Academic literature on the topic 'German Core Executive'
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Journal articles on the topic "German Core Executive":
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Goetz, Klaus H. "Acquiring Political Craft: Training Grounds for Top Officials in the German Core Executive." Public Administration 75, no. 4 (January 1997): 753–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00085.
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Walzenbach, G. P. E. "Convergent co‐ordination patterns in the French and German core executive: The case of the BSE crisis." West European Politics 22, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402389908425316.
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Balcerek-Kosiarz, Marta. "Nowy kierunek badań ewolucji modeli samorządu terytorialnego w Niemczech z perspektywy procesu komunalizacji i dekomunalizacji." Polityka i Społeczeństwo 18, no. 2 (2020): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2020.2.7.
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to indicate a new direction of research on the evolution of system models of local self-government in Germany in the perspective of communalization and de-communalization. Communalization can be used to explain legal regulations of a local government, which are similar to the South German model and, on the other hand, to explain how analogous regulations that strengthen the role of the legislative body, both in the municipal self-government and in the county self-government, function in the same federal states. De-communalization enables to investigate the role of starosta (Starost) in the organizational structure of county self-government. The core result of the study is the fact that on the basis of the three research criteria (geographic, historic, and the range of relations between legislative and executive bodies) the process of communalization of municipal self-governments and county self-governments in 11 federal states has been duly corroborated.
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Brenner, Hans D., Bettina Hodel, Ruth Genner, Volker Roder, and Patrick W. Corrigan. "Biological and Cognitive Vulnerability Factors in Schizophrenia: Implications for Treatment." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, S18 (October 1992): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000297195.
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Cognitive disorders have long assumed a central position in describing the pathognomonic characteristics of schizophrenia. Kraepelin's (1902) and Bleuler's (1911) uniquely innovative descriptions of attentional dysfunctions and associational loosening in thought processes laid the groundwork for the concept of basic disorder devised by authors who embraced a phenomenological approach to psychopathology in German-speaking countries (Huber, 1983; Janzarik, 1983), and for experimental research endeavours in English-speaking countries to identify a ‘core psychological deficit’ in schizophrenia (Lang & Buss, 1965). Recent research has identified specific information-processing deficits in affected individuals. These include (a) problems with elementary functions such as selective attention towards relevant stimuli and sustained attention over prolonged periods of time (Oltmanns & Neale, 1975; Nuechterlein, 1977); (b) problems with more complex functions such as encoding and recognition of familiar cues, storing information for future retrieval, or drawing deductive or analogous conclusions from available information (Broga & Neufeld, 1981; Brenner, 1983; Nuechterlein & Dawson, 1984b); and (c) problems with executive functions and response selection (Broen & Storms, 1967; Weinberger et al, 1986, 1988).
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Luttermann, Karin. "Verständliche Semantik in schriftlichen Kommunikationsformen." Fachsprache 32, no. 3-4 (May 31, 2017): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v32i3-4.1395.
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The paper Comprehensible semantics in written forms of communication deals with the comprehensibility of legal semantics in written legal communication for legal experts andlay persons. The Comprehensibility Model of Legal Language is in the tradition of linguistic pragmatics and exemplifies the language use in German product liability law which belongsto the core of consumer protection in everyday economic transactions. This includes lexemes such as ‘Fehler’ (error), ‘Produkt’ (product), ‘Sache’ (object) or ‘Mangel’ (defect) which occur both in expert as well as in non-expert situations of use.Intersections in the semantic explication between legal experts and laypersons as well as communicative problems of legal laypersons are determined. The linguistic problems must besolved in interdisciplinary committees of linguists and legal experts: e.g., in the editorial team Legal Language in the German Federal Ministry of Justice or in an European Competence Center for language and the law. The Comprehensibility Model aims at comprehensible communication of the law, in order to implement the concept of linguistic democracy. It works in the horizon of the recipient. This designates adequacy with regard to object and addressee for the production and reception of legal texts.The methodological basis is multiperspectivity: with the theory pattern, the empirical pattern, the results pattern and the comparison pattern. This leads to new possibilities for research on language for special purposes, transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries, as well as to new, practically relevant professional fields for students of Applied Linguistics (e.g., legal editor, executive consultant).
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Krüper, Julian. "Strukturprobleme des Glücksspielrechts." Die Verwaltung 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 37–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/verw.54.1.37.
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Comprised of a plurality of legal actors and powered by a highly polarised social and legal discourse, German gambling law provides a framework for the ever booming gambling market. It is challenged by digitalization and by the internationalization of gambling. In addition, it faces adverse regulatory impulses, ranging from liberalization to a firm regulatory grasp within a couple of years. On the one hand, it purports to offer a sufficiently attractive supply of gambling products in order to draw the public into legal forms and away from illegal forms of gambling. On the other hand, its regulatory objective seeks to fence in and suppress the gambling urges of the population. On the whole, German gambling law is characterized by three, legally and factually interdependent problems. First, it needs to come up with a practical, inclusive and dynamic legal definition of its subject-matter, i. e.: what counts as legally relevant gambling? Second, it needs to define, maintain and implement larger objectives in regard to a target audience that do not overburden the executive und judicial branch with the need to reconcile contradicting regulatory impulses. Finally, it needs to guarantee a sufficient degree of implementation, which is achieved by combination of rational and high-quality legislation, adequate resources, and the necessary political will. Gambling law in Germany lacks these features to varying degrees. It, therefore, increasingly falls prey to mere legal symbolism that pretends to govern the gambling market much more than it actually does. The constitutional distribution of legislative and executive competencies in favor of the German Länder (“states”) is largely insufficient. Governing gambling in an international and highly digitalized market requires federal legislation and execution. The German federal authorities should consider federalizing gambling law by means of Art. 72 II GG and creating a federal gambling agency on the basis of Art. 87 III GG.
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Poarch, Gregory J., Jan Vanhove, and Raphael Berthele. "The effect of bidialectalism on executive function." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 2 (March 29, 2018): 612–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918763132.
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Aims and objectives: We investigate how varying usage patterns in speakers of closely related language varieties might impact executive function. More specifically, bidialectals with more balanced usage were predicted to show better inhibitory control than less balanced bidialectals. Design: Thirty-four adult bidialectals of Standard German and Swabian German performed two executive function tasks (flanker and Simon). Data and analysis: The participants’ reaction times on the two executive function tasks were analysed using regression models. Data and R code are available online. Findings: Contrary to predictions, Swabian-dominant bidialectals showed smaller flanker and Simon effects than balanced German-Swabian bidialectals. Furthermore, contrary to some previous studies, executive function task performances correlated significantly. Originality: We discuss how bidialectal language usage patterns can be assessed and how arbitrary analytical decisions affect findings regarding the effects of bidialectalism on executive function. Significance: These findings shed a new light on the effects of bilingualism/bidialectalism on executive function.
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Werner, Joerg Richard, and Jochen Zimmermann. "Disclosure of individualized executive compensation figures: An empirical analysis of compliance with the German corporate governance code." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 1 (2006): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i1p8.
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From 2002 to 2005, the German Corporate Governance Code advised that stock listed companies should (voluntarily) disclose individualized executive compensation figures. In a sample of big publicly traded German companies, we examine which determinants drive firms to comply with that “soft law” requirement. Using a probit model, we consider 15 explanatory variables. We find that block-holdings, average executive remuneration, book-to-market ratio and the percentage of union representatives in the supervisory board significantly decrease the likelihood of disclosures on individualized executive compensation numbers. Firm size, the absolute number of supervisory board members and the presence of takeover activity turn out as having a significant positive influence on the disclosure behavior. Additionally, we find that it was less likely in 2002 that individualized remuneration figures were published, indicating that Code recommendations are considered as more binding than Code suggestions.
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Bachmann, Christian. "Executives with customer experience: wish and reality – the mantra of customer orientation." Strategic Direction 30, no. 5 (April 8, 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-02-2014-0022.
Abstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to describe the gap between the “customer orientation” as generally pretended by corporate top executives, and the actual focus of their respective officer mandates. It also aims to outline an alternative scenario in which “each and every executive board member is directly responsible for a given customer group or sales area”. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzes the mandates of all executive board members of the 100 corporations stock-listed in Germany and Switzerland at DAX, MDAX and SMI index (as per annual reports and corporate homepages, on May 17, 2013). This study assumes that if customer orientation is a corporate core principle, then all officers will spend significant time with direct customer interaction and will have explicit responsibility for customers, sales markets or regions. Findings – Only about half of the analyzed (approximately 700) chief officers are directly responsible for sales markets or key accounts. The remaining half, instead, is heading mainly “functional” divisions (e.g. technology, legal). The proposed alternative scenario is outlined with its major practical implications. Practical implications – This study assumes that responsibility for client satisfaction and commercial success is systematically spread across all executive board members. Then corporate strategies are, by default, customer-oriented. Top management’s first-hand qualified customer experience helps them sizing their functional strategies. Such optimized functional strategies support the company’s market success – far from being trapped by silo mentality, or from becoming a goal in itself. Originality/value – This study approximates the ambivalence of “customer orientation” in real business practice as opposed to wish, and shifts responsibility to all top executives for putting credible customer orientation into practice.
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Hofweber, Julia, Theodoros Marinis, and Jeanine Treffers-Daller. "Effects of dense code-switching on executive control." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 6, no. 5 (June 24, 2016): 648–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15052.hof.
Abstract:
Abstract Bilingualism is reported to re-structure executive control networks, but it remains unknown which aspects of the bilingual experience cause this modulation. This study explores the impact of three code-switching types on executive functions: (1) alternation, (2) insertion, and (3) dense code-switching or congruent lexicalisation. Current models hypothesise that different code-switching types challenge different aspects of the executive system because they vary in the extent and scope of language separation. Two groups of German-English bilinguals differing in dense code-switching frequency participated in a flanker task under conditions varying in degree of trial-mixing and resulting demands to conflict-monitoring. Bilinguals engaging in more dense code-switching showed inhibitory advantages in the condition requiring most conflict-monitoring. Moreover, dense code-switching frequency correlated positively with monitoring skills. This suggests that dense code-switching is a key experience shaping bilinguals’ executive functioning and highlights the importance of controlling for participants’ code-switching habits in bilingualism research.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "German Core Executive":
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Ebinger, Falk, Nicolas Lux, Christoph Kintzinger, and Benjamin Garske. "Die Deutsche Verwaltungselite der Regierungen Brandt bis Merkel II. Herkunft, Zusammensetzung und Politisierung der Führungskräfte in den Bundesministerien." Prof. Dr. Sylvia Veit u.a, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v11i2.01.
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Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Befunde der Elitestudie Politisch-Administrative Elite 2013 (PAE 2013) über Zusammensetzung und Politisierung der bundesdeutschen Verwaltungseliten. Diese vierte nationale Replikation der Comparative Elite Studies zum Ende der 17. Legislaturperiode bringt überraschende Entwicklungen ans Licht: Hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung des Personals schreitet zwar die Feminisierung auch auf den Leitungsebenen fort und eine Berufsvererbung kann nicht mehr festgestellt werden, allerdings erlebt die Juristendominanz mit erstmals seit Jahrzehnten steigenden Werten ein Wiedererstarken. Der Grad an formaler Politisierung überrascht: Trotz des Verbleibs der CDU/CSU an der Macht findet ein umfassender Personalaustausch statt. Diese teils im Widerspruch zu etablierten Trends und Theorien stehenden Entwicklungen zeigen, dass das Feld der administrativen Elitenforschung auch zukünftig besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient.
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Jann, Werner, and Sylvia Veit. "Politicisation of administration or bureaucratisation of politics? : The case of Germany." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4516/.
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Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Frage, ob sich eine wachsende Politisierung der Ministerialbürokratie und eine zunehmende Bürokratisierung der Politik in einer Hybridisierung der Karriereverläufe von Spitzenbeamten und Exekutivpolitikern auf Bundes- und Landesebene in Deutschland nachweisen lässt.Switches between political and administrative positions seem to be quite common in today’s politics, or at least not so unusual any longer. Nevertheless, up-to-date empirical studies on this issue are lacking. This paper investigates the presumption, that in recent years top bureaucrats have become more politicised, while at the same time more politicians stem from a bureaucratic background, by looking at the career paths of both. For this purpose, we present new empirical evidence on career patterns of top bureaucrats and executive politicians both at Federal and at Länder level. The data was collected from authorized biographies published at the websites of the Federal and Länder ministries for all Ministers, Parliamentary State Secretaries and Administrative State Secretaries who held office in June 2009.
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Yang, Hao-Chieh, and 楊皓潔. "Investigating the Issue of the Execution of Illegal Orders by Military Personnel under the Concept of Zumutbarkeit-Taking the “Mauerschützen” Case in Germany as Core Material-." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06953125807437749199.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
96
The conclusion of this thesis will be as follows. The standard to estimate the “Possibility of Expectation (Zumutbarkeit)” under the Criminal Law should be “when people at the point of the time to act, the incentive not to offense the Criminal Law is much smaller than the incentive to take that action, and we can’t expect people to take that legal action. We can affirm that to expect people taking a legal action at that point is impossible.” According to the “Mauerschützen” Case in Germany”, under the milieu of East Germany totalitarian despotism where the nation strongly implanted ideology concept to their people, the frontier guard received socialism education which accentuated the importance of royalty to their nation. In addition, the frontier guard in the military was at the lowest position and had no right or power to make any decision.Therefore, when we think about the milieu at that time and the frontier guard’s position in the military, the action to shot the escaped citizens should be considered that the action didn’t offense the Criminal Law because there was no “Possibility of Expectation (Zumutbarkeit)” to ask the frontier guard to take a legal action not to shot the citizens.
Book chapters on the topic "German Core Executive":
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Paulus, Andreas L. "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Italian Concerns Between Constitutional Rights and International Law." In Remedies against Immunity?, 337–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_18.
Abstract:
AbstractSentenza 238/2014 has led to a sharp dissonance between the international law of state immunity as interpreted by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and Italian constitutional law as understood and applied by the Corte Costituzionale. While the interpretation and application by the Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) of the access-to-courts provision in the Italian Constitution may not have been inevitable, this does not remove the need for finding a solution to the stalemate between international and domestic law. On the one hand, the easy solution, namely that the rejection of German state immunity from jurisdiction does not necessarily remove immunity from execution into German property, appears unlikely to be accepted by the ItCC because it would give stones rather than bread to the complainants and render court access a futile exercise. On the other hand, bringing Sentenza to its logical conclusion would result in Italy having to return to Germany what Italian courts took from her by requiring compensation—either by way of the general international law of restitutio in integrum, which the Corte Costituzionale has neither contemplated nor contradicted, or by way of the 1961 Treaty between Germany and Italy in which Italy promises to indemnify Germany against any further claims. Thus, a compromise would have to distinguish between full access to the Italian courts notwithstanding international immunity—as required by the ItCC—and substantive law, which could accept a more symbolical recognition of the suffering of the victims. That recognition could stem from a direct source other than the two states involved, such as a common fund, and address only the small group of immediate victims who were unjustly, if arguably legally, excluded from the previous compensation scheme of the 1960s. It is by no means certain, however, whether such an outcome would be acceptable to all sides—including the Corte itself. Thus, legal certainty would have to be established as quickly as possible so that the victims can still receive at least symbolic compensation.
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Palchetti, Paolo. "Right of Access to (Italian) Courts über alles? Legal Implications Beyond Germany’s Jurisdictional Immunity." In Remedies against Immunity?, 39–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_2.
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AbstractThe main consequence of Sentenza 238/2014 is that Germany has been denied jurisdictional immunities before Italian courts. However, the inflexible conception of the right of access to courts adopted by the Corte Costituzionale gives rise to a number of questions that go well beyond the issue at stake in Judgment 238/2014. First, there is the issue of whether the right of access to justice should also prevail over the international customary rule on immunity from execution. Secondly, one may ask whether the need to protect the right provided by Article 24 of the Italian Constitution could trump the criteria established by Italian law for exercising civil jurisdiction in order to allow access to justice in respect to all international crimes, even those committed outside Italian territory and involving individuals having no link to Italy. Finally, there is the question of whether a sacrifice of the right of access to justice would be justified if alternative, non-judicial means of redress were available to the victims; in particular, whether an alternative means of redress should in any case ensure to each and every individual victim full compensation or whether instead, in light of the specific circumstances of the case—the fact that the crimes occurred in the course of an international armed conflict affecting hundreds of thousands of victims—such alternative means could provide only symbolic compensation based on a lump sum settlement. This chapter aims at exploring these and possibly other issues arising in connection to the broad interpretation of the principle of access to justice given by the Corte Costituzionale.
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Boggero, Giovanni, and Karin Oellers-Frahm. "Between Cynicism and Idealism: Is the Italian Constitutional Court Passing the Buck to the Italian Judiciary?" In Remedies against Immunity?, 281–309. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_15.
Abstract:
AbstractIn this chapter we focus on the consequences of Sentenza 238/2014 for the Italian judiciary. The judgment of the Corte Costituzionale obliges the Italian tribunals to admit claims for the reparation of victims or the heirs of victims and to decide on the merits. In this context, a series of difficult legal questions arise that require consistent answers. The practice shows, however, that consistent answers cannot be taken for granted as long as the decision is in the hands of lower-level tribunals. The questions to be solved concern, firstly, who can bring a claim: the victims only or—in cases where they are no longer alive—also their spouses, children, or even grandchildren and other family members? This raises a second question namely whether there is any time limit for bringing claims, which of course touches upon more general concerns, such as intertemporal law, statutory limitations, prescriptions, forfeiture and inadmissibility due to reparation agreements. Thirdly, there is the question as to the specific nature of the reparations: for example, financial reparations and their calculation standards, or satisfaction only? A further question arising from all decisions granting reparation relates to the execution of the judgments, as it seems rather illusory that Germany will comply voluntarily with such judgments. An additional aspect the chapter addresses is the broader impact of the decisions of the Italian judiciary: the non-recognition of state immunity before Italian tribunals will make Italy an attractive forum for similar claims, evidence of which has already emerged. Furthermore, the decisions of the tribunals will serve—although certainly involuntarily—as precedents in similar cases not only in Italy. Such effects will concern issues such as (a) the reparation of war-related claims on an individual basis and (b) their consequences for the readiness of states to terminate armed activities by concluding peace treaties and reparation agreements on a lump sum basis. With a view to actual armed conflicts that are mostly not international armed conflicts the question has then to be asked (c) whether individual reparation claims will lead to discriminatory consequences as reparation will probably only be realizable for victims of war crimes committed by state organs and not those committed by non-state actors. The chapter will then conclude by trying to assess more in general the task of constitutional and/or supreme courts to balance the consequences flowing from their decisions against their power or intent to enhance the development of (international) law.
Conference papers on the topic "German Core Executive":
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Gebremedhin, Mahder, Afshin Hemmati Moghadam, Peter Fritzson, and Kristian Stavåker. "A Data-Parallel Algorithmic Modelica Extension for Efficient Execution on Multi-Core Platforms." In 9th International MODELICA Conference, Munich, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp12076393.
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Arians, Robert, Simone Arnold, Christian Mueller, Claudia Quester, and Dagmar Sommer. "Effects of External Grid Disturbances to Nuclear Power Plants." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60563.
Abstract:
The reliability of the auxiliary power supply of a nuclear power plant (NPP) is of high importance for safe operation. The loss of the electrical power supply is one of the major contributions to the calculated core damage frequency in probabilistic safety assessments. Among others, the events in Forsmark in 2006 [1] and 2012 [2] as well as in Byron in 2012 [3] illustrate that disturbances in the external power grid can propagate into the NPP and have an impact on the safety important electrical equipment. Therefore, the grid reliability contributes considerably to the reliability of the auxiliary power supply. In the research work presented in this paper the international operating experience has been evaluated concerning events which include disturbance in the external grid to discover those types of grid disturbances which may have influence on the safe operation of the NPPs. The identified events have then been categorized within a developed classification scheme to determine those with the highest relevance. Based on this scheme representative scenarios of grid disturbances have been developed. The investigation of the impact of the developed scenarios on the electrical equipment of NPPs will be performed using a grid analysis, planning and optimization tool which also allows executing dynamic simulations of electrical grids [4]. Therefore, a generalized auxiliary power supply of a pressurized water reactor was modeled according to German NPPs of the type Konvoi. In this paper, an overview of the developed scenarios of grid disturbances and the actual status of the simulation of the auxiliary power supply of NPPs is presented.