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1

Detzer, Daniel, Nina Dodig, Trevor Evans, Eckhard Hein, Hansjörg Herr, and Franz Josef Prante. The German Financial System and the Financial and Economic Crisis. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56799-0.

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2

Allen, Franklin. A welfare comparison of the German and US financial systems. London: London School of Economics, Financial Markets Group, 1994.

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3

Vitor, Gaspar, Hartmann Philipp, Sleijpen Olaf, and European Central Bank, eds. The transformation of the European financial system: Second ECB Central Banking Conference, October 2002, Frankfurt, Germany. Frankfurt: European Central Bank, 2003.

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4

Toporowski, Jan. European destiny and macro-economic responsibility, financial systems in Germany and the U.K.: A balance sheet approach. London: South Bank University European Institute, 1997.

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5

Wich, Holger. Internes Kontrollsystem und Management-Informationssystem: Analyse der Systembedeutung für Unternehmensleitung und Abschlussprüfer. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2008.

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6

Henner, Gimpel, ed. Negotiation, auctions, and market engineering: International seminar Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, November 12-17, 2006, revised selected papers. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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7

Kowalik, Paweł. Pionowa i pozioma nierównowaga finansowa: Oraz system jej wyrównywania w państwie federalnym na przykładzie Niemiec i Stanów Zjednoczonych = Vertical and horizontal financial imbalance, and the system of its equalization in a federal state on the example of Germany and the United States. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2013.

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8

Maier, Michael Thomas. Der Management-Approach: Herausforderungen für Controller und Abschlussprüfer im Kontext der IFRS-Finanzberichterstattung. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2009.

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9

Krahnen, Jan, and Reinhard Schmidt. German Financial System. Oxford University Press, 2004.

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10

Krahnen, Jan P., and Reinhard H. Schmidt. German Financial System. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2004.

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11

Pieter, Krahnen Jan, and Schmidt Reinhard H, eds. The German financial system. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

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12

Krahnen, Jan P., and Reinhard H. Schmidt, eds. The German Financial System. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199253161.001.0001.

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13

Herr, Hansjörg, Trevor Evans, Eckhard Hein, Daniel Detzer, Nina Dodig, and Franz Josef Prante. The German Financial System and the Financial and Economic Crisis. Springer, 2017.

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14

Herr, Hansjörg, Trevor Evans, Eckhard Hein, Daniel Detzer, Nina Dodig, and Franz Josef Prante. The German Financial System and the Financial and Economic Crisis. Springer, 2018.

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15

Agarwal, Manjo. Role of Accounting in the German Financial System. Business Expert Press, 2019.

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16

(Editor), Marc Flandreau, Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich (Editor), and Harold James (Editor), eds. International Financial History in the Twentieth Century: System and Anarchy (Publications of the German Historical Institute). Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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17

Sauter, Katharina. On the Persistence of Relationship Banking Within a Bank-Based Financial System: Post-Crisis Evidence from German SMEs. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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18

Sauter, Katharina. On the Persistence of Relationship Banking Within a Bank-Based Financial System: Post-Crisis Evidence from German SMEs. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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19

Sauter, Katharina. On the Persistence of Relationship Banking Within a Bank-Based Financial System: Post-Crisis Evidence from German SMEs. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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20

Sauter, Katharina. On the Persistence of Relationship Banking Within a Bank-Based Financial System: Post-Crisis Evidence from German SMEs. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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21

Mirola, William A. Eight Hours and the Financial Crisis of 1873. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038839.003.0004.

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This chapter studies union efforts at putting the eight-hour system to work. As a new decade began, Chicago workers remained angry and frustrated by the lack of enforcement of the Illinois eight-hour law and by the ongoing resistance of employers both to the moral pressure of reformers' arguments and to their attempt to enforce the eight-hour law through strikes. Yet despite what seemed to be the general failure of the 1867 eight-hour campaign and the fragmentation of the movement into conservative and radical factions, Yankee, British, German, and Irish trade unionists kept the goal of redeeming time through the eight-hour system as the centerpiece of labor activism in the new decade. In the fall of 1873, Chicago experienced the first financial collapse of the industrial era. The collapse and the depression that followed inaugurated a new phase in the development of the labor movement: the rise to prominence of semiskilled and unskilled immigrants within Chicago's labor movement.
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22

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department. Germany: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Financial System Stability Assessment. International Monetary Fund, 2016.

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23

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department. Germany: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Financial System Stability Assessment. International Monetary Fund, 2016.

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24

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department. Germany: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Financial System Stability Assessment. International Monetary Fund, 2016.

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25

Hardy, Duncan. Feuding and Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.003.0004.

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Alongside and entangled with arbitration was another common practice of the Upper German elite: engaging in feuds and wars. Non-German scholarship has traditionally portrayed feuding as illegitimate ‘private war’, while older German historiography has seen it as central to a legal system based on aristocratic rights. However, the evidence suggests that not only nobles but also princes, prelates, and cities accepted the legitimacy of feuding, within a ritually delineated state of ‘enmity’ between two or more parties, as a means of defending honour, achieving redress, and forcing negotiations at Tage. While some parties did rhetorically oppose feuding on some occasions, and imperial legislation gradually sought to constrain the practice, violent conflict—performed within customary parameters—was an inescapable fact of political life throughout this period, and it might draw in any political actor with a stake in the proprietary, financial, and jurisdictional structures of Upper Germany.
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26

Flögel, Franz. Distance Rating Systems and Enterprise Finance. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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27

Distance Rating Systems and Enterprise Finance. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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28

Financial Collateral. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198816935.001.0001.

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This book draws together all of the property law, regulatory and contractual issues relevant to financial collateral transactions. Collateralized finance transactions played a major role in the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and the near-failure of AIG during the early months of the global financial crisis, and they are being increasingly recognised as being integral to the stability of the global financial system. The book provides a detailed legal analysis of the types of transactions which make up collateralised financing transactions and examines them in their commercial context. Recognising that financial collateral transactions are often global in nature, the book covers the legal position in the UK, US, and the EU with specific relevance to practice in the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium. The book opens with an explanation of how financial collateral transactions are construed, including the relevant standard contract forms. The following chapters discuss the major legal issues and practical considerations, as well as a number of specialist concepts such as safe harbours, 'minimum floors' and securities custody. The book brings together consideration of the European Securities Financing Regulation, the Collateral Directive, and relevant parts of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive.
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29

Polesel, John. Pre-Employment Skill Formation in Australia and Germany. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.8.

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This chapter provides a critical analysis of the role that vocational education and training plays in preparing young people for the labour market in two contrasting systems – Australia and Germany. In Germany, this occurs mainly within the structure of the “dual system”. In Australia, it occurs within a system of comprehensive high schools, where vocational studies are located within the senior secondary certificates. In Australia, it also occurs to an extent in the adult sector VET institutions and in some specialist providers which focus on school-aged youth. The concepts of education logic and employment logic and the type of welfare state, whether neocorporatist or neoliberal, are used to analyse important differences between Australia and Germany. The chapter argues that the skills formation of young people requires both symbolic and financial support and an approach to upper secondary education which is not captive to the sorting and selection mechanisms of universities.
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30

Wuth, Jasmin. Nachhaltiges Bauen in der Praxis : Bewertung des Zertifizierungsprozesses der ökologischen Qualität nach DGNB System. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.408.

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Linking theory and practice, university research and the real economy, is a pillar of social development. With the financial support of the FOSTER program of the TU Dresden, I succeeded in this desired connection, even before the first dust on my thesis has settled down. With the support of the professorship for business administration, especially sustainability management and corporate environmental economics, I was able to transfer my diploma thesis from theory to practice, from the university to a renowned specialist journal. In my thesis, I dealt with the obstacles in the certification process of the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB e.V.). The DGNB system in new buildings aims to ensure a holistic assessment of a building in terms of sustainable construction. I have examined which obstacles, from the point of view of the DGNB auditors, can arise in the course of the certification process when assessing ecological quality. Expert interviews with three auditors formed the basis for a structured questionnaire that was sent to all registered DGNB auditors. While the interviews served the explorative identification and systematisation of disruptive factors, the questionnaire empirically examined the extent to which these affect the course of certification over time and the achievement of the highest possible score. The interface cooperation and a late integration date of the DGNB concept in the planning of new buildings emerge as the most decisive obstacles. The analysis lays the foundation for overcoming any obstacles and can consequently make a contribution to optimizing the certification process. This can support building certification as a strategic instrument for sustainable building in establishing itself in the construction industry and increasing its market penetration. At the same time, this serves the overriding goal of promoting sustainable building methods and the construction industry. Further results will be published in an article in the specialist journal 'Bauingenieur' in 2021. So, in close coordination with the professorship and the FOSTER funding, I managed to keep my research in a drawer and to publish my results instead.
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31

Vail, Mark I. Economic Adjustment through Group Subsidization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683986.003.0004.

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This chapter analyzes how the German tradition of corporate liberalism has shaped policy outcomes in fiscal policy, labor-market policy, and financial regulation since the early 1990s. After German reunification and in the wake of the fiscal-policy strictures of the Maastricht Treaty, German authorities developed reform strategies designed to support economic growth, reduce unemployment, and modernize their financial systems. In so doing, they rejected neoliberal prescriptions in favor of policies that sheltered and subsidized core groups in their export-based growth model, in particular skilled workers and employers in export sectors, internationally competitive SMEs, and economically strategic financial institutions. In all three policy areas, reform trajectories of both Left and Right reflected corporate-liberal commitments to a supportive role for the state, the privileging of mesoeconomic policy instruments between macro and micro levels, and an emphasis on core groups as central political-economic constituencies, often at the expense of peripheral or unincorporated outsiders.
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32

Flögel, Franz. Distance, Rating Systems and Enterprise Finance: Ethnographic Insights from a Comparison of Regional and Large Banks in Germany. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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33

Flögel, Franz. Distance, Rating Systems and Enterprise Finance: Ethnographic Insights from a Comparison of Regional and Large Banks in Germany. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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34

Golder, Sona N., Ignacio Lago, André Blais, Elisabeth Gidengil, and Thomas Gschwend. The Institutional and Political Context of Multi-Level Elections in France, Germany, and Spain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791539.003.0003.

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To get a sense of the institutional variation across the three countries and six regions, this chapter discusses the electoral rules, regime types, and party systems in the given cases. The party systems vary in the extent to which they are nationalized, with some countries having important differences at the subnational level, such as regional parties that compete in a single region, and other countries having party systems that look similar across multiple arenas. To put the elections studied in context, the chapter also discusses the political and economic situation facing citizens of the different regions during the period under analysis. The analyses cover a period of financial stress in these countries, though variation is seen in how much different countries, and regions within countries, suffered from the global financial crisis that began shortly before the study. Parties and voters are expected to vary accordingly in their reaction to the crisis.
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35

Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Germany. OECD, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264069381-en.

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36

Schillig, Michael. Resolution and Insolvency of Banks and Financial Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703587.001.0001.

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This book provides a detailed analysis and critical assessment of the EU and US resolution regimes for banks and financial institutions on a comparative basis. The book analyses the EU legal framework under the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, and considers the challenges in national implementation through the two largest economies within the EU, Germany and the UK. The very influential laws of the US, (Securities Investor Protection Act 1970, and the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: Dodd-Franck) are used as a comparative reference point. Through analysis of the new EU framework and of the more mature system in the US, the book considers whether and to what extent the EU framework and national regimes contribute to ensuring resolvability of financial institutions, how their efficacy may be increased with a view, in particular, to the resolution of cross border groups, and what the future may hold, especially in respect of a single European resolution authority.
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37

Art Society Staff International Monetary Fund. Germany : Financial System Stability Assessment, Including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Following Topics: Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Payment Systems, and Securities Settlement. International Monetary Fund, 2003.

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38

Staff, International Monetary Fund. Germany : Financial System Stability Assessment, Including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Following Topics: Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Payment Systems, and Securities Settlement. International Monetary Fund, 2003.

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39

Fund, International Monetary. Germany : Financial System Stability Assessment, Including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Following Topics: Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Payment Systems, and Securities Settlement. International Monetary Fund, 2003.

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40

Kroeze, Ronald. Lockheed (1977) and Flick (1981–1986). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.003.0020.

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This chapter concentrates on two large political corruption scandals—Lockheed and Flick—in two countries that are commonly seen as relatively corruption-free: the Netherlands and Germany. It argues that these corruption scandals were taken very seriously in these countries, but were handled in different ways from what current anticorruption policies would suggest. In both instances, the existing law was regarded as inadequate and the political elites tried to keep the scandals subdued by balancing refusal of formal prosecution against intense public debate, with the aim of maintaining the stability of the political system in the longer run. In illuminating the overlapping interests of political and financial elites, this chapter stresses the value of pragmatic as opposed to morally unbendable approaches to anticorruption.
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41

Hoffman, Philip T., Gilles Postel-Vinay, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. Dark Matter Credit. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182179.001.0001.

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Prevailing wisdom dictates that without banks countries would be mired in poverty. Yet somehow much of Europe managed to grow rich long before the diffusion of banks. This book draws on centuries of loan data from France to reveal how credit abounded well before banks opened their doors. The book shows how a vast system of shadow credit enabled nearly a third of French families to borrow in 1740, and by 1840 funded as much mortgage debt as the American banking system of the 1950s. The book traces how this extensive private network outcompeted banks and thrived prior to World War I—not just in France but in Britain, Germany, and the United States—until killed off by government intervention after 1918. Overturning common assumptions about banks and economic growth, the book paints a revealing picture of an until-now hidden market of thousands of peer-to-peer loans made possible by a network of brokers who matched lenders with borrowers and certified the borrowers' creditworthiness. The book challenges widespread misperceptions about French economic history, such as the notion that banks proliferated slowly, and the idea that financial innovation was hobbled by French law. By documenting how intermediaries in the shadow credit market devised effective financial instruments, this compelling book provides new insights into how countries can develop and thrive today.
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42

Plehwe, Dieter. Neoliberal Think Tanks and the Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190676681.003.0011.

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The global financial and economic crisis is widely considered a fundamental crisis of neoliberalism. But the contribution of neoliberals to the ongoing debate on causes and consequences of the crisis has been a substantial, if belittled or even ignored, factor of influence. A review of postcrisis activities of organized neoliberal networks directs attention to their continuing influence in shaping the interpretation of the crisis and preference formation processes with regard to proposed solutions. An agenda of minimal welfare state solutions that are compatible with the market systems has been reconfirmed; it both accepts temporary increases of welfare budgets and aims at constitutionalizing the long-term decrease of welfare budgets through austerity regimes at the same time. Different reservoirs of neoliberal thinking, like the distinct Austrian school and German-Swiss ordoliberal traditions, play an important role in the contemporary controversies on economics and welfare.
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43

Blisse, Holger, and Detlev Hummel. Raiffeisenbanks and Volksbanks for Europe. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.28.

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Co-operative banks have become an important part of the national banking systems in Europe since their creation as member-based organizations in the middle of the nineteenth century. They act together with their central institution(s) within a federal structure. Today, as a result of the crisis of financial markets, European regulation tends to prefer the type of a banking corporation. Co-operative banks, Volksbanks as well as Raiffeisenbanks, and their federal structure seem to be put under pressure to transform and to merge. As a result the number of banks (institutional diversity) and the diversity of banks’ legal forms decreases. This chapter recalls various phases of the history of the development of co-operative banks in Germany, concentrates on the switch from member-based to customer-oriented banks, and analyses strategies to reactivate a meaningful membership and to reposition these banks as responsible institutions for local and social problems.
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44

Kersten, Gregory E., Henner Gimpel, Axel Ockenfels, Christof Weinhardt, and Nicolas R. Jennings. Negotiation, Auctions, and Market Engineering: International Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, November 12-17, 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, 2008.

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45

Müller, Amrei. Influence of the ICESCR in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825890.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the influence that the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR or the Covenant) and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have had on domestic law in Europe. It focuses on the Covenant’s legal influence in Germany, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and examines three issues that uncover broader trends and challenges: first, it shows that the extent to which the direct effects of the ICESCR have been recognized reveals positive and negative influences; second, it indicates how the particularities of the political and legal systems of the four countries shape the ICESCR’s influence; and third, it tentatively highlights the possibility that the recent financial and economic crises, which led to far-reaching interferences with economic, social, and cultural rights in Europe and elsewhere, may have nonetheless raised awareness of the ICESCR, which could lead to an increased positive influence of the Covenant in the future.
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46

Simmonds, Bethany. Ageing and the Crisis in Health and Social Care. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348597.001.0001.

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Developing a trilayer analysis of global, national and individual perspectives, this book examines ageing and the health and social care crisis. It begins with an examination of how broad structural and discursive trends, such as neoliberalism and globalisation, have influenced the financing and provision of health and social care for older people in Western countries including Germany, Sweden and the UK. It then goes onto discuss the impact that privatisation, ‘choice’ and competition has had on service provision, including how declining social protections have impacted upon employment practices. Three UK case studies (active ageing, pre-emergency, and end of life care) provide insight into individual’s (both older people and health care workers) experiences of navigating the risky, fragmented and complex health and social care system. Then the UK’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic is compared with Sweden and Germany’s, and the UK government’s intended solutions to the health and social care crisis is discussed. Finally, the book ends by showcasing examples of innovative care solutions that have been trialled in the UK, and what broader cultural and political changes are necessary to provide a more sustainable and dignified health and social care system for older people.
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47

Cantillon, Bea, Yekaterina Chzhen, Sudhanshu Handa, and Brian Nolan, eds. Children of Austerity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797968.001.0001.

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The 2008 financial crisis triggered the worst global recession since the Great Depression. Many OECD countries responded to the crisis by reducing social spending. Through eleven diverse country case studies (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States), this volume describes the evolution of child poverty and material well-being during the crisis, and links these outcomes with the responses by governments. The analysis underlines that countries with fragmented social protection systems were less able to protect the incomes of households with children at the time when unemployment soared. In contrast, countries with more comprehensive social protection cushioned the impact of the crisis on households with children, especially if they had implemented fiscal stimulus packages at the onset of the crisis. Although the macroeconomic ‘shock’ itself and the starting positions differed greatly across countries, while the responses by governments covered a very wide range of policy levers and varied with their circumstances, cuts in social spending and tax increases often played a major role in the impact that the crisis had on the living standards of families and children.
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48

Popadyuk, Tatyana, Saidkhror Gulyamov, and Sharafutdin Khashimkhodzhaev, eds. IX INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “MANAGERIAL SCIENCES IN THE MODERN WORLD”. EurAsian Scientific Editions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56948/zajh8343.

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On 9 November 2021, 9th International Scientific-Practical Conference “Managerial Sciences in the Modern World” was opened. This year, the event took place in the online format because of the strained epidemiological situation. A total of about 450 specialists took part in the conference. “Managerial Sciences” has already become a kind of brand, with more than half a dozen different round table discussions, sections”, said Arkady Trachuk, Dean of the Faculty “Higher School of Management” at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, who moderated the plenary session. He said that the 2021 conference participants included representatives from Latvia, Republic of Fiji, Kuwait, India, Uzbekistan, and Russia. Russia was represented by seven regions: Moscow and Moscow Region, Bryansk-, Tver-, Saratov-, Arkhangelsk regions, Republic of Tatarstan and Krasnodar Territory. Delegates from 25 universities, including 6 foreign higher educational establishments, took part in the sections’ work. The central event of the first day of the conference was a plenary session during which presentations were delivered by representatives of Germany, Slovenia, Uzbekistan and Russia. The plenary session was opened by Arkady Trachuk. His presentation focused on the goals of introducing digital technologies in the Russian industry. The speaker presented the results of the research implemented by a team of scholars from the Department of Management and Innovation at the Faculty “Higher School of Management”. Alexander Brem, Head of Technological Entrepreneurship and Digitalisation at Stifterverband Consulting Company funded by Daimler Foundation (Germany), talked about artificial intelligence as an innovation management technology. The expert is convinced that artificial intelligence will become the core technology to drive the technological development in the 21st century. Jörg Geisler, head of Finance and Risk Management at S-Kreditpartner GmbH, expert on consumer lending at savings banks (Germany), dwelled on an important subject – “Risk management at times of digital innovation” by the example of the banking industry. Samo Bobek, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) at the University of Maribor, Professor of e-business and information management (Slovenia), delivered a presentation on “Digital transformation impact on business models”. His presentation dealt with digital transformation of business models. Azizjon Bobojonov, Head of International Project Office, Associate Professor of the Department “Digital Economy and Information Technologies” at Tashkent State University of Economics (Republic of Uzbekistan), talked in his presentation “Reinventing the services in the digital age” about new discoveries in the service industry in the epoch of digital transformation. The plenary session was followed by thematic sessions in the following areas: • Change management and leadership • Business strategies and sustainable development • International management and business • Theoretical issues of management • Theory and practice of project management • Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility • Operations and business process management • Strategic financial management • Public sector management and efficiency problems • Major cities and urban agglomerations management • Real sector investment management • Crisis and business continuity management • Systems analysis in management • Knowledge and talent management • Sports digitalisation management • Digital marketing and marketing communications • Shaping innovation strategy in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution.
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49

Baker, Jean H. Building America. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696450.001.0001.

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Building America: The Life of Benjamin Henry Latrobe is a biography of America’s first professionally trained architect and engineer. Born in 1764, Latrobe was raised in Moravian communities in England and Germany. His parents expected him to follow his father and brother into the ministry, but he rebelled against the church. Moved to London, he studied architecture and engineering. In 1795 he emigrated to the United States and became part of the period’s Transatlantic Exchange. Latrobe soon was famous for his neoclassical architecture, designing important buildings, including the US Capitol and Baltimore Basilica as well as private homes. Carpenters and millwrights who built structures more cheaply and less permanently than Latrobe challenged his efforts to establish architecture as a profession. Rarely during his twenty-five years in the United States was he financially secure, and when he was, he speculated on risky ventures that lost money. He declared bankruptcy in 1817 and moved to New Orleans, the sixth American city that he lived in, hoping to recoup his finances by installing a municipal water system. He died there of yellow fever in 1820. The themes that emerge in this biography are the critical role Latrobe played in the culture of the early republic through his buildings and his genius in neoclassical design. Like the nation’s political founders, Latrobe was committed to creating an exceptional nation, expressed in his case by buildings and internal improvements. Additionally, given the extensive primary sources available for this biography, an examination of his life reveals early American attitudes toward class, family, and religion.
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50

Zimmermann, Katharina. Local Policies and the European Social Fund. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346517.001.0001.

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In the context of an ‘activation turn’ in many European welfare states, the local level gained increasing relevance in the last decades and brought local social policies and national employment policies more closely together. At the same time, at the European level the European Social Fund (ESF) made a career from an unconditional simple financing instrument towards a complex governance tool; meant to back up European social and employment policies in close combination with tools such as reporting or benchmarking. Greater coordination of domestic policies in social and employment policies, where the EU had no regulative competences, was sought to be achieved via ‘bypass strategies’ which directly focused on the subnational implementation systems of the member states. Against the backdrop of these scenarios, the book is interested in the actual role of the ESF in local activation policies. It wants to know how local social and employment policy fields react to the ESF, what shapes their reactions, and what the effects of these reactions are in terms of change in local policy fields. By drawing on both sociologists’ and political scientists’ literature, the book develops a unique perspective on the role of supranational money at the local level. By comparing comprehensive qualitative data from 18 local case studies in six European countries (Sweden, France, Poland, UK, Italy, and Germany) and deploying an innovative mixed-method approach, the book provides rich insights into a field where so far comparative qualitative research is missing.
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