process. The study does focus on the incumbencies of Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schrö
der and Angela Merkel. Thereby it relies on both a thorough literature review and also on the screening of plenty of official documents. This study attempts to scrutinize the differences between the stance of the SPD and CDU towards Turkey&rsquo
s EU Accession process. In this vein, it explores the interplay of political reforms and concepts of common culture, identity and history as variables in the altering attitudes of SPD and CDU. Further, this study rests on the ground that there have been breaking points in German support for EU Enlargement first emerged by the end of the Cold War and the concomitant new political climax and second with Turkey&rsquo
s EU Accession process. Ultimately, this study sets on the ground that there has been a shift in Germany&rsquo
s overt support for EU Enlargement which has been triggered by Turkey&rsquo
s entrenched and problematic EU Accession Process.
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Bürgelt, Petra Topaz. "Is New Zealand the right choice? the psychological and social factors influencing the decision for German immigrants to New Zealand to stay in New Zealand or to return to Germany /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/261.

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Benes, Kveta E. "German linguistic nationhood, 1806-66 : philology, cultural translation, and historical identity in preunification Germany /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10455.

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Windell, Jennifer. "Auslanderfeindlichkeit in Contemporary Germany| Not Just an "East German Problem"." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1540568.

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In the years since unification, the phenomenon of xenophobia ( Ausländerfeindlichkeit) in Germany has been largely understood as an "east German problem." The recent discovery of a series of murders by an underground cell of eastern German neo-Nazis – who killed eight Turkish immigrants and one Greek immigrant between 2000 and 2006 – has again directed Germany's attention to the problem of Ausländerfeindlichkeit and right-wing extremism in eastern Germany. Scholars, politicians, and members of the media base their treatment of the subject on the assumption that eastern Germans are more xenophobic than western Germans, despite the fact that very few foreigners actually live in eastern Germany. This thesis employs historical analysis, population data, and public opinion survey data to determine whether or not this assumption holds true.

Ausländerfeindlichkeit, meaning "hostility toward foreigners," is a type of prejudice in which native Germans view non-German immigrants to be inferior based on characteristics such as culture, religion, and ethnicity. In both East and West Germany, as well as in united Germany, Ausländerfeindlichkeit has led to social and institutional discrimination and even violence against foreigners. Since the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent revelation that part of the attacks were planned by immigrants in the northern German city of Hamburg, the primary target of Ausländerfeindlichkeit in Germany has been the country's Muslim population, which is comprised primarily of Turkish immigrants and their German-born offspring. Though many countries around the world experience prejudice within their societies, this problem is of particular importance and interest in the German case because of the country's Nazi past.

German population data shows that only about 5% of the 7.4 million foreigners in Germany live in the eastern part of the country. Foreigners comprise less than 3% of the total population in eastern Germany. Turkish immigrants in particular are highly concentrated in the west and only 1% of the Turkish population lives in eastern Germany. Despite the smaller number of foreigners living in eastern Germany in comparison to western Germany, a majority of the public opinion surveys consulted show that eastern Germans have more negative attitudes towards foreigners than western Germans. Other survey data, on the other hand, finds no statistically significant difference between eastern and western German attitudes towards foreigners, making it unclear if eastern Germans really are more Ausländerfeindlich. The public opinion survey studies consulted also found that Ausländerfeindlich attitudes vary within the eastern and western regions themselves and that in several western German states, anti-foreigner sentiment is just as high as in the east, facts which are obscured when Ausländerfeindlichkeit is only looked at in terms of east and west. Survey data makes it clear that significant portions of both eastern and western German society hold negative attitudes towards foreigners.

In light of these findings, this thesis advocates a shift away from this east-west paradigm in the study of Ausländerfeindlichkeit in Germany. Instead, the issue must be dealt with on the national level, with the recognition that the potentially higher levels of xenophobia in the east do not absolve western Germans of a need to deal with prejudice in their own region.

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Garforth, Julian Alexander. "Samuel Beckett in Germany : his work in the German theatre." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340433.

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Books on the topic "Germany"

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Kim, Woolley, ed. Germany and German. London: Watts, 1992.

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Katharina, Ardagh, ed. Germany and the Germans. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987.

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Katharina, Ardagh, ed. Germany and the Germans. 3rd ed. London: Penguin Books, 1995.

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Ganeri, Anita. Germany and the Germans. North Mankato, Minn: Stargazer Books, 2004.

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Ardagh, John. Germany and the Germans. London: Penguin, 1988.

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Ganeri, Anita. Germany and the Germans. New York: Gloucester Press, 1993.

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Ganeri, Anita. Germany and the Germans. New York: Gloucester Press, 1993.

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Katharina, Ardagh, ed. Germany and the Germans. London: Penguin Books, 1991.

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Maryellen, Fullerton, Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.), and Human Rights Watch (Organization), eds. Germany for Germans: Xenophobia and racist violence in Germany. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995.

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Douglas, Burrington, ed. East Germany: The German Democratic Republic. Oxford, England: Clio Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Germany"

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Amelung, Nina, Rafaela Granja, and Helena Machado. "Germany." In Modes of Bio-Bordering, 55–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8183-0_4.

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Abstract Germany’s DNA database was established in 1998 and grew into one of the mid-sized databases in the EU. Under the leadership of its Minister of the Interior, Germany was among the countries that drove the creation of the Prüm system and was among the first signatories of the Prüm Treaty in 2005. The 2007 German Presidency of the EU, along with the European Commission, also pushed for the integration of the Convention of Prüm into an EU legal framework. In terms of bordering practices, the German situation serves to illustrate an expansive and diffusive mode of debordering. This expansiveness is documented by the country’s early involvement and comprehensive establishment of data exchange with most of the countries in the system; this diffusive character is illustrated by the string-pulling practices employed by Germany, and some other Member States’ governments, to influence transnational police collaboration in the EU.
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Rothenbacher, Franz. "Germany Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic." In The European Population since 1945, 301–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-65612-7_13.

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Riedel, Volker. "Germany and German-Speaking Europe." In A Companion to the Classical Tradition, 169–91. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996775.ch13.

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Henning-Bodewig, Frauke. "Germany." In Antitrust for Small and Middle Size Undertakings and Image Protection from Non-Competitors, 365–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54000-4_20.

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Dreher, Meinrad, and Julia Körner. "Germany." In Antitrust for Small and Middle Size Undertakings and Image Protection from Non-Competitors, 129–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54000-4_8.

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van der Borg, H. H., M. Koning van der Veen, and L. M. Wallace-Vanderlugt. "Germany." In Horticultural Research International, 229–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0003-8_22.

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König, Carsten. "Germany." In Liability for Antitrust Law Infringements & Protection of IP Rights in Distribution, 149–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17550-4_5.

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Palm, Ulrich. "Germany." In A Comparative Look at Regulation of Corporate Tax Avoidance, 149–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2342-9_7.

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Matlary, Janne Haaland. "Germany." In Hard Power in Hard Times, 151–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76514-3_6.

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Wolfgang, Ernst, and M. Thomas. "Germany." In Contributions to Phenomenology, 270–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Germany"

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Rubenis, Rudolfs. "Possibilities to Obtain Higher Education in Germany for Latvian Baltic German Students." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.91.

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With the formation of the Parliamentary Republic of Latvia in the early 1920s, higher education in Latvia underwent the changes that affected the Baltic Germans. The necessity to obtain higher education in the Latvian language was perceived with mixed feelings, and the interest in the establishment and development of the University of Latvia (UL) and involvement in the reorganisation of the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) went hand in hand with the reluctance to accept the full Latvianization of higher education. In the circumstances, the students used contacts established by their student corporations and sought for higher education in Germany, where it could be obtained in German but later equated to the higher education obtained in Latvia. Thus, the aim of the article is to evaluate the possibilities for the Baltic German students from the parliamentary state of Latvia (1920–1934) to study in German universities. The research is based on the documents of UL and Baltic German student corporations from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LVVA), Baltic German student corporation press (journals and anniversary books) kept in the UL Library, UL activity reports (1924–1931) stored in UL Museum history collection and available research on the Baltic German minority in the Parliamentary Republic of Latvia. The study showed that during the parliamentary period, the Latvian Baltic Germans used the state granted minority rights to find alternative ways to obtain higher education in German. The parliamentary system did not discriminate against the Baltic Germans for their use of the German language and allowed them to study in Germany but demanded that their diplomas be equated with the diploma obtained at the UL. The contacts established by student corporations helped Baltic German students to better integrate into the German study environment offering accommodation on the premises of student corporations in Germany. At the same time, additional knowledge through lectures on the political situation of Baltic Germans in the parliamentary state of Latvia did not allow them losing their historical connection with the Baltic region.
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Асташкина, Полина. "Между Россией и Германией: российские немцы и их идентичность (на примере современной поэзии)." In Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/003.

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On the basis of linguistic analysis at different levels of language, the cognitive method and elements of discourse analysis, this article studies ways, how the identity of Russian Germans is represented in poetic texts in Russian and German. Linguistic markers of the identity of Russian Germans, as well as key concepts, are identified, figurative means are analyzed. The article finds out the multiplicity and ambivalence of self-determination of Russian Germans, as well as the inalienability of both countries — Russia and Germany — for their identity.
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Молчанова, Елена. "Немцы на Дальнем Востоке России во второй половине XIX — начале XX вв." In Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/017.

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The article is devoted to the Germans who lived and worked in the Russian Far East in the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries. The author identifies two groups in the German diaspora of the region. The first group is Russia Germans who moved to the Russian Far East from central regions of Russia. They were mostly officials, military personnel, and representatives of the intelligentsia. The second group is Germans who arrived directly from Germany and other countries. Most of them were entrepreneurs and employees of their firms. The article shows the contribution of the Germans to the development of the Far Eastern region of the Russian Empire.
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Schelter, Sebastian, and Jérôme Kunegis. "'Dark Germany'." In WebSci '17: ACM Web Science Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3098880.

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Meyer, Adrian, and Lena-Carolin Lohfink. "Elemental (Germany)." In SA '16: SIGGRAPH Asia 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2997500.2997518.

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Stickel, Viktor, Iring Freytag, Linus Stetter, Iring Freytag, Viktor Stickel, and Paul Maresch. "Child (Germany)." In SA '16: SIGGRAPH Asia 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2997500.2997554.

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Lapp, Martin, Anica Maruhn, and Tobias Gerginov. "BreakingPoint (Germany)." In SA '16: SIGGRAPH Asia 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2997500.2997555.

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Kohlgarth, Elke D. "Historical Waste Products Refurbished in Belgium for Disposal in Germany." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1331.

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Abstract Before 1988 the German service company Transnuklear (TN) had a licence to treat radioactive waste products for interim storage facilities. For this purpose a large amount of radioactive waste was transported to Mol, Belgium. Due to mismanagement at TN all the German waste remained in Belgium until the Belgian and the German government agreed to transfer it back to Germany. By appointment of the licensing and surveillance authorities TÜV Hannover/Sachsen-Anhalt e.V. had been monitoring the quality assurance measures for waste products bound for disposal in a final repository or for interim storage facilities in Germany. Due to insufficient documentation, the characterisation of the different waste types took a long time. Sampling plans were worked out. A stepwise procedure was established to qualify the waste for transportation to Germany. Different techniques have been developed for inspection and sampling of the waste to ensure the fulfilment of the acceptance criteria of the final storage or interim storage facilities. The first waste was transported in 1991. The last waste packages left Belgium in January, 2001.
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Wollscheid, Sabine, Kaja Wendt, and René Krempkow. "Academic time allocations among Early Career Researchers in Germany and Norway." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/6438092812e603bd3f75edd0.

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In Germany and Norway, there have been vivid discussions about precarious working conditions and challenges to balance work- and private life of Early Career Researchers (ECRs). The focus of this article are ECRs in Germany and Norway. ECRs are here defined as PhD students and postdoctoral researchers. PhD students in Norway are to a higher degree scholarship holders and at the same time employed at higher education institutions than their German counterparts. Germany and Norway differ in their historical approaches facilitating gender equality, even though gender policies are converging in both countries. Drawing on data from the German Science Survey 2019, Time-use survey of Norwegian academic staff at higher education institutions and data from the register of research personal in Norway, we explore time allocation for academic activities among ECRs in Norway and Germany considering different context variables (gender, family model, discipline, doctoral training model) providing implications for further research.
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Eichler, Juergen P., Gerhard K. Ackermann, Niklas Moeller, Dietmar Ohlmann, and C. Schneeweiss-Wolter. "Holography in Germany." In Holography 2000, edited by Tung H. Jeong and Werner K. Sobotka. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.402509.

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Reports on the topic "Germany"

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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.

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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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van Ameijden, Erik, Emmy Koster, Rianne de Gelder, Laurens van Buren, and Arpana Verma. Health Profile: Köln, Germany. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3927/171784.

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van Ameijden, Erik, Emmy Koster, Rianne de Gelder, Laurens van Buren, and Arpana Verma. Health Profile: Oberhausen, Germany. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3927/171837.

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Pischke, Jorn-Steffen. Continuous Training in Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5829.

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Abraham, Katharine G., and Susan N. Houseman. Earnings Inequality in Germany. W.E. Upjohn Institute, November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp94-24.

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Sinn, Hans-Werner. Privatization in East Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3998.

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Abraham, Katharine, and Susan Houseman. Earnings Inequality in Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4541.

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Greinert, Jens. Mine Monitoring in the German Baltic Sea 2020; Dumped munition monitoring AL548, 03rd – 16th November 2020, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) „MineMoni-II 2020“. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al548.

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ALKOR cruise AL548 took place as part of the EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund)-funded project BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data inTegration and AI workflows; https://www.basta-munition.eu) and as continuation of the munition monitoring started within the BMBF-funded project UDEMM (Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munition in the Sea; https://udemm.geomar.de/). In October 2018, a first cruise (POS530 MineMoni2018) was conducted, to gather data for a broad baseline study in the German Baltic Sea. Results show a moderate contamination level on regional and coastal scale, but indicate higher levels for specific local areas. Within UDEMM, expertise was developed to detect, exactly locate and monitor munition (e.g. torpedoes, sea mines, ground mines) on the seafloor using optical and hydroacoustic means. In addition, chemical analyses of dissolved contaminants in the water and sediments was performed. Data acquired during this cruise are used in BASTA, which aims for enhanced munition detection via AUV-based artificial intelligence applied on multi-sensor datasets. At the same time, the project ExPloTect (Ex-situ, near-real-time exPlosive compound deTection in seawater) (also EMFF-funded) addresses the need for an innovative approach to detect explosive compounds in seawater. A prototype system was used and successfully tested for the first time during this cruise. The main focus was placed onto the two already known dumpsites Kolberger Heide and Lübeck Bight. Additionally, new areas Falshöft (Schleswig-Holstein) and Cadet Channel, Trollegrund and Großklützhöved (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) were explored. In each area high-resolution multibeam mapping was performed and contact lists, indicating potential munition objects were produced on board. AUV surveys were conducted to ground-truth possible contacts via detailed photograph and magnetometer mapping. This was complemented with towed video (TV)-CTD profiles. The transits to and between those sites were planned along former constraint routes during WWII. These routes were main targets of the British Air Force and mines and bombs can be expected along these ways. During transits water samples were taken with on a CTD- (conductivity, temperature, depth) rosette-mounted Niskin bottles in regular distances, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding munition compounds (inter alia trinitrotoluene (TNT)) measurements across the German Baltic Sea.
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Greinert, Jens. Mine Monitoring in the German Baltic Sea 2022; AL583, 18th - 31st October 2022, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) „MineMoni-IV 2022“, ALKOR-Report AL583. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al583.

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ALKOR cruise AL583 took place as part of the EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund)‐funded projects BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data detection in and AI workflows; https://www.basta‐munition.eu) and ExPloTect (Ex‐situ, near‐real‐time detection compound detection in seawater) (also EMFF‐funded). It was the continuation of the munition monitoring started within the BMBF‐funded project UDEMM (Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munition in the Sea; https://udemm.geomar.de/) and is already part of the new project CONMAR (https://conmar‐ munition.eu/) as part of the DAM mission sustainMare (https://www.sustainmare.de/). Additional sampling supported chemical analysis method development within the MarTERA project AMMOTRACe (Marine AMMunitiOn dump site exploration by surface‐ and underwater‐based laser mass spectrometric TRACing technology; https://www.geomar.de/en/ammotrace ). The original plan was to first work for one week in the North Sea and have a crew change after one week in Kiel and continue working in the Baltic Sea. This plan changed; ALKOR worked instead in Baltic Sea in support of for the Federal Public Prosecutor General and the Federal Police during the first week. The change of crew happened on 18th October in Kiel and the original Baltic Sea cruise was conducted as planned.
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Goldstein, Joshua R., and Michaela R. Kreyenfeld. East Germany overtakes West Germany: recent trends in order-specific fertility dynamics. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2010-033.

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