Journal articles: 'German students in Riga'

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Apsite-Berina, Elina, Liga Daniela Robate, Maris Berzins, and Zaiga Krisjane. "Experiences of International Students in Latvia: The Case of India and Germany." Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 14, no. 1 (April 26, 2023): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2023-0009.

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Abstract This paper examines the internationalisation processes in the higher education sector in Latvia and explores the motives of international students to study in Latvia, their experience and their plans. The study uses a quantitative data collection method – a survey – the results of which allow us to judge the main trends of internationalisation processes in Latvia. The differences between different groups were investigated, highlighting the countries with the most respondents – India and Germany, and comparing them with each other and with students from other countries. The results show that there are substantial differences between the groups. For German students, Latvia was more of a second option when they failed to get into their preferred university in their home country or elsewhere. They chose to study in Latvia mainly because of the university’s study programmes. At the same time, students from India were also interested in factors such as culture, the Baltic region and the attractiveness of Riga.

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Hösle, Johannes. "Antoni Pous (1932-1976)." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 5 (July 1, 1992): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.1992.181-192.

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Antoni Pous, an exemplary intellectual in the double sense of the word, was one of the first to teach Catalan at German-speaking universities after the Second World War. Having been a seminarian in the Plana de Vic, he was trained and promoted in his literary interests by Carles Riba, and shortly before his untimely death he translated poems by Paul Celan into Catalan. He was a teacher who knew how to give his students a passionate and politically committed view of his country.

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Sapiets, Marite. "Students at the Riga seminary." Religion in Communist Lands 16, no. 4 (December 1988): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637498808431396.

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Mihailova, Sandra, Kristine Martinsone, and Arta Pipcane. "Comparison of adolescent's values: Riga and Vidzeme region." SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196801006.

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The determination of individual values is the first step in the process of the personal development. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the difference between value hierarchies of Riga students and rural students and their subjective opinions about factors affecting them and compare the results with the values of previous generations. It is a pilot study with a comparative cross-sectional design. The study was carried out in several schools of Latvia in 2018: 2 schools of Riga and 2 rural schools of Vidzeme region. Participants were 11th and 12th grade students: 50 from Riga, 50 from rural schools. The research of values was based on the M. Rokeach value ranking test. It is found that the individual hierarchies of values in one group context differ more than hierarchies of adolescent groups of various years and different backgrounds. There are no significant differences related to the terminal and instrumental values between adolescents of Riga and rural areas: love, cheerfulness and education are more important for Riga students, but rural students prefer responsibility, obedience, capability. Some values have not been influenced by time or socio-economic and political situation, but some values have increased or decreased their significance with years.

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Genese-Plaude, Inta. "Emancipation of the National Identity in Augusts Deglavs’ Novel “Riga”." Respectus Philologicus, no. 44 (49) (October 12, 2023): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2023.44.49.114.

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The article studies the formation of the Latvian national identity as depicted in the cultural and historical novel Riga by the writer Augusts Deglavs. The plot is set in the second half of the 19th century when more and more Latvians from the country started to move to Riga. By applying the context-oriented approach and practices of cultural studies, the New historicism, post-colonialism, separate aspects of the dynamics and context of the relationship between Latvians and Baltic Germans in multicultural Riga have been analysed. In addition, the points where social and national identities contact and cross under the conditions of hermetic and hegemonic German culture, like relations with the German language, acquisition of social practices, emergence of the sense of Latvianness, have also been examined. The article also performs a concise evaluation of the historical importance of the Young Latvians’ movement depicted in the novel as the awakener of the national identity. Based on John Austin’s concept of performative language, in studying the emancipation of national identity, attention was paid to the ability of language “to do things”, which proves that words expressed in certain situations can possibly affect and change the run of historical processes.

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Zigmunde, Alīda, and Maija Pozemkovska. "The role of the Riga Latvian Society in the life of students and graduates of the Riga Polytechnicum / Riga Polytechnic Institute (1862–1919)." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 2 (November 1, 2018): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2018.003.

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The Riga Latvian Society (RLS) is the oldest Latvian organization in the world, where students, graduates and academic staff from oldest universities in the territory of Latvia – the Riga Polytechnicum (RP), from 1896 – the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), had worked. The activities of the Society and its members have been diverse and varied, and their results are different, too. The heritage preserved for the future is books compiled and translated by Latvians that are well-known folk historical and cultural values, and new educated, patriotic generations of Latvians. Poor students were supported as much as possible, enabling them to achieve their chosen goals and contribute to Latvia’s economic and national development, culture and education. The 150th anniversary of the RLS, the collaboration of the Society with the RP / RPI students, graduates and academic staff until 1919, has been studied.

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Bosse, Heinrich. "The establishment of the German theater in Eighteenth Century Riga." Journal of Baltic Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1989): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778900000101.

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Zigmunde, Alīda, Ērika Lanka, Elita Stikute, and Zanda Šlegelmilha. "Former students of the Riga Polytechnicum and Riga Polytechnic Institute (1862–1919) – literary workers." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 2 (November 1, 2018): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2018.004.

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The authors of the article have gathered literary works of poets and writers – former students of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) and Riga Polytechnic institute (RPI), and have characterized them. Several Latvian and foreign literary workers have studied at the institute. Only six of them – Alfrēds Andersons, Jānis Bergs, Rihards Ērglis, Ernests Eferts, Jānis Miķelsons and Arvīds Valdmanis – received diplomas in engineering after graduating from Departments of Engineering, Commerce and Agriculture. A. Valdmanis has written course books and literary works. Latvian poet Jānis Poruks and Russian writer Mihail Prishvin (Михаил Михаилович Пришвин) have also studied at the institute, but just like few others did not become engineers and are known due to their achievements in literature. RPI graduate admiral Teodors Spāde also wrote poems.

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Wezel, Katja. "Exile, Flight and Loss of Homeland: Margarete von Pusirewsky – A Baltic German Life Lost Between War and Resettlement." Latvijas Vēstures Institūta Žurnāls 117, no. 2 (December 2022): 99–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lviz.117.04.

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When the majority of Baltic Germans left Latvia in the fall of 1939, Margarete von Pusirewsky (1872–1948) stayed behind in her home town Riga. Together with her family – her mother Ludmilla Goegginger (Gēgingers) and her sister Marta Busz, as well as her two daughters and a son, they decided not to follow the mass exodus of Germans. In her life, Margarete von Pusirewsky had already experienced several episodes of self-imposed exile from her hometown and Baltic Heimat, firstly, as the wife of a military doctor post ed to different places around the Russian Empire, and secondly, during the First World War, when she and her family had fled to Helsinki. After these longer periods spent in other parts of the Russian Empire, she always returned to Riga. Even when she left Riga for the last time in 1944 to flee the approaching Red Army, she hoped to be able to return soon. Based on primary sources, in particular the memoirs of Margarete von Pusirewsky, this paper discusses the connectedness with one’s home town, the experience of exile, the longing for “being home” again during and after episodes of exile and in the context of flight, (forced) resettlement, and deportation.

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Griņevičs, Ivans. "Development of Inventors’ Activities in Latvia: Inventors’ Societies, Exhibitions, Patents and the Rationalizers’ Movement." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 4 (September 30, 2020): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2020.003.

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The article introduces inventors’ activities and inventors’ societies in Latvia in the 18th century, when it was part of tsarist Russia, until 2019. There is only one study on inventors’ activities, which includes the interwar period. There are many engineers among inventors, and this study reflects the participation of students, graduates and lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP), Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Riga Technical University (RTU) in inventors’ activities. The research provides an insight into the history of protection of inventions, inventors’ activities, international exhibitions of inventions and innovations, activities of inventors’ societies.

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Paškevica, Beata. "ANNA (ASJA) LĀCIS AT THE CROSSROADS OF CULTURES AND IDEOLOGIES." Culture Crossroads 8 (November 13, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol8.161.

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The article explores the course of formation of the positions of Asja Lācis’s theatre aesthetics in the early period of her activity, mainly in Riga during the 1920s. The article takes a chronological look at the first theatre impressions of German and Latvian theatres in Riga. Special attention is paid to Asja Lācis’s change of aesthetic views under the influence of the Russian avant-garde. In contrast to the exuberance of Hedda Gabler and the existential loneliness in Ibsen’s psychological theatre, the new Russian avant-garde theatrical search stressed the biomechanical conception and the role of the actor as a player in a theatre company. The key position in Asja Lācis’s personal work of directing in Riga amateur theatre of the leftist trade unions was the aesthetic requirements of the proletarian cult and the theatre of October. She tried to create a radical avant-garde theatre and expressed her aesthetic views in a number of articles in the Latvian leftist press. Anna Lācis’s experiments in Oryol and the Riga theatres, which were based on her acquired experience of the Russian avant-garde, served as a catalyst for her further cooperation with Walter Benjamin and Bertolt Brecht; it also influenced the development of different contemporary theatre trends.

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Otocki, Tomasz Kamil. "Andreas Fülberth, „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Ciekawy przewodnik nie tylko po Rydze, ale także po historii Łotwy." Acta Baltico-Slavica 38 (December 31, 2014): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2014.017.

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Andreas Fülberth, "Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stad"At the beginning of 2014, the book „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt” (Riga. A short history of the town) was issued. The author is Andreas Fülberth, a young historian from Germany, who is a lecturer of the history of Eastern Europe in the University of Kiel. He has already published several works about the Baltic states (in German: “Baltikum”), the most important of them being „Tallinn – Riga – Kaunas. Ihr Ausbau zu modernen Hauptstädten 1920-1940". Köln u. a. 2005 (Das Baltikum in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Bd. 2), which is dedicated to the plans of architectural rebuilding of the Baltic capitals (Kaunas – Riga – Tallinn) during the time of the first independence (1918-1940).The history of Riga by Andreas Fülberth begins – very traditionally – with the establishing of the town by Bishop Albert of Riga in 1201. Actually we can learn not only about the history of the town. The book by Andreas Fülberth provides a quite long trip through the history of Livonia (now a part of Latvia).For Polish readers very important and interesting piece of Riga’s history could be so called “Polish times” (to be more precise: “Polish-Lithuanian”) in Livonia – which used to be seen quite critical by Latvian historians before the war. We can learn also about Ignacy Mościcki who studied in Riga, the treaty of Riga from March 1921, as well as the Polish academic fraternities in Livonia (Arcadia and Welecja).Maybe the most important part of the book begins in 1918 – when Latvia gained independence for the first time in her history. We can learn not only about Kārlis Ulmanis and the Soviet-Latvian government of Pēteris Stučka, but also about the activities of Andrievs Niedra, a pro-German prime minister of Latvia. Andreas Fülberth, as a passionate lover of architecture, provides an interesting piece of information about the architectural rebuilding of Riga during the time of Ulmanis – we can learn the history of the Freedom Monument (1935), old town, which gained a new shape during the thirties. The Latvinization of the town during the first independence and Sovietization during the occupation (1940-1990) is also an interesting fact.The book can be recommended for all readers who do not have broad knowledge of the history of Latvia, but it is still a very interesting journey also for those interested in the Baltic states who want to learn about some curiosities from the history of the town. Do you know why the Freedom Monument was not destroyed during the Soviet time? Do you know the history of Riga’s tube that has been never built? Do you know the mathematician Ilja Rips? If not, you should read the book of Andreas Fülberth. Andreas Fülberth, „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Ciekawy przewodnik nie tylko po Rydze, ale także po historii ŁotwyNa początku 2014 roku do rąk czytelnika niemieckiego trafiła książka autorstwa Andreasa Fülbertha „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Jest to już kolejna niemiecka publikacja o stolicy Łotwy, jednak warto podkreślić, że ostatnią znaczącą pracę ujmującą historię Rygi całościowo wydano w 1897 roku, jeszcze wtedy kiedy Inflanty stanowiły obszar niemieckiego osadnictwa. Niemcy, podobnie jak Polacy, mają problem z holistycznymi opracowaniami na temat Łotwy. Przynależność kraju do Związku Sowieckiego po 1940 roku również i Niemcom utrudniała badania historyczne, w związku z czym byli oni skazani – podobnie jak Polacy na Manteuffla – na opracowania pochodzące jeszcze z przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Książka Andreasa Fülbertha ukazała się w prestiżowym wydawnictwie Böhlau Verlag, które od lat interesuje się historią miast europejskich mających w historii związki z niemczyzną. Od strony warsztatu historycznego autorowi nie można niczego zarzucić. Jest świetnym znawcą historii nie tylko Rygi, ale także regionu, który Niemcy określają jako Baltikum. Napisana językiem naukowym (choć przystępnym dla czytelnika) praca może być uzupełnieniem do polskiej wiedzy na temat miasta Rygi, a dla niektórych – z tej racji, że ani Łotwa ani Ryga nie doczekały się w języku polskim swojej całościowej historii – pracą „pierwszego kontaktu”.

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Šteinberga, Airisa. "Foreword." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 4 (September 30, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2020.001.

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The fourth issue of the scientific journal prepared by the RTU Research Centre for Engineering History (RCEH) comprises seven studies on Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) students, graduates, lecturers and issues related to engineering sciences. The authors of the scientific publications are Latvian scientists, historians of science, museologists, and pedagogues. The articles are mainly based on the presentations made at the RTU 60th International Scientific Conference on 10 October 2019. The research topics are the activities of RP / RPI students, graduates and lecturers, the history of engineering sciences and associations

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Strauhmanis, Janis. "The International Exchange of Students: Problems and Solutions at the Riga Technical University." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 2 (December 19, 2007): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.2.10.

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The international exchange of students plays an important role in acquisition of new knowledge and skills. However, it was possible to start implementing such exchange programmes at the Riga Technical University only in 1991 after the reestablishment of the Department of Geodesy. Currently, the Riga Technical University cooperates with several countries in implementing exchange programmes of students. The main problems encountered in this process are similar: inadequate foreign language skills, a lack of internationally recognized coursebooks and other study materials, insufficient cooperation between the universities that implement exchange programmes. These problems should be addressed by creating a working group and expanding cooperation, as well as enhancing requirements for students who participate in the exchange programmes.

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Apine, Rita. "Activities of Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society and Its Headquarters at 7 Baldones Street." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 5 (October 20, 2021): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2021.003.

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Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society was one of the largest and best-known Baltic-German sports organizations in the first half of the 20th century. Sports enthusiasts of various professions, including engineers, participated in the activities of this society. The house built by the Society in 1910 at 7 Baldones S treet, Riga, which has been rebuilt several times, played an important role in the sports life. The research presents comprehensive documentary evidence about the Society until the repatriation of the Baltic- Germans in 1939 and the history of its headquarters building. Using the documents and press materials from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LSHA) of the National Archives of Latvia (NAL), archive documents of the Riga Construction Board, as well as the collection of the Latvian Sports Museum, previously unknown facts have been revealed.

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Augškalne, Inese, Beatrise Garjāne, and Jānis Rozenblats. "Values in the World View of Vocational School Students." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 30, 2015): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2013vol1.526.

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The goal of the vocational education is not only to provide the economy with qualified professionals, but also to promote personal development of vocational school students, their motivation, critical thinking, responsibility, values. Values make core of the human world view. In educational perspective, values and world view position the vocational school graduate as a person and professional who is aware of the meaning of life and able to achieve constructive goals in his/ her life. Therefore the study is characterizing personal and professional values as a significant component in the world view of vocational school students in the long term perspective (1998-2013). The results of the research on the process of formation of professional values in Riga Technical High School (1998) and Riga Technical College (2013) and vocational school students world view (2012) have been contrasted and analysed. The results of the study stress the necessity of actualization of the value of profession acquired in the vocational school student’s experience during vocational education.

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Gudro, Ilze. "Riga Technical University Conference and Sports Centre «Ronīši»." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 4 (September 30, 2020): 141–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2020.008.

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In 1958, when the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was renovated, the idea arose to create a sports and recreation camps, as well as a health camps for students, where after sessions they could relax and compete in various sports. RPI was one of the first Latvian higher education institutions to establish such bases. For the first time, the article summarizes and describes the development of the Riga Technical University (RTU) Conference and Sports centre «Ronīši» from the 1960s to the present day.

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Jermolajeva, Jelena, Svetlana Silchenkova, and Larissa Turusheva. "Study of University Students’ Learning Motivation for Improving the Educational Process Efficiency (in Riga and Smolensk Samples)." Cultural Management: Science and Education 5, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/cmse.5-2.08.

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A good professional education is a prerequisite for successful functioning of the state system of labour resources management. For improving the educational process efficiency, a comprehensive study of motivation for learning is necessary. The article presents the results of the Russian-Latvian research project on the learning motivation of university students. The aim is to analyse and compare the learn-ing motivation of students of the first and last courses of the universities of Riga and Smolensk, and to examine the correlation between motivation and the psychological atmosphere in the student group. The data were obtained by the survey in which 230 students of the EKA University of Applied Sciences (Riga, Latvia) and Smolensk State University (Russia) took part. The leading groups of learning motives are identified, and the correlations between them and certain aspects of the psychological atmosphere in the students’ group are found out. The ways of increasing students’ motivation are proposed.

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Berg-Olsen, Sturla. "Wörter-Büchlein. A German-Swedish-Polish-Latvian Dictionary Published in Riga in 1705." Scando-Slavica 58, no. 2 (December 2012): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00806765.2012.740251.

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Plavina, Liana, Ilva Dulevska, and Helena Karklina. "Self-Assessment of Physical Activity and Health Capacity of Students." Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology "Signum Temporis" 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sigtem-2017-0007.

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Abstract The compulsory part of the individual life is physical activity. The physical activity is important for maintenance health capacity. Physical activity includes various kinds of components: physical activity during the leisure time (during the week days and weekend days), physical activity at home and in working place and physical activity during the transference from home to other place. Intensity of the physical activity could also be various from low to moderate and till high. Respondent of study groups were partly time students from Riga Medical College (RMC), n = 41, and from Riga Teacher Training and Education Management Academy (RTTEMA), n = 37. Respondents were students of both genders aged from 19 years till 53 years. We have provided the assessment of the principal anthropometric characteristics (height and body mass) as well the anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI)) and physical activity level questionnaire for students. Analysis of the data of physical activity questionnaire revealed that the average physical activity for students from RMC corresponded to low level of physical activity. The respondents from RRTEMA have moderate level of physical activity.

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Martuzāns, Bruno. "Before newspapers and the telegraph: information distribution in Livland more than two hundred years ago." Library and Information History 36, no. 2 (August 2020): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0020.

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This paper concerns information dissemination in the Livland province of the Russian Empire at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, when its rulers sent their orders to the provincial capital, Riga, by horse post. In Riga they were translated into German, and the ancient network of information dissemination used by the Lutheran Church was engaged. The orders of both the Empire and provincial rulers were delivered to Lutheran pastors, who announced this information to their parishes from the pulpit, speaking in Latvian or Estonian so as to be understood by local peasants (serfs), and allowed the texts to circulate around the manors of the parish. The infrastructure of the information network, its maintenance and threats, the speed of information distribution, information safety and security, and the fight against the delivery of false information are all topics of consideration. It is then concluded that information technology has changed drastically throughout time, but the problems it confronts remain quite similar.

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Kovaļčuka, Svetlana. "Contribution of Woldemar von Knieriem to the Training and Experimental Farm «Peterhof» of Riga Polytechnicum and Riga Polytechnic Institute." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 3 (October 15, 2019): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.009.

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The article is dedicated to Professor Woldemar von Knieriem (1849– 1935), who has made a significant contribution to the development of agricultural science, headed the Department of Agriculture of Riga Polytechnic Institute (1903–1906), as well as Training and Experimental Farm «Peterhof» (1880– 1915) near Olaine city. It became a model farm not only in the Baltic region but also throughout the Russian Empire. Professor W. von Knieriem was the Director of RPI (1906–1916), an outstanding organizer and author of scientific works. He provided students with extensive theoretical and practical knowledge in agriculture, focusing on practical, scientifically approbated lessons about the management of agricultural land and manors and trying to raise the general level of culture and the horizons of young people. Professor W. von Knieriem was Rector of the Baltic Technical University in Riga (1918) and worked in the Herder Institute in Riga (1920–1927). He spent his last years in his family estate in Livonia writing memories of his life and enjoying the company of grandchildren – one of them later became Prime Minister of Sweden Ulof Palme (1927–1986). W. von Knieriem died in January 1935 and was buried in the Great Cemetery in Riga.

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Arnis, Voldemārs, Indra Vīnberga, Irēna Upeniece, Daina Šmite, Maruta Hoferte, and Anita Gauruča. "Aaerobic Capacity of Health Care Students at Riga Stradinš University." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 17, 2015): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2015vol3.472.

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Aerobic capacity (AC) is one of health indicators that characterise the functional status of heart, blood vessels, respiratory and other bodily systems. Aerobic capacity depends on several factors: the health conditions, gender, age and the level of physical activities. Students spend many hours in a sitting position in lectures, libraries, when preparing homework, as well as when watching the TV and sitting by the computer. As a result students’ work abilities decrease and the health conditions deteriorate. Health care specialists should be physically active, not only for the sake of their well-being and health conditions, but also they should to be able to motivate their clients to have an active lifestyle.Objective of the research. The objective of the research is to explore aerobic capacity of healthcare students and analyse it within the context of the respective age group population. Aerobic capacity was determined for 730 students (517 women and 213 men in the age group from18 to 30 years) by applying the veloergometry test of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and using veloergometersMonarkErgomedik 839E. Pursuant to the WHO test results during the studies aerobic capacity indicators deteriorated for the majority of students.

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Maslak, Anatoly, Nataļja Van Gejeka, and Leonīds Pakrastiņš. "MEASURING SELF-ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY AT RIGA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 20, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol2.4921.

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The purpose of the study is to measure the creativity of students at Riga Technical University on a linear scale of self-estimation. Self-estimation of students' creativity is assessed on the basis of indicators that are points of the corresponding questionnaire. The novelty of the study is that self-esteem of creativity is considered as a latent variable, which, in the framework of the theory of latent variables, is measured on a linear scale. In the framework of this theory, based on the Rasch model, an analysis of the quality of the questionnaire as a measuring tool is carried out. Three-way analysis of variance showed that the self-estimation of creativity of students of the Architectural faculty is statistically significantly higher than the self-esteem of creativity of students of the Construction faculty. The factors of students’ “gender” and “course” were noted as statistically insignificant. The results of the study should be used to analyse the quality of the educational process.

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Zigmunde, Alīda, and Elita Stikute. "Versatile Pedagogical and Social Activities of a Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute Jānis Stiprais (1870–1946)." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 5 (October 20, 2021): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2021.005.

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The research discusses continuous effort of a pedagogue, economist and journalist Jānis Stiprais (1870–1946) in his pursuit to obtain education and his versatile pedagogical activities in Tomsk (Russia), Tukums, Valka and Riga, as well as the contribution he made in such areas as journalism, folklore and social work. J. Stiprais shared his knowledge of economics gained at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) with the students at the University of Latvia (UL), Latvia People’s University and Vilis Olavs Commercial School; in the first half of the 20th century he was the principal of educational institutions in Tukums, Valka and Riga, he also was one of the signatories of the Memorandum of the Central Council of Latvia on 17 March 1944. In the recognition of J. Stiprais merit for Latvia, he was honoured with the highest award of the Republic of Latvia – the Order of the Three Stars.

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Ēce, Kristīna. "Leipcigas un Lībencellas misijas: Hildegardes Procelas un Lilijas Otīlijas Grīviņas kalpošana." Ceļš 73 (December 2022): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/cl.73.02.

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Until the 19th century, women were not considered suitable for mission work. However, when Leipzig mission started its work in India, it came to the realization that to reach Indian women with the Gospel, women missionaries were needed. Soon, other German mission societies that sent missionaries to China, Indonesia and Africa also came to the same conclusion, opening the doors for ministry for the first women from Vidzeme (Livland). Baltic-German Hildegard Prozell, from Jaunmārupe, was sent in 1896 through Leipzig to India and Lilija Otilija Grīviņa, (in German Grihwin, Griwing, Griewing) from Riga, were sent in 1913 through Liebenzell to China. Each of these societies had different theological understandings about mission. Leipzig was based on the traditional Lutheran understanding of ministry and tried to create a universal Lutheran church worldwide, including in the mission fields. Liebenzell was the German branch of China Inland Mission, which was considered a “faith” mission that was more open to co-working with others. This impacted the way the mission societies selected their candidates, prepared them (a few months for Leipzig, 3–4 years for Liebenzell with male and female candidates training together), and sent them on the missions (solid salary for Prozell, not so with Grīviņa). Both missionaries had to learn the local languages and pass language exams. They both served as teachers, did evangelism with local women, and had to be administrators and local health care specialists. Prozell was the first to establish women’s work in Mayavaram, while Grīviņa was the first to take Chinese women to a local evangelism outreach (together with other teaching staff of the Hunan Bible Institute). Prozell, being a Baltic-German, received extensive support from her home church. Since her ministry took place before World War I, there are plenty of publications about her ministry in both Latvian and German newspapers in Riga. Grīviņa came from a humble background, going with almost no support, and as her ministry in China happened during WWI, there were almost no publications about her work. Both women have been equally forgotten in Latvian church history and deserve to be remembered.

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Kercher, Jan, and Nicole Rohde. "German Students Abroad." International Higher Education, no. 75 (March 17, 2014): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.75.5434.

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Increasing the number of German graduates who have spent time abroad during their studies is a key objective of Germany's higher education policy. Available data shows that the development of internationally mobile German students depends on the type of mobility, i.e. degree or credit mobility. While there has been a marked increase in degree mobility since 1991, credit mobility quotas have stabilized at about a third of all German graduates since 2000. Thus, Germany has surpassed the Europe-wide target which states that 20% of all graduates should spend a study or training period abroad by 2020. Meanwhile, the Joint Science Conference (GWK) of the federal and state governments considers 50% of graduates who gained study-related experience abroad as a mid-term goal.

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Zigmunde, Alīda, and Alvars Baldiņš. "Graduates and students of the Riga Polytechnicum / Riga Polytechnic Institute ‒ participants of the Proclamation of independent Republic of Latvia." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 2 (November 1, 2018): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2018.002.

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In 2018, Latvia celebrates a hundred years since it became an independent state. One hundred years ago, on 18 November 1918, 38 members of the People’s Council of Latvia (further in the text ‒ the People’s Council) took part in the proclamation of Latvia. None of them experienced the restoration of the Republic of Latvia, and most of them died before the end of the Second World War. There were seven graduates of the Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and one student who did not receive a diploma from the institute among the participants in the founding act of the Republic of Latvia. Of the seven graduates four suffered repressions in 1941 and were taken to Siberia, two after the Second World War went into exile, one died in 1924. Some of the participants of the Proclamation of the Republic of Latvia have left written testimonies about the beginnings of the state’s foundation. All members of the People’s Council were reputable Latvian citizens, some of them were awarded the Order of Three Stars for meritorious service to native land.

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Mälk, Sandra. "Contribution of Estonian Architect Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute, to Estonian Housing During the Interwar Period." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 5 (October 20, 2021): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2021.004.

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Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was the only higher education institution in the territory of the present Baltic States where it was possible to obtain higher technical education in the 19th century and early 20th century. Well-known Estonian architects, engineers and industrialists also studied there. Karl Tarvas (1885–1975), a famous Estonian architect, studied at RPI from 1906 to 1915. His creative heritage significantly influenced and shaped the architecture of Tallinn and its suburbs in the 1920s and 1940s. During the Interwar period in the Republic of Estonia, K. Tarvas deliberately chose to improve the living conditions of the less affluent population by designing standard wooden buildings, which we now know as the Tallinn House (Estonian: Tallinna maja). This research provides an insight into the study years of K. Tarvas and critically evaluates his professional activity. K. Tarvas was one of the founders of Riga Estonian Students’ Society (Estonian: Riia Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts; REÜS) established in 1909, which united Estonian students at RPI. He also was among the creators of the Estonian Association of Architects (Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Ühing) in 1921. His three sons Paul, Peeter and Pärtel also chose the profession of an architect, Peeter Tarvas (1916–1987) was the most prominent of the three.

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Antonovičs, Kaspars. "Analysis of foreign scientific relations and business trips of the Riga Medical Institute from 1950 to 1991." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics, no. 55 (February 7, 2024): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.51lf0.

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Relevance. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the role of foreign scientific contacts and professors' trips from 1950 to 1991 in the context of bibliographic sources underlines the tasks of the teaching character of the Riga Medical Institute. Since one of the least studied periods in the history of Latvian medicine with its ideological specificity is the period from 1950 to 1991, only individual studies can be found, including the history of the Riga Medical Institute and the Latvian State University in the monograph “From University to University”. The 60-year presence of Latvia in the USSR is often interpreted and idealized in two ways. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to consider the analysis of foreign scientific relations and business trips of the faculty of the Riga Medical Institute in the period from 1950 to 1991 in terms of bibliographic sources. For trips of scientific and teaching staff of the Riga Medical Institute outside the USSR, in the period from the establishment of the RSU until the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia in 1991, is characterized by connection with the political situation of the USSR system in international scientific relations. Methodology. The modern world has great opportunities for international cooperation and freedom of movement. Results. Students and Western scientists lack an understanding of the complex possibilities of scientific and academic staff of the Riga Medical Institute for scientific communication with researchers outside the USSR. Therefore, this topic has already attracted the attention of other European researchers. Conclusions. Practical significance lies in the updating of problems of foreign scientific relations and business trips of professors and teachers of the Riga Medical Institute in the period from 1950 to 1991 on the basis of new primary sources.

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Griņevičs, Ivans. "Izgudrotājdarbības attīstība Latvijā: izgudrotāju biedrības, izstādes, patenti un racionalizatoru kustība." Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture 4 (September 30, 2020): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/iav.2020.003.

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Raksts iepazīstina ar izgudrotājdarbību un izgudrotāju biedrībām Latvijā no cariskās Krievijas laika 18. gadsimtā līdz 2019. gadam. Par izgudrotājdarbību līdz šim apkopojoša pētījuma nav, ir pētījums tikai par starpkaru laiku. Izgudrotāju vidū ir daudz inženieru, un šajā pētījumā atspoguļota Rīgas Politehnikuma (RP), Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) un Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) studentu, absolventu un mācībspēku līdzdalība izgudrotājdarbībā. Pētījumā sniegts ieskats izgudrojumu aizsardzības vēsturē, izgudrotājdarbībā, starptautiskajās izgudrojumu un inovāciju izstādēs, izgudrotāju biedrību darbā.The article introduces inventors’ activities and inventors’ societies in Latvia in the 18th century, when it was part of tsarist Russia, until 2019. There is only one study on inventors’ activities, which includes the interwar period. There are many engineers among inventors, and this study reflects the participation of students, graduates and lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP), Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Riga Technical University (RTU) in inventors’ activities. The research provides an insight into the history of protection of inventions, inventors’ activities, international exhibitions of inventions and innovations, activities of inventors’ societies.

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Badalian, Dmitrii A. "Yu. F. Samarin, Slavophiles and the Struggle against “German Party” in 1840s-1870s." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 54 (May 20, 2019): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2019-0-2-41-67.

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Slavophile Yu. F. Samarin was the first public figure who entered into continued opposition to the “German party”, which in this article is viewed as pro-Baltic (Ostseen) group in the court, government and public circles. The party included natives of the Baltic governorates, foreigners and some high rank Russian officials supporting their ideas.The instrument of their influence and power was considered to be the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery (The Third Department). Samarin’s opposition to the “German party” was closely connected with the three series of his works: “Letter from Riga” manuscript (1848), articles on the situation in the Baltic governorates published in “Moskva” journal (1867) and the six issues of his book “ Remote Areas of Russia” (1868-1876). In the present article Samarin’s activity is viewed in the context of the opposition of the “German party” and the Slavophiles and polemics and discussions in Russian press in 1860-s.

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Douglas, Christina. "Te-aftnar i nationens tjänst." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 37, no. 3 (June 10, 2022): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v37i3.3064.

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The Baltic German women’s movement was deeply involved in the Baltic German national project between 1905 and 1919. By that time the traditional elite position of the Baltic Germans in the Baltic provinces of Imperial Russia was increasingly challenged and questioned, also with violent means. Therefore the Baltic Germans felt threatened, and the women’s organisations saw as their special mission to protect and advocate their own national character. Using Nira Yuval-Davis’s theoretical framework regarding a gendered understanding of national projects, as well as a hermeneutical approach, this article examines the relationship between the Baltic German women’s movement and the Baltic German national project between 1905 and 1919. Three examples are analysed: the establishment of the Frauenbunde in 1905, especially the Deutsche Frauenbund zu Riga; the tea evenings arranged by the Frauenbund; and finally their petition for a German annexation of the Baltic Provinces in 1917. In the endeavour to advocate their own group, the Baltic Germans drew heavily on their 700-year history and their self-image as a civilizing force. The Frauenbund worked hard to stabilise the group, for instance by actively trying to prevent that the poorer segment of the group lost their German-ness and disappeared into the Latvian nation.

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Roskoša, Antra, and Diāna Rūpniece. "Problems Encountered in the Process of Translation and their Possible Solutions: The Point of View of Students of Technical Translation." Vertimo studijos 12 (December 20, 2019): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2019.9.

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This research investigates the opinions of novice translators–35 students of the Institute of Applied Linguistics, in Bachelor’s and Master’s Programmes of Technical Translation at Riga Technical University–regarding the problems encountered while translating. Data for the research were drawn from the students’ essays and then explored using content analysis. According to the views of technical translation students, knowledge of the type and nature of translation problems helps the translator solve them and provide adequate, quality translations.

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Traupe, Gert. "German Students of Theology." Journal of Empirical Theology 4, no. 1 (1991): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157092591x00010.

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Koliskina, Valentina, and Andrei Kolyshkin. "Challenges of Digitalization of Small Credit Point Courses for Large Classes." Proceedings of The World Conference on Education and Teaching 2, no. 1 (September 5, 2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/etconf.v2i1.75.

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The paper is devoted to the development of digital competences of second year bachelor students at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology of the Riga Technical University for the course in numerical methods. The structure of the course is described in detail. The key component in the organization of the lectures and lab sessions is interactivity. Many interactive components (presentations, tests) in H5P format are available for students. The digital proficiency Levels 7 and 8 in accordance with DigComp 2.1 framework is expected to be achieved by carefully selecting topics and practical tasks to be solved during the course. The e-book written for the course and published by the Publishing house of the Riga Technical University is one of the teaching resources available to students. The course is fully digitalized so that it can be given in any of the three formats: (a) classroom and lab instruction, (b) fully online course or (c) mixed mode (blended learning). The preference is given to option (c). Both synchronous and asynchronous teaching methods are used. The organization of tests and exams (in the form of online tests) allows instructors to organize the grading effectively without spending too much time on it but at the same time effectively testing students’ knowledge.

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Ziborova, Viktorija, Sabina Kataļņikova, Diana Zagulova, and Natalya Prokofjeva. "METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE USE OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF ORGANIZING THE PROCESS OF TEACHING STUDENTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 20, 2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol2.4978.

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Control over any process of human activity is carried out by evaluating its result. In the field of education, the goal is, as a rule, to check the effectiveness of one or another pedagogical approach to solving the set task. For this purpose, a pedagogical experiment is planned and carried out. First, the analysis of the problem is carried out and the participants of the experiment are determined, control and experimental groups of approximately equal number and level of preparedness are formed. Further, the researched pedagogical approach is implemented, the results obtained are studied and evaluated, and conclusions are drawn. Research was conducted at the Department of Software Engineering and involved its students, as well as teachers of Riga Technical University and Baltic International Academy. Authors have studied the impact of introducing extended course content, interdisciplinary communications and feedback in teacher-student interaction. Computer training systems, a semantic network, and statistical analysis were used as assessment methods. Research aim of this article offers an overview of methods of assessing quality of education and their comparison in order to select the best one for conducting a pedagogical experiment, which were used in Riga Technical University.

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Karnes, Kevin C. "A German DJ, Postmodern Dreams, and the Ambivalent Politics of East–West Exchange at the First Exhibition of Approximate Art in Riga, April 1987." Arts 13, no. 3 (May 14, 2024): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13030088.

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Organized as part of the annual Art Days festival in the capital of the Latvian SSR, the First Exhibition of Approximate Art comprised a cacophonous and provocative mashup of music, dance, performance art, and design. At the center of the event was a demonstration of mixing and scratching records by Maximilian Lenz, also known as Westbam, one of the leading DJs in West Berlin. Mining archival sources in Berlin and Riga, this article reconstructs the complicated path by which the DJ came to perform at the event. It reveals a surprising network of relations and alliances operating in tandem behind the scenes, featuring a Riga artist dedicated to enacting a vision of postmodern performance in his city, an ambitiously networking émigré Latvian living in exile in West Germany, and a pair of Soviet offices under direct control of the KGB, charged with managing cultural exchanges with the West in hopes of currying sympathies for Soviet culture and policy. Complementing and extending research on the “gaps” and “holes” in the Soviet system that sometimes allowed for the staging of otherwise unacceptable works of art, the story of the First Exhibition of Approximate Art reveals how personal connections and interpersonal networks within even the most highly monitored parts of the system itself—the state security apparatus—could open doors for artistic projects unanticipated and even undesired by the bureaucratic state.

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Mihailova, Sandra. "Rīgas mazākumtautību vidusskolēnu viedoklis par savu paaudzi: eseju analīze." Sabiedrība un kultūra: rakstu krājums = Society and Culture: conference proceedings, no. XXII (January 6, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/sk.2020.22.010.

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The aim of the study is to analyse Riga ethnic minority secondary school students' views about their generation, highlighting how their generation differs from the previous ones, and how the students see their relationships, their future – where they see difficulties and where they see opportunities. This is a qualitative study, performing a narrative thematic analysis of the essays of students. The data are qualitatively analysed within a thematic group. Overall, this study presents the description of Z-generation already mentioned in previous studies, as well as new nuances that require further research.

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Bayanova, Aleksandra. "Benjamin Bergmann’s Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmȕken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803: Introducing Russian Translations of Six Letters." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 3, no. 19 (December 28, 2021): 79–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-3-19-79-113.

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Introduction. The impact of Benjamin Bergmann — a renown religious figure, writer and translator — in Kalmyk folklore studies is immense. He authored the earliest European documented record of the Kalmyk heroic epic of Jangar, German translations of the Buddhist treatise titled ‘Mirror of Reality’ and two songs of the Gesar epic, thirteen folktales from the Siddhi Kür collection, etc. Goals. The article introduces B. Bergmann’s letters included in the 1804 German-language edition of his Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmȕken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803 (Germ. ‘Nomadic Wanderings among the Kalmyks in 1802–1803’) published in Riga. Materials. The study explores and translates into Russian the first six letters containing ethnographic observations. Results. B. Bergmann’s scholarly insights into religion, language, lifestyles, and history of the Kalmyks to have compiled the edition were to lay the foundation of his work at the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences which unfortunately never happened. The meticulousness of his accounts and descriptions testify of his decent proficiency in ethnography and folklore investigations.

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Gudro, Ilze. "Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes konferenču un sporta centrs «Ronīši»." Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture 4 (September 30, 2020): 133–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/iav.2020.008.

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1958. gadā, atjaunojot Rīgas Politehnisko institūtu (RPI), radās ideja izveidot sporta un atpūtas, arī veselības bāzes/nometnes studentiem, kurās pēc sesijām atpūsties un sacensties dažādos sporta veidos. RPI bija viena no pirmajām Latvijas augstskolām, kas šādas bāzes izveidoja. Rakstā pirmo reizi apkopota un aprakstīta Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) konferenču un sporta centra «Ronīši» attīstība no 20. gadsimta sešdesmitajiem gadiem līdz mūsdienām.In 1958, when the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was renovated, the idea arose to create a sports and recreation camps, as well as a health camps for students, where after sessions they could relax and compete in various sports. RPI was one of the first Latvian higher education institutions to establish such bases. For the first time, the article summarizes and describes the development of the Riga Technical University (RTU) Conference and Sports centre «Ronīši» from the 1960s to the present day.

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Tubele, Sarmite, Ieva Margevica, David Bolton, Kim Doan, and Vicki A. McGinley. "Latvian College Students' Perspectives on Inclusion." Journal of International Special Needs Education 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9782/jisne-d-15-00038.1.

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Abstract This study reports on the perspectives of 79 Latvian college students' perception of inclusion of children with disabilities. Education majors from the University of Latvia and non-education majors from Riga Technical University responded to a 27-item Likert scale format and four open-ended questions by filling out an electronic survey. A principal components factor analysis of the data was conducted yielding three factors. The three-factor structure was similar to a previous study, with the first two factors being reversed. Males demonstrated greater variability on factor 1, negative effects of inclusion, than females, and education majors reported perceiving fewer benefits of segregating students with disabilities than non-education majors. Overall, the results indicate mixed perceptions of inclusion, and a need to educate both education and non-education majors on the benefits of inclusion.

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Jermolajeva, Jelena, and Larissa Turusheva. "FIRST-YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL/COGNITIVE MOTIVES FOR STUDYING IN RIGA AND SMOLENSK SAMPLES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 19, 2022): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2022vol1.6834.

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For a successful pedagogical process, university teachers need to know the learning motivation of students, monitor it, and take into account its peculiarities while developing learning materials and choosing educational strategies. Especially great attention should be paid to the motivation of first-year students, as in the first months of studies freshmen face increasing difficulties sometimes negatively affecting their motivation. The paper presents some results of an international study of students’ motivation and focuses on one group of learning motives of first-year students, namely, on their Educational/cognitive motives. The aim of the study is to analyse and compare the Educational/cognitive motives of the first-year students at the universities of Riga and Smolensk, as well as to study the interrelationship between this kind of learning motives and the psychological atmosphere in the student group. In the survey carried out in December 2019, 129 students from EKA University of Applied Sciences (Riga, Latvia) and Smolensk State University (Russia) participated. The technique of diagnostics of learning motivation by 7 content scales was used for data collection. For studying the psychological atmosphere in the student group, the technique of 10 bipolar scales was chosen. Table method, descriptive statistics, analysis of statistical indicators, method of comparison, correlation analysis were used in the data processing. The data analysis shows that a few months after the start of studying, the learning motivation of the first-year students is at an average level. However, for successful training, it could and should be improved. In the Latvian sample, indicators for both the general learning motivation and Educational/cognitive motivation are slightly higher than in the Russian one. The correlation analysis reveals statistically significant correlations between the psychological atmosphere and motivation of students. The results of the study are useful for further investigation of students’ motivation and search of the ways to increase it.

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Vukčević, Miodrag. "Lennart Larsson (Ed.). Wörter – Büchlein. A German-Swedish-Polish-Latvian Dictionary Published in Riga in 1705." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 60, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.60.4.09vuk.

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Waite, Robert G. "The German Women's League in Riga, 1905–1939: An ethnic women's organization in the Baltic States." Journal of Baltic Studies 28, no. 4 (December 1997): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629779700000131.

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Järvelaid, Peeter. "Professor Leo Leesment (1902–1986) als Mensch und als Lehrkraft der Universität Tartu." Teisė 110 (February 20, 2019): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2019.110.10.

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[full article and abstract in German] Leo Leesment (17.04.1902 Riga – 16.01.1986 Tartu), ein Mitglied der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft, gehört zu jenen Persönlichkeiten der estnischen Rechtsgeschichte, die mehrere Kulturgrenzen überschritten in ihrem Leben. Ihm gebührt die Ehre als erster nach 1920 eine Magisterarbeit an der Tartuer juristischen Fakultät geschrieben zu haben (erster estnischer Magister der Fakultät überhaupt war Nikolai Maim) und der erste Este zu sein, der in Tartu über Rechtsgeschichte promovierte. Mit seinen Forschungen zur mittelalterlichen Rechtsgeschichte wurde er zum international zitierten Autor sowohl im deutschen als auch im französischen Sprachraum. In Tartu unterrichtete er mit Unterbrechungen seit 1928 und hielt bis zu seinem Tod 1986 akademische Verbindungen mit den Rechtshistorikern seiner Alma mater aufrecht.

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Miszewski, Dariusz. "Belarus in Polish eastern policy during the Polish-Soviet War (1919–1920)." Review of Nationalities 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2022-0014.

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Abstract The late 19th century saw a national awakening of the Belarusian people. During World War I, under German occupation, the Catholic Belarusian national movement intended to create a sovereign Belarusian state (the Belarusian People;s Republic) or in union with Lithuania (a revived Grand Duchy of Lithuania). After the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, Orthodox national activists wanted a sovereign Belarus within a federal and democratic Russia. The Belarusian People’s Republic, established in March 1918, was not recognized by any state. Poland, Lithuania and Soviet Russia intended to incorporate the Belarusian lands on an autonomous basis. As a result of the Riga Peace Treaty (1921), the Belarusian lands were divided between Poland and Soviet Russia.

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Tilly, Charles. "Don Kalb, Marco van der Land, Richard Staring, Bart van Steenbergen, and Nico Wilterdink, eds. The Ends of Globalization: Bringing Society Back In. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000. vii + 403 pp." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901244536.

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As the European population grew after 1100 CE, bishops and princes in the thinly settled regions northeast of what we now call Germany took to generating revenue and labor power by recruiting qualified migrants to newly chartered cities and villages. Often the charters granted access to German law rather than the Slavic or Scandinavian codes and practices that had previously prevailed. German law afforded both merchants and peasants greater individual freedom and more secure claims to property than did earlier legal arrangements. Soon German-speaking cities such as Danzig and Riga were booming as crossroads in the exchange of northern goods for the manufactures of Central and Western Europe. In their hinterlands, German-speaking farmers intensified cultivation and shipped agricultural products to centers of international trade. Fairly soon, however, strengthened coercive monarchies and mercantile federations such as the Hanse extracted revenues and exerted top-down controls that increased inequality between insiders and outsiders of the newly expanding political economy. We might call the whole process Europeanization. Within Europeanization, however, what caused what? How did German law, semi-autonomous cities, intensive farming, exclusive trading federations, developmental states, and proliferating markets interact? Decades of vigorous, often vitriolic, debate among historians have not yet produced a clear-cut victory for the view that well- articulated markets did the crucial work, for the riposte that new forms of force-backed exploitation caused the transformation, or for any alternative to those competing explanations.

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Bohne, Antje, Sabine Wilhelm, Nancy J. Keuthen, Lee Baer, and Michael A. Jenike. "Skin Picking in German Students." Behavior Modification 26, no. 3 (July 2002): 320–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445502026003002.

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Hartmann, Veronika. "German Students building in Mexico." IABSE Symposium Report 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796271602.

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Journal articles on the topic 'German students in Riga'

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