Journal articles on the topic 'Germans in Brazil'
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Dickman, Steven, and Ricardo Bonalume Neto. "Germans aid Brazil." Nature 340, no. 6228 (July 1989): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/340008b0.
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Lykov, Egor. "Sprache und Sprachen der Volga German Studies Eine globale Perspektive." Zagreber germanistische Beiträge 28 (2020): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/zgb.28.7.
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This paper analyses the language usage in the most recent publications related to Volga German Studies as an interdisciplinary research field dealing with the language, history and culture of Volga Germans. Individual historiographies from the US, Canada, Germany, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Georgia, Brazil and Argentina will be compared concerning the various languages of scientific publications. Particular attention will be paid to scientific communication between these national research centers, and the role of bilingual publications in the scientific discourse of the discipline will be focused upon. Furthermore, the influence of the increasing role of English in the scientific discourse on Volga German Studies will be discussed.
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Kamphoefner, Walter D. "Who Went South? The German Ethnic Niche in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres." Social Science History 41, no. 3 (2017): 363–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.13.
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This article examines the demographic and occupational selectivity of German immigration to South America (primarily Argentina and Brazil) and Australia, compared to Germans bound for the United States, and the geographic and occupational niches they occupied at various destinations. It draws upon both individual-level and aggregate data from censuses and migration records on three continents to examine occupational profiles, urbanization rates, sex ratios, age structure, and age heaping as a rough measure of “quality,” among German immigrants to these destinations, concluding that immigration to the United States tended to be the least selective.
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Schmitt, Felix. "How Cultural Differences Affect the Adoption and Effectiveness of Green Marketing Strategies in Germany." International Journal of Strategic Marketing Practice 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijsmp.2457.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate how cultural differences affect the adoption and effectiveness of green marketing strategies in Germany.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Cultural differences significantly impact green marketing in Germany. Germans prioritize authenticity, quality, and performance, alongside environmental consciousness. Trust is crucial, with consumers valuing transparency and credibility in marketing. While price sensitivity remains, competitive pricing enhances success. Tailoring strategies to align with German values is essential for effective engagement and promoting sustainability.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social identity theory, consumer engagement theory & gratifications theory may be used to anchor future studies on how cultural differences affect the adoption and effectiveness of green marketing strategies in Germany. Fast-food brands should prioritize measurement and evaluation of social media marketing efforts to assess their impact on brand equity. Government agencies and regulatory bodies in Brazil should collaborate with industry stakeholders to develop guidelines and best practices for social media marketing in the fast-food industry.
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Schulze, Frederik. "German Missionaries, Race, and Othering Entanglements and Comparisons between German Southwest Africa, Indonesia, and Brazil." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000235.
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Recent approaches in global history and postcolonial studies have pointed to global aspects of colonialism and suggested that the history of colonialism should not be described just as a unidirectional history of power, because the reverberations of colonialism within the metropolis were also important. If we reflect further, we might ask not only if the metropolis and the colonies were entangled, but also if different colonial contexts had connections to one another. Pursuing this in the case of missionary activities, Rebekka Habermas recently demanded that scholars connect missionary history and global history so as to examine the global entanglements of the mission. She drew attention to missionary societies’ active on a global scale. It stands to reason that missionary societies, as global actors, pursued similar politics in different regions and, therefore, different regions and contexts were thereby connected. But is it possible to show direct entanglements between individual mission contexts? Can we explain certain practices and discourses in colonial situations better if we look at other regional contexts?In testing these questions, the case of the so-called “emigrant mission” (Auswanderermission), directed at Germans emigrants to Brazil by a sister organisation of the Protestant Rhenish Missionary Society, is instructive. Strangely, Habermas mentioned neither the Americas nor the emigrant mission when she proposed the analysis of global entanglements of the mission, as if there had been no missionary activities in the Americas. But it is exactly this kind of entanglement that seems most interesting, the entanglement between regions with apparently different histories. This paper tries to address this lacuna by asking if the history of the emigrant mission in Brazil can be linked with “normal” missionary contexts of, for example, missions directed at non-Europeans, in order to understand why certain discourses were circulating in Brazil. In this instance, the former German colony of Southwest Africa and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Nias serve as classical missionary examples, as the Rhenish Missionary Society was very active in these regions. In considering relations between German emigrants in Brazil, the German colony in Africa, and the German mission in a Dutch colony, one must remember that Brazil, although it figured very prominently in German colonial debates of the nineteenth century, was not a formal German colony.
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Leeseberg, Norbert H., and Frederick C. Luebke. "Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict during World War I." International Migration Review 22, no. 4 (1988): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546360.
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Hilton, Stanley E., and Frederick C. Luebke. "Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict during World War I." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (November 1988): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515746.
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Newton, Ronald C., and Fredierk C. Luebke. "Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Confict during the World I." American Historical Review 94, no. 2 (April 1989): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867033.
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Panayi, P. "Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict During World War One." German History 7, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/7.2.273.
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Hilton, Stanley E. "Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict During World War I." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.4.875a.
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Schallhorn, Christiana. "Samba, sun and social issues: How the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympics changed perceptions of Germans about Brazil." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 5 (February 5, 2019): 603–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218822994.
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The host countries for mega-sporting events aim to become more visible and to be perceived positively by the global audience because of the media coverage around the event. The media’s influence on people’s perceptions is expected to be particularly high if the audience has no direct experience and little prior knowledge of the hosting nation, and thus depends on the media for information. Using a panel survey ( N = 76) with three rounds of data collection, this longitudinal study explores how television viewers’ perceptions of Brazil changed from before the 2014 FIFA World Cup to after this event, and after the 2016 Olympic Games hosted by Brazil. The results indicate that perceptions about topics related to Brazil (e.g. crime risk, standard of living, economic situation) have generally become more negative over time. Further, although associations with Brazil were very positive before the FIFA World Cup, respondents tended to associate more negative ideas with Brazil over time. Surprisingly, the intention to travel to Brazil increased after Brazil hosted the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics. Broader international significance of the findings for both host countries of mega-sporting events and broadcasting countries are discussed.
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Leeseberg, Norbert H. "Book Review: Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict during World War I." International Migration Review 22, no. 4 (December 1988): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200416.
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Sarkar, Jayita. "U.S. Policy to Curb West European Nuclear Exports, 1974–1978." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 2 (May 2019): 110–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00877.
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After India's detonation of a nuclear explosive in 1974 publicly demonstrated the proliferation risks from nuclear assistance, the U.S. government increased its efforts to control nuclear exports worldwide. In doing so, U.S. policymakers faced challenges from two major West European allies, France and West Germany, both of which pursued their commercial interests through nuclear exports to countries such as Pakistan, Brazil, Iran, and India, among others. Despite multilateral efforts including the formation of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and bilateral negotiations with the supplier governments, the administrations of Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter attained only partial success. The commercial interests of nuclear firms, the influence of pro-export coalitions inside supplier countries, and the emerging importance of the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries as alternative suppliers influenced the outcome. The United States was more successful in restraining the French through a series of quid pro quo arrangements than it ever was with the West Germans. Using recently declassified archival documents, this article sheds new light on U.S. nonproliferation policy in the aftermath of the 1973 oil price shock.
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Neander, Joachim. "Symbolically burying the six million: post-war soap burial in Romania, Bulgaria and Brazil." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 1 (2016): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.2.1.3.
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During the Second World War and its aftermath, the legend was spread that the Germans turned the bodies of Holocaust victims into soap stamped with the initials RIF, falsely interpreted as made from pure Jewish fat. In the years following liberation, RIF soap was solemnly buried in cemeteries all over the world and came to symbolise the six million killed in the Shoah, publicly showing the determination of Jewry to never forget the victims. This article will examine the funerals that started in Bulgaria and then attracted several thousand mourners in Brazil and Romania, attended by prominent public personalities and receiving widespread media coverage at home and abroad. In 1990 Yad Vashem laid the Jewish soap legend to rest, and today tombstones over soap graves are falling into decay with new ones avoiding the word soap. RIF soap, however, is alive in the virtual world of the Internet and remains fiercely disputed between believers and deniers.
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Largman, Esther Regina, and Robert M. Levine. "Jews in the Tropics: Bahian Jews in the Early Twentieth Century." Americas 43, no. 2 (October 1986): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007436.
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A monarchy based on the slave plantation labor of Africans until the late nineteenth century, vast Brazil offered little appeal to European immigrants except in the far south of the country, where smaller plots of arable land became available as the coffee frontier expanded. Facing shortages in slave supply after mid-century, when the British forced the Brazilians to end the trans-Atlantic slave trade, provincial governments attempted to lure European immigrants by granting subsidies to pay for transport and for initial costs of settlements. In 1881, the Imperial government joined in the effort to recruit immigrants who, in addition to providing a replenished work force, could also be counted on to “whiten” the population. Germans predominated among immigrants until 1886, followed by Italians, Poles, and some Japanese until the 1930's, when rising xenophobia led Brazilian officials to curtail immigration and to install a restrictive quota system.
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Rigon, Letícia, Larissa Degenhart, and Ramiro Ribeiro. "Country and corporate characteristics improve environmental, social, and governance disclosure?" Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil 22 (May 26, 2023): e3345. http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662202333452.
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This research analyzed the country and corporate characteristics influencing companies’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure in Brazil and Germany. The methodology is descriptive, quantitative, and documentary, analyzing the period from 2010 to 2019 of Brazilian companies from Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) and German companies from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Regarding the analyzed country characteristics (carbon emissions and GDP), it was evidenced that carbon emissions positively influence the ESG disclosure of Brazilian companies and negatively in the scenario of German companies. GDP showed a negative relationship with the ESG disclosure of Brazilian companies. The corporate variables: market to book, liquidity, and financial leverage, were negatively related to the ESG disclosure of companies in Brazil and Germany. Business risk showed a positive relationship with the ESG disclosure of companies in Germany. These results reveal that different countries and corporate characteristics have implications for the ESG disclosure of Brazilian and German companies. This research helps companies by highlighting which country and corporate characteristics tend to improve ESG disclosure. It aims to promote greater discussions in the literature about factors little explored in studies that tend to improve environmental, social, and governance actions and benefit companies, the environment, and society. Furthermore, it adds knowledge to the literature on the impacts of country and corporate characteristics on the environmental, social, and governance disclosure of companies in developing (Brazil) and developed (Germany) countries.
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Ramos-Oliveira, Diana, and Andrzej Pankalla. "Negative stereotypes: an analysis of Social Cognition in different ethnic groups. Social cognition of stereotypes." Psicogente 22, no. 42 (July 10, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/psico.22.42.3501.
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Introduction: The processes related to social cognitions contribute as a traumatic and stressful event for some ethnic and minority groups, causing a series of psychic suffering in individuals. Social cognition considered stereotypes as characteristics of a group included in its mental representation.
Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the negative stereotypes in two cultures with very different history and geopolitical context, especially how stereotypes are reflected in the cognitive component of prejudiced attitudes.
Method: Four hundred fifty one (N=451) undergraduate students volunteered to take part in the study, the participants came from careers in the area of Social Sciences and Humanities in the non-probabilistic sample. After receiving the information, participants completed Negative Stereotype Index. A descriptive analysis and the T-test to know the differences between the perception and self-perception of the groups.
Results: Show that negative stereotype traits in Poland and Brazil, found negative stereotypic traits attributed to an out-group resulted in more unfavorable evaluations than descriptions consisting of positive attributes. In both groups, and their antecedents were associated with negative out-group attitudes, however, is a more general and more important one.
Conclusion: The findings found that expectations about the out group and negative stereotypes occur in conjunction with other negative emotions, which intensify negative out-group attitudes. The assessment that the Poles made of the Germans was like that of the Brazilians of the Argentines or of a group of relatively higher status. That is, they considered the Germans as more arrogant, sincere and less modest. The different groups of people may dislike each other for similar reasons. Explanations are offered for the limitations of the study and proposal for future research.
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Blank, Júlia Taynara, Ernani Tiaraju de Santa Helena, Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno, Raul D. Santos, Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus, and Luciane Coutinho de Azevedo. "Consumo de carnes por adultos e idosos de uma cidade de colonização alemã do sul do Brasil: estudo de base populacional." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 28, no. 1 (January 2023): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023281.01932022.
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Resumo O consumo excessivo de carnes, em especial as vermelhas e processadas, está associado ao aumento da morbi-mortalidade. O padrão de consumo de carnes varia no Brasil e no mundo influenciado por fatores econômicos e culturais. O estudo buscou analisar o consumo de carnes por adultos e idosos de uma cidade de colonização alemã do sul do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo populacional seccional. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficas e de consumo de carne por Questionário de Frequência Alimentar previamente validado. Foram analisadas as frequências, e as quantidades por tipo de carne e processamento. A associação entre o consumo excessivo de carne e as variáveis de estudo foi estimada por Razão de Prevalência. Entre os 1.941 participantes, a média de carne consumida foi de 250 g/dia, sendo a carne não processada branca (138 g/dia) a mais consumida, com destaque para as aves (80 g/dia). A prevalência de consumo excessivo de carne vermelha e processada (mais que 500 g/semana) foi de 63%, principalmente entre os homens (RP=1,6; IC95% 1,5-1,8), de 20 a 29 anos (RP=1,4; IC95% 1,2-1,5), e mais alta classe econômica (RP=1,2; IC95% 1,0-1,3). O consumo excessivo de carne vermelha e processada entre homens jovens de classe econômica alta deve ser alvo de ações de saúde pública para a adequação no consumo alimentar.
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Bruzzi Curi, Luiz Felipe, Danilo Barolo Martins De Lima, and Vinícius Bivar Marra Pereira. "GERMAN ECONOMIC STRATEGIES FOR BRAZIL: AUTARKY AND EXTENDED ECONOMIC SPACE IN THE 1930s." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 37, no. 3 (April 29, 2019): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000119.
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ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the relationship between the development of the concepts of autarky and «economy of the extended space» in the German-speaking world and the framing of economic relations between Germany and Brazil in the 1930s. According to this «autarkic» way of conceiving economics, in order to thrive, an economy has to be autonomous regarding its supply of necessary inputs. Proposals presented in the Annual Reports transmitted to the German Foreign Office by German diplomatic representatives in Brazil encouraged, for example, the negotiation of bilateral trade agreements and the expansion of the Brazilian production of strategic inputs for Germany. The choice of Karl Ritter, an expert in economic matters, as ambassador to Brazil is also representative of this strategy.
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Witt, Marcos Antônio. "O BRASIL DE WEECH E BÖSCHE EM SEUS RELATOS DE VIAGEM." Revista Prâksis 1 (January 11, 2021): 05. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rpr.v1i0.2399.
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O presente texto tem como objetivo comparar as obras “A agricultura, o comércio e o sistema de colonização no Brasil”, de Friedrich von Weech, e “Quadros alternados”, de Eduard Theodor Bösche, publicadas originalmente em 1828 e 1836, na Alemanha, pela Editora Hoffmann und Campe, de Hamburgo. Ambos os livros foram reeditados em 2017 e 2014, respectivamente, pelas Editoras Unisinos e Oikos, do Brasil, com edição revista e ampliada. Em termos metodológicos, o uso da História Comparada permitiu que se aprofundasse a análise sobre a construção da imagem do Brasil e o quanto os relatos de viagem influenciaram na decisão de emigrar para a América, especialmente para o Brasil. Os resultados alcançados demonstram que as editoras e os leitores alemães estavam ávidos por este tipo de literatura, veiculado na forma de livros e/ou de fascículos encartados nos jornais da Europa do Oitocentos. Deste modo, os escritos de Weech e Bösche circularam por diversos ambientes – lares, comércio, praças, departamentos públicos – construindo determinadas imagens sobre o Brasil. Assim, é possível analisá-los sob o prisma dos relatos de viagem.Palavras-chave: Alemanha. Brasil. Eduard Theodor Bösche. Friedrich von Weech. Relatos de viagem.ABSTRACTThis present text aims to compare the writings “The agriculture, the trade and the system of colonization in Brazil “, written by Friedrich von Weech, and “ Alternate Pictures”, by Eduard Theodor Bösche, originally published in 1828 and 1836, in Germany, by the Hoffmann und Campe publishing house. Both books were reissued in 2017 and 2014, respectively, by Unisinos and Oikos publishing companies of Brazil, with revised and expanded edition. In methodological terms, the use of Compared History allowed a deeper analysis about the construction of the image of Brazil and of how much the travel reports influenced in the decision to immigrate to America, especially to Brazil. The results reached demonstrated that the publishing houses and the German readers were avid for this kind of literature, presented in the form of books and\or inserted booklets in European newspapers from the nineteenth century. In this way, it is possible to analyze them from the perspective of the travel reports.Keywords: Germany. Brazil. Eduard Theodor Bösche. Friedrich von Weech. Travel reports.
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Witt, Marcos Antônio. "O BRASIL DE WEECH E BÖSCHE EM SEUS RELATOS DE VIAGEM." Revista Prâksis 1 (January 11, 2021): 05. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rpr.v1i0.2399.
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O presente texto tem como objetivo comparar as obras “A agricultura, o comércio e o sistema de colonização no Brasil”, de Friedrich von Weech, e “Quadros alternados”, de Eduard Theodor Bösche, publicadas originalmente em 1828 e 1836, na Alemanha, pela Editora Hoffmann und Campe, de Hamburgo. Ambos os livros foram reeditados em 2017 e 2014, respectivamente, pelas Editoras Unisinos e Oikos, do Brasil, com edição revista e ampliada. Em termos metodológicos, o uso da História Comparada permitiu que se aprofundasse a análise sobre a construção da imagem do Brasil e o quanto os relatos de viagem influenciaram na decisão de emigrar para a América, especialmente para o Brasil. Os resultados alcançados demonstram que as editoras e os leitores alemães estavam ávidos por este tipo de literatura, veiculado na forma de livros e/ou de fascículos encartados nos jornais da Europa do Oitocentos. Deste modo, os escritos de Weech e Bösche circularam por diversos ambientes – lares, comércio, praças, departamentos públicos – construindo determinadas imagens sobre o Brasil. Assim, é possível analisá-los sob o prisma dos relatos de viagem.Palavras-chave: Alemanha. Brasil. Eduard Theodor Bösche. Friedrich von Weech. Relatos de viagem.ABSTRACTThis present text aims to compare the writings “The agriculture, the trade and the system of colonization in Brazil “, written by Friedrich von Weech, and “ Alternate Pictures”, by Eduard Theodor Bösche, originally published in 1828 and 1836, in Germany, by the Hoffmann und Campe publishing house. Both books were reissued in 2017 and 2014, respectively, by Unisinos and Oikos publishing companies of Brazil, with revised and expanded edition. In methodological terms, the use of Compared History allowed a deeper analysis about the construction of the image of Brazil and of how much the travel reports influenced in the decision to immigrate to America, especially to Brazil. The results reached demonstrated that the publishing houses and the German readers were avid for this kind of literature, presented in the form of books and\or inserted booklets in European newspapers from the nineteenth century. In this way, it is possible to analyze them from the perspective of the travel reports.Keywords: Germany. Brazil. Eduard Theodor Bösche. Friedrich von Weech. Travel reports.
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Figueiredo, Eberval Gadelha, Saul Almeida da Silva, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, Evgenii Belykh, Alessandro Carotenuto, Leandro Borba Moreira, Robert F. Spetzler, T. Forcht Dagi, and Mark C. Preul. "Travels to the tropics: Deutschtum and Fedor Krause’s visits to Brazil." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 6 (June 2020): 1977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.12.jns182063.
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Fedor Krause, the father of German neurosurgery, traveled to Latin America twice in the final years of his career (in 1920 and 1922). The associations and motivations for his travels to South America and his work there have not been well chronicled. In this paper, based on a review of historical official documents and publications, the authors describe Krause’s activities in South America (focusing on Brazil) within the context of the Germanism doctrine and, most importantly, the professional enjoyment Krause reaped from his trips as well as his lasting influence on neurosurgery in South America. Fedor Krause’s visits to Brazil occurred soon after World War I, when Germany sought to reestablish economic, political, cultural, and scientific power and influence. Science, particularly medicine, had been chosen as a field capable of meeting these needs. The advanced German system of academic organization and instruction, which included connections and collaborations with industry, was an optimal means to reestablish the economic viability of not only Germany but also Brazil. Krause, as a de facto ambassador, helped rebuild the German image and reconstruct diplomatic relations between Germany and Brazil. Krause’s interactions during his visits helped put Brazilian neurosurgery on a firm foundation, and he left an indelible legacy of advancing professionalism and specialization in neurosurgery in Brazil.
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B. de Barros, Luiz Felipe. "A história por trás da foto." Aviation in Focus - Journal of Aeronautical Sciences 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2179-703x.2016.1.24129.
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Este artigo, intitulado “A história por trás da foto”, tem por objetivo resgatar uma passagem singular e esquecida da aviação comercial brasileira, especialmente nas décadas de 1930 e 1940. Utiliza-se o método monográfico e bibliográfico para, a partir da análise detalhada de uma fotografia sem qualquer relevância, descortinar e revelar a forte influência germânica na América do Sul. Mostra-se os reflexos da cultura germânica, principalmente no modal aéreo, bem como as particularidades das relações Brasil-Alemanha-Brasil após a Primeira Guerra Mundial.********************************************************************A story behind the photoAbstract: This article, entitled “The story behind the photo”, aims to examine a unique and forgotten period from Brazilian commercial aviation, principally from the decades of the 1930s and 1940s. The monographic and bibliographic method attempts, from a detailed analysis of the photograph, to discover and reveal the strong Germanic influence in South America. It shows the effects of the German culture, especially on air transportation, as well as the characteristics of the Brazil-Germany-Brazil relationship after the First World War.Keywords: History of Aviation; Photography; Aircraft; Porto Alegre
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Mahlich, Lukas, Christopher Jung, and Rüdiger Schaldach. "The Biodiversity Footprint of German Soy-Imports in Brazil." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316272.
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By importing agricultural commodities, Germany causes ecological impacts in other countries. One of these impacts is the loss of biodiversity in the producing regions. This paper presents a new method that combines agricultural trade data with land cover and biodiversity data to assess these effects within an agricultural supply chain, in a spatially explicit manner. It considers the current state of biodiversity expressed by the biodiversity intactness index (BII) of the producing region as well as changes over time. As an example, the impacts of German soy imports from Brazil were assessed for the time steps 2004, 2011 and 2018. In the first step, the soybean cultivation area used for exports to Germany was assigned to the respective municipalities by using the TRASE database. In the second step, a GIS-based analysis was conducted to determine the resulting impacts on biodiversity. In 2018, 70% of German soy imports from Brazil originated from municipalities with ecosystems that are not intact anymore (50%) or even severely disturbed (20%). Total German soy imports from Brazil in 2018 reduced the BII by 0.03 percent points compared to 1997. The main advantage of the presented method is that the biodiversity impact is quantifiable for both a commodity and the consuming country.
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Panayi, P. "Book Reviews : Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict During World War One. By Frederick C. Luebke. London: Louisiana State University Press. 1987. xiii + 248 pp. 30.90." German History 7, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635548900700218.
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Kaufmann, Göz, Rafael Vetromille-Castro, Bernardo Kolling Limberger, and Helena Dos Santos Kieling. "MINORITY GROUPS AND LANGUAGE DIVERSITY IN GERMANY AND BRAZIL: AN INTERVIEW WITH GÖZ KAUFMANN (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG, GERMANY)." Caderno de Letras, no. 35 (January 19, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/cdl.v0i35.17784.
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Göz Kaufmann, who obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, in 1997, completed his habilitation treatise in 2016 and received the venia legendi (livre docência) in German Linguistics from the University of Freiburg, Germany. He holds a permanent position as a senior lecturer (Akademischer Oberrat) for linguistics in the German Department of the University of Freiburg. Kaufmann’s main research areas are sociolinguistics, language contact, language variation, and language change. In the area of language variation and change, his focus is on German minority varieties spoken in South America, particularly Mennonite Low German and Pomerano. Aside from lexical and morphological variation, he analyzes syntactic variation in these varieties combining variationist and generative approaches. Göz Kaufmann worked in Brazil as a guest professor and representative of the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) at the UFRGS and the USP. At the University of Pelotas (UFPel), he has already taught several courses and presented numerous talks. For more information, see http://paul.igl.uni-freiburg.de/kaufmann/?Home
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Albert, Bill. "Shorter Notices - Frederick C. Luebke: Germans in Brazil. A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict During World War I (Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987, £30.90). Pp. xiii + 248." Journal of Latin American Studies 20, no. 1 (May 1988): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00002856.
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Gracheva, M. "Germany’s Trade with Russia and other BRIC Countries: Comparative Analysis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2010): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-11-21-26.
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By analyzing the Russian-German trade commodity composition in 1996–2008 and comparing it to corresponding figures of Brazil, India and China, it is attempted to answer the question: what are the perspectives of export from Russia to Germany, which includes non-resource export, predominantly high value added goods?
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Orsatto, Luis Felipe, Clea Beatriz Macagnan, and Anderson Quevedo do Nascimento. "THE LEVEL OF DISCLOSURE OF SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION OF CREDIT UNIONS IN BRAZIL AND GERMANY." International Journal of Professional Business Review 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2024): e04709. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i6.4709.
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Objective: This research aims to analyze the level of disclosure of sustainability information, which mitigates information asymmetry, of Brazilian and German credit unions. Theoretical Framework: The study draws upon literature concerning sustainability information disclosure, information asymmetry, governance, and the role of credit unions in promoting transparency and corporate social responsibility. Method: The study was conducted with a sample of the 30 largest credit unions in Brazil and Germany, totaling 60 credit unions. Sixty indicators across four categories of sustainability were employed, analyzed in the annual reports of the sampled cooperatives from the year 2021. Subsequently, Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized to compare the level of compliance between the cooperatives in Brazil and Germany. Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the disclosure of sustainability information between Brazilian and German credit unions, with the latter exhibiting higher disclosure in their annual reports. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was observed in the disclosure of economic and environmental information between the two countries, while differences in the social and cultural pillars were not evidenced. Research Implications: The findings of this study hold significant implications for credit unions, emphasizing the need for increased transparency and disclosure of sustainability information, particularly in the Brazilian context. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into sustainability information disclosure in credit unions, particularly through a comparison of practices between Brazil and Germany. Additionally, it underscores the importance of transparency and corporate social responsibility in this sector.
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Topolansky Barbe, Federico, Magdalena Gonzalez Triay, and Cornelia Häufele. "The competitiveness of the Uruguayan rural tourism sector and its potential to attract German tourists." Competitiveness Review 26, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-06-2015-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the competitiveness of the Uruguayan rural tourism sector against its main competitors from Argentina and Brazil, as perceived by Uruguayan stakeholders on the supply side. The paper will also evaluate the potential of Uruguay as a rural tourism destination in attracting German tourists. Design/methodology/approach – Two different questionnaires were administered, one to Uruguayan rural tourism stakeholders and another one to potential German tourists in Germany. Findings – The findings indicate that the main strengths of Uruguayan rural tourism offer, compared to Argentina and Brazil, are the hospitality and friendliness of local people, the natural and cultural attractions and the country’s security and safety. Main weaknesses identified were the poor management of several destination components that are key to create a successful tourism destination and poor management of the “demand conditions” component of Dwyer and Kim’s (2003) integrated model. Originality/value – There is very limited research done on the competitiveness of Uruguay as a rural tourist destination in attracting foreign tourists (Mackinnon et al., 2009). The objective of this study is to partially fill this gap by assessing how competitive Uruguayan rural tourism is and evaluating whether Uruguay represents an attractive market for German tourists looking for agro tourism and farm holiday destinations. The German market was chosen because it is one of the top tourist-generating countries and one of the biggest spenders in international tourism (The World Tourism organization, 2010). Moreover, most tourists – from outside South America – selecting Uruguay as a tourist destination come from Germany, USA and Australia (Peralta, 2012).
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Freitas spinelli, Teniza Iara. "Germany to Southern Brazil." Museum International 44, no. 1 (March 1992): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1992.tb01023.x.
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Santos, Gildenir Carolino. "Editorial English." ETD - Educação Temática Digital 12, no. 2 (December 19, 2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/etd.v12i2.1183.
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We are pleased to be releasing another issue of ETD - Digital Thematic Education, which brings works resulting from the scientific exchange between Brazil and Germany, under the theme: "North-south connection in qualitative research: the multi-sight to the Brazilian and German text and image". In this issue we have 05 contributions to ARTICLES Section, 06 works in the SEARCH section, ending up with 02 contributions to the EXPERIENCE REPORT section.
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Converse, Christel K. "Germans in Brazil. A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict During World War I. By Frederick C. Luebke. (Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1987. Pp. xiii, 248. Illustrations. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $32.50.)." Americas 45, no. 3 (January 1989): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007233.
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Fonseca, Maria Angela Peter da, and Elomar Antonio Callegaro Tambara. "Deutsche Schule urbana - Collegio Allemão de Pelotas na rota da Verein Für das Deutschtum im Ausland (V.D.A.), 1921-1925, 1933 / Urban Deutsche Schule – German College of Pelotas on the Verein Für das Deutschtum im Ausland (V.D.A.) Route, 1921-1925, 1933." Revista de História e Historiografia da Educação 2, no. 6 (May 8, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rhhe.v2i6.66034.
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Neste artigo enfoca-se o papel dos visitantes que chegavam à Deutsche Schule urbana, Collegio Allemão de Pelotas, no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, provenientes da Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland (V.D.A.), (Sociedade de Apoio ao Deutschtum no Exterior), em 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 e 1933, situada em Hamburgo e Berlim, na Alemanha. O objetivo desses visitantes era inspecionar o projeto educacional alemão e a manutenção do Deutschtum, que mesclava elementos do nacionalismo alemão, vigente, à cultura escolar deste educandário em tempos de Nacionalização do Ensino no Brasil. Consequência dessas visitas era o envio de livros, material didático e professores alemães, bem como a troca de correspondência entre os alunos do educandário de Pelotas e alunos alemães. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental cujas fontes principais são os Relatórios Escolares da Deutsche Schule de Pelotas dos anos 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 e 1933.* * *This paper focuses on the role of visitors arriving at the urban Deutsche Schule, German College of Pelotas, in the south of Rio Grande do Sul from the Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland (VDA), a Society for Supporting Deutschtum Abroad, in 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1933, located in Hamburg and Berlin, Germany. The purpose of these visitors was to inspect the German educational project and the maintenance of the Deutschtum, which merged elements of German nationalism, in force, into the school culture of this educandário in times of Nationalization of Teaching in Brazil. The consequence of these visits was the sending of books, didactic material and German teachers, as well as the exchange of correspondence between the students of the educator of Pelotas and German students. It is a qualitative, bibliographical and documentary research whose main sources are the School Reports of the Deutsche Schule of Pelotas of years 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1933.
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Bärsch, Sven-Eric. "The Definitions of Dividends and Interest Contained in the OECD Model, Actual Tax Treaties, and the German Model." Intertax 42, Issue 6/7 (June 1, 2014): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2014042.
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Tax treaties distinguish between dividends and interest, and entitle recipients of this remuneration derived from financial instruments to different treaty benefits in the source country in particular. Hence, the definitions of dividends and interest for tax treaty purposes are decisive. This article presents and compares these definitions contained in the OECD Model and the tax treaties agreed by Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. It offers an analysis of the definitions of dividends and interest outlined in the German Model and reveals that legal certainty is not fully achieved. Moreover, the German Model does not comprehensively prevent the effect of hybrid mismatch arrangements.
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Trunov, Philipp. "THE DIALOGUE OF THE FRG WITH LATIN AMERICA’ STATES: POLITICAL-MILITARY ASPECTS." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 3 (2022): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.03.06.
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The article analyses the state of German bilateral relations with South America’ states in defense and security field. The decline in the dialogue between Germany and Latin America’ countries during the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be more significant than in other regional areas . The key reason is the difficulties in strengthening German strategic positions on the continent in the second half of the 2010. The paper stresses the functional and geographical narrowness of German political and diplomatic opportunities. In the military sphere the cooperation was mainly reduced to the export of weapons produced in Germany. In its attempts to create strategic positions in South America official Berlin has traditionally focused on strengthening relations with Brazil. The factor of non-diversification of Germany’s regional contacts has been fully manifested in the situation of stagnation and degradation of German-Brazilian relations in the second half of the 2010-s. The reasons of it are not only the specificities of president J. Bolsonaro`s foreign policy, but also the fact that transition to the declared new levels of cooperation (strategic partnership since 2008, the launch of interstate consultations format in 2015) was not supported by a corresponding increase of the volumes of practical cooperation in the field of security and defense. In this context the author focuses on relaunching German-Brazilian bilateral relations as well as the FRG attempts to make dialogue with Argentine, Chile and Mexico more active. At the same time Berlin tries to increase efforts for ensuring peace in Columbia and for settlement of the situation around Venezuela. Failures in creating its own vaccine against COVID-19 did not allow Germany to use a potential «window of opportunity» in strengthening its strategic positions in Latin America.
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Kerber, Alessander, and Cleber Cristiano Prodanov. "Identidades relacionadas ao espaço geográfico: a nação brasileira e a cidade de Novo Hamburgo/RS (1927-1945)." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2009v11n2p119.
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O texto analisa as lutas de representações em torno da construção de identidades ligadas ao espaço geográfico da nação brasileira e da cidade de Novo Hamburgo (RS) através do seu principal jornal, O 5 de Abril, no período de 1927, momento de sua emancipação, até 1945, final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e da ditadura do Estado Novo. Este período foi marcado pela construção de versões acerca destas duas identidades e de sua disseminação através da imprensa. As duas versões apresentavam conflitos especialmente focados no fato de a cidade ser representada por signos que remetiam ao processo de imigração alemã, e à nação, por signos que remetiam à mestiçagem. Tais conflitos acirraram-se no momento em que o Brasil entrou na Segunda Guerra Mundial contra a Alemanha. Palavras-chave: cidade; identidade nacional; imprensa. Abstract: This is an analysis of the struggle over representations involving the construction of identities rooted in the geographical space of the nation of Brazil and the city of Novo Hamburgo using the city’s main newspaper, “O 5 de Abril”, which was published from 1927, when the city was officially recognized, until 1945, which marked the end of the Second World War and of the Estado Novo dictatorship in Brazil. This period was marked by the construction of different versions of these two identities and their massification by the media. These versions were in conflict, specifically focused on the fact that the city was represented through signs that refer to the process of German immigration, while there presentation of the nation was through signs referring the intermixing of races. These conflicts intensified when Brazil entered the Second World War against Germany. Keywords: city, national identity, the press.
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Wirtz, Louisa, Nelson Sidnei Massola Júnior, Renata Rebellato Linhares de Castro, Brigitte Ruge-Wehling, Ulrich Schaffrath, and Marco Loehrer. "Colletotrichum spp. from Soybean Cause Disease on Lupin and Can Induce Plant Growth-Promoting Effects." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061130.
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Protein crop plants such as soybean and lupin are attracting increasing attention because of their potential use as forage, green manure, or for the production of oil and protein for human consumption. Whereas soybean production only recently gained more importance in Germany and within the whole EU in frame of protein strategies, lupin production is already well-established in Germany. The cultivation of lupins is impeded by the hemibiotrophic ascomycete Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of anthracnose disease. Worldwide, soybean is also a host for a variety of Colletotrichum species, but so far, this seems to not be the case in Germany. Cross-virulence between lupin- and soybean-infecting isolates is a potential threat, especially considering the overlap of possible soybean and lupin growing areas in Germany. To address this question, we systematically investigated the interaction of different Colletotrichum species isolated from soybean in Brazil on German soybean and lupin plant cultivars. Conversely, we tested the interaction of a German field isolate of C. lupini with soybean. Under controlled conditions, Colletotrichum species from soybean and lupin were able to cross-infect the other host plant with varying degrees of virulence, thus underpinning the potential risk of increased anthracnose diseases in the future. Interestingly, we observed a pronounced plant growth-promoting effect for some host–pathogen combinations, which might open the route to the use of beneficial biological agents in lupin and soybean production.
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Höller, H., H. D. Betz, K. Schmidt, R. V. Calheiros, P. May, E. Houngninou, and G. Scialom. "Lightning characteristics observed by a VLF/LF lightning detection network (LINET) in Brazil, Australia, Africa and Germany." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (March 6, 2009): 6061–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-6061-2009.
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Abstract. This paper describes lightning characteristics as obtained in four sets of lightning measurements during recent field campaigns in different parts of the world from mid-latitudes to the tropics by the novel VLF/LF (very low frequency/low frequency) lightning detection network (LINET). The paper gives a general overview on the approach, and a synopsis of the statistical results for the observation periods as a whole and for one special day in each region. The focus is on the characteristics of lightning which can specifically be observed by this system like intra-cloud and cloud-to-ground stroke statistics, vertical distributions of intra-cloud strokes or peak current distributions. Some conclusions regarding lightning produced NOx are also presented as this was one of the aims of the tropical field campaigns TROCCINOX (Tropical Convection, Cirrus and Nitrogen Oxides Experiment) and TroCCiBras (Tropical Convection and Cirrus Experiment Brazil) in Brazil during January/February 2005, SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) and TWP-ICE (Tropical Warm Pool – International Cloud Experiment) during November/December 2005 and January/February 2006, respectively, in the Darwin area in N-Australia, and of AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) in W-Africa during June–November 2006. Regional and temporal characteristics of lightning are found to be dependent on orographic effects (e.g. S-Germany, Brazil, Benin), land-sea breeze circulations (N-Australia) and especially the evolution of the monsoons (Benin, N-Australia). Large intra-seasonal variability in lightning occurrence was found for the Australian monsoon between the strong convection during build-up and break phases and the weak wet monsoon phase with only minor lightning activity. Total daily lightning rates can be of comparable intensity in all regions with the heaviest events found in Germany and N-Australia. The frequency of occurrence of such days was by far the largest in N-Australia. In accordance with radar observed storm structures, the intra-cloud stroke mean emission heights were found distinctly different in Germany (8 km) as compared to the tropics (up to 12 km in N-Australia). The fraction of intra-cloud strokes (compared to all strokes) was found to be relatively high in Brazil and Australia (0.83 and 0.74, respectively) as compared to Benin and Germany (0.67 and 0.69, respectively). Using stroke peak currents and vertical location information, lightning NOx (LNOx) production under defined standard conditions can be compared for the different areas of observation. LNOx production per standard stroke was found to be most efficient for the N-Australian and S-German thunderstorms whereas the yield from Brazilian and W-African strokes was nearly 40% less. On the other hand, the main NO contribution in Brazil was from intra-cloud (IC) strokes whereas in Benin it was due to cloud-to-ground (CG) components. For the German and Australian strokes both stroke types contributed similar amounts to the total NO outcome.
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Höller, H., H. D. Betz, K. Schmidt, R. V. Calheiros, P. May, E. Houngninou, and G. Scialom. "Lightning characteristics observed by a VLF/LF lightning detection network (LINET) in Brazil, Australia, Africa and Germany." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 20 (October 20, 2009): 7795–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7795-2009.
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Abstract. This paper describes lightning characteristics as obtained in four sets of lightning measurements during recent field campaigns in different parts of the world from mid-latitudes to the tropics by the novel VLF/LF (very low frequency/low frequency) lightning detection network (LINET). The paper gives a general overview on the approach, and a synopsis of the statistical results for the observation periods as a whole and for one special day in each region. The focus is on the characteristics of lightning which can specifically be observed by this system like intra-cloud and cloud-to-ground stroke statistics, vertical distributions of intra-cloud strokes or peak current distributions. Some conclusions regarding lightning produced NOx are also presented as this was one of the aims of the tropical field campaigns TROCCINOX (Tropical Convection, Cirrus and Nitrogen Oxides Experiment) and TroCCiBras (Tropical Convection and Cirrus Experiment Brazil) in Brazil during January/February 2005, SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) and TWP-ICE (Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment) during November/December 2005 and January/February 2006, respectively, in the Darwin area in N-Australia, and of AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) in W-Africa during June–November 2006. Regional and temporal characteristics of lightning are found to be dependent on orographic effects (e.g. S-Germany, Brazil, Benin), land-sea breeze circulations (N-Australia) and especially the evolution of the monsoons (Benin, N-Australia). Large intra-seasonal variability in lightning occurrence was found for the Australian monsoon between the strong convection during build-up and break phases and the weak active monsoon phase with only minor lightning activity. Total daily lightning stroke rates can be of comparable intensity in all regions with the heaviest events found in Germany and N-Australia. The frequency of occurrence of such days was by far the largest in N-Australia. In accordance with radar observed storm structures, the intra-cloud stroke mean emission heights were found distinctly different in Germany (8 km) as compared to the tropics (up to 12 km in N-Australia). The fraction of intra-cloud strokes (compared to all strokes) was found to be relatively high in Brazil and Australia (0.83 and 0.82, respectively) as compared to Benin and Germany (0.64 and 0.69, respectively). Using stroke peak currents and vertical location information, lightning NOx (LNOx) production under defined standard conditions can be compared for the different areas of observation. LNOx production per standard stroke was found to be most efficient for the N-Australian and S-German thunderstorms whereas the yield from Brazilian and W-African strokes was nearly 40% less. On the other hand, the main NO contribution in Brazil was from intra-cloud (IC) strokes whereas in Benin it was due to cloud-to-ground (CG) components. For the German and Australian strokes both stroke types contributed similar amounts to the total NO outcome.
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Menezes Klemi, Albene Miriam. "Apontamentos sobre as dimensões cientificas e culturais nas relações Brasil- Alemanha." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 9 (January 15, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.334.
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Resumo:Este é o esboço de um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo sobre as relações bilaterais entre o Brasil e a Alemanha nos campos científico e cultural nos anos 1920-1990. O propósito deste ensaio é fazer um apanhado de alguns dos principais itens das aludidas relações e situá-los no contexto das distintas facetas da Ordem Mundial então em curso (Ordem de Viena, Período de Crise do Liberalismo, Ordem Bipolar / Guerra Fria, Neoliberalismo). Evidencia-se, assim, o papel indutor do ordenamento internacional na dinâmica dessas relações. Palavras-chave: Brasil; Alemanha; relações bilaterais; dimensões científicas e culturais; Ordem Mundial.Resumen:Este ensayo es el esbozo de una investigación más amplia sobre las relaciones bilaterales entre Brasil y Alemania en el campo científico y cultural, entre 1920 y 1990. El examen de algunos de los principales temas de las relaciones culturales y científicas entre los dos países, en el contexto de las múltiples facetas del orden mundial, entonces en curso (orden de Viena, crisis del liberalismo, orden bipolar / guerra fría, neoliberalismo), pone en evidencia el rol inductor del orden internacional en la dinámica de las relaciones bilaterales. Palabras clave: Brasil; Alemania; relaciones bilaterales; dimensiones científicas y culturales; Orden MundialAbstract:This text is a sketch of a broader search about bilateral relations between Brazil and Germany in the scientific and cultural fields, 1920-1990. The purpose of this essay is to do a roundup of some of the main items of these relationships and situate them in the context of the different facets of the World Order, then in progress (Order of Vienna, The Crisis Period of the Liberalism, Bipolar Order / Cold War Order, Neoliberalism). Clear so appears the inductor role of the internationalarrangement in the dynamics of these relationships. Keywords: Brazil, Germany, bilateral relations, scientific and cultural dimensions, World Order.
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Witzel de Souza, Bruno Gabriel. "IMAGINANDO SÃO PAULOS NO IMPÉRIO ALEMÃO: PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE IMIGRAÇÃO (1890-1905)." Revista Prâksis 1 (January 11, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rpr.v1i0.2426.
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Para analisar algumas percepções populares alemãs sobre a imigração para São Paulo na virada para o século XX, este artigo utiliza duas fontes relativamente desconhecidas do público atual: o conto infanto-juvenil “Die Ansiedler von São Paulo” de Edgard Reinhold (1897) e um ensaio sobre as comunidades alemãs em São Paulo de Carlos Frederico Scheler (1905), publicado no almanaque “Erstes Jahrbuch für die deutschsprechende Kolonie im Staate São Paulo”. O artigo demonstra a persistência das visões negativas sobre São Paulo na Alemanha ainda na virada para o século XX, fruto principalmente das experiências com trabalhadores rurais endividados, empregados sob o sistema de parceria em meados do século XIX. Outros temas relevantes discutidos pelos autores incluíam: (i) a insegurança dos direitos de propriedade na aquisição de terras e (ii) as dificuldades de acesso à justiça brasileira pelos estrangeiros. Reinhold e Scheler apresentam visões antagônicas sobre estes pontos – o que se explica pela natureza dos textos, suas fontes e públicos esperados. No entanto, ambos adotam uma perspectiva homogeneizante para abordar a presença alemã no estrangeiro; tem-se nos dois a formulação do arquétipo dos “alemães do estrangeiro” (Auslandsdeutsche), conforme pensado para servir aos interesses do Império Alemão. Finalmente, o artigo discute a regionalização dos estudos de imigração no Brasil e propõe paralelos entre o sul e o sudeste, conforme discutido por Reinhold e Scheler.Palavras-chave: Imigração. Comunidades alemãs. São Paulo.ABSTRACTThis paper studies some popular German perceptions about immigration to São Paulo at the turn to the twentieth century by making use of two sources that are relatively unkown to modern audiences: the story “Die Ansiedler von São Paulo” from Edgard Reinhold (1897) – a tale for the youth – and an essay about the German communities of São Paulo by Carlos Frederico Scheler (1905) published in the almanac “Erstes Jahrbuch für die deutschsprechende Kolonie im Staate São Paulo”. This article demonstrates the persistence in Germany of some negative views about São Paulo at the turn to the twentieth century, a consequence mainly of the experiences with indebted rural laborers employed under sharecropping contracts by the mid-nineteenth century. Other relevant themes discussed by the sources include: (i) the insecure property righs on landownership and (ii) problems that foreigners faced to access the Brazilian justice. Reinhold and Scheler have antagonic understandings about these points – which is comprehensible considering the nature of these two texts, their own sources and their expected readers. However, the authors adopt a homogenizing perspective to deal with the German presence outside Germany; we perceive in both texts the creation of an archetypical “German living abroad” (Auslandsdeutsche), conceptualized to serve the interests of the German Empire. Finally, this article debates the regionalization of immigration studies in Brazil and proposes tracing more parallels between the southern and southeastern regions, as also discussed by Reinhold and Scheler.Keywords: Immigration. German communities. São Paulo.
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Witzel de Souza, Bruno Gabriel. "IMAGINANDO SÃO PAULOS NO IMPÉRIO ALEMÃO: PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE IMIGRAÇÃO (1890-1905)." Revista Prâksis 1 (January 11, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rpr.v1i0.2426.
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Para analisar algumas percepções populares alemãs sobre a imigração para São Paulo na virada para o século XX, este artigo utiliza duas fontes relativamente desconhecidas do público atual: o conto infanto-juvenil “Die Ansiedler von São Paulo” de Edgard Reinhold (1897) e um ensaio sobre as comunidades alemãs em São Paulo de Carlos Frederico Scheler (1905), publicado no almanaque “Erstes Jahrbuch für die deutschsprechende Kolonie im Staate São Paulo”. O artigo demonstra a persistência das visões negativas sobre São Paulo na Alemanha ainda na virada para o século XX, fruto principalmente das experiências com trabalhadores rurais endividados, empregados sob o sistema de parceria em meados do século XIX. Outros temas relevantes discutidos pelos autores incluíam: (i) a insegurança dos direitos de propriedade na aquisição de terras e (ii) as dificuldades de acesso à justiça brasileira pelos estrangeiros. Reinhold e Scheler apresentam visões antagônicas sobre estes pontos – o que se explica pela natureza dos textos, suas fontes e públicos esperados. No entanto, ambos adotam uma perspectiva homogeneizante para abordar a presença alemã no estrangeiro; tem-se nos dois a formulação do arquétipo dos “alemães do estrangeiro” (Auslandsdeutsche), conforme pensado para servir aos interesses do Império Alemão. Finalmente, o artigo discute a regionalização dos estudos de imigração no Brasil e propõe paralelos entre o sul e o sudeste, conforme discutido por Reinhold e Scheler.Palavras-chave: Imigração. Comunidades alemãs. São Paulo.ABSTRACTThis paper studies some popular German perceptions about immigration to São Paulo at the turn to the twentieth century by making use of two sources that are relatively unkown to modern audiences: the story “Die Ansiedler von São Paulo” from Edgard Reinhold (1897) – a tale for the youth – and an essay about the German communities of São Paulo by Carlos Frederico Scheler (1905) published in the almanac “Erstes Jahrbuch für die deutschsprechende Kolonie im Staate São Paulo”. This article demonstrates the persistence in Germany of some negative views about São Paulo at the turn to the twentieth century, a consequence mainly of the experiences with indebted rural laborers employed under sharecropping contracts by the mid-nineteenth century. Other relevant themes discussed by the sources include: (i) the insecure property righs on landownership and (ii) problems that foreigners faced to access the Brazilian justice. Reinhold and Scheler have antagonic understandings about these points – which is comprehensible considering the nature of these two texts, their own sources and their expected readers. However, the authors adopt a homogenizing perspective to deal with the German presence outside Germany; we perceive in both texts the creation of an archetypical “German living abroad” (Auslandsdeutsche), conceptualized to serve the interests of the German Empire. Finally, this article debates the regionalization of immigration studies in Brazil and proposes tracing more parallels between the southern and southeastern regions, as also discussed by Reinhold and Scheler.Keywords: Immigration. German communities. São Paulo.
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Ibiapina, Iveltyma Roosemalen Passos, Aurio Leocadio, Jose Carlos Lazaro, and Claudia Buhamra Abreu Romero. "The Culture and Personal Disposal Practices of University Students: A Qualitative Study in Brazil and Germany." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 15, no. 1 (March 2021): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09734082211002436.
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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cultural components and municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal individual practices in the context of Brazilian and German university students. To achieve this goal, we chose to conduct qualitative research with ethnographic inspiration, exploratory and descriptive nature. For one year, the authors collected data through participant and non-participant observations, interviews and photographs from both countries. The results showed that waste disposal is a constant concern in Germany. Waste separation for recycling is cultural and is the primary waste disposal practice in the country. In Brazil, the primary practice is to dispose of all waste in just one bin. Several elements of the cultural components are involved in these practices, revealing a significant sustainable cultural difference between the two countries. One of the limitations of the study is Brazil itself. Brazil is a continental and multi-cultural country. The results present a perceived country general view; but maybe in other cities inside Brazil, some differences could be present. As an empirical contribution, the study presents a lack of public policy and gives suggestions to improve the structure (material culture) and communication (and language) of the practices through actions. These actions can be the implementation of the selective collection in the city, improved enforcement of laws or even new public policies aimed at waste management. The originality of the article consists in investigating and comparing the disposal practices of MSW of Brazilian and German students in the light of culture. This study innovates bringing an empirical analysis of cultural components little studied.
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de Mendonça Figueirôa, Silvia. "German-Brazilian Relations in the Field of Geological Sciences During the 19th Century." Earth Sciences History 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.2.x805715275065573.
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This paper analyses the German presence in the development of geological sciences in Brazil during the 19th century, taking into account the local situation - for Brazil was Portugal's colony until 1822 - as well as the importance of mineral extraction activities which played an embryonic role in that process. The German-Brazilian geoscientific relations may be classified as follows: Brazilians sent to visit and to study in German institutions, especially in the Bergakademie Frieberg; German functionaries invited by the Portuguese government to work in mining activities in Brazil; German travelers in Brazil; exchange of geological and mineralogical samples; Brazilian geological problems studied by German scientists.
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Dagnese, Napoleao. "Is Brazil ’Developed’? Termination of the Brazil-Germany Tax Treaty." Intertax 34, Issue 4 (April 1, 2006): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2006030.
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Elisabeta Etges, Virgínia. "A Paisagem Agrária na Obra de Leo Waibel." GEOgraphia 2, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2000.24.a13385.
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Resumo Este artigo trata da concepção de paisagem presente na obra de Leo Waibel, geógrafo alemão que trabalhou no Brasil no período de 1946 a 1950. Realça também a importância da releitura dos clássicos da Geografia alemã como forma de viabilizar a compreensão dos conceitos básicos da Geografia. Palavras-chave: Paisagem, história do pensamento geográfico, superfície terrestre.Abstract This article aims to explain the conception of landscape, present in Leo Waibel’s works, a German geographer who worked in Brazil during the period from 1946 to 1950. It also enhances the importance of rereading the classics of German geography, as a way to turn feasible the comprehension of the most important geographic concepts. Keywords: Landscape, history of geographic thought, earth surface.
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Elisabeta Etges, Virgínia. "A Paisagem Agrária na Obra de Leo Waibel." GEOgraphia 2, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2000.v2i4.a13385.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo Este artigo trata da concepção de paisagem presente na obra de Leo Waibel, geógrafo alemão que trabalhou no Brasil no período de 1946 a 1950. Realça também a importância da releitura dos clássicos da Geografia alemã como forma de viabilizar a compreensão dos conceitos básicos da Geografia. Palavras-chave: Paisagem, história do pensamento geográfico, superfície terrestre.Abstract This article aims to explain the conception of landscape, present in Leo Waibel’s works, a German geographer who worked in Brazil during the period from 1946 to 1950. It also enhances the importance of rereading the classics of German geography, as a way to turn feasible the comprehension of the most important geographic concepts. Keywords: Landscape, history of geographic thought, earth surface.
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Voigt, Lucas. "ENTRE O “POVO” E A “ELITE”: CULTURA POPULAR E APROPRIAÇÃO DIFERENCIAL À LUZ DA PRÁTICA DO FOLCLORE “ALEMÃO” NO BRASILBETWEEN THE “PEOPLE” AND THE “ELITE”: POPULAR CULTURE AND DIFFERENTIAL APPROPRIATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRACTICE OF “GERMAN” FOLKLORE IN BRAZIL." Revista Pós Ciências Sociais 18, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2236-9473.v18n1p131-154.
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No Brasil, verifica-se a existência de uma elite cultural responsável pela promoção e legitimação do folclore “alemão” autêntico. Tal constatação traz interessantes implicações, que podem ser sintetizadas no seguinte questionamento: “como uma prática cultural de origem popular pode depender de uma elite?”. À luz do aporte teórico- -metodológico da sociologia da cultura e das elites, o artigo propõe uma reflexão e um tensionamento acerca das fronteiras classicamente estabelecidas entre os domínios da cultura erudita e da cultura popular, tomando por base o caso do folclore “alemão” praticado no Brasil. Defende-se a pertinência da noção de “apropriação diferencial” para a análise da cultura popular (de modo geral) e do folclore “alemão” (de modo particular), conceito que possibilita a compreensão das múltiplas circulações, intersecções e apropriações de bens simbólicos entre os domínios do “popular” e do “erudito”, do “povo” e das “elites”, processos característicos e constitutivos dos produtos simbólicos de matriz popular.ABSTRACT In Brazil, it may be verified the existence of a cultural elite responsible for promoting and legitimating authentic “German” folklore. This finding has interesting implications, which can be synthesized in the following question: “How can a cultural practice of popular origin depend on an elite?”. In the light of the theoretical and methodological perspective of the sociology of culture and elites, the article proposes a reflection and problematization on the classically established boundaries between the domains of erudite culture and popular culture, based on the case of “German” folklore practiced in Brazil. I argue in favor of the relevance of the notion of “differential appropriation” for the analysis of popular culture (in general) and “German” folklore (in particular), a concept that allows the comprehension of the multiple circulations, intersections and appropriations of symbolic goods among the domains of “popular” and “erudite”, of the “people” and the “elites”, characteristic and constitutive processes of the symbolic products of popular origin.
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De Jesus, Jessica Oliveira. "Rompendo silêncios: narrativas afrodescendentes no Brasil e na Alemanha." Revista Leitura, no. 63 (June 10, 2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/2317-9945.201963.247-259.
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O presente texto faz uma breve análise comparativa entre produções literárias negras em língua alemã e em língua portuguesa do Brasil. O foco da análise é o afronte à estratégia colonial do silenciamento, imposto ao povo negro em diáspora, operado na obra da poeta e ativista afro-alemã May Ayim e da romancista afro-brasileira Ana Maria Gonçalves. Trataremos da literatura da diáspora africana como ferramenta que “estilhaça a máscara do silêncio” (EVARISTO, 2017), tanto na obra Um defeito de cor (2006), de Gonçalves, como na poesia afro-alemã de May Ayim e de sua tradução no Brasil, traçando paralelos e diálogos entre a literatura negra brasileira e a negra alemã Breaking the silence: afrodescendant narratives in Brazil and in GermanThe present text is a brief comparative analysis between Black literary productions in German and Brazilian Portuguese. The focus of the analysis is the defiance of the colonial strategy of silencing, inflicted on Black people in the diaspora, which can be seen in the work of the Afro-German poet and activist May Ayim and of the Afro-Brazilian novelist Ana Maria Gonçalves. We will deal with African Diaspora Literature as a tool that “shatters the mask of silence” (EVARISTO, 2017), both in Gonçalves's Um defeito de cor (2006), and in Ayim’s Afro-German poetry and its translation into Brazilian Portuguese, drawing parallels and dialogues between Black Brazilian literature and the Black German Literature.Keywords: Black Brazilian Literature. Black German Literature. Afrodiasporic Literature. Ana Maria Gonçalves. May Ayim DOI: 10.28998/2317-9945.2019n63p247-259