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Relevant bibliographies by topics / German history - 1933 - 1945

Academic literature on the topic 'German history - 1933 - 1945'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "German history - 1933 - 1945"

1

Muller, Richard R., and Matthew Cooper. "The German Army, 1933-1945." Journal of Military History 56, no. 1 (January 1992): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985726.

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Wegner, S. "German-speaking Emigrants in Uruguay 1933-1945." Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/leobaeck/42.1.239.

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Dostal, Caroline, Anke Strauss, and Leopold von Carlowitz. "Between Individual Justice and Mass Claims Proceedings: Property Restitution for Victims of Nazi Persecution in Post-Reunification Germany." German Law Journal 15, no. 6 (October 1, 2014): 1035–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001926x.

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German history of the twentieth century offers a rich resource of precedent for property restitution and compensation programs. The Federal Republic of Germany instituted different mass claims proceedings shaped to “reverse” or mitigate violations of property rights that took place as part of (a) the persecutions by the Nazi regime from 1933 to 1945, (b) the Land Reform (Bodenreform) during the Soviet occupation of East German territories from 1945 to 1949, and (c) the nationalization activities of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1949 to 1990. Except for cases under the Land Reform in the Soviet zone, restitution preceded compensation as the main means of redress. All reparation schemes involved specific compensation arrangements including elaborate property evaluation systems.

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DENTON, CHAD. "‘Récupérez!’ The German Origins of French Wartime Salvage Drives, 1939–1945." Contemporary European History 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 399–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000210.

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AbstractThis article examines the origins, implementation and results of salvage drives carried out in wartime France from 1939 to 1945. In post-war accounts – including memoirs and local histories of the occupation – these salvage drives were understood simply as wartime frugality, a logical response to wide-spread shortages. Yet a careful study of the records of both the French Ministry of Armaments and Vichy's Service de la Récupération et de l'Utilisation des Déchets et Vieilles Matières combined with municipal and departmental sources reveals that these salvage drives were heavily influenced by Nazi German practices. From 1939 to 1940, even though French propaganda had previously ridiculed Nazi German salvage drives as proof of economic weakness, officials at the Ministry of Armaments emulated Nazi Germany by carrying out salvage drives of scrap iron and paper. After the fall of France, this emulation became collaboration. Vichy's salvage efforts were a conjoint Franco-German initiative, organised at the very highest levels of the occupation administration. Drawing on the experience of Nazi German salvage experts, Vichy officials carried out the salvage drives according to German models. Nevertheless, they carefully hid the German origins of the campaign from the chain of departmental prefects, mayors, Chambers of Commerce and youth leaders who organised the local drives and solicited participation by evoking French patriotic sentiment. After the liberation of France in 1944, the French Provisional Government renamed but otherwise maintained the Vichy-created salvage organisations and continued to oversee the collection of scrap iron, paper, rags, glass and bones until 1946. At that point, the government largely relinquished control of the salvage industry.

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Hobozashvili, A. "CREATION AND ACTIVITY OF «ELITE» SCHOOLS IN GERMANY (1933–1945)." Ukrainian professional education, no. 14 (December 29, 2023): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2519-8254.2023.14.300232.

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The article highlights the activities of elite schools and their creation. It has been revealed that from the very beginning of its existence, the Nazi regime in Germany sought absolute power over all spheres of German life. The field of education and upbringing had a specific importance in the ideology of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (hereinafter NSDAP). Significantly, the ideologues of the Third Reich emphasized the non-class nature of their movement, and the main criterion for achieving personal growth of social peaks was not belonging to a particular class, not property qualifications, but a person’s own abilities and personal qualities. However, the main qualities were blind faith in the Führer, ruthlessness towards enemies, and cooperative personality. For the first time in the entire existence of Germany, young people had a sense of their importance. Never before in German history have youth been so needed, and, at the same time, so criminally used. Social selection began to play a fundamental role in society, so it is not surprising that it also affected the sphere of school and youth education. The emergence of elite schools that educated future generals, Gauleiters, and party officials was a logical reaction to the current regime in Germany. In Hitler’s elite schools, the dream of educating new German people-lords was to become a reality. In schools named after Adolf Hitler, national-political educational institutions, and Reich schools of the NSDAP, the regime wanted to raise capable performers who, as Hitler’s heirs, should have the future. Children were drilled, taught military affairs, and formed their worldviews. They were obliged to “believe, obey and fight”, to fulfill the role of political fighters. Young people, attracted by the opportunity to engage in various sports, to have rich leisure time, and to have a promising future career, entered elite boarding schools. There, they were brought up with unconditional loyalty to the regime. During the war, graduates of Hitler’s schools were often fanatics. Only one in two survived.

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Wisely, Andrew. "War against “Internal Enemies”: Dr. Franz Lucas's Sterilization of Sinti and Roma in Ravensbrück Men's Camp in January 1945." Central European History 52, no. 4 (December 2019): 650–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000852.

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AbstractFollowing the passing of the “Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Genetic Diseases” in July 1933, sterilization became a means to tighten the borders of the German ethnic community against outsiders, including Sinti and Roma. For a while, Sinti soldiers were spared sterilization. After Himmler's Auschwitz decree of December 1942, they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. They escaped the extermination of other Sinti and Roma in the Zigeunerlager on the night of August 2, 1944, only because they represented a human shield deployable against advancing Russian troops. Still, the Reich insisted on sterilizing them and their families before placing them in front of enemy guns because they were still considered “internal enemies.” As a result, some forty Sinti men and boys were sterilized by Dr. Franz Lucas in the men's camp in Ravensbrück in January 1945. Focusing on their story challenges Lucas's portrayal as the victim of SS practices, a narrative that long benefitted from the testimony of non-Sinti prisoners. In addition, compensation agencies in Germany underestimated the ongoing effects of psychological trauma resulting from sterilization. Sinti victims who were subjected to an “expert assessment” of their blood purity before war's end underwent a renewed assessment of their productivity for German society after the war.

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Liulevicius, Vejas Gabriel. "War in the Wild East: The German Army and Soviet Partisans. By Ben Shepherd. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2004. Pp. 300. $29.95. ISBN 0-674-01296-8." Central European History 39, no. 2 (May 19, 2006): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906340125.

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This concise study of the German army's anti-partisan campaigns on the Eastern Front in World War II provides added detail and nuance to historical understanding of the “war of devastation” launched by the Nazi leadership. While titanic armies clashed on the battlefields, German campaigns in the occupied territories behind the front also took a devastating toll, with “the destruction of more than 5,000 villages and the killing of up to 300,000 mainly civilian Soviet citizens” (p. 27). This brutal treatment was meted out not only by the indoctrinated killers of the SS units, but also by units of the German army (contrary to the idealized depictions of a “fundamentally decent” regular army circulated after 1945). Shepherd aims to reveal the mix of “personal influences and particular conditions” (p. 33) and their interplay in causing the brutalization of the German army, the Wehrmacht. Shepherd states, “the Wehrmacht was the single institution that, more than any other, shaped the lives and actions of ordinary Germans between 1933 and 1945” (p. 28), with eleven million men serving in its ranks in this period.

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Szejnmann, C. C. "Nazism And German Society 1933-1945; Katholisches Milieu und Kleinstadtgesellschaft. Ettlingen 1918-1939." German History 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/14.2.269.

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Kölbl-Ebert, Martina. "Geology in Germany 1933–1945: People, politics and organization." Earth Sciences History 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 63–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-36.1.63.

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This paper explores geology in Germany during the Third Reich, 1933–1945. It deals with the effect of the political regime on the daily life in institutes and universities, with victims, perpetrators and bystanders, with geologists supporting the regime with their expertise in administration, economy and military, with ideological influences on geology as such and most of all with German geologists of that time and the broad spectrum of attitudes they cultivated.

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Szudarek, Krystian Maciej. "Od Hermanna Hoogewega do Hermanna Golluba: z dziejów Archiwum Państwowego w Szczecinie (Staatsarchiv Stettin). Recenzja monografii Macieja Szukały, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie w latach 1914–1945. Ludzie i działalność, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych w Warszawie, Szczecin–Warszawa 2019, ss. 269." Archeion 122 (2021): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/26581264arc.21.004.14484.

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Recenzowana monografia omawia dzieje Archiwum Państwowego w Szczecinie (Staatsarchiv Stettin) w okresie od wybuchu pierwszej wojny światowej do zakończenia drugiej wojny światowej. W tych latach dyrektorami archiwum byli kolejno: Hermann Hoogeweg (1913–1923), Otto Grotefend (1923–1930), Erich Randt (1930–1935) i Adolf Diestelkamp (1935–1945). W okresie II wojny światowej, w związku ze służbą wojskową Adolfa Diestelkampa, funkcje kierownika archiwum pełnili Fritz Morré (1939–1941) i Hermann Gollub (1941–1945). Działalność archiwum została ukazana w monografii przez pryzmat funkcji, jakie pełnią instytucje tego typu (gromadzenie, przechowywanie, opracowywanie i udostępnianie zasobu), na tle przemian politycznych i społecznych zachodzących w Niemczech. Dużo miejsca autor poświęcił pracownikom merytorycznym archiwum i prowadzonym przez nich badaniom naukowym. W tym kontekście ukazał kształtowanie się nowego typu archiwisty zaangażowanego politycznie, włączającego się w niemieckie badania wschodnie (deutsche Ostforschung). From Hermann Hoogeweg to Hermann Gollub: history of the State Archives in Szczecin (Staatsarchiv Stettin). Review of the monograph by Maciej Szukła, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie w latach 1919–1945. Ludzie i działalność, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych w Warszawie , Szczecin–Warsaw 2019, pp. 269 The reviewed monograph gives a description of the history of the State Archives in Szczecin (Staatsarchiv Stettin) from the beginning of the First World War to the end of the Second Word War. Within that period the Archives had following directors: Hermann Hoogeweg (1913–1923), Otto Grotefend (1923–1930), Erich Randt (1930–1935) and Adolf Diestelkamp (1935–1945). During the Second World War Fritz Morré (1939–1941) and then Hermann Gollub (1941–1945) deputized for Adolf Diestelkamp when he did military service. The monograph take a look at how the Archives performed its typical functions (collecting, preserving, processing and providing access to archival materials) in the context of the political and social transformation in Germany. The author puts a lot of emphasis on professional working in the Archives and their academic research to show the emergence of a new type of politically engaged archivist who joined the studies on Eastern Europe (deutsche Ostforschung).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "German history - 1933 - 1945"

1

Dorondo, D. R. "A comparative study of Bavarian federalism 1918-1933, 1945-1949." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384066.

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Sycher, Alexander. "The Nazi Soldier in German Cinema, 1933-1945." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1428959799.

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Osborne, Thomas W. (Thomas William). "The Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations : 1933-1939." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23731.

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This thesis examines and assesses the Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations from 1933 to 1939. The first chapter outlines the Peace Treaties of Versailles, Trianon and St. Germain and their effect upon the increased German minority in Europe. This body of Germans in countries outside Germany, Austria and Switzerland are referred to as the Volksdeutsche. The policies of the Weimar Government towards the German minorities in Europe are then examined. The second chapter outlines the minority policy of the National Socialist Party and various prominent National Socialist leaders. Chapter three outlines the major non-National Socialist and National Socialist Germandom organizations. Particular emphasis is given to the Verein fur Deutschtum im Ausland or the VDA, the Volksdeutscher Rat or the VR, Auslandsorganisation der NSDAP or AO, the Buro Kursell and the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle or VoMi. Chapters four through six deal with the events that lead to the Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations. Although the non-National Socialist Germandom organizations maintained a degree of independence from Nazi influence from 1933 until 2 July 1938, there was never any doubt that eventually the National Socialist Germandom organizations would gain ascendancy over them. In late 1936, the National Socialist Germandom organizations began to achieve lasting power and influence. By 1938, the non-National Socialist Germandom organizations were virtually impotent. The Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations, therefore, mirrors the Gleichschaltung that occurred on all levels of society in Germany following Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933.

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Megargee, Geoffrey P. "Triumph of the null : the war within the German high command 1933-1945 /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148795356776923.

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Calvert, Hildegund M. "Germany's Nazi past : a critical analysis of the period in West German high school history textbooks." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/517188.

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The question of how to deal with the legacy of the National Socialist dictatorship and how to teach the period in West German schools has been and continues to be a controversial issue in the Federal Republic of Germany. During the 1950s and early 1960s history textbooks were severely criticized for their inadequate coverage of National Socialism, particularly regarding the persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust. Such criticism combined with a number of anti-Semitic incidents in 1959 led authorities to initiate major reforms on how schools should teach the Nazi period and consequently brought about major textbook revisions.The objective of this study was to determine how adequately textbooks used in the 1980s cover this period and whether what they are teaching is accurate and sufficient to deal with the enormity of the events and policies of that time. The study in four chapters analyzes textbooks regarding their coverage of such topics: I, Hitler's early life, his beginnings in politics to his nomination as chancellor; II, the consolidation of power and of social and political control; III, the treatment of the Jews; and IV, National Socialist foreign policy before and during World War II. Each chapter was divided into two parts, with the first part recommending material textbooks should include, and the second part analyzing this coverage based on criteria established in the first part.Findings showed that textbooks satisfactorily covered the majority of the topics examined and found them to be much improved, especially concerning the treatment of the Jews and the Holocaust.Despite marked improvements, areas of concern nevertheless remain, and coverage of some topics needs to be corrected and/or expanded in future textbook editions. Most topics on which coverage was weak or nonexistent concerned issues which are painful and embarrassing for German people to deal with. Among these issues were the German treatment of prisoners of war, German occupation policies in western Europe, forced relocations from areas such as Alsace and Lorraine, Nazi reprisal actions and the killing of hostages, activities of the SS Einsatz units, documentation concerning deportations and ghettos, medical experiments, and the role German industry played in the mass murder of innocent people.One of the more disturbing findings was that no changes had been made between the 1966 and 1978 (1983 printing) editions of one text and between the 1968 and later undated [1983?] editions of another text. It is strongly recommended that those responsible for the publication of German history textbooks take the necessary steps to correct these still existing errors and omissions before a new wave of criticism at home or from abroad forces them once again to do so.

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Magas, Gregory. "Nazi crimes and German reactions : an analysis of reactions and attitudes within the German resistance to the persecution of Jews in German-controlled lands, 1933-1944, with a focus on the writings of Carl Goerdeler, Ulrich von Hassell and Helmuth von Moltke." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30187.

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This thesis is broadly concerned with how individuals within German society, the German Resistance to Hitler and the German military reacted to persecution of Jews in Germany before the start of the Second World War and also to reports of German atrocities within German-controlled areas of Europe during the conflict.
The specific focus of this study is an examination of the personal sentiments contained in the writings of Carl Goerdeler, Ulrich von Hassell and Helmuth von Moltke and the recorded reactions to the various and intensifying stages of Nazi persecution of Jews within German-controlled territory. These particular individuals were chosen, as a significant portion of their writings, in the form of diary entries, letters and memoranda have been published and offer a glimpse of personal sentiments and thoughts unaltered by the censors of the Nazi regime. In addition, this study examines the reactions of two German officers, Johannes Blaskowitz and Rudolf-Christoph von Gersdorff, to German atrocities committed in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Their reactions to and courageous protests against Nazi crimes are also a significant part of the overall context of German reactions to Nazi crimes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Reynolds, Kenneth W. ""Der Richter ist konservativ.": the German Reichsgericht and the Reichstag Fire Trial of 1933." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61064.

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For almost sixty years the Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933 and the events that followed have been the subjects of historical inquiry. The criminal trial against those accused of starting the fire was held before the German Supreme Court, the Reichsgericht.
This thesis examines the conduct of the Reichsgericht during the Reichstagsbrandprozess of September to December 1933. It shows that the trial was conducted by an independent but conservative Supreme Court which managed the proceedings according to its own historical antecedents and precedents. The evidence is based on published government documents and other primary and secondary sources.

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Ihrig, Stefan. "Nazi perceptions of the new Turkey, 1919-1945." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610471.

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McWhorter-Schade, R. W. "The leading edge : Women in the German youth movement, 1905-1933." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353585.

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Morris, Judith J. White. "Albert Speer, the Hitler years : views of a reich minister." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/497010.

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The rationale for this study is Albert Speer's unique value as a source of information concerning the Third Reich and Adolf Hitler. Although there is a wealth of information available on Nazi Germany and Hitler, the observations of this intelligent man who was an important official of the regime and a close associate of Hitler himself carry weight that no other report can match. He was a well-educated, intellectual, and articulate man who left behind three comprehensive books and many articles and interviews. In addition to such publications, there are, in the National Archives in Washington, D.C., many records of interviews with Speer conducted by Allied personnel immediately following the war. Those documents have been used extensively in this study.There is no attempt either to indict or to vindicate Speer, as many authors have done, but rather the purpose is to present in narrative form an analytical study of the relationship between the two men. The central focus throughout examines Speer and Hitler in juxtaposition and forms conclusions on the nature of their complex and compelling attachment. In the process, historical events form the backdrop as Speer describes them for us. It is always Speer, not Hitler, with whom the primary interest lies.The question of how anyone of Speer's background and intelligence could have given his life to a regime devoted to gutter politics, conquest of a continent, and genocide always arises in any study of Speer. The strange hold the Nazis exert on the world's imagination seems to ebb and flow, but does not die out, nor does the awful suspicion that something similar could happen again. Speer used his writings to describe the process and warn against its resurrection, especially in light of the tremendous leap in technology we have seen. Do not look for monsters, he counseled, for monsters are easily identified and avoided. Beware the manipulators who orchestrate on a national scale those policies which bring harm to whole populations, men who loudly proclaim their humanness and ordinariness.This inquiry is not an attempt to prove a predetermined hypothesis, since it embodies a historical approach rather than an experimental one. Information is drawn from the books and papers of Speer, as well as official documents, but secondary works to corroborate the basic sources are cited at times. There is still no definitive biography of Speer, although he appears as a central figure in many works. Perhaps one of the reasons for this is that the Speer family has put his personal papers in Heidelberg beyond the reach of anyone until 1999, probably as a result of his negative treatment in various publications.The technical papers from the Ministry of Armaments and War Production are housed in the Bundesarchiv at Koblenz, but were not pertinent to this study. The Institut fur Zeitgeschichte in Munich houses official papers, as does the Berlin Document Center, while the Washington has the transcripts of Library of Congress in Hitler's Table Talks, some parts of which are used in this study. Speer's books and published material give an extensive look at his part in the Third Reich, his relationship with Hitler, and his own feelings and observations concerning both. The International Military Tribunal records from Nuremberg are both extensive and enlightening. One may also view the collection of Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler's personal photographer, in the Special Collections section at Bracken Library.Chapter I deals with Speer in the pre-war years as he rose to fame and became part of Hitler's inner circle, while Chapter II views the war years through Speer's experiences. In Chapter III the early relationship between Speer and Hitler is developed, and in Chapter IV the war, the collapse of the Third Reich, and the attendant disasters are covered.

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Books on the topic "German history - 1933 - 1945"

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1928-, Köpke Wulf, and Winkler Michael 1937-, eds. Exilliteratur, 1933-1945. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1989.

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Peter, Hoffmann. The history of the German resistance, 1933-1945. 3rd ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996.

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Hoffmann, Peter. The history of the German resistance, 1933-1945. 3rd ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996.

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Wiemann, Dirk. Exilliteratur in Grossbritannien, 1933-1945. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1998.

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1946-, Crew David F., ed. Nazism and German society, 1933-1945. London: Routledge, 1994.

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B, Holfter Gisela M., ed. German-speaking exiles in Ireland 1933-1945. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.

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Peter, Dancey, ed. German aircraft industry and production 1933-1945. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 1998.

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Peter, Dancey, ed. German aircraft industry and production, 1933-1945. Warrendale, Pa: SAE International, 1998.

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Limerick Conference in Irish-German Studies (7th 2004). German-speaking exiles in Ireland 1933-1945. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.

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Welch, David. Propaganda and the German cinema, 1933-1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "German history - 1933 - 1945"

1

Franz, Margit. "German-speaking medical exile to British India 1933–1945." In Mapping Contemporary History II, 61–86. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205790921.61.

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Neuhaus, Tom. "Cosmopolitan Highlanders: Region and Nation in Anglo-German Encounters in the Himalayas, 1903–1945." In Rewriting German History, 68–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137347794_4.

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Spang, Christian W. "The German East Asiatic Society (OAG) in Shanghai, 1931–1945." In The History of the Shanghai Jews, 43–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13761-7_3.

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"Trott 1943–1944." In History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945, 228–34. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566408-026.

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"Hassell 1941–1942." In History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945, 211–13. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566408-022.

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"Lochner 1941–1942." In History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945, 214–15. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566408-023.

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"Albrecht Haushofer 1940–1941." In History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945, 205–10. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566408-021.

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"The Year 1933." In History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945, 3–17. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566408-003.

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"Moltke 1943." In History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945, 225–27. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566408-025.

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Mahon, Patrick. "History of Hut 8 to December 1941 (1945)." In The Essential Turing. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0010.

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Patrick Mahon (A. P. Mahon) was born on 18 April 1921, the son of C. P. Mahon, Chief Cashier of the Bank of England from 1925 to 1930 and Comptroller from 1929 to 1932. From 1934 to 1939 he attended Marlborough College before going up to Clare College, Cambridge, in October 1939 to read Modern Languages. In July 1941, having achieved a First in both German and French in the Modern Languages Part II, he joined the Army, serving as a private (acting lancecorporal) in the Essex Regiment for several months before being sent to Bletchley. He joined Hut 8 in October 1941, and was its head from the autumn of 1944 until the end of the war. On his release from Bletchley in early 1946 he decided not to return to Cambridge to obtain his degree but instead joined the John Lewis Partnership group of department stores. John Spedan Lewis, founder of the company, was a friend of Hut 8 veteran Hugh Alexander, who effected the introduction. At John Lewis, where he spent his entire subsequent career, Mahon rapidly achieved promotion to director level, but his health deteriorated over a long period. He died on 13 April 1972. This chapter consists of approximately the first half of Mahon’s ‘The History of Hut Eight, 1939–1945’. Mahon’s typescript is dated June 1945 and was written at Hut 8. It remained secret until 1996, when a copy was released by the US government into the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Washington, DC. Subsequently another copy was released by the British government into the Public Record Office at Kew. Mahon’s ‘History’ is published here for the first time. Mahon’s account is first-hand from October 1941. Mahon says, ‘for the early history I am indebted primarily to Turing, the first Head of Hut 8, and most of the early information is based on conversations I have had with him’.

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Conference papers on the topic "German history - 1933 - 1945"

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Iden, Michael E. "2019 Nominations for ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark Status: Rail Transportation Category." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8056.

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Abstract The ASME Rail Transportation Division submitted five nominations in 2019 for ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark status. The nominations are for examples of significant railway technologies involving mechanical engineering and built between 1920 and 1964: 1. SBB 14253 “Crocodile” locomotive (1920): pioneering electric heavy-duty Swiss mountain locomotive, with pioneering features found in many subsequent electric locomotives. 2. Winton 8-201 prototype diesel engine (1933): only surviving of two experimental engines which preceded all GM-Electro-Motive 2-stroke cycle diesel engines for locomotives and other applications; first locomotive diesel engine with lightweight welded steel crankcase and unitized fuel injectors. 3. B&O 50 locomotive (1935): sole surviving example of the first (5) standalone, modular, non-articulated high-speed diesel locomotives from Electro-Motive, functional prototypes for the later “E” passenger and “FT” freight locomotives. 4. Cooper-Bessemer prototype diesel engine (1953): sole surviving example of (4) predecessor 4-stroke cycle diesel engines built for GE Transportation for field test locomotives prior to GE becoming a domestic locomotive manufacturer. 5. SP 9010 locomotive (1964): sole surviving example of (21) experimental German-built diesel locomotives for heavy-duty US mountain railroad operation using a hydromechanical torque converter transmission instead of electric traction motors; proved concept of higher-power and improved wheel-to-rail adhesion. All five nominations were submitted to the ASME national History & Heritage Committee for review. This paper provides a description of each nomination and the status of each proposed railroad Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.

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Miller, Wallis. "Renovation and Representation : Schinkel's Neue Wache and the Politics of German Memory." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.31.

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Since the beginning of the 18th century, the instability of the PrussianIGerman state has affected the shape of Berlin. Constant shifts in the boundaries of the empire as well as in its ideology have forced countless architectural redefinitions of the center of its capital. The decisions to preserve, renovate, or replace Berlin’s monuments have thus always been caught between considerations of their ideological impact and their effect on the body of historic docurnentation. Schinkel’s Neue Wache grew out of this tension. It was originally designed and subsequently renovated at significant points of change in German history: it was designed after the defeat of Napoleon and renovated after WWI, modified during the Nazi period, and substantially changed at three points after WWII: in the early years of the German Democratic Republic, at the height of the Cold War, and after reunification in 1993. Consequently, its architecture has always borne traces of history consciously transformed by the ideologies of the present.

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Neimane, Lelde. "The Course of Life of Those Deported on 14 June 1941 Until Their Release from Forced Settlement. Examples of Disinformation, Misleading Information." In International scientific conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/ms22.10.

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Totalitarian state regimes use disinformation and misleading information in the form of propaganda to influence, control and reduce the possibility of critical thinking in their citizens. It still continues in several countries around the world. In order to facilitate recognising disinformation, to understand its manipulation methods, to promote critical thinking in a democratic environment, it has been valuable to analyse the country’s own lived experience through the prism of its inhabitants. The article reflects examples of the experience of the population displaced from Latvia during the mass deportation carried out by the Soviet totalitarian regime on 14 June 1941, from the moment when the echelons full of deported people crossed the border of Latvia and arrived at the deportation camps, until liberation, the opportunities for return and life in Latvia after the experience of deportation. Oral history, represented by interviews in video format from the video testimony collection of the Museum of the Occupation of Latvia are the basic historical sources of the current study, predominantly focusing on the memories of people who were adults at the time of deportation. Several accounts of the memories are compared with the documents in the criminal case files of the deportees stored in the State Archives of Latvia. In the article, the insights into the main findings are grouped into eight key points of the historical context: 1) the beginning of the German-USSR war; 2) information obtained at the site of displacement (deportee status, information about the men); 3) the end of the German-USSR war; 4) communication with relatives, friends in Latvia; 5) efforts to return to Latvia in 1946–1948 (illegally/legally); 6) deportation of 25 March 1949 (informed/uninformed); 7) Stalin’s death on 5 March 1953; 8) discharge in 1956–1957 and return to Latvia. Through examples, the article, reveals the disinformation of the Soviet regime in the form of silence, not responding to people’s questions, absence of any explanation either regarding the status of the displaced person, or any aspects of rights. Replies to written submissions to the state authorities of the USSR were rejected without explanation. At times, the repressive regime also used partial disclosure of information, for instance, regarding relatives who were shot and killed in imprisonment. Not only the very harsh physical conditions in the detention made the deportation inhumane, but the victims were also morally destroyed by this reigning ignorance, fear about their status, loved ones and fate.

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Guido, Luca. "Bruno Zevi on Le Corbusier: another way to an “organic architecture”." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.760.

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Abstract: Bruno Zevi was an enthusiastic promoter of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture and theories. However, the critical enquiry and propaganda of the Italian architect and historian about so-called “organic architecture” reveals a major cultural debt to Le Corbusier. In 1945, Zevi published “Verso un’architettura organica” [Towards an organic architecture], the first version of his history of architecture. The title is clearly a polemical reference to Le Corbusier’s book “Vers une architecture” (1923). In 1977, together with other architects, Zevi promoted the Machu Picchu Charter, a document to “update” the Athens Charter (1933). The places held significance: Athens was the birthplace of western civilization and architectural rationalism. Machu Picchu symbolised the contribution of an alternative way of viewing the world. Are those merely examples of Zevi’s provocations? The relationship between Zevi and Le Corbusier is problematic and ambivalent. Zevi adopts the educational and communicative methods of Le Corbusier and his critical writing style, but his interpretation of the French-Swiss architect also demonstrates an attempt to delineate a new concept of “organic architecture”, related to his researches on a historiographic redefinition of the Modern Movement. Resumen: Bruno Zevi fue un entusiasta promotor de la arquitectura y las teorías de Frank Lloyd Wright. Sin embargo, la investigación crítica y la propaganda del arquitecto italiano e historiador sobre la llamada "arquitectura orgánica" revela una importante deuda cultural para Le Corbusier. En 1945, Zevi publicó "Verso un'architettura organica" [Hacia una arquitectura orgánica], la primera versión de su historia de la arquitectura. El título es claramente una referencia polémica al libro de Le Corbusier "Vers une architecture" (1923). En 1977, junto a otros arquitectos, Zevi promovió la Carta Machu Picchu, un documento para "actualizar" la Carta de Atenas (1933). Los lugares celebradas importancia: Atenas fue la cuna de la civilización occidental y el racionalismo arquitectónico. Machu Picchu simbolizaba la contribución de una forma alternativa de ver el mundo. Son esos meros ejemplos de las provocaciones de Zevi? La relación entre Zevi y Le Corbusier es problemática y bivalente. Zevi adopta los métodos educativos y comunicativos de Le Corbusier y su estilo crítico escrito, pero su interpretación del arquitecto franco-suizo también demuestra un intento de delinear un nuevo concepto de "arquitectura orgánica", en relación con sus investigaciones en una redefinición historiográfico de la Movimiento Moderno. Keywords: Bruno Zevi; Le Corbusier’s legacy; modern language invariants; five points; organic architecture. Palabras clave: Bruno Zevi; El legado de Le Corbusier; invariantes de lenguas modernas; cinco puntos; arquitectura orgánica. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.760

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Szmitkowska, Agata. "FROM THE LUFTWAFFE HEADQUARTERS TO A SANATORIUM”. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HOLIDAY RESORT OF THE WARSAW EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE TRADE UNION OF THE BOOK, PRESS AND RADIO EMPLOYEES IN GOŁDAP, MASURIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/26.

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This article presents the architecture, origin and the vicissitudes of the holiday resort which was dedicated to employees of the state media institutions of that time and which is representative of Polish holiday centres in Poland in the 1970s. It was developed near a town called Gołdap in northern Poland in the area of the Masurian Lake District which constituted a part of German East Prussia before 1945. The centre was planned in the land which operated as the Main Headquarters of the General Command of Luftwaffe during II World War. One of the key principles assumed by the designer of the holiday resort was not only the use of the natural advantages of the place but also the maximum adaptation of the preserved facilities, the foundations of the buildings and the infrastructure of the former military complex. The unusual architecture, attractive location and the scale of the constructed complex bespoke of the investors’ considerable wealth. The history of the centre entwined closely with important events in general history and the political and economic changes which occurred in Poland after 1989 determined the decision to introduce a new function of a sanatorium to the facility. The complex was then partially reconstructed and developed. This article was based on a number of researches. A detailed analysis was made of the related archival materials and scientific publications. A comparative analysis was conducted of the architecture of the centre and other facilities used for the same purpose which had been built in the 1960s and 1970s in Poland. The required field studies and photographic documentation of all the premises were performed simultaneously.

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Oliveira, Jefferson Borges de, Caroline Berthier Zanin, Gustavo Carreira Henriques, Maiévi Liston, Rafael Glória Zatta, Rodrigo de Faria Martins, and Tatiana Pizzolotto Bruch. "Pallister-Hall Syndrome - case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.575.

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In 1980, Hall et all described a syndrome characterized by “hamartoblastoma”, hypopituitarism, unperfurated anus, polydactyly postaxial and numerous visceral anomalies, today known as Pallister-Hall Syndrome. On the study, Hall et all reported six cases of children with that malformation syndrome - lethal on neonatal period. None of the newborns had anterior hypophysis and the hypothalamic tumor was apparent in the inferior part of the brain, going from the optic chiasm to the interpeduncular fossa. Besides, other anomalies were found, such as: laryngeal split, abnormal pulmonary lobation, renal agenesis or dysplasia, shorts fourth metacarpals, nail dysplasia, multiple mouth frenulum, hypoadrenalism, congenital cardiomyopathy and intrauterine growth retardation. Every case was sporadic, the chromosome were apparently normal, without consaguinity relations. Several similar, milder and even asymptomatic cases were described later on. Kletter and Biesecker (1992), Topf et all (1993) and Penman Splitt et all (1994), define the disease as dominant autosomal inheritance. Kettler and Biesecker (1992) stated that most cases as sporadic as a result of a gene mutation with variable expressiveness. According to Biesecker et al (1996), an international workshop determined diagnostic criteria to the Syndrome: Hypothalamic Hamartroma and Central Polydactyly; First degree relative with hypothalamic hamartroma and polydactyly; Dominant autosomal parrent inheritance or in a consistent form with germaine mosaicism. The radiological changes are important for differential diagnosis between Pallister-Hall Syndrome and other hamartroma-present diseases. The hypothalamic hamartroma isolated has phenotypical features and causes hormonal disorders such as early puberty. On the MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) it shows hyperintese sign on attenuated fluid. On the other hand, the Pallister-Hall Syndrome the hamartroma shows itself as a isointense signs along with other deformities as polydactyly, for example. According to Kuo et al (1999), on MRI, the classic hypothalamic hamartroma isn’t calcified, is homogenous and isointense to the grey matter on weight images in T1, and isointense and often hyperintense on weight images in T2. Those findings are pretty distinctive and help distinguish the hypothalamic hamartroma from ordinary lesions, as craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic/opticalchiasmic glioma, observed in children. Case report: The patient ALDV, male, born in 30/12/1995, was referred to evaluation on the Medical Genetic Service from HCPA. At the time, aged one year and 8 months, he was the only son of a young, healthy couple with no consanguinity. The family history of similar cases or other genetic pathologies are unknown. The prenatal happened with no intercurrences, unless the smoking mother. It was a natural birth; Birth Weight: 2kg; High: 42cm; PC: 32cm. APGAR 9. At 8 months, starts an investigation for precocious puberty, and a karyotype was performed in her hometown: 46, XY (normal). He presents convulsive crises since one year old. DNPM: cephalic support when he had 8 months, sat without support at the age of one. Physical examination: Head circumference in the 97th percentile, length above the 97th percentile. Good general condition, dysmorphic, facies with fusion of eyebrows (sinofre), epicanthus, small nose, dysplastic ears with a broad shield, three café-au-lait spots on the body. Presence of pubic hair. Increase in length and diameter of the penis, as well as of the testicles, in relation to chronological age. In the hands, significant brachydactyly with bitateral hexadactyly. In the feet, bilateral hexadactyly. Proximal cutaneous syndactyly between the 2nd and 3rd bilateral arthroids, mainly on the right. Additional exams: Rx of hands and wrists for bone age: 7 years; Chronological Age: 1 year and 10 months. Normal abdominal ultrasound; Computed Tomography of Skull/Magnetic Resonance of Skull: hypothalamic expansive lesion (3 cm), compatible with hamartoma; triventricular hydrocephalus; Cavum septum pellucidum. Endocrinological Evaluation: compatible with precocious puberty of central cause. High resolution karyotype: 46, XY (normal). Computed tomography of the brain: Examination for neurological control, performed on 10/12/2014, 18-year-old patient. It was observed solid nodular formation in the hypothalamic region, hypodense, with well-defined limits, in close contact with the mesencephalon, without impregnation by contrast medium administered intravenously, measuring about 2.9 X 2.4 X 3.0 cm, in the respective laterolateral, anteroposterior and craniocaudal planes, which in correlation with the patient’s clinical history may be related to hypothalamic Hamartoma.

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Reports on the topic "German history - 1933 - 1945"

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Pryt, Karina. Polish-German film relations in the process of building German cultural hegemony in Europe 1933-1939. Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.70888.

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The article presents Polish-German film relations in the framework of Nazis cultural diplomacy between 1933 and 1939. The Nazi effort to create a cultural hegemony through the unification of the European film market under German leadership serves as an important point of reference. On the example of the Polish-German relationship, the article analyses the Nazi “soft power” in terms of both its strength and limits. Describing the broader geopolitical context, the article proposes a new trail in the research on both the film milieus and the cinema culture in Poland in the 1930s. In mythological terms, it belongs to cultural diplomacy and adds simultaneously to film history and New Cinema History.

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Arns, David. The transition to Nazism, the history of the German town of Pfungstadt, 1928 to 1935. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.968.

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