Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Germanium diffusion'
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Strohm, Andreas. "Diffusion von Gold in Germanium." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8349338.
Full textPaine, Andrew David Nicholas. "Antimony diffusion in silicon-germanium alloys." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245004.
Full textRazali, M. A. "Phosphorus activation and diffusion in germanium." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807317/.
Full textUppal, Suresh. "Diffusion of boron and silicon in germanium." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417592.
Full textAlmazouzi, Abderrahim. "Diffusion volumique et intergranulaire de l'or, de l'étain et du germanium dans le germanium." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30047.
Full textKoffel, Stéphane. "Implantation, diffusion et activation des dopants dans le germanium." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0094.
Full textGermanium is a candidate for the realization of MOS transistors, because of its higher carrier mobility compared to silicon. As it was replaced by silicon fourty years ago it must be rediscovered. The aim of this work is to understand the mecanisms of germanium doping. We show that the critical da mage energy density model allows to predict the formation and thickness of amorphous layers in germanium, Then the solid phase epitaxy velocity is mesured and end-of-range defects are observed in germanium for the first time. They are made 01 interstitials. Eventually we determine that phosphorus allows to achive shallower junctions and better activation levels than arsenic Phosphorus diffusion is simulated with a model taking into account the excess of interstitials generated during implantation. This allows to describe an enhanced diffusion phenomenon
Minke, Mary Ann. "The diffusion and segregation coefficient of germanium in silica." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280235.
Full textStrohm, Andreas. "Selbstdiffusion in Silizium-Germanium-Legierungen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10316328.
Full textJanke, Colin. "Density functional theory modelling of intrinsic and dopant-related defects in Ge and Si." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/46913.
Full textCanneaux, Thomas. "Étude de la diffusion des dopants usuels dans le germanium." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6191.
Full textPresently, silicon planar technology is facing physical limits. To overcome these limits, we can replace silicon by another semiconductor material with higher carriers’ mobility, in this case germanium is a good candidate. To perform efficient electronic devices, knowledge about diffusion coefficient of dopants in the semiconductor material is needed. In this work, we studied diffusion of gallium, indium, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony in germanium and worked out a new model using the triply negatively charged vacancy to describe their diffusion in germanium and their diffusion coefficients. We also investigated influence of rapid anneals, ion-implantation defects and SiO2 or Si3N4 capped layer. Techniques used to introduce dopants in germanium are quite different than for silicon and diffusion mechanisms differ too. In germanium, diffusion of dopants occurs via neutral, doubly and triply negatively charged vacancies. Capped layers and rapid anneals do not influence diffusion but a capped layer allows to protect the sample and partially avoid out diffusion
Perrin, Toinin Jacques. "Étude du dopage et de la formation des contacts pour les technologies germanium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4372.
Full textThe recent progress concerning the fabrication of large Ge mono- and poly-crystalline substrates, as well as the fabrication of Ge-On-Insulator (GOI) substrates, combined with the successful transfer from the Si technology to the Ge technology of the high-k dielectric and of the ohmic contact fabrication technologies support the development of a future high-performance Ge-based microelectronic technology. However, in order to meet the restrictions for the fabrication of the next generation of miniaturized microelectronic devices (short-channel MOSFETs), it is necessary to improve our knowledge concerning Ge doping and contact fabrication, in particular for n-type Ge. The main goal of this PhD was to investigate the atomic redistribution occurring during some of the fabrication processes involved in the fabrication of the structure [first-level metal / ohmic contact / doped-Ge] found on each active zone (gate, source, and drain) of transistors. Our work focused on selenium and tellurium for n-type doping, as well as on gallium and aluminum for p-type doping. Palladium was the metal chosen for the fabrication of ohmic contacts.This work includes the study of extended defect interactions with dopants, dopant clustering, and dopant diffusion in Ge(001) during post-implantation annealing. The formation and stability of Pd germanide thin films are also investigated, in order to evaluate and optimize the use of the PdGe compound as ohmic contact on Ge. Finally, dopant redistribution in PdGe thin films and in the Ge substrate during ohmic contact fabrication is also investigated
Wündisch, Clemens. "Das Diffusions- und Aktivierungsverhalten von Arsen und Phosphor in Germanium." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-194673.
Full textPakfar, Ardechir. "Modélisation de la diffusion des dopants dans les alliages SiGe et SiGeC." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0002.
Full textThis work proposes a unified model of dopant diffusion in SiGe and SiGeC alloys, based on the hypothesis that the different effects introduced by Germanium and Carbon incorporation modify the equilibrium concentrations of interstitials and vacancies from their standard value in pure Silicon. Indeed, the primordial role of these point defects on dopant diffusion is well admitted. The critical analysis of bibliographic studies allows the description of these physical phenomena: the chemical effect, the effect of strain and the Fermi effect act on point defects and thus on impurity diffusion. This formulation is completed by the equations expressing the B-Ge coupling and the influence of Carbon supersaturation, to form a unified model valid to describe the diffusivity evolution of usual dopants in these alloys. Then, ali reliable and previously published experimental data are analyzed for the calibration of this phenomenological model parameters. Finally, we measured the equilibrium diffusion of Boron and, for the first time, of Arsenic in shallow layers of SiGe and SiGeC. We successfully confronted these experimental results to the model predictions
Armand, Pascale. "Caractérisation structurale de matériaux amorphes : application à des verres chalcogénures de germanium." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20128.
Full textHugouvieux, Virginie. "Simulation complète d'une expérience de diffusion de neutrons : des systèmes modèles au germanium liquide." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140403.
Full textToutefois, l'extraction de données fiables à partir des expériences de diffusion de neutrons étant délicate, nous proposons de simuler l'expérience dans son ensemble, c'est-à-dire l'instrument et l'échantillon, afin de mieux comprendre et évaluer l'impact des différentes contributions parasites (absorption, diffusion multiple associée à la diffusion élastique et inélastique, résolution instrumentale). Cette approche, dans laquelle l'échantillon est décrit par ses caractéristiques structurales et dynamiques calculées par dynamique moléculaire, est présentée et testée dans un premier temps sur des systèmes modèles isotropes.
Par la suite, le germanium liquide est étudié par diffusion inélastique des neutrons ainsi que par dynamique moléculaire classique et ab initio. Ceci permet ensuite de simuler l'expérience réalisée et d'évaluer l'influence sur le signal détecté des contributions de l'instrument et de l'échantillon.
El, Mubarek Huda Abdel Wahab Abdel Rahim. "Suppression of boron transient enhanced and thermal diffusion in silicon and silicon germanium by fluorine implantation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419196.
Full textDoan, Quang-Tri. "Détermination par nano-EBIC et par simulation de Monte-Carlo de la longueur de diffusion des porteurs minoritaires : application à des structures contenant des nanocristaux de germanium." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS027/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study certain local properties of structures containing on their surface Ge nanocrystals by using the nano-EBIC (Electron beam induced current collected by a nano-contact). The peculiarity of this technique which uses the same principle as the classical EBIC technique is the use of a conductive AFM (atomic force microscope) tip instead of a standard electrode. We were interested in the determination of the effective diffusion length (Leff) and the study of its variation according to parameters such as the primary energy and the size of nanocrystals. Leff increases for weak energies, reaches a maximum which depends on the nanocrystal size, then decreases for high energies. This behavior of the evolution of Leff was explained in chapter 2. However, this result has never been reported previously. That is why we completed this work by a study based on the Monte-Carlo simulation, where the effect of several parameters was analyzed. Among the parameters studied, we quote the size and the shape of the nano-contact (or more exactly the size of the depletion nano-zone formed under the contact), the surface recombination velocity and the primary energy. The simulation gives the same behavior of Leff variation than the experimental case
Obiajunwa, Eusebius. "Contribution à l'étude de transition de forme par diffusion inélastique : application aux isotopes de samarium et de germanium." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112227.
Full textThe stable even samarium and germanium isotopes have been studied by means of inelastic proton (Ep = 24 MeV) and aloha (Eα= 36 MeV) scattering: 148-154 Sm(p,p’) 150-152 Sm(α,α’) ; 70-74 Ge(α,α’). Enriched self-supporting, thin metallic targets are used with high quality proton and alpha beams furnished by the Orsay Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. The scattered particles were momentum analysed by a split-pole magnetic spectrometer and were detected by an ensemble of position-sensitive, high resolution detecter placed at the focal plane of the spectrometer. The various collective nuclear models: vibrations harmonic (VM) and anharmonic (AVM), rotationnal symmetric (SRM)and asymmetric (ARM), rotation-vibration (RVM), and interacting bosons model (IBM), used in the analysis of the experimental data are presented. The data for the low-lying levels of 148-150 Sm are analysed in the frame-work of the second order VM. The multiple-phonon states (1-,5-,3-) are studied for the first time in these nuclei. These analyses revealed that effects of anharmonicity should be considered especially for the multiphonon states. The data for the low-lying members of the ground states band (0+,2+,4+,6+) of 152-154Sm are analysed in the frame-work of SRM. The ground-state band and the octupole-vibrationnal band KIT= 0, (1-,3-,5-), of these two nuclei are for the first time, analysed simultaneous and in a coherent fashion, in the frame-work of the RVM. In the case of the inelastic 70-74 Ge (α,α'), experiments, the data for the low-lying states are analysed in the frame-work of the ARM, VM and AVM. The AVM is found to give a better description of the low-lying states of these three nuclei. A more rigorous and coherent method of treating the anharmonicity in vibrationnal nuclei is presented, starting from the Hamiltonien of Brink and Kerman ; the results obtained by this method is very encouraging. The application of the IBM to the analysis of inelastic scattering data is presented
Obiajunwa, Eusebius. "Contribution à l'étude de transition de forme par diffusion inélastique application aux isotopes de samarium et de germanium /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608518r.
Full textCockeram, Brian Vern. "The development, growth and oxidation resistance of Boron- and Germanium-Doped Silicide diffusion coatings by Fluoride-Activated pack cementation /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313344332.
Full textZapata, Dominguez Diana. "Etude par des techniques de diffusion des rayons X ex-situ et operando des mécanismes de (de)lithiation dans les batteries Lithium-ion à base de silicium et germanium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY048.
Full textLithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are one of the best solutions for energy storage. Increasing the performance of LiBs demands the use of materials that can host higher quantities of lithium ions (high energy density). Germanium and silicon are promising active anode materials due to their high theoretical capacities (1623 and 3576 mAh/g, respectively) compared to the commercial graphite (372 mAh/g). However, Si and Ge experience significant volume expansion upon the alloying-dealloying reactions with lithium-ions, provoking mechanical deformation. Understanding the mechanisms during cycling is essential to provide information about the degradation processes.There are different strategies to improve the cyclability and durability of these materials. Using nanostructures is one of them, as it allows mitigating the pulverization and the active compound degradation. Nevertheless, the use of active nanoparticles favors the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI), inducing a decrease of the reversible capacity and consequently limiting the cyclability. An alternative approach is to use composite materials in which silicon is mixed with other active or inactive components. However, to date, the silicon amount is limited (less than ~20% of the anode), decreasing the anode capacity.Ge has received less attention than Si. Although it is less accessible than silicon, it has appealing characteristics besides its high theoretical capacity, such as better electronic conductivity and Li diffusivity than Si. Therefore, mixing Ge with Si is interesting with respect to benchmark graphite to provide an increase in capacity while taking advantage of Ge stability.This thesis aims at studying the (de)lithiation mechanisms in silicon and germanium-based negative electrodes, focusing on two types of systems: pure Ge, Si, SiGe-alloys nanoparticles, and a commercial-grade silicon-based composite. The structural evolution occurring upon (de)lithiation was probed mainly by operando X-ray scattering techniques, allowing to propose a detailed description of the lithiation mechanisms, as well as Li15(Si100−xGex)4 formation process, which support theoretical predictions on the physical properties of these materials during cycling. Besides, we explored the potentialities of synchrotron X-ray Raman scattering to gain insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) composition, providing insights into the SEI evolution and its dependence on the state of charge. Our in-depth multi-techniques characterizations bring knowledge to design better Si-based anodes for high-density long-lasting batteries
Lyytik�inen, Katja Johanna. "Control of complex structural geometry in optical fibre drawing." University of Sydney. School of Physics and the Optical Fibre Technology Centre, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/597.
Full textLyytikäinen, Katja Johanna. "Control of complex structural geometry in optical fibre drawing." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/597.
Full textCaliste, Damien. "Simulations multi-échelles de la diffusion des défauts dans les semi-conducteurs Si et SiGe." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011180.
Full textLe calcul ab initio est un outil adapté à l'exploration des phénomènes inter-atomiques. Couplées à des algorithmes de minimisation des configurations, cet outil donne accès aux états stables et aux états de transition des phénomènes diffusifs. Le mouvement macroscopique est ensuite reproduit par l'utilisation de simulations de Monte Carlo cinétique.
Nous détaillons, dans le présent travail, les coûts énergétiques et les géométries des principaux défauts répertoriés dans Si et SiGe. Il en ressort que la lacune, l'interstitiel dissocié, l'interstitiel hexagonal et le défaut tétra-coordonné sont tous les quatre des défauts de moindre énergie dans ces systèmes. L'étude des mouvements possibles et leurs utilisations dans des simulations de physique thermodynamique, permet de montrer l'existence de plusieurs régimes de diffusion, selon que les médiateurs du mouvement agissent seuls ou de façon coordonnée. Nous donnons l'exemple de la diffusion lacunaire, dont les variations observées s'expliquent par la présence plus ou moins importante de bi-lacunes et par les phénomènes de dissociation en jeu.
Par cette étude, nous mettons en avant la nécessité de combiner, dans le cas de la diffusion, une analyse de l'échelle atomique avec des simulations à des échelles plus macroscopiques.
Gacem, Karim. "Contribution à l'étude du transport et du stockage de charges dans des structures contenant des nanocristaux de germanium." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354362.
Full textEn premier lieu, des mesures courant – tension (I-V) et capacité (haute fréquence ; 1 MHz) – tension (C-V) ont été effectuées pour caractériser des nanocristaux recouverts par du silicium amorphe. Les résultats ont montré l'apparition du blocage de Coulomb à température ambiante dans des nc-Ge ayant le plus petit (~3.5 nm) diamètre. Les mesures I-V et C-V ont révélé le phénomène de piégeage dans les nanocristaux. Ce dernier est conditionné par leur taille et densité moyennes, dont les effets ont été séparés grâce aux mesures en température. En conséquence, la variation en température du nombre moyen d'électrons piégés par nanocristal a permis d'accéder à une énergie d'activation thermique qui s'est révélée être dépendante de la taille moyenne (ou du gap) du nanocristal.
En deuxième lieu, des caractérisations par microscopie à force atomique en mode conducteur ont été effectuées sur des échantillons contenant des nc-Ge non recouverts. Là aussi, le transport et le piégeage ont été abordés en mettant en évidence l'effet de la taille et la densité moyennes des nc-Ge. Des mesures EBIC (courant induit par faisceau d'électrons) en champ proche (NF-) ont aussi été menées pour cartographier l'activité électrique en surface des échantillons. Elles ont été suivies par des mesures de la longueur effective de diffusion des porteurs minoritaires en excès. Les résultats ont montré que ce paramètre est réduit par la présence de nc-Ge et par l'augmentation de leur densité
Luong, Minh Anh. "Etude de la diffusion thermique de l'Aluminium dans des nanofils de Germanium et en alliages de SixGe1-x en utilisant la microscopie électronique en transmission in situ." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY050.
Full textSemiconductor nanowires are receiving widespread interests for their novel applications in field-effect transistors, photodetectors and biosensors. The nanowire geometry provides an interesting possibility to fabricate axial heterostructures that can be easily accessed electrically by contacting the NW edges. Depending on the size, material and composition of the heterostructure, carriers can experience quantum confinement effects, allowing to fabricate quantum dots or quantum disks inside the NW. Recently, the formation of Silicide or Germanide contacts via a thermally activated solid state reaction between the metal and Si or Ge NW has drawn significant attention because of its great advantages for fabricating short channel devices from bottom up grown NWs rather than complex and high-cost photolithography top-down approaches. The advantage of this approach is that upon heating a metal enters a semiconducting NW at both ends, creating an (inter)metallic region in the NW. If the process is well controlled and stopped at the right moment, only a thin section of semiconductor is left between metallic contacts, allowing to fabricate electrically contacted quantum-dot in a wire structures in a single fabrication step. Al/Ge NW thermal induced solid-state diffusion is a promising system since, in contrast to other metal-semiconductor combinations, no intermetallic phase is formed and a pure monocrystalline Al NW is created with a very sharp interface with the remaining Ge NW. Moreover, the combination of the intrinsically strong spin−orbit coupling in Ge and the superconducting properties of Al, make this system a promising platform to study hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices that could be potential building blocks for superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). The challenge addressed in this PhD is to study the thermally induced exchange reaction of Al in both pure Ge as well as SixGe1-x alloy NWs using in-situ observations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), to allow better understanding and control of the mechanisms involved in the reaction
Jabbour, Jabbour. "Etude de l'aspect collectif autour de N=40 par diffusion inélastique de protons et d'ions lithium sur les noyaux pairs-pairs de zinc et de germanium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598434d.
Full textBesson, Claudine. "Effet photoréfractif dans l'oxyde de bismuth germanium (bi12Ge020) : détermination des paramètres du matériau, intensification de l'effet photoréfractif par un champ alternatif et amplification d'ondes optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00718040.
Full textEl, Ghrandi Mohamed Rafik. "Cinétique de la photodissolution de Ag dans les couches minces de verres chacogénures GeSex et caractérisation par SIMS [Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy] et RBS [Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy]." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20117.
Full textGurimskaya, Yana. "Comportement de quelques impuretés métalliques dans le germanium : une étude par les techniques capacitives DLTS-MCTS-LAPLACE DLTS." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734375.
Full textSimon, Eric. "Un multidétecteur pour l'étalonnage de bolomètres en énergie de recul par diffusion de neutrons dans le cadre de l'expérience EDELWEISS." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001414.
Full textFerraton, Mathieu. "Collisions profondément inélastiques entre ions lourds auprès du Tandem d’Orsay & Spectroscopie gamma des noyaux exotiques riches en neutrons de la couche fp avec le multi-détecteur germanium ORGAM." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112119/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis was prepared within the nuclear structure group of IPN Orsay. The work presented aimed to produce neutron rich fp shell nuclei through heavy ion collisions at the tandem accelerator of IPN, and to study them using gamma spectroscopy. For this purpose, a germanium gamma array called ORGAM, and dedicated to high resolution gamma spectroscopy, was set up at the tandem accelerator. During the year 2008/2009, the individual germanium detectors were tested and repaired, as well as their ancillary anti-Compton shielding. At the same time, the liquid nitrogen auto-fill system was improved for better reliability. The array was finally set up on a beam line of the accelerator.The first experiment using the ORGAM array was performed in July 2009. This experiment aimed to study fully damped deep-inelastic collisions between a 36S beam accelerated to 154 MeV, and a 70Zn target. An additional charged particle detection system was used to detect interesting fragments emitted at backward angles. It was not possible to separate these fragments from the background induced by backscattered ions from the beam. Nevertheless, the study of gamma-gamma coincidences detected with the ORGAM array allowed to identify gamma cascades de-exciting nuclei potentially produced through the mechanism of interest. Data accumulated during another experiment performed at the tandem accelerator in 2005 were analyzed. Fusion-evaporation reaction between a 25 MeV, 14C beam focused on a 48Ca target produced the 57Cr and 59Mn nuclei, whose energy spectra were established up to 3 MeV.We attempted to study theoretically odd Chromium isotopes with a simple model based on the intermediate coupling scheme. This model, which doesn’t take into account correlation between valence nucleons, described in satisfactory way the semi-magic + 1 neutron, 53Cr, but failed to do so for mid-shell nuclei 55Cr and 57Cr
Rossi, Giuseppe Germano. "Etude de la réponse au rayonnement X entre 10KeV-100KeV des détecteurs à micro-pistes de germanium avec résolution spatiale et en énergie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10089.
Full textAbbes, Omar. "Etude de la diffusion réactive entre Mn et Ge à l'échelle nanométrique pour des applications en spintronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4325.
Full textCoupling ferromagnetic and semi-conducting properties represents a pathway toward producing technologies that exploit the spin of electrons. That would allow store and process computer bits instantly in a same device, rather than separate devices (memory and CPU). The Spintronics could then revolutionize the information technology. A potential candidate for the fabrication of heterostructures ferromagnetic metal / semiconductor for Spintronics applications is the Mn-Ge system. This system is compatible with CMOS technology, and presents an interesting phase for Spintronics which is Mn5Ge3 phase, which is able to be grown epitaxially on Ge(111). To integrate this phase in the manufacturing process, we study the solid state reactive diffusion between a thin Mn film and Ge substrate, to form a germanide upon the Ge substrate (as in the case of the formation of silicides in CMOS technology). Emphasis was placed on the sequence of phase formation during the reaction between a 50 nm thick Mn film and Ge, the influence of the interface on the reaction, and the diffusion of Mn in Ge. Incorporation of carbon in thin Mn5Ge3 films showed a significant increase in the Curie temperature, we then present the effect of carbon on the reaction Mn-Ge and its redistribution in thin MnxGey films
Sonneville, Camille. "Étude des propriétés élastiques des verres d’oxydes sous haute pression : implications structurales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10114/document.
Full textThe structural study of glasses under pressure is of fundamental interest in Physics, Earth Science and is technologically important for the comprehension of industrial material properties. The elastic anomaly at 2.5GPa in pure silica glass is a well known phenomenon and its existence is more than likely in GeO2 glass. In this work the persistence of the elastic anomaly in more complex and more widely glass compositions as sodium alumino silicate glasses was studied. The elastic anomaly was studied in situ in GeO2 and three sodium alumino silicate glasses by Brillouin and Raman scattering. The studied sodium alumino silicate glasses had the following compositions : (Al2O3)X(Na2O)25−X(SiO2)75 where X=0, 6 et 12% and is the molar percentage of Al2O3. The elastic anomaly was shown to persist in a broad domain of chemical compositions thus its existence is not reduced to pure silica glass. Its existence seems to be linked to the presence of 6 membered rings. Beyond the elastic limit, the structural modifications was studied in pure silica, GeO2 glass and sodium alumino silica glasses (with X=0, 2, 6, 9, 12 et 16% of Al2O3) in order to structurally better understand the densification phenomenon. Firstly the elastic anomaly was studied by Brillouin scattering experiments, was shown to progressively disappear with the densification. This progressive disappearance was interpreted in terms of a progressive structure induced transformation from a Low Density Amorphous form (LDA) into a High Density Amorphous form (HDA) : LDA → HDA. In situ and ex situ studies by Brillouin and Raman scattering, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) showed that the pressure induced structural transformation was highly dependent of the glass chemical composition. For instance the presence of sodium cations promotes short range order modifications, such as formation of highly coordinated species (Al, Si) and network depolymerization. On the other hand, glasses with a high aluminum concentration show a densification process closer to that of pure silica glass, with mainly middle range order structural modifications such as a decrease of the inter-tetrahedral angle or ring size decrease
Kernavanois, Nolwenn. "Blocage du moment orbital et hybridation des électrons f : étude par absorption et diffusion de rayons-X et diffraction de neutrons de composés à base d'uranium et de cérium." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10114.
Full textButtard, Denis. "Étude structurale du silicium poreux de type p par diffraction haute résolution des rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10141.
Full textDentel, Didier. "Croissances d'hétérostructures à base de Si et de Ge épitaxiées par jets moléculaires : rôle de la contrainte sur les diffusions de surface et les morphologies." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0553.
Full textDubler, Corinne. "Commerce et diffusion de l’huile de Bétique dans les provinces des Gaules et des Germanies (Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30051.
Full textThis thesis talks about the distribution and the commercial circuits of the oil produced in the province of the Baetic (Spain), exported in the spherical amphoras Dressel 20 towards the north-western parts of the Roman Empire. The chronology of this study concerns the 1st to the 3th century AC. The objective of this thesis is to create an electronic catalog of amphorastamps and to illustrate their distribution using geographical maps. The definitive objective is to determine and to consider the existence of trade organized networks connecting conventus and inside these, different zones of production, and the zones of consumption of these provinces of the north-western part of the Empire
Wündisch, Clemens [Verfasser], Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Helm, and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Bracht. "Das Diffusions- und Aktivierungsverhalten von Arsen und Phosphor in Germanium / Clemens Wündisch. Betreuer: Manfred Helm. Gutachter: Manfred Helm ; Hartmut Bracht." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1088185592/34.
Full textBlaxter, Tam Tristram. "Speech in space and time : contact, change and diffusion in medieval Norway." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269365.
Full textLahiouel, Rachid. "Evolution du réseau Kondo en fonction de l'hybridation : les systèmes CeIn(Ag,Cu)2 et Ce(Ge,Si)2." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10054.
Full textNgameni, Herman Blaise. "La diffusion du droit international pénal dans les ordres juridiques africains." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10457.
Full textToday, Africa is undoubtedly part of the world most affected by the commission of the most serious international crimes. Yet for decades, there are legal mechanisms to punish those responsible for crimes that shock the conscience of humanity. But the relative failure of these mechanisms can push the viewer to wonder if it is possible to ensure the dissemination of international criminal law on the African continent. This question is far from being incongruous, because even if a significant number of African states have ratified the Rome Statute that governs the fight against genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression even, the fact remains that the application of the Statute in the different legal systems involved is often compromised. The main reason for this is that international criminal law does not necessarily take into account the legal peculiarities of the states that have yet the primacy of jurisdiction under the subsidiarity principle, to sanction the commission of international crimes by the conventional rules devolution of powers. In addition, it should be noted that Africa is the stomping ground of legal pluralism that promotes juxtaposition of the modern legal system and traditional law. If the first is normally receptive to criminal international standards, the second whether Muslim or customary with the example of the Rwandan Gacaca is based on a different legal philosophy from that of international criminal law. In all cases, the articulation of international criminal law with African legal systems is one of the conditions of release. This link could also be encouraged by the dialogue between national and international judges who must work in harmony to build an international criminal system; hence the need for African states to promote effective cooperation with international criminal courts. It goes without saying that all this will be possible only in democratic political systems which can waive the rules and legal practices anachronistic to press a criminal policy that can promote in a more or less distant future, a true universalism of international criminal law
Boutoux, Guillaume. "Sections efficaces neutroniques via la méthode de substitution." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654677.
Full textHaung, Sz Kai, and 黃思凱. "Analysis of Phosphorus Diffusion and Activation in Germanium." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38467648457054140627.
Full textChew, Han Guan, Wee Kiong Choi, Y. L. Foo, Wai Kin Chim, Eugene A. Fitzgerald, F. Zheng, S. K. Samanta, Z. J. Voon, and K. C. Seow. "TEM Study on the Evolution of Ge Nanocrystals in Si Oxide Matrix as a Function of Ge Concentration and the Si Reduction Process." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29824.
Full textSingapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
Armour, Neil Alexander. "Transport phenomena in liquid phase diffusion growth of silicon germanium." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4003.
Full textGraduate
Jiang, Yan-Yu, and 江晏瑜. "Interfacial compound formation between silicon germanium alloy and chromium during diffusion bonding." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36899380480595630568.
Full text國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系
96
The silicon germanium is well known as one of the best thermoelectric materials under the high-temperature environment. However, whether a thermoelectric device performs well or not is strongly related to the property of its electrode. In this research, chromium metal, used as the electrode, is jointed with silicon germanium alloy. The research goal is to understand the interfacial compound formation during joining silicon germanium and chromium, such as the composition, structure of compound, and activation energy of compound growth. In this study, the bulk of silicon germanium alloy was processed by vacuum arc melting, and then joined with chromium by hot pressing. The microstructure, composition and crystalline structure were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Finally, the average thickness was measured and activation energy of formation was computed. The results showed that the intermetallic compounds formed are Cr3Ge, Cr(Six Ge1-x)3 and CrSi2, and the activation energy of growth were calculated. The possible reasons for the defect formation and the growing sequence are also conjectured.
黃亮毓. "Study of Germanium Diffusion in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructures from Vapor Phase." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42124658702681511863.
Full textWündisch, Clemens. "Das Diffusions- und Aktivierungsverhalten von Arsen und Phosphor in Germanium." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29186.
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