Dissertations / Theses: 'German language Phonology, Comparative English'

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Aloufi, Aliaa. "The phonology of English loanwords in UHA." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67766/.

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This thesis investigates the phonology of loanword adaptation focusing on English loanwords in Urban Hijazi Arabic (UHA). It investigates the segmental adaptations of English consonants that are absent in UHA as well as the various phonological adaptations of illicit syllabic structures. It is based on dataset of around 100 English loanwords that were integrated into UHA that contain several illicit consonants and syllable structures in the donor language. This dataset is compiled from different published sources along with a data collection exercise. The first significant source is Abdul-Rahim (2011) a dictionary of loanwords into Arabic, while the other one is Jarrah's (2013) study of English loanwords into Madinah Hijazi Arabic (MHA) adopting the on-line adaptation. The third source is original pronunciation data collected from current UHA speakers. Furthermore, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was consulted for the etymology and transcription of the English words. The goal is to provide a thorough analysis of these phonological patterns whether consonantal or syllabic ones found in the adaptation of English loanwords into UHA. To accomplish this, the adaptations have been analysed according to two theoretical frameworks: the Theory of Constraints and Repair Strategies Loanword Model (TCRSLM) proposed by Paradis and LaCharité (1997) and Optimality Theory (OT) introduced by Prince and Smolensky (1993). The different proposed analyses in this study facilitated an evaluation of the adequacy of each of these theories in accounting for the discussed phonological patterns found in UHA loan phonology. The thesis concludes that OT better explains the adaptations, but neither theory fully accounts for the variety of adaptations found in UHA.

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Fischer, Klaus. "Investigations into verb valency : contrasting German and English." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683145.

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Qin, Chuan. "The perception and production of English vowel contrasts by Vietnamese speakers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1207.

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Winters, Stephen James. "Empirical investigations into the perceptual and articulatory origins of cross-linguistic asymmetries in place assimilation." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054756426.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 351 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (leaves 344-351). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Ratajczak, Miriam. "Representation of English as an International Language in Swedish and German Textbooks : A Comparative Study of Textbooks in the Subject English used in Swedish and German Upper Secondary Schools." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-37121.

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This study is investigating how English as an international language is represented in textbooks of institutionalised second language learning at upper secondary high schools in Germany and Sweden, as well as if and how these representations differ. The method to be used in this essay is a textbook analysis, in which the frequency of references to Inner, Outer and Expanding Circle countries (see Kachru’s (1992) concentric model of World Englishes) is measured. It is thus a comparative study between German and Swedish textbooks, with focus on upper secondary schools and on the representation of English as an international language. The aim of this study is to investigate whether textbooks in the EFL classroom in Swedish and German upper secondary schools present English as an international language.

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Auer, Anita. "The subjunctive in the age of prescriptivism : English and German developments during the eighteenth century /." Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9780230574410.

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Hellström, Eugen. "A lack of flæ:r : A comparative study of English accent stereotypes in fantasy role-playing games." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45860.

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This study analyzes the use of linguistic stereotypes in two fantasy role-playing games, Witcher 3: The Wild Hunt and Dragon Age: Origins with a focus on phonology. It investigates how accent stereotypes are used and why they are important for characters in video games, for example regarding prestige and attractiveness. It analyzes each character from a character type perspective: hero, villain, comic-relief, mentor and lover. The results show that there are accent stereotypes in fantasy role-playing games and that they are, most likely, deliberately placed as such. It also shows that standard variations of English are mainly used for characters that serves a purpose to the story while non-standard variations are used for characters that serves no purpose to the game other than working as tools to enrich the world with a sense of life.

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Evinger, Kathryn Lynn. "Understanding the importance of phonemic awareness." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1628.

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The goal of this project will be to design a phonemic awareness handbook which will be discussed at a kindergarten staff in-service. The information in the handbook will explain the concept of phonemic awareness and its importance to successful reading acquistion. The handbook will also provide some phonemic awareness assessment inventories as well as some activities.

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Matviyenko, Olena. "The role of culture in the translation of advertisements: a comparative investigation of selected texts with German as source language and South African English as target language." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1187.

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The globalisation of economies and trade growth have made it necessary for international companies to communicate with consumers of different languages and cultures, since a major objective is to sell a standardised product to consumers with linguistic and cultural backgrounds which are different from those to which the manufacturers are accustomed. Once brought to a foreign country, the sales of a product must be promoted by way of advertising. To begin with, the method of advertising depends on the kind of product to be marketed. In addition, persuasive texts, which are characteristic of the language of advertising, not only employ particular pragmatic strategies, but are based on the values and cultural traditions of the relevant society. In different cultures different signs, symbols, names and customs will be used in different situations. In the case of the translation or localisation of advertisements, a translator must be very sensitive to the loss and gain of cultural elements. These could include objects, historical references, customs and habits that are unique to the source culture and not present in the target culture. The main focus of the research is on the culture-specific elements in advertising texts and their depiction in translation. This treatise investigates certain aspects of translation theory (such as theories of equivalence, Skopos theory and other similar theories) to form a basis for conducting this study and then adapts them to the process of translation. In addition, two main opposite techniques known as standardisation or localisation of the advertising message are discussed. The number of source texts (original) and target texts (localised) are examined closely to reveal any misrepresentations and to identify the method of translation applicable in each case.

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Green, Evelina. "Can you pronunce January? : A comparative study of Swedish students learning English in an at-home environment and a study-abroad environment." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-56593.

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The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a difference between Swedish learners of English in an at-home environment compared to Swedish learners of English who studied English abroad for a year, in their ability to distinguish between certain English phoneme. The method used to investigate was through a questionnaire where the informants had to identify words containing the sounds /z/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ and /w/. The results showed that the informants who had been abroad were more familiar with the sounds than the informants who had studied in a Swedish senior high school over the same period of time. It was found that the sound /z/ was the hardest sound to identify, followed by /ʒ/, for both groups of informants.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det är någon skillnad mellan svenska elever som lär sig engelska under ett år i klassrummet eller under ett år genom utbytesstudier, när det gäller deras förmåga att skilja mellan vissa engelska fonem. Metoden som användes var genom en enkät där informanterna fick identifiera ord som innehöll ljuden /z/, /θ/, /d/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ och /v/. Resultaten visade att informanterna som hade varit utomlands var mer bekanta med ljuden än informanterna som hade studerat vid ett svenskt gymnasium under samma tid. Det visade sig att ljudet /z/ var den svåraste ljudet att identifiera, följt av /ʒ/ för båda informantgrupperna.

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Boyle, Molly. "Bit O’ the Auld Craic: An Acoustic Analysis of the Vowel System of the Engish of South Roscommon." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1022.

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The present study aims to address the question of how vowel quality varies between rural and town-dwelling male speakers of Irish-English in South Roscommon, Ireland. Previous studies have identified four distinct varieties of Irish-English in Ireland: the Eastern, South &Western, Midland, and Northern varieties, loosely based on the political provinces of Munster, Connaught, Leinster, and Ulster. County Roscommon straddles the provinces of Connaught and Leinster, complicating the presence of phonological features associated with one of two different ‘accent regions’. The last phonological study carried out in Roscommon was by Patrick Leo Henry in 1957. While this was a promising start in assessing regional distinctions, rural ones in particular, the lack of recent studies leaves a sizeable gap that does not address modern changes in the linguistic landscape of Ireland, nor the availability of modern methods of acoustic analysis. In particular, the present study investigates the pre-nasal merging of front unrounded vowels /ɛ/ and /ɪ/, vowel centralization, and a lower /æ/, associated with the Western variety of Irish English. Factors such as supraregionalization lead to my hypothesis that rural speakers will demonstrate higher frequency of the vowel features associated with the Western variety. To assess the frequency of certain vowel sounds, twenty participants were recorded and formant data was extracted for F1 and F2 values of the tokens. It was found that the rural speakers in Roscommon demonstrated a more prominent merger between /ɛ/ and /ɪ/, a lower [æ], and the rural speakers demonstrated an overall trend toward centralization.

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勞皓珍 and Ho-chun Rebecca Lo. "The relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2682274X.

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Lodén, Anna. "To make a mountain out of a molehill : A comparative study of the metonymical and metaphorical structures of three semantically identical, but lexically different, idioms in English, Swedish and German." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136839.

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This study revolves around the different underlying metaphorical or metonymical structures of three specific idioms, one English, one Swedish and one German, but with equivalent semantics. The structure of the source and target domains was analysed, as well as the mapping from source to target. The lexical features and the cognitive concepts involved were analysed as well. The method used for this study was an analysis based on cognitive linguistics and conceptual metaphor theory. The result shows a structure of conceptual metaphor within the English and German idioms: making a small entity into a big entity is exaggeration. The Swedish idiom consists of a conceptual metaphor but with a metonymic structure: the part for the whole is exaggeration. The result also suggests a difference in meaning of the definitions of the idioms, indicating that the form of exaggeration varies depending on which idiom is used.

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Rutgers, Dieuwerke Inne. "Multilingualism and metalinguistic development in context : a comparative analysis of metalinguistic mediation in the learning of German as a foreign language by pupils following a Dutch-English bilingual education programme and pupils following a regular programme in the Netherlands." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648629.

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Schluter, Anne Ambler 1976. "Brazilian Portuguese speakers' perception of selected vowel contrasts of American English: effects of incidental contact." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3778.

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The purpose of this study was to examine non-English-speaking Brazilian adults' perception of American English vowels at various levels of English contact. Specifically, it addressed two two-vowel American English contrasts, /i/-/I/ and /u/-/[upsilon]/, that both occupy the vowel space of one Brazilian Portuguese category, /i/ and /u/, and one twovowel contrast, /e/-/[epsilon]/, that exists in both languages. For reliability purposes, the three contrasts were presented in two different orders to total six contrasts in all. Predictions, based on Flege, (1995) associated discrimination difficulties with this L1-L2 contrast pairing. However, previous discoveries of non-native speakers' sensitivity to subphonemic differences suggested the potential to overcome L1-related perceptual constraints (Wode, 1994). Five groups of ten participants each [aged 20-40] contributed data [N=50]. Three Austin, Texas-resident groups participated: (group A) native American English speakers, (group B) native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with high English contact, and (group C) native Brazilian Portuguese-speakers with medium English contact. Belo Horizonte, Brazil-resident groups numbered two, including native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with medium English contact (group D) and low English contact (group E.) Each participant took a same-different identification test in which the target vowels appeared within minimal and identical pairs. Within-group results for medium and low contact groups associated significantly greater difficulty with the /u/-/[upsilon]/ contrast. Between-group results found significant differences between high and low contact groups for /u/-/[upsilon]/, /[upsilon]/-/u/, and /I/-/i/; insignificant differences between high contact and native English groups appeared for the same contrasts. These overall trends suggested a degree of flexibility for non-native perception in three of four instances as well as a significant pair-wise order effect. These overall findings should not minimize the importance of individual differences. Discussion concluded with calls for greater focus on individual differences (also reflected in Bradlow et al., 1997) and greater awareness of individuals' potentials within language learning contexts.

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Yasuta, Takako. "Stop perception in second language phonology perception of English and Korean stops by Japanese speakers /." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=775166751&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1235084296&clientId=23440.

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"Awareness of phonemic segmentation of Chinese and English words and its transfer across two languages." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886621.

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by Pun Shiu Kau.
Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 92-98.
LIST OF TABLES --- p.i
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.iii
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- THE PROBLEM --- p.1
Background --- p.1
Purpose of the Study --- p.3
Significance of the Study --- p.3
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.4
Cognition and Metacognition --- p.4
Metalinguistic Awareness --- p.5
Linguistic and metalinguistic awareness --- p.5
Types of metalinguistic awareness --- p.6
Metalinguistic awareness of cognitive development --- p.7
Awareness in Speech Segmentation --- p.10
Segmentation of speech sound --- p.10
Development of segmental abilities --- p.11
Perception of Speech Sounds --- p.14
Acoustic-phonetic relationship --- p.14
Perception of vowels --- p.15
Perception of consonants --- p.15
Categorical perception --- p.19
Perceptual unit in speech perception --- p.20
Perception of Written Language --- p.23
Comparison between listening and speaking --- p.23
Perceptual unit in reading --- p.24
Writing Systems --- p.28
Variety and universality of writing systems --- p.28
Psychological characterization of orthographies --- p.30
The psychology of reading Chinese --- p.35
Phonemic Segmental Awareness and Reading Acquisition --- p.39
Phenemic segmental awareness in relation to reading acquisition --- p.39
Effect of phonemic segmental awareness on reading acquisition --- p.43
Effect of literacy on phonemic segmental awareness --- p.45
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHOD --- p.47
Hypothesis --- p.47
Subjects --- p.48
Instruments --- p.49
Research Design --- p.54
Procedure --- p.59
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.62
Academic Results --- p.62
Intelligence --- p.64
English Spelling-sound Proficiency --- p.64
Chinese Task 1 ： Classifying Character Sounds --- p.65
Chinese Task 2 ： Fanqie - Manipulation of Chinese Phonemes --- p.67
Relations between Intelligence and Phonemic Segmental Awareness --- p.70
Relations between English Spelling-sound Proficiency and Academic Results --- p.71
Relations between Chinese Phonemic Awareness and Academic Results --- p.73
Relations between English Spelling-sound Proficiency and Chinese Phonemic Awareness --- p.74
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- "DISCUSSION, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION" --- p.79
Discussion --- p.79
"Academic results, sex, intelligence and phonemic awareness" --- p.79
Proficiency in English spelling-sound rules --- p.80
Chinese phonemic segmental awareness --- p.81
Relations between proficiency in English spelling-sound rules and academic results --- p.83
Relations between Chinese phonemic segmental awareness and proficiency in English spelling-sound rules --- p.84
Summary --- p.88
Conclusion --- p.90
REFERENCES --- p.92
APPENDICES --- p.99

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Sacia, Laura Ellen. "The translation of 'you' an examination of German, Portuguese, and Vietnamese address terms and their treatment in dictionaries and L2 learning materials /." 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1158513971&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1264797670&clientId=23440.

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Damun, Dakom Alfred. "The rephonologization of Hausa loanwords from English: an optimality theory analysis." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20802.

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Faculty of Humanities School of Literature, Language and Media University of the Witwatersrand A Master’s Dissertation
This study investigates how Hausa, a West Chadic language (Afro Asiatic phyla) remodells loanwords from English (Indo – European) to suit its pre-existing phonology. Loanword adaptation is quite inevitable due to the fact that languages of the world differ, one from another in many ways: phonological, syntactical, morphological and so on (Inkelas & Zoll, 2003, p. 1). Based on this claim, receptor languages therefore employ ways to rephonologize new words borrowed into their vocabularies to fit, and to conform to native structure demands. Hausa disallows complex onsets, preferably operates open syllables and avoids consonant clustering in word-medial positions as at its best can tolerate no more than a single consonant at a syllable edge (Clements, 2000; Han, 2009). On the contrary, English permits complex onsets as well as closed syllables (Skandera & Burleigh, 2005). Such distinctions in both phonologies motivate for loanword adaptation. Hausa therefore employs repair strategies such as vowel epenthesis, consonant deletions and segmental substitutions and/or replacements (Newman, 2000; Abubakre, 2008; Alqhatani & Musa, 2014) to remodell loanwords. For analytical purposes, this research adopts theoretical tools of Feature Geometry (FG) (Clements & Hume, 1995) and Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 2004) to clearly illustrate how loanwords are modified to satisfy Hausa native demands (Kadenge, 2012). Vowel epenthesis in Hausa involves two main strategies: consonantal assimilation and default insertions. During consonantal assimilation, coronal and labial segments spread place features unto the epenthetic segment in the process determining the vowel type and/or quality, while in the case of default insertions, fresh segments are introduced context independently. Concerning segmental substitutions, most notably are English consonants /p/ and /v/ maximally replaced with similar ones, [f] and [b] that exist in Hausa on the basis that former and latter segments share same phonation features

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Zivenge, William. "Phonological and morphological nativisation of english loans in Tonga." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2998.

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This thesis analyzes the phonological and morphological nativisation of English loans in the Tonga language. The contact situation between English and Tonga, in Zimbabwe, facilitates transference of lexical items between the two languages. From having been one of the most widely used languages of the world, English has developed into the most influential donor of words to other languages such as Tonga. The infiltration of English words into the Tonga lexical inventory led to the adoption and subsequent nativisation of English words by the native Tonga speakers. The main deposit of English words into Tonga is the direct interaction between English and Tonga speakers. However, it is sometimes via other languages like Shona, Ndebele, Venda and Shangani. In the 21st century, English’s contribution to the vocabulary of Tonga became more widely spread, now covering a large proportion of the Tonga language’s lexical inventory. The fact that English is the medium of instruction, in Zimbabwe, language of technology, education, media, new administration, health, music, new religion and economic transactions means that it is regarded as the high variety language with coercive loaning powers. Words from English are then adopted and nativised in the Tonga language, since Tonga asserts itself an independent language that can handle loans on its own. The main focus of this study therefore, is to try and account for the phonological and morphological behavior and changes that take place in English words that enter into Tonga. Analyzing phonological processes that are employed during nativisation of loan words entails analyzing how Tonga speakers handle aspects of English language such as diphthongs, triphthongs, cluster consonants, CVC syllable structure and sounds in repairing unacceptable sequences in Tonga. The research also accounts for the handling of morphological differences between the two languages. This entails looking at how competence and ordered-rule framework are harmonized by Tonga speakers in repairing conflicting features at morphological level. Since the two languages have different morphological patterns, the research analyzes the repairing strategies to handle singular and plural noun prefixes, tenses and particles, which are morphological components of words. The researcher appreciates that the native Tonga speakers have robust intuitions on the proper way to nativise words.
African Languages
D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

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Makaure, Zvinaiye Patricia. "Phonological processing and reading development in Northern Sotho-English bilingual children." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22246.

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South Africa is a multilingual country and this has certain implications on the development of cognitive-linguistic skills such as phonological processing (amongst others), which are essential for reading development. Research has, in the past, not adequately addressed the development of, and relationship between, a broad range of phonological processing and reading skills in South Africa. The study investigates the relationship between phonological processing skills and reading development in Northern Sotho-English bilingual children. Ninety-eight participants, divided into group 1 (n=48) and group 2 (n=50) based on their Language of Learning Language of Teaching were sampled. Group 1 received literacy instruction in Northern Sotho, whilst group 2 in English. Participants were assessed using a battery of phonological processing tests and on reading abilities in English and Northern Sotho. Correlations, multiple regressions and multivariate analyses of variance were conducted. Findings revealed that phonological processing skills are essential in reading development in both the first and second language of the participants.
African Languages
M.A. (Linguistics)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'German language Phonology, Comparative English'

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