Journal articles on the topic 'German Exile Literature'

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1

Eisenberg-Bach, Susi. "Dutch publishers of German exile literature." Quaerendo 20, no. 3 (1990): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006990x00193.

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2

Humble, Malcolm. "The Renegade in German Exile Literature." Orbis Litterarum 56, no. 1 (February 2001): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0730.2001.d01-33.x.

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3

Giles, Paul. "American Literature in English Translation: Denise Levertov and Others." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 1 (January 2004): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x22864.

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The theory of exile as a form of intellectual empowerment strongly influenced writers of the Romantic and modernist periods, when major figures from Byron to James Joyce and Samuel Beckett sought to take advantage of a dissociation from native customs to embrace the authenticity of their art. More recently, however, displacement from indigenous cultures has become such a commonplace that it appears difficult to credit the process of migration with any special qualities of critical insight. Nevertheless, literary scholarship remains to some degree in the shadow of the idealization of “exiles and émigrés” that ran through the twentieth century. Edward Said, a Palestinian in the United States, consistently linked his “politics of knowledge” with a principled alienation from “corporations of possession, appropriation, and power,” while looking back to the exiled German scholar of comparative literature Erich Auerbach as a model for transcending “the restraints of imperial or national or provincial limits” (Culture 335). Julia Kristeva, a Bulgarian in France, associated a similar perspective of estrangement with Christian narratives of exile and purification, along with their negative correlatives, psychological traumas of disinheritance and depression; but she also attributed to the foreign writer a levitating condition of “weightlessness”: “since he belongs to nothing the foreigner can feel as appertaining to everything, to the entire tradition” (32).
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4

Zbytovský, Štěpán. "Exile and Literature in the Prague German Magazine Die Wahrheit." Slovo a smysl 18, no. 37 (November 30, 2021): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366680.2021.2.6.

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5

Averkina, Svetlana, Angelika Kalinina, and Tatiana Suchareva. "The German literature in American exile – great writers and their wives: perspectives from Russian scholars." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185504018.

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The article focuses on the life and art of the famous Germane writers, namely Thomas Mann, Lion Feuchtwanger, and Franz Werfel. After the outbreak of WWII, when the Nazi forces invaded these lands, a lot of emigres managed to leave for the USA. For many of them, the escape route was extremely turbulent. The German writers in the USA settled closely together in California, forming a tight community. The famous Germane writers had to decide upon two principal questions: what they could do for the culture of their home country while staying in exile, and how to interact with the culture of the country where they live. In this connection, it is of great importance to analyze not their works, but the books of their wives. They took care of the house and children on a daily basis, as well as became secretaries, councilors, and closest associates of their great husbands. The authors also propose the main perspectives on a future research on this topic, focusing on the social and political phenomenon of “the community of German writers in American exile”, analyzing how the intellectual community was formed, discussing the documents of this age, studying the memories about their time in America in the context of the contemporary gender theory.
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6

Cohen, Yaier. "ELIAS CANETTI: EXILE AND THE GERMAN LANGUAGE." German Life and Letters 42, no. 1 (October 1988): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.1988.tb01285.x.

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7

Pfanner, Helmut, and Gary Samson. "Lotte Jacobi: German Photographer and Portraitist in Exile." Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory 62, no. 3 (July 1987): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00168890.1987.9935424.

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8

Cai, Cecily. "Doktor Faustus and its Variations on Lateness." arcadia 57, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 282–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2022-9053.

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Abstract Thomas Mann’s novel Doktor Faustus, first published 1947, tells the story of a fictional German musician, Adrian Leverkühn, paralleled with the rise and fall of Germany in the first half of the 20th century. In fact, the idea of Doktor Faustus predated Mann’s exile, and it had been already conceived as a work of lateness – a Faust, a Parsifal in prose. In the process of creating variations on lateness, Mann referred to the musical models of Beethoven, Wagner, Mahler, Schoenberg, and the music criticism of Theodor W. Adorno. As a product of Mann’s exile in Southern California, Doktor Faustus connects the concept of lateness with his experience of exile through music, as Edward Said would later point out in his reflections on “late style.” By engaging with pre-existing compositions and criticism, I will present Doktor Faustus as a novelistic rendering of musical lateness that not only engages with compositions such as Wagner’s Parsifal and Mahler’s Ninth Symphony but also sheds new light on the interpretation of lateness as an artistic and – above all – human experience.
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9

Landauer, Carl. "Erwin Panofsky and the Renascence of the Renaissance." Renaissance Quarterly 47, no. 2 (1994): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862914.

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It has long been understood that historians, literary critics, and art historians who write about past cultures use those cultures for present purposes, whether by turning Periclean Athens into an ideal for present-day America or the fall of the Roman empire into an ominous signal for modern empires. German humanists who sought refuge from Nazi Germany had, however, special reasons to use their cultural studies as a strategy of escape. Erich Auerbach in exile in Istanbul and Ernst Robert Curtius in “inner exile” in Bonn provided narratives of European literary history that minimized the contribution of their native culture, and in so reworking the narrative of Western literature, they were able to reshape their own identities. Their reconstructions of past cultures can thus be read as attempts at self-reconstruction. Ultimately, however, the attempt by such scholars to distance themselves from German culture often faltered on the very Germanness of their cultural reconstructions.
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10

Kerlova, Martina. "Erich Heller’s Disinherited Mind: A Bohemian Jewish Germanist in Anglo-American Exile." Journal of Austrian-American History 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 62–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.1.0062.

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Abstract This article examines the life and thought of Erich Heller, a prolific scholar of Austrian and German literature and philosophy. Born into a German Jewish family in the borderland of Habsburg Bohemia, Heller graduated from Prague’s German University, only to be forced to flee the Nazi invasion. He found refuge in Britain before moving ultimately to the United States where he taught for two decades at Northwestern University. Erich Heller’s physical and intellectual journey highlights both moments of conflict and cultural transmittance between German-speaking Central Europe and the Anglophone world. Heller was only half at home in the new world where he helped rehabilitated German and Austrian literature and thought abroad. The article explores Heller’s intellectual development throughout his voluntary and forced migrations and traces changes in his political and philosophical identity. Heller’s life, thought, and success are considered in two main contexts: that of his generation of Bohemian-born émigrés and of the postwar atmosphere in American higher education, in particular, the role of German-speaking scholars within it. It analyzes the way in which Heller understood his own transcendence within the national frames and its implication. The article answers two questions: What were the main contributing factors to Heller’s success in the postwar academic discipline German and Austrian Studies and what is the relevance of his teaching today?
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11

Kellenter, Sigrid, and Zlata Fuss Phillips. "German Children's and Youth Literature in Exile 1933-1950. Biographies and Bibliographies." Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 35, no. 2 (2002): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3530972.

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12

Mülsch, Elisabeth-Christine. "S.O.S. New York: German-Jewish Authors of Children's Literature in American Exile." Lion and the Unicorn 14, no. 1 (1990): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/uni.0.0049.

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13

Ritchie, J. M., and Zlata Fuss Phillips. "German Children's and Youth Literature in Exile 1933-1950: Biographies and Bibliographies." Modern Language Review 98, no. 1 (January 2003): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3738257.

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14

Lang, Birgit. "Haunted Encounters: Exile and Holocaust Literature in German and Austrian Post-war Culture." Religions 3, no. 2 (May 14, 2012): 424–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel3020424.

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15

Franzenburg, Geert. "Sustainability by Education: How Latvian Heritage was Kept Alive in German Exile." Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dcse-2016-0007.

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Abstract Sustainability is one of the core challenges for education in modern times, particularly concerning cultural heritage. The study evaluates, from a German point of view, how Latvians outside of Latvia after World War II kept their cultural heritage alive by educational concepts, which can be characterized as early roots of modern sustainable education. The evaluation focus concerns a group of Latvians in Germany associated with the Latvian high school in Muenster (MLG). The study concerns the 25 years from 1957 (school relocation to Muenster) until 1982 (founding of the organization “Latvian Center of Muenster e.V.” (LCM), and combines interviews and literature research. It underlines that environmental, social and heritage education can be seen as core elements of Latvian education abroad. Therefore, the study will not present a concise history of the Latvian high school in Muenster (MLG), which has already been done (Sprogis, 2009), but will concisely evaluate the educational concepts of this particular period as a model, how Latvians maintained their heritage in a sustainable way.
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16

Detering, Nicolas. "Heroischer Fatalismus." Volume 60 · 2019 60, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ljb.60.1.317.

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The article re-evaluates the notion of heroic agency by arguing that many instances of heroism in early 20th century German literature rely not on great deeds, but on images of fatalist persistence. After a discussion of the conceptual elements and traditions of heroic persistence, the essay surveys variants of its semanticization between Nietzsche’s amor fati and German exile narrations of the 1940s. The perusal shows that ›heroic attentism‹ in modernist literature is less dependent on the respective political affiliations of the authors, but rather on the concept’s ability to adapt to discursive trends and remain applicable to different historical experiences.
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17

Critchfield, Richard, Uwe Faulhaber, Jerry Glenn, Edward P. Harris, and Hans-Georg Richert. "Exile and Enlightenment: Studies in German and Comparative Literature in Honor of Guy Stern." South Atlantic Review 54, no. 3 (September 1989): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200192.

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18

Glass, Erlis, Uwe Faulhaber, Jerry Glenn, Edward P. Harris, and Hans-Georg Richert. "Exile and Enlightenment: Studies in German and Comparative Literature in Honor of Guy Stern." German Quarterly 62, no. 3 (1989): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406180.

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19

Critchfield, Richard, Uwe Faulhaber, Jerry Glenn, Edward P. Harris, and Hans-Georg Richert. "Exile and Enlightenment: Studies in German and Comparative Literature in Honor of Guy Stern." German Studies Review 11, no. 1 (February 1988): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430867.

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20

Midgley, David, and Bruce M. Broerman. "The German Historical Novel in Exile after 1933. Calliope Contra Clio." MLN 102, no. 3 (April 1987): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2905596.

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21

Latkowska, Magdalena. "„Sprache der Wende”. Przełom roku 1989 w oczach pisarzy wschodnioniemieckich." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 65, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2021.65.2.1.

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This article presents the involvement of East German writers in the autumn events of the 1989 breakthrough in the wider context. These events included, above all, the demonstrations organized by the liberal wing of the Writers’ Union and the “For Our Country” statement, which aroused wide controversy. The article describes the main axes of the “literature controversy,” a debate which lasted from the beginning to the middle of the 1990s and concerned the political responsibility of East German writers. The author’s reflections are largely based on archival materials, which encompass testimonies of social reactions to the actions of the government, the appeals of intellectuals, and the opinions of writers from the FRG and GDR (including those in exile) on the political future of Germany. The article outlines the specificity of the GDR writers’ milieu over several decades, comparing it with analogous circles in Poland. The article ends with a reflection on the relationship between these two circles and the reaction of East German writers to the events in Poland in the 1980s.
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22

Ashkenazi, Ofer, and Jakob Dittmar. "Belonging in Auto|Biographical Comics: Narratives of Exile in the German Heimat." a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 35, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08989575.2020.1741178.

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23

Bottigheimer, Ruth B. "German Children's and Youth Literature in Exile 1933-1950: Biographies and Bibliographies (review)." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 28, no. 2 (2003): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.1353.

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24

Spitzer, Leo, and Tülay Atak. "Learning Turkish." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 3 (May 2011): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.763.

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Emigration is translation. Written by Leo Spitzer in 1934, “Learning Turkish” offers a glimpse into the historical circumstances of his and other German academics' exile in Istanbul—an exile that plays a foundational role in comparative literature, as Erich Auerbach, Edward Said, Aamir Mufti, and Emily Apter have argued. Spitzer's attempt to analyze the characteristics of the Turkish language while that language was transforming amplifies recent critical attempts to understand “modern Turkey's nation-based and state-directed poiesis” (Yaeger 11). Bridging the gap between exile in Istanbul and the modern Turkish language, “Learning Turkish” introduces complexity to contemporary paradigms of global comparatism and identifies symptoms of literary studies' relocation to the context of a new nation-state; the article exemplifies the complicity between local nationalisms and cultural imperialisms and illuminates, on a personal level, how linguistic estrangement becomes a way of negotiating the experience of deportation, of emigration, and of the foreignness of adoptive cultures for Spitzer.
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Ortner, Jessica. "Memory between Locality and Mobility: Diaspora, Holocaust and Exile as Reflected in Contemporary German-Jewish Literature." Studia Liturgica 50, no. 1 (March 2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0039320720906543.

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Memory is not only a biological capability but also a social practice of constructing the past, which is carried out by social communities (e.g., the nation state, the family, and the church). Since the 1980s, memory studies has intertwined the concept of cultural memory with national narratives of the past that are to legitimize the connection between state, territory, and people. In the present time of growing migratory movements, memory studies has abandoned this “methodological nationalism” and turned its attention towards dynamic constructions of cultural memory. Indeed, memories cross national and cultural borderlines in various ways. The cultural memory of the Jewish people, ever since its beginning, has been defined by mobility. As the exile and forty years of wandering in the wilderness preceded the Conquest of Canaan and the building of the temple, the cultural memory of the Jewish people has always been based on the principle of extraterritoriality. The caesura of the Holocaust altered this ancient form of mobility into a superimposed rediasporization of the assimilated Jews that turned the eternal longing for Jerusalem into a secularized longing for the fatherland. This article presents examples of German-Jewish literature that is concerned with the intersection between the original diaspora memory, rediasporization and longing for a return to the fatherland. I will analyze literary writings by Barbara Honigmann and Vladimir Verlib that in a paradigmatic manner navigate between memory of the Holocaust, exile and the mythological past of Judaism, and negotiate the question of belonging to diverse territorial and mobile mnemonic communities.
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Ivanytska, Maria. "UKRAINIAN EMIGRE TRANSLATORS’ ACTIVITY IN WEST GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR II." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.150-160.

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The article provides an insight into the work of cultural activists in Germany in the post-war decades. It delineates the following groups of translators and popularizers of Ukrainian literature in West Germany: 1) German speakers: Halychyna descendant Hans Koch and Elisabeth Kottmeier, the wife of the Ukrainian poet Igor Kosteckyj; 2) the Ukrainian scholars who began their activity before the war: Dmytro (Dimitrij) Tschižeswskij, Iwan Mirtschuk; 3) representatives of the younger wave of emigration – Jurij Bojko-Blochyn, Olexa and Anna-Halja Horbatsch, Igor Kostetskyj, Mychahlo Orest, Jurij Kossatsch and others. The author reflects on the question whether or not the post-war Ukrainian emigration was integrated into a wider context of German culture. This is analyzed from the vantage point of the Western European reader’s/ literary critic’s readiness for the reception of Ukrainian literature. Among the first promoters of Ukrainian literature was the Artistic Ukrainian Movement (Munich), whose member of the board, Jurij Kossatsch, published the first review of the then contemporary Ukrainian literature in the German language “Ukrainische Literatur der Gegenwart” (1947). The author analyzes the first collection of translations of Ukrainian poetry “Gelb und Blau: Moderne ukrainische Dichtung in Auswahl” (“Yellow and Blue: Selected Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry”) compiled by Wolodimir Derzhawin, who condemned the persecution and extermination of poets in the USSR, criticized proletarian literature and the choice of authors. The preface by Derzhavin testified to the conviction of Ukrainian emigrants that free Ukrainian literature could flourish only in the exile. The work of the translators’ tandem of Igor Kosteckyj and Elisabeth Kottmeier is further described. The chronological and quantitative comparison of scholarly publications on Ukrainian literature in the then West Germany revealed that one of the major accomplishments of the Ukrainian diaspora was the transition from the complete lack to a gradual increase of interest in the aforementioned subject. The article emphasizes the significance of the translating activity of Anna-Halja Horbatsch aimed at introducing Ukrainian literature to the German Slavic Studies scholars along with ordinary readers. This was made possible when large collections of translations “Blauer November. Ukrainische Erzähler unseres Jahrhunderts” (Blue November: Ukrainian writers of this century) and “Ein Brunnen für Durstige “ (“The Well for the Thirsty”) were out, and in the 90’s – when the publishing house specializing in translations from Ukrainian literature was founded. The Soviets’ negative reaction to those and previous publications is perceived as a manifestation of the political engagement of socialist literary criticism. Conclusion: Anna-Halja Horbatsch’ contribution to the systematic acquaintance of the West German reader with modern Ukrainian literature is by far the most significant due to her numerous translations, scholarly articles, and critical reviews.
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Brinson, Charmian. "A Woman's Place...?: German-speaking Women in Exile in Britain, 1933-1945." German Life and Letters 51, no. 2 (April 1998): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0483.00094.

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Malura, Jan. "German Reformation and Czech Hymnbooks and Books of prayers and meditations." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 64, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2019-0031.

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Summary The paper deals with the Bohemian Reformation literature. Culture of the Bohemian Reformation belongs to a little-known phenomenon in Czech historiography. Art and culture historians have focused mostly on the Hussite period and less on the 16th and 17th centuries. An important issue is the reception of German Lutheran religious educational literature in Protestant Circles of the Czech lands. The author focuses primarily on books in which the genre of mediation dominates, and explores the prompt Czech reaction to several German authors (Martin Moller, Johann Gerhard etc.) active between approximately 1580–1620 who found intensive response in the Bohemian Lands. The second important field is the Czech hymnography in the 17th–18th centuries. The author finds German inspiration for Czech hymnbooks. He deals with Luther’s songs in the hymnbook Cithara sanctorum by Jiří Třanovský and especially with late baroque Protestant exile hymnbooks influenced by the Pietistic Circle in Halle and Herrnhut (Harfa nová [‘A New Harp’] by Jan Liberda, Lipský kancionál [‘Hymnbook of Leipzig’] by Georg Sarganek). Owing to the German stimuli, the spectrum of genres, ideological processes and stylistic registers in Czech literature from the 16th to 18th centuries is comparatively rich and diversified.
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Finch, Helen. "Writing the Displaced Person: H. G. Adler’s Poetics of Exile." Humanities 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8030148.

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This article discusses the work of the Prague Jewish writer H. G. (Hans Günther) Adler (1910–1988) as an important contribution to the poetics of German-Jewish displacement in the wake of World War II. It demonstrates the significance of Adler’s early response to questions of refugee status, displacement and human rights in literature. The article argues that Adler’s work can be seen as providing in part a response to the question raised by Hannah Arendt, Joseph Slaughter and other recent theorists of literature and human rights: what poetic form is adequate to give literary expression to the mass displacements of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century? Adler’s short story ‘Note of a Displaced Person’ and his lengthy novel The Wall demonstrate the role that modernist poetics of fragmentation, in particular the legacy of Kafka, can have in bearing witness to this experience. They also demonstrate that the space of exile and displacement provides Adler with a vantage point from which to comment on the rights catastrophe of the twentieth century. Adler’s work develops a theological understanding of the crisis of displacement, a crisis that can only be resolved by restoring a relation between the divine and the human.
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Egorova, L. V. "Erich Auerbach. Philology of world literature. Essays and letters." Voprosy literatury, no. 6 (March 22, 2022): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2021-6-282-287.

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A review of the third book by Erich Auerbach that has been translated into Russian. The publication differs from the original, compiled by the German culturologist M. Bormuth, The Scar of Odysseus. Horizons of World Literature [Die Narbe des Odysseus: Horizonte der Weltliteratur]. Along with the first chapter of Mimesis (‘The scar on Odysseus’ leg’), the Russian edition also contains its final chapter ‘The brown stocking.’ The essays and selected correspondence appear in Russian for the first time. Auerbach’s essays on M. Montaigne, G. Vico, Dante, Virgil, and M. Proust demonstrate the panoramic view of literature from Homer and the Bible to modernism. Fourteen letters, including those addressed to W. Benjamin, E.Panofsky, T. Mann, and M. Buber, focus on exile, a topic on which Bormuth expounds as early as in the introduction. Bormuth’s explanatory notes for each letter help readers to understand the relationship between the correspondents as well as the historical background.
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Kvam, Wayne. "Gründgens, Mann, and Mephisto." Theatre Research International 15, no. 2 (1990): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300009238.

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Klaus Mann, the eldest son of Thomas Mann, was among the first emigrants to leave Germany after the Nazi takeover in 1933. From the vantage point of his early exile in Amsterdam, he looked back disapprovingly at German artists and intellectuals who appeared to thrive under Hitler's regime. Especially galling to him was the success of actor/director Gustaf Gründgens (1899–1963), his former brother-in-law:I visualize my ex-brother-in-law as the traitor par excellence, the macabre embodiment of corruption and cynicism. So intense was the facination of his shameful glory that I decided to portray Mephisto-Gründgens in a satirical novel. I thought it pertinent, indeed, necessary to expose and analyse the abject type of the treacherous intellectual who prostitutes his talent for the sake of some tawdry fame and transitory wealth.
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32

Miller, T. "Weimar on the Pacific: German Exile Culture in Los Angeles and the Crisis of Modernism." Common Knowledge 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2009): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-2009-076.

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33

Pfanner, Helmut F., and Guy Stern. "Literarische Kultur im Exil: Gesammelte Beitrage zur Exilforschung/Literature and Culture in Exile: Collected Essays on the German-Speaking Emigration after 1933 (1989-1997)." German Studies Review 21, no. 2 (May 1998): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432229.

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Mastepak, T. G. "The socio-cultural space of Berlin in V. Nabokov’s novel “The Gift”." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 43 (2021): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/74/13.

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The paper analyzes techniques of contrasting the loci of “German” and “emigrant” Berlin (opposition “center–periphery”), ways of representing the images of native Germans and Russians, variants how immigrants “domesticate” socio-cultural space being alien to them (nominating loci “in Russian way”; consciousness transformation of foreign space into own one due to its cultural and linguistic content, etc.). Fedor sees the images of Germans as depersonalized but emigrants as individualized. Native Berliners are perceived as a less cultured nation, yet seamlessly integrated into the sociocultural landscape of their native city. Exiles from Russia occupy a “marginal” place in the geography of the city and the social hierarchy of the European capital while standing out in contrast in the space of Berlin (appearance, speech). Overcoming social minority is refusing integration and trying to preserve cultural identity (language, literature, art, social connections, and authority among Russian writers and scientists) in a foreign country. The “alien” socio-cultural space of Berlin has twofold semantics: first – mortality and non-genuineness and second – a creative cradle. It encourages Fedor to rethink his memories of childhood, family, and father and sets the vector for personal and creative development. Berlin embodies a “foreign,” “hostile,” “uncomfortable” space but helps to strengthen the values laid down in childhood and survive in exile, which is existentially meaningful. External restrictions contribute to the birth of internal freedom, allowing the hero to rise above social smallness, preserve his own dignity, determine the choice of authorities, and Express his own views in love and creativity.
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Williams, Jessica R. "A Pariah Among Parvenus: Anne Fischer and the Politics of South Africa's New Realism(s)." October 173 (September 2020): 143–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00406.

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While scholars have begun to explore the complex afterlives of “new realism” in Europe and the Americas following the collapse of Weimar democracy, its reception on the African continent has received far less attention. Looking to the unheralded documentary work that Anne Fischer, a German- Jewish refugee to Cape Town, produced in the early years of the Second World War, this essay examines how she and South African contemporary Constance Stuart Larrabee variously employed German modernist photographic aesthetics to both critique and uphold public fictions of race in the decade leading up to the advent of apartheid. In considering these women's work, the text sheds light on how issues of race, class, and gender inflected Fischer's experience of exile and, in turn, how she mobilized her lens in her new colonial context as a young pariah among parvenus
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Gall, Alfred. "The Novel as Third Space in the Struggle for One’s Own Place: Witold Gombrowicz’s Hidden Polemic with German Literature in „Pornografia”." Tematy i Konteksty specjalny 1(2020) (2020): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.spec.eng.2020.12.

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This paper deals with Gombrowicz’s novel „Pornografia” which can be interpreted as a third space where different literary discourses and philosophical concepts are interwoven. In this respect two German authors deserve special attention: Thomas Mann and Friedrich Nietzsche. It is the aim of this article to show to what extent Gombrowicz refers to the writings of these two authors in his attempt to establish himself as an important writer during his exile in Argentina. The novel „Pornografia” works in this respect as a sphere of interferences and a space of emerging hybridity, where Gombrowicz creates a special textuality consisting of hidden references to and even polemic with both Mann and Nietzsche. The notion of conflict is thus applicable in the description of Gombrowicz’s literary practice in this novel.
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Pisula, Anna. "Zesłańczy romantyzm lat 20. i 30. XIX wieku. Autokomentarze Tomasza Zana do nienapisanego romansu." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 55, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.694.

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The article analyses the texts of Tomasz Zan, written during his exile, in terms of the author's literary consciousness and, most importantly, his understanding of the concepts of “romanticism” and “romanticist”. Zan used these terms in the context of his own intellectual activity, which can be regarded as a manifestation of creative self-proclamation. Many of the philomath's literary opinions are voiced in reference to his own romance, which he planned for years but never completed. Analysing his diary and correspondence, it can be concluded that the author's opinions concerning Romanticism were typical of those of the early 1820s, manifested in his association of this literary trend with German authors, as well as with the romance genre. Zan's views on the literary arts may have been shaped by his cultural isolation in connection with his exile, which prevented the philomath from engaging in discussions concerning Romanticism. From Zan's reflections on literature, it can be concluded that the author considered the following characteristics of a literary work to be of particular importance: accuracy in reflecting the local aspects, the personal, autobiographical nature of the work, and the impact of inspiration.
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Ruta, Magdalena. "The Gulag of Poets: The Experience of Exile, Forced Labour Camps, and Wandering in the USSR in the Works of Polish-Yiddish Writers (1939–1949)." Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia 18 (2021): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843925sj.20.010.13878.

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The literary output of the Polish-Yiddish writers who survived WWII in the Soviet Union is mostly a literary mirror of the times of exile and wartime wandering. The two major themes that reverberate through these writings are: the refugees’ reflection on their stay in the USSR, and the Holocaust of Polish Jews. After the war, some of them described that period in their memoirs and autobiographical fiction, however, due to censorship, such accounts could only be published abroad, following the authors’ emigration from Poland. These writings significantly complement the texts produced during the war, offering plentiful details about life in Poland’s Eastern borderlands under Soviet rule as it was perceived by the refugees, or about the fate of specific persons in the subsequent wartime years. This literature, written in – and about – exile is not only an account of what was happening to Polish-Jewish refugees in the USSR, but also a testimony to their coping with an enormous psychological burden caused by the awareness (or the lack thereof) of the fate of Jews under Nazi German occupation. What emerges from all the literary texts published in post-war Poland, even despite the cuts and omissions caused by (self)-censorship, is an image of a postwar Jewish community affected by deep trauma, hurt and – so it seems – split into two groups: survivors in the East (vicarious witnesses), and survivors in Nazi-occupied Poland (direct victim witnesses). The article discusses on samples the necessity of extending and broadening of that image by adding to the reflection on Holocaust literature (which has been underway for many years) the reflection on the accounts of the experience of exile, Soviet forced labour camps, and wandering in the USSR contained in the entire corpus of literary works and memoirs written by Polish-Yiddish writers.
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GREENBERG, UDI. "ERNST CASSIRER'S MOMENT: PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICS." Modern Intellectual History 10, no. 1 (April 2013): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244312000431.

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The emergence of the German Jewish philosopher Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945) as the object of scholarly attention has been both surprising and rapid. In the decades since his early death while in exile in the United States, Cassirer never fell into complete oblivion. His works remained known to specialists in German intellectual history; his participation in a famous 1929 debate with Martin Heidegger in Davos, Switzerland, one of the most iconic moments in modern Continental thought, made his name familiar to most students of modern philosophy. Yet Cassirer lacked the widespread recognition given to contemporaries such as Heidegger or Walter Benjamin, and his work never became the center of historical or philosophical study. This neglect stemmed, in part, from dismissal by his peers; as Edward Skidelsky explains in his new study, Rudolf Carnap found him “rather pastoral,” Isaiah Berlin dismissed him as “serenely innocent,” and Theodor Adorno thought he was “totally gaga” (125). The last few years, however, have seen the rise of a remarkable new interest in Cassirer in both Germany and the English-speaking world. Among this recent literature, Edward Skidelsky's and Peter Gordon's works lead the small “Cassirer renaissance” and offer the best English-language introduction to his thought. Both Gordon and Skidelsky ambitiously seek to relocate Cassirer at the forefront of modern German and European thought. Gordon goes as far as to call him “one of the greatest philosophers and intellectual historians to emerge from the cultural ferment of modern Germany” and one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century (11). In making such bold statements, Gordon and Skidelsky clearly set their sights beyond the person himself; they aspire to highlight a central strand of thought that enjoyed a powerful presence in early twentieth-century Germany but fell into neglect in the postwar era. In doing so, they seek to reevaluate the nature and legacy of Weimar thought, its complex relationship with the period's unstable politics, and its relevance today.
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Zhang, Ruoyu. "China-Rezeption der jüdischen Emigranten in Shanghai am Beispiel von Kurt Lewin und Willy Tonn." Jahrbuch für Internationale Germanistik 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/ja531_91.

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Abstract This article explores the social-cultural, but little-known phenomenon based on German-language Shanghai Jewish exile publications: In the 1930s and 40s, these Jewish intellectuals, such as Kurt Lewin and Willy Tonn, fascinated by the Chinese culture, not only “studied” the enduring cultural essence of Chinese civilization that has survived and thrived for thousands of years, but they also “thought” about the common oriental virtues between Chinese and Jewish culture, to encourage the Jews in the Diaspora to bravely find the spiritual salvation, with a firm conviction that their culture will never die out in spite of a devastating blow by the Nazis.
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Arich-Gerz, Bruno. "Muffling the Fimbifimbi." Matatu 50, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05002001.

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Abstract After a South African air raid attack against the liberation-struggling independence movement of their parents, more than four hundred young Namibian refugees—preschoolers, primary school pupils and teenagers—arrived in the German Democratic Republic in 1979. This chapter evaluates representations of the deportation of the children and their experiences in the GDR by looking at (auto)biographical depictions. With regard to the question of whether their spectacular life stories have (co-)shaped the prevailing post-independence national narrative of Namibia or not, their own perspective yields both an unambiguous and, given the conditions under which they had been sent on their odyssey in the first place, surprising result. While the former exile children have ultimately been denied the privilege of being part of the country’s elite, they do not seem to resent their near invisibility in these self-images of the nation, and seem to have come to terms with their situation (and identity) as Africans with a German past.
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Myers, Sara. "The Metamorphosis of a Poet: Recent Work on Ovid." Journal of Roman Studies 89 (November 1999): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300740.

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It is by now obvious that Ovidian studies have ‘arrived’, apologies are no longer issued, nor are defences launched at the beginning of books. The nineties alone have seen so far the appearance of over fifty new books on Ovid in English, French, Italian, and German, and not just on the Metamorphoses, but on the Fasti, the Amores and Ars Amatoria, and the exile poetry, including the little known Ibis. Most importantly, there is a flourishing growth industry in commentaries on all of Ovid's works, with a greatly anticipated forthcoming commentary from Italy on the Metamorphoses authored by an international team, new Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics commentaries, including a recent excellent edition on Fasti 4 by Elaine Fantham (with an extremely useful and much-needed section on Ovid's style), the vastly learned commentaries of J. McKeown on the Amores, among others (all seemingly getting longer and longer). The appearance of a series of excellent English translations has made Ovid’s works more widely available for teaching. A number of companion volumes on Ovid are also forthcoming. N. Holzberg's recent impressive German introduction to Ovid evidently made the author, for a while at least, a sort of celebrity in Germany, and the book has already been reissued in a second edition. The rehabilitation of later Latin epic of the first century has more than anything served to place Ovid's work within a vigorous post-Vergilian literary tradition.
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Rabaté, Jean-Michel. "Three ‘Jacques’ for one ‘Hélène’ (or, how to build a Gnomon with No-One)." Paragraph 36, no. 2 (July 2013): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2013.0087.

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Starting from the various ways in which the name of James Joyce is evoked in Cixous's critical books and essays, I sketch her unique position as a writer between psychoanalysis (with Jacques Lacan) and philosophy (with Jacques Derrida). If James Joyce's last name can be translated as ‘Freud’ in German, if his first name can be variously Jim, James or even Jacques, then we may translate him into French as Jacques Joyeux. Taking my cue from varying strategies of address deployed in The Exile of James Joyce, I conclude by calling upon my own father, another Jacques, to provide a vignette that aims at replacing Joyce's gnomon between the psychoanalytic symptom and the deconstruction of the letter by the postcard.
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44

Kuhn, Tom. "Weimar on the Pacific: German Exile Culture in Los Angeles and the Crisis of Modernism by Ehrhard Bahr." Modern Language Review 105, no. 1 (2010): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2010.0229.

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45

Luckscheiter, Christian. "‘You do not become a European by choice but by necessity’: The Alsace border region and its opening up to Europe in the writings of Otto Flake, René Schickele and Hermann Wendel." Journal of European Studies 51, no. 3-4 (November 2021): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00472441211033390.

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The three writers Otto Flake, René Schickele and Hermann Wendel met in Straßburg in 1901. Together with other artists and writers they founded the group ‘Das jüngste Elsaß’ (also known as ‘Der Stürmerkreis’). One of the purposes of this artistic group was to shed the ‘hybrid state’ of Alsace as a border region and instead urge that Alsace take on a mediating role in a future united Europe. Their pacifist European approach, which they adhered to during World War I and later on in exile, originated from controversial debates emerging from the extreme tensions caused by German and French nationalism. The three writers viewed Alsace as a symbol of Europe. For their ‘border literature’ Europe offered the possibility of refraining from the concept of nationhood, which is based on homogeneity and therefore violent exclusion, something in which they did not find themselves represented.
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46

Holquist, Michael. "Forgetting Our Name, Remembering Our Mother." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, no. 7 (December 2000): 1975–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463620.

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It is notoriously the case that there is no satisfactory English equivalent for the German Literaturwissenschaft or the Russian literaturovedenie. On the cusp of a new millennium, we are a profession that cannot say its name. This onomastic homelessness is reflected in the spate of recent books that mention borders in their titles, such as the MLA's own Redrawing the Boundaries, edited by Stephen Greenblatt and Giles Gunn, or Giovanna Franci's Remapping the Boundaries. The suggestion in each is that the comfortable boundaries of our old disciplinary territory have eroded: we have somehow lost our place. If our profession were a person, it would be an orphan in exile. This condition is also legible in the current broad interest in the history of our profession's formation. There is increasing—and increasingly urgent—concern to know who we are and how we got here.
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Midgley, David, Henry William Katz, and Ena Pedersen. "Writer on the Run: German-Jewish Identity and the Experience of Exile in the Life and Work of Henry William Katz." Modern Language Review 97, no. 4 (October 2002): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3738719.

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48

Yoon, Hyewon. "Practice in Color: Gisèle Freund in Paris." October 173 (September 2020): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00402.

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This essay examines the work of German-French photographer Gisèle Freund during the interwar years, with special focus on her volte-face from black-and-white depictions of the collective subject of political demonstrations in pre-exile Frankfurt to color portraits of individual French intellectuals after her arrival in Paris. Pivoting around the short period between 1938 and 1940, when using color became the standard rhetorical maneuver of Freund's portrait series, this essay will trace the photographer's change in practice as a response to the mounting crisis within France's Popular Front and its aesthetic strategies in the face of the rise of fascism. One of the essay's claims is that Freund turned color photography from a material and commercial commodity into the emblem of an alternative, mass-mediated culture—the culture of Americanism—that she, like many European intellectuals of the 1920s, imagined capable of competing with and ultimately countering the fascist mobilization of spectacle.
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49

Prytoliuk, Svitlana. "German Magical Realism as a Manifestation of “Internal Emigration”: The Problem of Coherence of Concepts." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 105 (October 28, 2022): 172–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2022.105.172.

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The article examines the problem of “internal emigration” in German literature and its connection with “German magical realism”, highlights the history of the origin and study of the term and trends in its interpretation in different historical periods from the mid-forties to modern times. The paper notes that most works of “magical realism” were unfairly on the periphery of the literary process because they were written during Hitler’s dictatorship. The author of the article states a certain categorical disparity in the definition and classification of works of “magical realism”, when not formal and aesthetic features are considered, but political and historical criteria. The rhetoric of the “Great Discussion” not only actualized, but also strengthened the pejorative nature of the phrase “internal emigration”. The controversy over the definition of the concept and its conceptual content has led to the fact that “internal emigration” was perceived as a manifestation of adaptation, self-justification and unwillingness to admit guilt. The semantics of the term, however, is changing along with scholars’ efforts to shed light on this controversial discourse. The writers’s being in “internal emigration” not only removes the question of the legitimacy of their work, but also opens a new layer for scientific research, in particular, study of the use of techniques of covert writing and means of expression of alienation. The works of German magical realism with the characteristic expansion of reality in their genre through the creation of unreal dimensions can be considered as a certain expression of internal exile. The metaphorical nature of the texts can be seen as a manifestation of introspective self-immersion of the authors, an expression of their separation from the political system and solitude in the inner world. The author of the article suggests that there is a certain coherence between German magical realism and the phenomenon of “internal emigration”. Hermeneutic analysis of the works of the authors of “internal emigration”, representatives of German “magical realism” must include a study of the historical context and autobiography of the writer.
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Patsch, Hermann. "Ludwig von Mühlenfels als Advocatus Schleiermacheri. Ein Nachtrag zu: Der unpfäffische Schleiermacher. Karl Gutzkow und das Schleiermacher-Bild des Jungen Deutschlands – Zur Konstruktion eines Gegenmythos (JHMTh/ZNThG 24, 2017, 240–299)." Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 25, no. 1-2 (May 25, 2018): 235–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znth-2018-0010.

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Abstract Ludwig von Mühlenfels as Advocatus Schleiermacheri. An addendum. The editorial copy of the “Allgemeine Zeitung” has survived in the Cotta-Archive with the names of the contributors. This has made it possible to identify belatedly the author of the apologia “Another word about Schleiermacher” in the “Außerordentliche Beilage der Allgemeinen Zeitung” (Augsburg) of April 2, 1834. It was Ludwig Friedrich von Mühlenfels (1793–1861). Mühlenfels, who led a rather varied life, was related to Schleiermacher’s wife Henriette, and thus belonged to Schleiermacher’s extended family. (1) Member of Lützow’s Freicorps. On Schleiermacher’s suggestion, Mühlenfels participated in the war of liberation against Napoleon as a volunteer with the “Black Hunters”, in the end in the so-called Battle of the Nations at Leipzig. He finished the study of law in 1816 and, on probation, joined the prosecutor’s office in Cologne where the French legal code was still in force. (2) Incarcerated as a demagogue under the investigating judge E. T. A. Hoffmann. Mühlenfels became one of the formative figures in the early history of German fraternities and participated in the Wartburg Festival in October 1817. He was arrested in July 1819 by the authorities in Berlin, charged with activities as a demagogue and incarcerated in Berlin on September 17. Mühlenfels contested the jurisdiction of the authorities in Berlin and refused to testify. The investigative judge was the writer and composer E. T. A. Hoffmann who wanted to have Mühlenfels released, and who later used him as a literary figure in a satirical novel. (3) Flight from Berlin – Exile in Sweden. On May 5, 1821, Mühlenfels succeeded in fleeing to Sweden where he made a meagerly living as a private tutor. (4) Professor for German and Scandinavian Literature in London – Return to Prussia. In October 1827, Mühlenfels reached London. Supported by some German scholars, he obtained the Chair for German and Scandinavian at the newly founded University College. He taught there until 1831 and publishedseveral textbooks. When he was acquitted by a court ruling in 1830, he returned to the Prussian public service in August 1831 and gradually built a solid career. (5) The defender of Schleiermacher. His apologia of Schleiermacher written in opposition to the obituary by Gutzkow is a masterpiece of literary and legal writing. – First publication: Six letters between Mühlenfels, Henriette and Friedrich Schleiermacher, and Georg Andreas Reimer.
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