Journal articles on the topic 'German philosophy and sociology'
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Bryzhnik, Vitalii. "Max Horkheimer. Sociology at University." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 17 (June 30, 2024): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2024-17-172-175.
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A short article by Max Horkheimer, a well-known German neo-Marxist social philosopher and one of the founders of critical social theory, was published in the eighth issue of the Frankfurter Studentenzeitung, the student newspaper of the University of Frankfurt, which was published in December 1951. This text is another work of the Frankfurt thinker from his cycle of philosophical and educational works devoted to the philosophical consideration of such a spiritually influential phenomenon of German culture as the German university. Horkheimer continued his line of ideological orientation towards the concept of das Studium in German educational philosophy when he was rector of the University of Frankfurt in the early fifties of the last century. The German philosopher defined the theoretical connection that should bind together philosophy as theoretical knowledge that emancipates human consciousness from the pressure of totalitarian, ruling ideology, and sociology as a science that is able to provide society, which has embarked on the path of humanistic transformations in its environment, with relevant positive scientific and objective knowledge. The theoretical basis of Horkheimer's next philosophical and educational work, his speech "Academic Studies at University" (1952), was outlined in general terms here. The Frankfurt philosopher, ideologically relying on the tradition of German university education to cherish an educated person’s freedom from excessive social and political power, set out the German intellectual's fundamental demand to separate the socio-cultural (spiritual) space of university education from the influence of the unity of ideological components of post-totalitarian society. According to Horkheimer, this ideological unity should be overcome by a new theoretical unity - a combination of philosophy, which is characterised by the use of free subjective thinking of an individual, and sociology, which as a science cognises in an objective way. It will result in such social upbringing of young people that will lead to the beginning of humanistic socio-cultural changes in a post-totalitarian society
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McCormick, John P., and James E. Herget. "Contemporary German Legal Philosophy." University of Toronto Law Journal 47, no. 3 (1997): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/825976.
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Sytnik-Czetwertyński, Janusz. "Concept of Personal Identity." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.10.009.
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Leibniz's concept of monads had of great importance for the development of the idealistic conception. Through Kant and his "Physical Monadology" she infiltrated into modern German philosophy. However, not only modern idealists referred to the concept of monads. Especially, that many scientific disciplines, which emanated from philosophy, related to the scope of idealistic notions, for example: psychology or sociology. German psychology and its creators have many often referred to monads theory. Freud, Fromm and Jung presented even their own point of views on this topic. Later theories, such as Lowe's theory, also refer to the concept of monads. These relations and the historical connections between monad theory and modern German psycho-philosophy are shown in this work.
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Weber, Max. "German Sociological Association Activity Report." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-2-131-148.
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This publication is the first Russian translation of Max Weber’s keynote address at the First Conference of the German Sociological Association (DGS) held at the Academy of Social and Commercial Sciences in Frankfurt, Germany, from October 19–22, 1910. At the first session on the morning of October 20, he delivered the business report of the German Sociological Association that had been founded in Berlin the year before. Weber was given the floor as a chairman of the auditing board immediately after the opening speech The Pathways and Objectives of Sociology by the Association’s president, Ferdinand Tönnies. In the conference transcript, Weber’s presentation is referred to as the DGS “Business Report”, though it is essentially the classic’s attempt to delineate a framework research program for the then-institutionalizing German sociology. At the outset, Weber talks about the principles of the Association’s activity as exemplified in its charter. First of all, he refers to the imperative of value neutrality, a central tenet to all Weberian sociology implying a purely scientific focus, i.e., free from political, ethical and other evaluations of scholarly interest in the subject. Additionally, he emphasizes the pragmatic nature of the DGS, since it is not a purely status-based association of academic “nobility”. In the main part of the paper, Weber discusses the specific clusters of topics that the Association has chosen to study as its priorities, including the sociology of the media, the sociology of unions and public associations, and the sociology of key professions in modern society. The scholar concludes by speaking about the DGS financial situation, and its general dependence on promoting a culture of scholarly sponsorship patterned after the American model.
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Liebau, Heike. "Networks of Knowledge Production." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8524237.
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Abstract This essay explores networks of knowledge exchange and practices of knowledge production between South Asian Muslims and academic circles in Germany between 1915 and 1930. It centers on the brothers Abdul Jabbar Kheiri and Abdul Sattar Kheiri and foregrounds their interaction and encounters with German scholars during the First World War and in Weimar Germany until the brothers' return to India. Taking into consideration the asymmetries at play, the article looks at the motivations for the interest in knowledge exchange on the German and on the Indian sides, which changed in accordance with the different political situations and the positionalities and dependencies of the actors. The knowledge exchange went far beyond the newly emerging discipline of Islamic studies and classical Indology to include disciplines like sociology, economy, philosophy, and art.
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GREENBERG, UDI. "ERNST CASSIRER'S MOMENT: PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICS." Modern Intellectual History 10, no. 1 (April 2013): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244312000431.
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The emergence of the German Jewish philosopher Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945) as the object of scholarly attention has been both surprising and rapid. In the decades since his early death while in exile in the United States, Cassirer never fell into complete oblivion. His works remained known to specialists in German intellectual history; his participation in a famous 1929 debate with Martin Heidegger in Davos, Switzerland, one of the most iconic moments in modern Continental thought, made his name familiar to most students of modern philosophy. Yet Cassirer lacked the widespread recognition given to contemporaries such as Heidegger or Walter Benjamin, and his work never became the center of historical or philosophical study. This neglect stemmed, in part, from dismissal by his peers; as Edward Skidelsky explains in his new study, Rudolf Carnap found him “rather pastoral,” Isaiah Berlin dismissed him as “serenely innocent,” and Theodor Adorno thought he was “totally gaga” (125). The last few years, however, have seen the rise of a remarkable new interest in Cassirer in both Germany and the English-speaking world. Among this recent literature, Edward Skidelsky's and Peter Gordon's works lead the small “Cassirer renaissance” and offer the best English-language introduction to his thought. Both Gordon and Skidelsky ambitiously seek to relocate Cassirer at the forefront of modern German and European thought. Gordon goes as far as to call him “one of the greatest philosophers and intellectual historians to emerge from the cultural ferment of modern Germany” and one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century (11). In making such bold statements, Gordon and Skidelsky clearly set their sights beyond the person himself; they aspire to highlight a central strand of thought that enjoyed a powerful presence in early twentieth-century Germany but fell into neglect in the postwar era. In doing so, they seek to reevaluate the nature and legacy of Weimar thought, its complex relationship with the period's unstable politics, and its relevance today.
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Freyer, Hans. "Sociology as a Science of Reality: A Logical Foundation for the System of Sociology." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 20, no. 2 (2021): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2021-2-290-299.
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The Centre for Fundamental Sociology (HSE University, Moscow) and Vladimir Dal Publishing House (St. Petersburg) have initiated the Russian translation and publication of Sociology as a Science of Reality: A Logical Foundation for the System of Sociology (1930), a key work of the famous German philosopher and sociologist, Hans Freyer. In the early 1920s, Freyer, who became the first full professor of sociology in Germany, published several seminal works covering a wide range of topics in social science and political philosophy. The Introduction to the thinker’s first work on sociology in its proper meaning, published here, has the characteristics of a program manifesto outlining the basic principles for comprehending the discipline and its subject matter as a social and historical phenomenon. Freyer argues that sociology as a scholarly discipline emerges in a society that is being detached from the state; now, instead of an obvious and stable order, an insecure, precarious and unpredictable society arises, becoming a problem for itself. Consequently, alongside the formation of sociology, its object emerges; it is a heterogeneous “society” that has gained autonomy from the state while sharply divergent from that same society regarding the principles of the organization of social life. Meanwhile, the distinctive feature of European sociology is not simply its embeddedness in history, but its immediate substantial connection with the preceding philosophical tradition. This enables Freyer to raise the question of the philosophical basis of sociology as a scientific system. He also formulates the task of defining the forms of this system and outlining its primary lines. The structural and methodological comparison between the European sociology version and the American version of the discipline is particularly interesting from the perspective of the academic history.
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Sokolova, Rimma I. "The Worldwide Famous and Unknown to Us Philosopher Dieter Henrich (a brief Overview of His Creative Path)." History of Philosophy 26, no. 1 (2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2021-26-1-110-121.
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The review briefly examines the main milestones of the creative path of the outstanding German philosopher Dieter Henrich (b. 1927), who in Germany is considered the greatest thinker of the post-war period, along with H.G. Gadamer and Yu. Habermas. Henrich is not only a deep researcher of German classical philosophy, but also the creator of his own original theory on the problem of subjectivity. This review pays special attention to this problem. Henrich had a great influence on many fields of knowledge – sociology, psychology, literary studies, and others. His works have been translated into many languages around the world; in July 2020, an international colloquium dedicated specifically to his work was held in Bielefeld. However, in Russia, due to historical and socio-political reasons, Henrich was almost unknown to the Russian reader. Only in 2018, one of his books, “Thinking and Self-Existence”, was published in Russian. In addition to this book, the review also mentions major works of recent years – “Being and Nothing” (2016), “This is Me and this is all said. Reflections on Fichte’s Insight" (2019). They develop the ideas contained in many of his previous works, but also present a new argument that presents the problem under study from an unexpected, sometimes opposite side. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to this philosopher and to arouse interest in further research of his work.
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Dakovic, Nevena. "The trauma of the others!? Yugoslav holocaust films of the 1960s." Filozofija i drustvo 33, no. 3 (2022): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2203519d.
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The aim of this paper is to map the reconfiguration and displacement of the emerging trauma of the Holocaust in the cinematic narratives of SFR Yugoslavia. The analysis of three nearly forgotten Yugoslav films of the 1960s - Killer on Leave (M?rder auf Urlaub/Ubica na odsustvu/Ubica je dosao iz proslosti, 1965, Bosko Boskovic), Witness Out of Hell (Bittere Kr?uter/Gorke trave, 1966, Zika Mitrovic) and Smoke (Dim, 1967, Slobodan Kosovalic) - follows Kansteiner?s thesis about the changes of Holocaust memorial narratives in the films shown on German television in the 1970s. Accordingly, I claim that the analyzed films position the trauma of the Holocaust as a crime committed by others, over there, and then in the past. Further, they broaden the trauma to accommodate the diversified roles of victims, perpetrators, witnesses and bystanders, and help the Germans (and other Europeans as well) come to terms with the Nazi criminal legacy and their own role. The co-productional terms allow the films to balance the memory of the Holocaust as both anti-fascist (East Germany) and cosmopolitan, multidirectional (West Germany) within the real Yugoslav/German symbolic narrative space and its intrinsic poetics (e.g., memorialization and sacralization).
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Hill, David. "German Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction." Journal of Contemporary European Studies 19, no. 2 (June 2011): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2011.580926.
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Walsh, Máté Gergely. "From Philosophy to Process Sociology." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 4 (2019): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.4.7.
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This paper traces the early influences that shaped Norbert Elias’s thought during his formative years in Breslau. Norbert Elias, a major figure of twentieth-century European sociology, built a unique research tradition known today as process sociology after rejecting philosophy at the beginning of his career and polemicized with the dominant social scientific schools of his time throughout his long life. This paper, examining Elias’s less known early writings and particularly his doctoral thesis in philosophy disputed by his supervisor, Richard Hönigswald, argues that to better understand, value and utilize Norbert Elias’s unique processual approach to sociology one must better understand the relationship between the neo-Kantian movement, a today neglected, but once a highly influential continental philosophical movement of the second half of the long nineteenth century, and the thinking of Elias’s rebel generation in interwar Germany. This paper also intends to search for a common ground between the philosophical and the sociological traditions.
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Mikhaylov, Igor. "The Guardian of the History of Philosophy: On Nelly Motroschilova’s Philosophical Beginnings." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 5 (July 2024): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-5-69-80.
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Six decades of N.V. Motroshilova’s active creative work were commonly associated with her work as a historian of philosophy. Although this view is largely fair and is confirmed by the way Motroshilova herself assessed her research, the philosopher’s range of interests was much wider: it covered problems of Western European history, the theory of culture and civilization. The article shows the formation of Motroshilova’s philosophical specialization which began as an interest in German philosophy, initially limited to Husserl’s phenomenology. However, already in the early 1960s the discussion of phenomenological problems was clearly placed in the context of social analysis and was commonly identified with sociology. At the same time, another perspective was outlined: consideration of the problems of Western philosophy from the point of view of the most universal problems of the theory of knowledge. Social analysis as the dominant direction of Motroshilova’s research remained until the end of the 1970s, while the thematic area of this analysis gradually expanded – first to the philosophy of the New Age, subsequently to German idealism (the philosophy of Hegel and then Kant), as well as to the origins of Western European philosophy in Greek antiquity. Simultaneously with this expansion, and largely due to it, the general philosophical methodology also changed: starting from the 1990s, the study of the history of ideas in the aspect of culture and civilization is used as a general approach to the history of ideas. The parallel thematic and methodological “universalization” helps N.V. Motroshilova to implement a number of extremely important scientific and organizational projects for Russian philosophy, three of them occupy a special place: History of Philosophy Yearbook, the first Russian periodic edition, entirely focused on the history of philosophy; preparation and publication of a new textbook History of Philosophy. West – Russia – East, as well as a new edition of the main works of Immanuel Kant.
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Mikhailovsky, Alexander. "On the Way to the “Geistesgeschichte der Technik” A Fragment of a Project by Hans Blumenberg." Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics VI, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2022-3-315-333.
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The central purpose of this study is to contextualize Hans Blumenberg's early essay The Relationship between Nature and Technology as a Philosophical Problem (1951), not to reconstruct the complex views of the German philosopher concerning technology. The following translation of Blumenberg's essay is also of interest since it can be seen as a part of an unfinished project called “Geistesgeschichte der Technik”. The study deals with Blumenberg's rootedness in discussions around technology in Germany (philosophical anthropology, pessimistic cultural criticism). The article shows how the young philosopher reacted to the issues presented by Husserl, Heidegger, Gehlen and other authors. The philosophy of technology in Scheler's Problems of the Sociology of Knowledge (1926) presumably had a decisive influence on the formulation of the question concerning technology in Blumenberg, which is one of the main theses of my article. Namely, the broader significance of Scheler for discussing technology in Germany before and after World War II boils down to three points: (1) at the heart of the process of technization of the Modern Age lies a certain instinct of power (Machtantrieb); (2) only a break with the culture of the Middle Ages makes it possible to genetically explain the world in which science and technology, in their mutual influence, are a consequence, not a cause; (3) philosophy as metaphysics allows us to see and name the ethical “guilt” of the New European society. The second thesis of this article is that Hans Blumenberg is the author who ultimately did not create the “philosophy of technology”; Blumenberg's writings on this topic are found on the periphery of his texts on the genesis of the Modern Age, which at the same time does not detract from the significance of his present statement.
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Thompson, Martyn P. "Letter from Germany: Reflections Occasioned by the First East-West German Political Philosophy Meeting." Government and Opposition 25, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00397.x.
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ON THE SAME WEEKEND AS EAST GERMANS OFFICIALLY exchanged East Marx for real Marks, another kind of exchange took place between East and West German professors at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Bielefeld. The recently established Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des politischen Denkens, in the person of Volker Gerhardt (Cologne), had invited some sixty senior philosophers, political theorists and political scientists from both sides of the inner-German border to discuss basic questions in political philosophy. The meeting was not a conference. The organizer, recognising the absence of any shared traditions of inquiry and debate, had issued invitations to a mere meeting. It was the first such meeting since the collapse of the East German Communist regime. In fact, it offered the first opportunity after almost six decades of dictatorships in the East for academics from the former front-lines, as it were, to reflect openly together on their subject, on their academic pasts and on their possible academic futures. Initially, the atmosphere was very tense. But, amazingly, the tensions soon evaporated. A strange sort of civility came to characterize the discussions both inside and outside the conference rooms. Conflicts were largely avoided, to the obvious relief of most participants. From an inner- German perspective, the meeting was a great success. At the end, Ernst Vollrath (Cologne) summed up a general view: ‘We have begun to see that we can learn from one another.’ But this reciprocity was not evident in the academic discussions. Something else was involved apart from the surface issue of Marxism-Leninism versus the rest of the world. It is worth reflecting on the development of the meeting and on what this something else was.
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Ma, Lin. "Cosmo-nationalism: American, French and German philosophy." Contemporary Political Theory 19, S2 (January 1, 2019): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41296-018-00303-x.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Happiness Pre-Modern Answers for Questions Today from Boethius to Fortunatus." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.4.1.01.
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Human existence is really dependent on the quest for happiness. Most people rely on contingent aspects of happiness, whereas all philosophers and poets have already taught us that true happiness rests somewhere else. This paper examines recent approaches to this idea of happiness, both in philosophy and in sociology, and related fields, and then turns to the teachings by the late antique philosopher Boethius (in Latin). From there, the article turns to the anonymous German novel Fortunatus (printed in 1509) where some of Boethius’s teachings find direct applications, defining happiness with a reference to wisdom. Past notions of happiness promise to illuminate us today in our search for true happiness beyond contingency.
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GUETTEL, JENS-UWE. "FROM THE FRONTIER TO GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA: GERMAN COLONIALISM, INDIANS, AND AMERICAN WESTWARD EXPANSION." Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 523–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000223.
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This article argues that positive perceptions of American westward expansion played a major (and so far overlooked) role both for the domestic German debate about the necessity of overseas expansion and for concrete German colonial policies during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. During and after the uprising against colonial rule (1904–7) of the two main indigenous peoples, the Herero and the Nama, of German South-West Africa (Germany's only settler colony), colonial administrators actively researched the history of the American frontier and American Indian policies in order to learn how best to “handle” the colony's peoples. There exists a substantial literature on the allegedly exceptional enchantment of Germans with American Indians. Yet this article shows that negative views of Amerindians also influenced and shaped the opinions and actions of German colonizers. Because of its focus on the importance of the United States for German discussions about colonial expansion, this article also explores the role German liberals played in the German colonial project. Ultimately, the United States as a “model empire” was especially attractive for Germans with liberal and progressive political convictions. The westward advancement of the American frontier went hand in hand with a variety of policies towards Native Americans, including measures of expulsion and extinction. German liberals accepted American expansionism as normative and were therefore willing to advocate, or at least tolerate, similar policies in the German colonies.
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McIlwain, David. "“The East within Us”: Leo Strauss’s Reinterpretation of Heidegger." Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy 26, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1477285x-12341233.
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Abstract Leo Strauss’s grand theme, the theological-political problem, has its basis in the predicament of being a philosopher in a political society. As a Jew and a philosopher, Strauss also faced the entanglement of Judaism and German philosophy culminating in Heidegger’s historicism. These related challenges prompted Strauss’s recognition of the first steps for philosophy in a global epoch. Strauss reinterpreted Heidegger’s religious anticipation of a “meeting of East and West” as a philosophical re-encounter with the Bible as “the East within us.” Whereas the Bible challenges the rationality of the philosophical way of life, this “Bible as Eastern” challenges rationalism itself.
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Yablokov, Igor N. "PHENOMENOLOGICAL SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION: DICHOTOMOUS AND IMMANENT-TRANSCENDENT VECTORS OF DEVELOPMENT." Study of Religion, no. 2 (2018): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2018.2.110-121.
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The article deals with the ideological background of the phenomenological sociology of religion. Phenomenological sociology of religion developed under the influence of phenomenology as a philosophical trend, created by the German philosopher E. Husserl, as well as the phenomenology of the religion of the German theologian and philosopher R. Otto and the Dutch theologian and religious scholar G. van der Leeuw. Philosophical phenomenology of E. Husserl and his ideas about “pure co-knowledge”, phenomenological reduction, the constitution of the social world, etc. had a special significance for the formation and development of the phenomenological sociology of religion. An important contribution to this process was also made by R. Otto and G. van der Leeuw. The author distinguishes two main tendencies in the phenomenological sociology of religion - dichotomous and immanently transcendental. The dichotomous tendency is presented in the works of such scientists as J. Wach and G. Mensching, and the immanent-transcendent tendency can be found in the works of P.L. Berger and T. Luckmann. The article analyzes sociological ideas of the listed researchers.
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Manzanero, Delia. "Krausist Criticism of the European Imperial Nationalism Doctrine." Human Affairs 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2022-0004.
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Abstract This study presents some of the contributions to the process of the constructing Europe since the illustrated ideas of the German philosopher Krause that were promoted and represented by eminent Spanish Krausist legal experts, such as Francisco Giner de los Ríos. His conception of Europe and European civilisation contains theories that, despite being surprising and openly opposed at the time, have today become part of the global heritage of modern day legal philosophy and our social aspirations. We firstly study how the development of the Krausist legal philosophy contributed to the political development of Spain and how this ius-philosophical thinking had a modernising influence on Spanish legal philosophy and science. Secondly, we delve deeper into the basic principles of Krausist legal-sociological theory that have had a major influence on Europeanisation, reviewing its most ardent criticism of the European imperial nationalism doctrine.
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Suzuki, Shoko. "Wisdom on the Pursuit of Happiness in Daily Life." Paragrana 22, no. 1 (June 2013): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/para.2013.0016.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide perspectives on conducting an international comparative study of happiness. This comparative survey, which the Free University of Berlin, Germany, and Kyoto University began jointly in 2008, is a truly international, interdisciplinary research project that designated Japan and Germany as sites for anthropological fieldwork where experts in philosophy, sociology, and pedagogy would jointly tackle the same field. Employing a historical and cultural anthropology perspective, this research project starts with the assumption not to seek to identify a model of happiness or well-being that goes beyond history and culture. Rather, the main focus of the research has been on how happiness and well-being are constructed in interactions among family members in the course of their various daily practices as well as in the ritual practices involved in families celebrating a festive occasion. First, in addressing family happiness, we examined the Christmas period for German households as typical seasonal festivity celebrated by families.
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Hruschka, Joachim. "The Greatest Happiness Principle and Other Early German Anticipations of Utilitarian Theory." Utilitas 3, no. 2 (November 1991): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800001096.
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Bentham was once thought to be the father of the principle which he called ‘the greatest happiness principle’. Now Hutcheson with his ‘greatest happiness for the greatest numbers’ is the generally accepted source of this test of moral behaviour. It is not in Britain, however, but in Germany that one finds its origin. A quarter of a century before Hutcheson's An Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (1725), a German philosopher provided a formulation of the principle on which Hutcheson relied.
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Bakhturidze, Zeinab Z., Sergey N. Pogodin, and Natalia B. Smolskaia. "German experience of migrants integration." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 39, no. 1 (2023): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.109.
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The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration politics of Germany and identifies the features of its implementation, considers the history of migration processes in Germany, as well as the current migration situation. The migration politics of Germany and the measures taken by the German authorities to implement integration programs for immigrants are analyzed. The problems of integration of immigrants in modern conditions are determined. The sociocultural integration of immigrants is described taking into account their cultural and ethnic characteristics. An analysis is made of the problems and difficulties that arise during the adaptation of immigrants in German society. To achieve the goal, a number of methods were used, such as: the historical method, which made it possible to trace the stages of development of the German integration politics and to identify the factors that influenced the formation of the integration politics of modern immigrants; the method of statistical analysis that made it possible to determine the extent of immigration; method of system analysis, to obtain a holistic view of the current migration situation in Germany. Undoubtedly, the topic of migration, integration and adaptation of immigrants remains very relevant, especially for a united Europe. In Germany, a large number of the state reforms have been carried out to strengthen the effectiveness of the regulation of immigration flows and the implementation of integration politics. It seems, the experience of implementing the migration politics, the difficulties that had to be overcome along the way, and the results that Germany managed to achieve, which, thanks to the implementation of the politics of hospitality and open doors, became one of the countries with an extremely large number of immigrants, can be useful and interesting for other countries.
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SARTORI, ANDREW. "BEYOND CULTURE-CONTACT AND COLONIAL DISCOURSE: “GERMANISM” IN COLONIAL BENGAL." Modern Intellectual History 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244306001053.
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This essay will explore the presence of Germany as a key trope of Bengali nationalist discourse in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth. It will problematize the exhaustiveness of a conventional spectrum of interpretation in the analysis of colonial intellectual history that has been defined at one extreme by the cultural violence of colonial interpellation and at the other by a hermeneutic conception of authentic intercultural encounter across the limits of great traditions. When Bengalis actually began to interact directly with Germans and German thought, it was an encounter whose parameters had already been deeply determined in the course of the preceding forty or fifty years. But I shall also argue that this appeal to the trope of Germany emerged from within a more complex, multilateral configuration in which “Germany” was itself a key figure of Victorian discourses in Britain itself.
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Malinkin, Alexander. "Voloshinov-Bakhtin’s Sociological Method in the Science of Language (on the example of the book “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language”)." Sociological Journal 28, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.3.9153.
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This article discusses the attributes of the sociological method of V.N.Voloshinov (M.M.Bakhtin) on the example of the book “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language”. Analysis was conducted in the context of the early works of the Soviet philosopher, while taking into consideration their study by Yu. Davydov, S.G. Bocharov’s recollections of Bakhtin, as well as the author's previous article on a related topic. It is substantiated that Bakhtin's worldview evolved over time, with him having been influenced in parallel and in sequence by the ideas of the most prominent German philosophers of the first quarter of the 20th century: G.Simmel, G.Cohen, E.Cassirer, E.Husserl, M.Scheler and others. The desire to develop an independent system of views, starting from the phenomenological sociology of Scheler, led Bakhtin in his work “Problems of Dostoevsky's Creativity” to the idea of human consciousness’ “dialogism” being a member of society (an individual). In the work “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language”, Voloshinov-Bakhtin “materialistically” interprets Cassirer’s “philosophy of symbolic forms” and comes to the idea of “inter-individuality” of the ideological code environment (inter-subjectivity) as a fundamental socio-cultural phenomenon that should serve as the basis for understanding both individual consciousness and all forms of human culture.
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Martinson, Steven D. "Literature and philosophy in dialogue. Essays in german literary theory." History of European Ideas 21, no. 4 (July 1995): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(95)90255-4.
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Leopold, David. "The Philosophy and Politics of Bruno Bauer." Canadian Journal of Political Science 37, no. 3 (September 2004): 768–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423904390104.
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The Philosophy and Politics of Bruno Bauer, Douglas Moggach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. x, 290Bruno Bauer (1809-1882) is neither a well-known nor an easily accessible figure. Despite making a significant contribution both to the evolution of Hegelianism and to nineteenth-century German controversies about the historical Jesus, his work is now little read and only infrequently discussed. His name appears often enough, not least in sketches of Karl Marx's intellectual evolution (on which Bauer had a disputed impact), but serious studies of his work are few and far between (in any language).
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SPECTER, MATTHEW. "HABERMAS'S POLITICAL THOUGHT, 1984–1996: A HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION." Modern Intellectual History 6, no. 1 (April 2009): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244308001959.
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Jürgen Habermas (b. 1929) has for decades been recognized as a leading European philosopher and public intellectual. But his global visibility has obscured his rootedness in German political culture and debate. The most successful historical accounts of the transformation of political culture in West Germany have turned on the concept of German statism and its decline. Viewing Habermas through this lens, I treat Habermas as a radical critic of German statism and an innovative theorist of democratic constitutionalism. Based on personal interviews with Habermas and his German colleagues, and by setting the major work alongside his occasion-specific political writings from 1984 to 1996, I interpret Habermas's political thought as an evolving response to two distinct moments in German history: first, the mid-1980s, and second, the revolutions of 1989 and German reunification in 1990. This essay challenges the dominant interpretations of Habermas's mature statement of his political theory. Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Democracy (1992), which have described it as marking a distinct break with, and reversal of, the commitments of his earlier work. By contrast, I describe the work as an intellectual summa, consistent with Habermas's previous thought and career, and containing remarkable historical interpretations of two intertwined phenomena: the intellectual and institutional dimensions of the Bonn Republic and Habermas's own biography.
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Canning, Kathleen. "The Politics of Symbols, Semantics, and Sentiments in the Weimar Republic." Central European History 43, no. 4 (December 2010): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910000701.
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Contests over the term politics, over the boundaries that distinguished politics from non-politics, were one of the distinguishing features of the Weimar Republic. Not only did the disciplines of history, philosophy, law, sociology, and pedagogy each define this boundary in different terms, but participants in the debate also distinguished between ideal and real politics, politics at the level of state, and the dissemination of politics through society and citizenry. The fact that Weimar began with a revolution, the abdication of the Kaiser, and military defeat meant an eruption of politicization in 1918–19, whereby political organs of state and civil society sought in unprecedented fashion to draw Germans into parties and parliaments, associations, and activist societies. “The German people would still consist of ninety percent unpolitical people, if Social Democracy had not become a political school for the people,” Otto Braun claimed in Vorwärts in 1925. Politics and politicization generated not only political acts—votes, strikes, and vocal demonstrations—but also cultural milieus of Socialists and Communists, Catholics and liberal Democrats, nationalists, and eventually Nazis. In Weimar Germany there was little room for the “unpolitical” citizen of the prewar era, held up as a model in a famous tract of 1918 by Thomas Mann.
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Wigura, Karolina. "Alternative Historical Narrative." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 27, no. 3 (December 27, 2012): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325412467456.
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“Polish Bishops’ Appeal to Their German Colleagues” of 18 November 1965 was one of the fifty-six letters written by the Polish Episcopate to episcopates all over the world on the occasion of the end of the Second Vatican Council. However, this one had a special character. In all letters, the brother bishops were first informed about one thousand years of Christianity in Poland, then an outline of the millennium history was given, emphasizing, if possible, common history. The Letter to the German Episcopate had a special significance symbolized by the famous words contained in it: “we grant forgiveness and we ask for forgiveness.” Twenty years after the end of the Second World War, in a communist Poland, where being anti-German (more precisely being anti-Western Germany) was an inherent feature of the official propaganda of the state, the Polish bishops undertook to write an alternative history of relations with the western neighbour. The article examines the Appeal, presenting the background of creating the document, recalling its text and interpreting the text, using keys derived from contemporary philosophy of forgiveness, such as for example Paul Ricoeur’s and Józef Tischner’s, as well as historical documents such as letters written by the authors of the Appeal. Thanks to the alternative history described by the letter, the Appeal has served for years not only as the first step on the way to German–Polish reconciliation but also as the first political declaration using the word “forgiveness” after the Second World War.
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Golikov, Alexander. "Max Weber at the turn of the millennium: a new generation, new (epistemo) logics." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.01.057.
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The article is devoted to the study of the Max Weber’s position in sociology and philosophy and the position of sociology and philosophy in relation to Max Weber at the turn of the millennium. The author addresses a number of aspects of Weber’s theory (epistemology, axiology, ontology at the microlevel and at the macrolevel), well known and studied in sociology, in order to produce a holistic picture of Max Weber’s conceptual and methodological proposals in terms of their epistemological perspective. In addition, the article examines the currently missed opportunities of Weber’s concept and theorizing, in particular, the paradox of sociological and philosophical discourses, the study of economic action, etc. The author using a wide range of analysts and concepts of Western (E. Troeltsch, J. Habermas, J. Kaube, W. Schluchter, S. Kalberg, T. Schwinn, H. Joas, J. Vahland, K. Palonen) and post-Soviet (Yu Davydov, L. Titarenko, S. Zolyan, T. Dmitriev) sociologists and philosophers, as well as analyzing a number of works of the German philosopher and sociologist himself, demonstrates the heuristic potential of Weber’s developments in various dimensions. The topics of the origins and roots of the Weberian concept, its methodology of science, the social status of science from Weber’s point of view, the place of enchantment in social and epistemological processes, the relationship between motive and meaning, the problem of administrative power and utility, human rights in Weber’s optics and macrohistorical logic in his research are touched upon. The author also draws attention to the connection between Weber’s socio-political and worldview position with his epistemological developments, his scientific and academic activities. Analogies are drawn between the situations of the early XX and early XXI centuries with the demonstration of the possibilities of Weber’s experience in the modern socio-cultural and historical situation.
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Demetriou, Kyriacos. "The Development of Platonic Studies in Britain and the Role of the Utilitarians." Utilitas 8, no. 1 (March 1996): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800004714.
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The British utilitarians are not generally considered explorers of classical Greek thought. This paper examines the contribution of James Mill, John Stuart Mill, and George Grote to the development of Platonic studies in nineteenth-century Britain. Their understanding of Platonic philosophy challenged prevalent interpretations, and caused a fruitful debate over long neglected aspects of Plato's thought. Grote's Platonic analysis, which comes last in order of time, cannot, of course, be considered in isolation from the relevant debates in Germany. Grote, the erudite historian of ancient Greece, paid considerable attention to the arguments of the German classicists, put forward in many cases a new point of view, and prompted a radical revaluation of Platonic political thought.
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FEIJOO, Ana Maria Lopez Calvo De, and Paulo Victor Rodrigues Da COSTA. "Daseinsanálise e a Tonalidade Afetiva do Tédio: Diálogos entre Psicologia e Filosofia." PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica 26, no. 3 (2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18065/2020v26n3.7.
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The aim of this article is to think, especially from the phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective, the relationship between the attunement of boredom and the daseinsanalysis. Such a thought arises explicitly with the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, making essential the relation between phenomenology and hermeneutics. From this, the possibility of a repositioning of understanding in relation to boredom arises: a solipsist interpretation is avoided and appears an historical interpretation of certain existential disorders that in the contemporary world need renewed interpretations. Philosophy emerges as a fundamental element of the dialogue in this new understanding of the phenomenon of boredom, unfortunately not yet thematized by the main authors of Daseinsanalysis.
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Runkel, Simon. "Gestimmte Denkräume. Anmerkungen zu Jürgen Hasses „Was Räume mit uns machen – und wir mit ihnen“ (2014)." Geographica Helvetica 72, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-295-2017.
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Abstract. Based on a reading of the book Was Räume mit uns machen – und wir mit ihnen. Kritische Phänomenologie des Raumes by Jürgen Hasse (2014), the article discusses the noteworthy role of phenomenology within German-speaking human geography. The phenomenological work by Hasse and his close referring to the philosophy of H. Schmitz will be discussed in the context of the sociology of knowledge and the history of the discipline. In conclusion, the article pleas for a phenomenologically grounded discussion of the spatialities of feelings against the backdrop of the current resurgence of politics of feelings.
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Steinmetz, George. "Charles Tilly, German Historicism, and the Critical Realist Philosophy of Science." American Sociologist 41, no. 4 (September 11, 2010): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-010-9108-8.
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GREGORY, FREDERICK. "GERMAN POST-DARWINIAN BIOLOGY REASSESSED." Modern Intellectual History 8, no. 1 (March 3, 2011): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244311000138.
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It is hard to imagine two more engaging and thoroughly researched works on German science than the two here under review. This is especially rewarding because in the period covered—the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth—it is often the physical sciences that command the attention of historians. This was the time when Helmholtz was at the peak of his profession and Einstein was emerging onto the scene. Richards and Nyhart are among those historians of science who are reexamining assumptions about the sciences of life in Germany from the beginning of the nineteenth century on. In particular, as scholars of Germany they refuse to concede to any other country or individual (including Darwin) the undisputed center of attention where biological science and even the subject of evolution are concerned. Both works are much more than straightforward narrative histories. Nyhart and Richards have each taken on difficult historiographical challenges in the course of presenting the results of their research.
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ZAMMITO, JOHN. "RECONSTRUCTING GERMAN IDEALISM AND ROMANTICISM: HISTORICISM AND PRESENTISM." Modern Intellectual History 1, no. 3 (October 21, 2004): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244304000241.
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Frederick Beiser, German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 (Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press, 2002)Robert Richards, The Romantic Conception of Life: Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe (Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press, 2002)All art should become science and all science art; poetry and philosophy should be made one.Friedrich Schlegel, Kritische FragmenteWhen two major studies on the same thematic appear roughly simultaneously, integrating not only their authors' respective careers but the revisions of a whole generation of scholarship, the moment cries out for stock-taking, both substantively and methodologically. At a minimum, we need to recognize the key theses of our two protagonists and the frameworks they erect to uphold them. But we need even more to step back from that endeavor to wider considerations. I advance two claims in that light. First, something has been unearthed in these studies which speaks to urgent philosophical concerns of our day, namely the rise of naturalized epistemology and the need for a more encompassing naturalism. Indeed, I suspect this current interest may have incited (if only subliminally) discernment of just those aspects of the earlier age. That signals something essential about the point and practice of intellectual history, namely (my second claim) the mutuality, not opposition, of historicism and presentism.
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Collins, Randall. "A Micro-Macro Theory of Intellectual Creativity: The Case of German Idealist Philosophy." Sociological Theory 5, no. 1 (1987): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/201995.
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Shachin, Svyatoslav. "The philosophy of dialogue by Y. Habermas and M. Bakhtin in the context of comparing of the socio-cultural foundations of the German and Russian philosophical traditions." KANT 37, no. 4 (December 2020): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-37.67.
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The article explores how the socio-cultural conditions of Germany and Russia affect the development of thought itself when revealing the category of dialogue and how the socio-cultural identity of thinkers is expressed in the philosophy of dialogue. The original sociology of the theory of dialogue by Y. Habermas and the ontology of the theory of dialogue by M. M. Bakhtin are shown. The main achievements of each of the authors in the development of the category of dialogue are traced. Y. Habermas justified the communicative mind, rooted in the language, through which it is possible to achieve mutual understanding between the participants of speech communication. On this path, a common interest can be found between the conflicting classes, and then, thanks to the activities of a democratic legal state, this interest can be realized, which will lead to a reasonable social structure. M. Bakhtin justified the dialogic nature of an act that brings something new to the world, which is not foreseen by the logic of calculation. He discovered and proved the existence of special communication practices in which collective experiences of the connection between the human community and eternity and infinity can be obtained. These practices cannot be completed and bring positive content in the form of a specific norm of activity. The correlation of the foundations of German and Russian philosophical cultures leads to the formulation of borderline questions about the possibility of a synthesis of German rationalism and Russian spirituality.
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Silver, Hilary. "Book Reviews." German Politics and Society 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 66–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370104.
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Rafaela Dancygier, Dilemmas of Inclusion: Muslims in European Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017) Reviewed by Hilary Silver, Sociology, George Washington University Thomas Großbölting, Losing Heaven: Religion in Germany since 1945; translated by Alex Skinner (New York: Berghahn Books, 2017. Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Languages, Indiana University South Bend Hans Vorländer, Maik Herold, and Steven Schäller, PEGIDA and New Right-Wing Populism In Germany (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Reviewed by Joyce Mushaben, Political Science, University of Missouri St. Louis Kara L. Ritzheimer, “Trash,” Censorship, and National Identity in Early Twentieth-Century Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) Reviewed by Ambika Natarajan, History, Philosophy, and Religion, Oregon State University Anna Saunders, Memorializing the GDR: Monuments and Memory After 1989 (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018) Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Languages, Indiana University South Bend Desmond Dinan, Neill Nugent and William E. Paterson, eds., The European Union in Crisis (London: Palgrave, 2017) Reviewed by Helge F. Jani, Hamburg, Germany Noah Benezra Strote, Lions and Lambs: Conflict in Weimar and the Creation of Post-Nazi Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017). Reviewed by Darren O’Byrne, History, University of Cambridge Chunjie Zhang, Transculturality and German Discourse in the Age of European Colonialism (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2017) Reviewed by Christopher Thomas Goodwin, History, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Marcel Fratzscher, The Germany Illusion: Between Economic Euphoria and Despair (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). Reviewed by Stephen J. Silvia, International Relations, American University
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Risse, Mathias. "Why We Should Talk about German ‘Orientierungskultur’ rather than ‘Leitkultur’." Analyse & Kritik 40, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2018-0021.
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Abstract The notion of Leitkultur has been used in German immigration debates to capture the idea that our living arrangements ought to be shaped by shared cultural identity. Leitkultur contrasts with a multiculturalism that sees multiple cultures side-by-side on equal terms. We should replace Leitkultur with Orientierungskultur, a notionwhose introduction is overdue. German philosophy, especially Kant, has bestowed an intellectual meaning upon an originally geographical notion that is already ubiquitous, making ‘Orientierungskultur’ a natural construct. That notion allows us to say there is an inevitably amorphous but recognizable German culture whose prominence in public life provides a grounding for many and prevents them from feeling alienated from the society they helped build; at the same time, for some domains of public life not participating in default behavior is not merely tolerated but acknowledged as a genuine alternative. Crucially, one way of orienting oneself is to turn away.
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Belukhin, Nikita. "The Settlement of the Status of National Minorities in the Danish-German Borderlands in Light of The Post-War Reconciliation Between Denmark and Germany (1945—1955)." ISTORIYA 14, no. 8 (130) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027719-9.
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The article deals with the legal settlement of the status and rights of the Danish and German minorities in South Schleswig and South Jutland and it significance for the postwar reconciliation between Denmark and Germany. Whereas in the case of France and Germany the integration of the coal and steel industries within the framework of the European Coal and Steel Community provided a practical basis and simultaneously became the symbol of their postwar reconciliation, in the case of Denmark and Germany such basis and symbol was embodied by the Danish-German model of national minorities’ protection and political emancipation which was reflected in the Copenhagen-Bonn Declarations of 1955. Since the question of Germany's accession to NATO became inseparable from the problem of the Danish and German national minorities, the German government headed by K. Adenauer considered it possible to make significant concessions to the Danish side and to provide the Danish minority with a possibility to achieve a broad political representation both at the local and the federal level.
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Ilizarov, S. S., and V. A. Kupriyanov. "Timofey Ivanovich Rainoff as a histprian of russian philosophy." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2020.2.043-058.
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The essay deals with history of creation of the «Outlines of the history of Russian philosophy of the 50–60s» written by T.I. Rainov (1890–1958), a historian of natural science, literary scholar and a philosopher. The authors show specificity of T.I. Rainov’s methodology both against the background of the historiography of Russian philosophy and in the broader context of the historical-philosophical program proposed by the German classical idealism. It is indicated that the basis of the methodology of historical and philosophical works of the 19th – early 20th centuries, regardless of their national and scholarship, was the approach most clearly expressed in the Hegelian historical and philosophical concept. The essence of this research method involves either the complete elimination of the socio-psychological aspects of the history of thought, or it relates them to secondary, «background» elements of the historical development of philosophy. It is shown that T.I. Rainov’s essays on the history of Russian philosophy represent one of the first attempts to apply the idea of social conditioning of knowledge, anticipating the scientific program of modern sociology of scientific knowledge. It is revealed that the basis of the methodology of T.I. Rainov is the sociological doctrine of E. Durkheim, namely his concept of mechanical and organic solidarity, on the basis of which Rainov examines the social conditions that determined the specificity of the philosophy of the 1850-1860s shown by him. The comparison of Rainov’s interpretation of the philosophy of the period under consideration and similar approaches presented in the famous works of G.G. Shpeta, B.V. Yakovenko, E.L. Radlova and A.I. Vvedensky. An important part of the study is the reconstruction of T.I. Rainov before the revolution of 1917. On the basis of archival sources, the biographical context of the writing of the work is reconstructed and its dating is proposed. The study used the traditional tools of history and the history of philosophy: methods of archival search, historical reconstruction and hermeneutics of texts.
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Vatlin, Alexander. "From Democracy to Dictatorship: Historiographic Problems of the Sociopolitical Development of Germany in 1918—1933." ISTORIYA 14, no. 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024419-9.
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The article attempts to analyze one of the most difficult historiographical problems of the recent history of Germany — the transition of the first German democracy to the National Socialist dictatorship. Its necessity is dictated by the fact that in recent years new assessments and judgments of historians have appeared in historiography, which significantly supplemented traditional approaches. The authors of the article are of the opinion that due to the relatively late political unification of Germany and the preservation of medieval monarchical traditions and structures of domination, the subjects of modernization changes that began at the turn of the 19—20th centuries were social groups, associations, unions, political movements and parties. The war unleashed by the German monarchy and its subsequent tragedy clearly showed the reverse side of national unity under the influence of the euphoria of the “spirit of 1914”. The confusion and fears of the uncertainty of the future that followed the defeat in the war again forced the nation to unite, however, no longer on the basis of a common conviction that war was inevitable, as a means of overcoming land hunger, but in connection with the vision of political prospects and the intention to achieve them through parliamentary compromise. However, the fragile foundations of the first German democracy were again shaken by the upheavals of two world economic crises in the early and late 1920s. The fear of social and economic disasters was exacerbated by the lack of discussion about Germany's guilt in starting the war, which contributed to the emergence of a completely different belief in the form of a legend about the innocence of the Germans (“the stab-in-the-back myth”). Its dangerous potential, legitimizing the mass consciousness, could at any moment undermine the foundations of the fragile German democracy. The conviction that the defeat of Germany could be explained by circumstances not of a military nature, but of a domestic political nature, became part of the so-called “conservative revolution”, which arose as an opposition to the Weimar Republic and contributed to the radicalization of the right forces along with the subsequent rise of National Socialism.
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Steiner, Philippe. "Durkheim's sociology, Simiand's positive political economy and the German historical school." European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 10, no. 2 (July 2003): 249–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0967256032000066891.
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Brantl, Dirk. "Recent Trends in German Hobbes Scholarship." Hobbes Studies 32, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-03201003.
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This review traces recent developments in German Hobbes scholarship. Relevant publications are discussed along three major fields of inquiry: Hobbes and Liberalism, Hobbes on Politics and Religions, and Hobbes on the Passions, Politics, and Education.
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Sidqi, Ahmad. "THE PROBLEMS OF JÜRGEN HABERMAS’s DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY THEORY." RADIX: Jurnal Filsafat dan Agama 1, no. 01 (May 7, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.69957/radix.v1i01.28.
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Jürgen Habermas a German philosopher who adopts of Karl Marx’s thought in the social order. However, Habermas does not immediately accept of the raw Marx’s thought. Habermas with rationalism as the epistemology. The Critical Theory criticize the sciences positive as the science of economics, sociology, technology, psychology; and also philosophy. The sciences is not questioned the direction of the process of the community itself. In a critique of the ideology of Habermas through the role of basic ethics and adopt the Immanuel Kant’s thought. Habermas to a blurb about dialectical theory of hermeneutic action through Aufhebung (hermeneutics of philosophy and psychoanalysis). Habermas was critique to postmodernism that universal as hegemony and discriminative to getting a plural morality Habermas's critical theory is a kind of epistemology that seeks to mate between objectivity and subjectivity, between scientists and philosophers, between the ontentic and the articulate. Critical theory also tries to expose the traditional theory, because it positions the object as untouchable, as it is. So difficult to capture its meaning by humans. This makes the object seem very sacred and must be received unanimously. The democracy of Habermas is deliberative democracy. Deliberative democracy aims to find a middle ground between Western liberalism and Asian and Islamic communitism. This assumption is established in a democratic form in the form of an intensive political system and public sphere.
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ERMARTH, MICHAEL. "RECOVERING THE FULL PALETTE OF POSSIBILITIES FOR WILHELMINE GERMANY 1890–1914: A NEW GERMAN SPECIAL WAY?" Modern Intellectual History 3, no. 3 (September 22, 2006): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244306000916.
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Kevin Repp, Reformers, Critics, and the Paths of German Modernity: Anti-politics and the Search for Alternatives, 1890–1914 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000)Suzanne Marchand and David Lindenfeld, eds., Germany at the Fin de Siecle: Culture, Politics, and Ideas (Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 2004)As in the colorization of old black-and-white films, large swaths of modern German history have been undergoing a major makeover through full-spectrum, high-definition re-colorization. Stark black and white—and in between steely gray-on-gray—hardly suffice any longer for representing the full spectrum of the German past in its manifold formations and transformations. As compellingly set forth in the two works reviewed here, this changing retrospective view of change itself is revamping the history of the Wilhelmine Reich of 1890–1914. And just as in the colorization of old films, this shift has the uncanny parallax effect of making a bygone period-piece seem somehow closer to our sensibly “more modern” present-day world—even while the earlier period is also plainly lodged in a distant timeframe. The new history has some very interesting and unsettling special effects and nowhere do they come into play more palpably than in treating the special “German question” in relation to the larger question of Western mainstream modernity.
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Gajic, Aleksandar. "Тhe impact of Werner Sombart`s Merchants and Heroes on the conception of geopolitical dualism of tellurocracy and thalassocracy." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 171 (2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971423g.
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This paper examines the connection between the war pamphlet ?Merchants and Heroes? (1915) of Werner Sombart, one of the greatest European sociologists of the 20th century, and geopolitical theories about the conflict between land and sea powers. Although Sombart?s pamphlet emphasizes the spiritual-moral and cultural-sociological dualism between Germany and England in the First World War, where the first represents the characteristics of heroes and idealists and the other of merchants and opportunists, the paper shows that this conflict was primarily a war for the territories - a geopolitical conflict, and, only secondary, a cultural-normative conflict. Historical anal?ysis shows that German geostrategic actions before the Great War (in their colonial policy) and during the Great War were not in opposition, but very similar to Great Britain`s policies. Therefore, it can be assumed that the war between Germany and Great Britain 435 broke out because of the rivalries based on their similarities, both in actions and pretensions. Moreover, Wilhelmine Germany was almost copying Britain?s colonial expansion, so it became the greatest threat to Great Britain`s geostrategic interest. Further, the research established the links between the views of Sombart and Karl Schmitt and, later, with the oversized opposition between land and sea powers as ?the second law of geopolitics? in the views of some geopolitical thinkers during the 20th century. The paper shows that the sources of both views are the same and that they lie in the German romantic-idealistic youth subculture movements at the turn of the 20th century adopted in academic circles before the Great War, primarily in the philosophy of Kurt Hiller and sociology of George Simmel, from which they were accepted by Werner Sombart.
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Sterkhov, Dmitry. "Between Hegemony and Federalism. The Prussian Plans to Create the North German Imperial Confederation in the Summer of 1806." ISTORIYA 13, no. 9 (119) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019088-5.
Full textAbstract:
The article is focused on Prussian attempts to separate the North German territories from the rest of the Holy Roman Empire during the summer months of 1806 with the aim of creating a North German Imperial Confederation under the Prussian protection. The reasons behind the possible foundation of the North German Imperial Confederation as well as the journalistic activities around this Prussian project are also in the centre of attention. The structure of the supposed North German Confederation are analyzed on the basis of plans and projects elaborated by the Prussian politicians and diplomats in July and August 1806. The deliberations over the joining to the Confederation were conducted by the Prussian government with the Electors of Hesse and Saxony as well as with the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen which were supposed to become the major members of the Prussian-dominated North German state. The analysis has shown that the Prussian government considered the possible North German Imperial Confederation as thelegal successor of the Holy Roman Empire, with Habsburgs being replaced by the Hohenzollern dynasty. The Prussian claims on the inheritance of the Holy Roman Empire and on the hegemony in the Northern Germany were met with discontent on the part of Hesse and especially Saxony, which impelled the Prussian politicians to repeatedly modify their projects, adding more elements of federalism to them. Despite all the concessions, Prussia eventually failed to unite the Northern Germany under its protection. The reasons for this lie both in the separatism of the North German principalities and cities, and in inner inconsistency and crudity of the Prussian projects. France and Great Britain also impeded the Prussian plans since neither of them was interested in a separate North German state under Prussian control. Napoleon's refusal to support Prussia's attempts to unify the Northern Germany was used by the Prussian government as a pretext to declare war on France in October 1806 which ended with dramatic Prussian defeat. Despite the fact that the Prussian plans to create a North German Imperial Confederation in the summer of 1806 were never realized, this was one of the many possible ways of the evolution of the German statehood in the early 19th century. It was finally put into practice half a century later, in the form of the North German Confederation in 1866.