Journal articles on the topic 'German Australia Case studies'
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Caple, Helen, Kate Greenwood, and Catharine Lumby. "What League? The Representation of Female Athletes in Australian Television Sports Coverage." Media International Australia 140, no. 1 (August 2011): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1114000117.
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This article explores why women's sport in Australia still struggles to attract sponsorship and mainstream media coverage despite evidence of high levels of participation and on-field successes. Data are drawn from the largest study of Australian print and television coverage of female athletes undertaken to date in Australia, as well as from a case study examining television coverage of the success of the Matildas, the Australian women's national football team, in winning the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Women's Asian Cup in 2010. This win was not only the highest ever accolade for any Australian national football team (male or female), but also guaranteed the Matildas a place in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup in Germany [where they reached the quarter-finals]. Given the close association between success on the field, sponsorship and television exposure, this article focuses specifically on television reporting. We present evidence of the starkly disproportionate amounts of coverage across this section of the news media, and explore the circular link between media coverage, sponsorship and the profile of women's sport.
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Milosavljevic, Boris. "„Philosophy is dead”: Kajica Milanov on dialectical and historical materialism." Theoria, Beograd 65, no. 2 (2022): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2202017m.
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Kajica Milanov (1905-1986) was educated in Vienna, Belgrade and Berlin. He taught philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Belgrade). During World War II Milanov was in German captivity. Afther the war Milanov was asked to teach philosophy in the spirit of Marxism. Because of the political pressure he had to emigrate to Austria, and eventually to Australia (1949). In 1954 Milanov became a Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy in Hobart, University of Tasmania (UTAS). At that time the most notorious scandal in the history of Australian philosophy broke out (Orr case). In that troubled period Milanov managed to keep alive studies at the Philosophy department (1956-1969), with which he has been credited today. He continued to work at the same department as a Senior Lecturer until 1975. Milanov had authored several books and special publications.
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Collins, Felicity, Chris Healy, and Susannah Radstone. "Provincializing memory studies: The insistence of the ‘here-now’." Memory Studies 13, no. 5 (September 17, 2020): 848–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698020946415.
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This essay responds to Astrid Erll’s question about what it might mean to do memory studies in different parts of the world. We offer a response from the perspective of three researchers based in Australia. Focused on a season-opening gala performance, a photographic series, a site-specific protest, and a film that takes a choir from Central Australia to Germany, the essay tracks the emergence, in culture, of something we term the ‘here-now’. The essay argues that this ‘here-now’ belongs neither to historical temporality’s linear time-line, nor to the cosmology of an unsullied Indigenous culture – and cannot easily be addressed in the language of memory studies. Taking our lead from four case studies, we try to find words for what it is that the ‘here-now’ makes present, as it emerges in the artworks and events we discuss. We find that the ‘here-now’s’ ordering of place/time insistently evokes a yet-to-be realized Australia, while prompting recognition of the hard truths that still stand in its way.
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Tavra, Marina, Vlado Cetl, and Tea Duplančić Leder. "A Framework for Evaluation of Marine Spatial Data Geoportals Using Case Studies." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2015-0002.
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Abstract Need for a Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) as a component of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is widely recognized. An MSDI is relevant not only for hydrographers and government planners, but also for many other sectors which takes interest in marine spatial data, whether they are data users, data providers, or data managers [9]. An MSDI encompasses marine and coastal geographic and business information. For efficient use of Marine Spatial Data, it is necessary to ensure its valid and accessible distribution. A geoportal is a specialized web portal for sharing spatial information at different levels over the Internet. This paper re-examines the implementation of an MSDI and what it means for data custodians and end users. Several geoportals are reviewed (German and Australian) to determine their web services functionality, capabilities and the scope to which they support the sharing and reuse of Marine Spatial Data to assist the development of the Croatian MSDI Geoportal. This framework provides a context for better understanding the information bases on spatial data standards and a tool for evaluation of MSDI dissemination - Geoportal.
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Light, Richard L., Stephen Harvey, and Daniel Memmert. "Why children join and stay in sports clubs: case studies in Australian, French and German swimming clubs." Sport, Education and Society 18, no. 4 (July 2013): 550–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.594431.
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Seip, Christian, and Ralf Bill. "A Framework for the Evaluation of Marine Spatial Data Infrastructures – Accompanied by International Case-Studies." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0015.
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Abstract Germany is currently developing a marine data infrastructure addressing different topics such as coastal engineering, hydrography and surveying, protection of the marine environment, maritime conservation, regional planning, and coastal research. This undertaking is embedded in a series of regulations and developments at many administrative levels, from which specifications and courses of action are derived. To set up a conceptual framework for the marine data infrastructure of Germany (MDI-DE), scientists at the Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics at the Rostock University are building a reference model, evaluating meta-information systems and developing models to support common workflows in marine applications. Evaluating how other countries built their marine spatial infrastructures is important to learn where obstacles and errors are likely to occur. To be able to look at other initiatives from a neutral point of view, it is necessary to construct a framework for evaluating marine spatial data infrastructures (MSDI). This framework is then used to analyse and evaluate the efforts of Canada, Australia, and Ireland with respect to marine data infrastructures.
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Gremminger, Nicolas, and Jörg Risse. "The Truth About Investment Arbitration (not only) under TTIP Four Case Studies." ASA Bulletin 33, Issue 3 (September 1, 2015): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2015040.
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In the course of the negotiations between the European Union and the United States about the “Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership” (TTIP) the aspects of investment protection and investment arbitration have attracted much press attention. They have become key targets of criticism and massive attacks. Investment arbitration has been depicted as some obscure and undemocratic mechanism that helps rich companies to exploit poor countries. The discussion has become so agitated that oftentimes the underlying facts got out of sight. The goal of the present article therefore is to shed some light on these facts and thereby trace the heated discussion back to an objective, sober-minded level. The authors explain in a step-by-step approach how investment protection in bilateral/multilateral investment treaties works and what standard principles of protection these treaties typically grant to foreign investors (e.g. no direct/indirect expropriation without compensation; no discrimination against foreign investors; the duty to accord fair and equitable treatment to foreign investors). These legal basics are then filled with life by the illustration of four publicly known investment arbitration case studies: Adem Dogan v. Turkmenistan, Philip Morris v. Australia, Vattenfall v. Germany and Walter Bau v. Thailand. The authors conclude that much of the current criticism is unfounded as it ignores factual realities and new developments in international investment arbitration.
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Mallitt, K. A., P. O'Rourke, J. N. Bouwes Bavinck, D. Abeni, M. N. C. de Koning, M. C. W. Feltkamp, A. C. Green, et al. "An analysis of clustering of betapapillomavirus antibodies." Journal of General Virology 91, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 2062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.017970-0.
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Betapapillomaviruses (βPVs) may contribute to the aetiology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, no high-risk types have yet been identified, possibly because the high frequency of co-infection prevents a straightforward analysis of the independent effects of individual viruses. This study aimed to determine whether specific virus types were more likely to co-occur than others, thereby reducing the number of parameters needed in statistical models. Antibody data were analysed from controls who participated in case–control studies in The Netherlands, Italy and Australia and from participants in the German Nutrition Survey. Cluster analysis and two ordination techniques were used to identify patterns. Evidence of clustering was found only according to the number of viruses to which antibodies were detected. The lack of clustering of specific viral types identified suggests that if there are βPV types that are independently related to skin carcinogenesis, they are unlikely to be identified using standard epidemiological methods.
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Bernal, Henrique de Moraes, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Fernando Adami, and Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos. "Trends in case-fatality rates of COVID-19 in the World, between 2019 - 2020." Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.11063.
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Introduction: CoV infections can potentially cause from a simple cold to a severe respiratory syndrome, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). The COVID-19 created a new reality for global healthcare models. Objetive: To evaluate trends in case fatality rates of COVID-19 in the World. Methods: We conducted a population based time-series study using public and official data of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Nigeria, Peru, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States and Russian, between December, 2019 and August, 2020. Data were based on reports from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID-19 was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (U07.1). A Prais-Winsten regression model was performed and the Daily Percentage Change (DPC) calculated determine rates as increasing, decreasing or flat. Results: During the study period, trends in case-fatality rates in the world were flat (DPC = 0.3; CI 95% [-0.2: 0.7]; p = 0.225). In Africa, Morocco had decreasing trends (DPC = -1.1; CI 95% [-1.5: -0.7]; p < 0.001), whereas it were increasing in South Africa (p < 0.05) and flat in Nigeria (p > 0.05). In the Americas, Argentina showed a decreasing trend in case-fatality rates (DPC = -0.6; CI 95% [-1.1: -0.2]; p = 0.005), the U.S. had flat trends (p > 0.05) and all other American countries had increasing trends (p < 0.05). In Asia, Iran had decreasing trends (DPC = -1.5; CI 95% [-2.6 : -0.2]; p = 0.019); China and Saudi Arabia showed increasing trends (p < 0.05), while in India, Japan and South Korea they were flat (p > 0.05). European countries had mostly increasing trends (p < 0.05): Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and Russia; France and Switzerland had flat trends (p > 0.05). Finally, in Oceania, trends in case-fatality rates were flat in Australia (p > 0.05) and increasing in New Zealand (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Trends in case-fatality rates of COVID-19 in the World were flat between December, 31 and August, 31. Argentina, Iran and Morocco were the only countries with decreasing trends. On the other hand, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, China, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, Russian and New Zealand had increasing trends in case-fatality rate. All the other countries analyzed had flat trends. Based on case-fatality rate data, our study supports that COVID-19 pandemic is still in progress worldwide.
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Wüstenberg, Jenny. "Dark Pedagogies in Comparative Perspective: Remembering Institutional Child Abuse." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.13.2.55.
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This article sketches three cases of institutional child abuse in different historical contexts and places—St. Michael’s Residential School in Alert Bay (Canada), Parramatta Girls’ Home in Sydney (Australia), and the Closed Juvenile Detention Center in Torgau (German Democratic Republic). I propose Katharina Rutschky’s concept of “dark pedagogy” to analyze the striking similarities in the methods and justification of treatment of children, in the experiences that survivors describe, and in the nature of commemoration. This concept can help us see how the extremes of violence and the techniques of control in “care” facilities that were common across the profiled cases are immersed in similar norms governing the social roles of children and adults. My core argument is that institutional child abuse—because of its systemic nature, its embeddedness in the modernist project, and the resulting stigmas—has lead to similar challenges and practices in confronting and memorializing these histories.
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Gopalaswamy, Radha, Natarajan Ganesan, Kalamani Velmurugan, Vivekanandhan Aravindhan, and Selvakumar Subbian. "The Strange Case of BCG and COVID-19: The Verdict Is Still up in the Air." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (October 16, 2020): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040612.
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COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. In the absence of specific vaccines or therapeutics available, COVID-19 cases are managed empirically with the passive immunity approach and repurposing of drugs used for other conditions. Recently, a concept that bacilli Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination could confer protection against COVID-19 has emerged. The foundation for this widespread attention came from several recent articles, including the one by Miller et al. submitted to MedRxiv, a pre-print server. The authors of this article suggest that a correlation exists between countries with a prolonged national BCG vaccination program and the morbidity/mortality due to COVID-19. Further, clinical BCG vaccination trials are currently ongoing in the Netherlands, Australia, the UK, and Germany with the hope of reducing mortality due to COVID-19. Although BCG vaccination helps protect children against tuberculosis, experimental studies have shown that BCG can also elicit a non-specific immune response against viral and non-mycobacterial infections. Here, we summarize the pros and cons of BCG vaccination and critically analyze the evidence provided for the protective effect of BCG against COVID-19 and highlight the confounding factors in these studies.
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Hancock, Linda, and Linda Wollersheim. "EU Carbon Diplomacy: Assessing Hydrogen Security and Policy Impact in Australia and Germany." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 8103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238103.
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Hydrogen is fast becoming a new international “super fuel” to accelerate global climate change ambitions. This paper has two inter-weaving themes. Contextually, it focuses on the potential impact of the EU’s new Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on fossil fuel-generated as opposed to green hydrogen imports. The CBAM, as a transnational carbon adjustment mechanism, has the potential to impact international trade in energy. It seeks both a level playing field between imports and EU internal markets (subject to ambitious EU climate change policies), and to encourage emissions reduction laggards through its “carbon diplomacy”. Countries without a price on carbon will be charged for embodied carbon in their supply chains when they export to the EU. Empirically, we focus on two hydrogen export/import case studies: Australia as a non-EU state with ambitions to export hydrogen, and Germany as an EU Member State reliant on energy imports. Energy security is central to energy trade debates but needs to be conceptualized beyond supply and demand economics to include geopolitics, just transitions and the impacts of border carbon taxes and EU carbon diplomacy. Accordingly, we apply and further develop a seven-dimension energy security-justice framework to the examples of brown, blue and green hydrogen export/import hydrogen operations, with varying carbon-intensity supply chains, in Australia and Germany. Applying the framework, we identify potential impact—risks and opportunities—associated with identified brown, blue and green hydrogen export/import projects in the two countries. This research contributes to the emerging fields of international hydrogen trade, supply chains, and international carbon diplomacy and develops a potentially useful seven-dimension energy security-justice framework for energy researchers and policy analysts.
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Rosenmayer, Tomáš. "Using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Case of Universities." Review of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2014-0003.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse appropriateness and adequacy of use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in several research papers dealing with effectiveness of economy of universities. The Data Envelopment Analysis is an interesting method used for evaluation of technical efficiency of production units. Comparison is the basic method of this article. At the beginning, basic methodological questions of measurement and evaluation of efficiency are analysed, including definitions of terms efficiency and effectiveness, ways of measurement and formulation of appropriate indicators. Based on the given perquisites for measurement and evaluation of efficiency five articles on evaluation of efficiency of universities using DEA method, published in Canada, Australia, Great Britain, Germany and Spain in 1998 - 2008, will be assessed. DEA is able to use more parameters of input and output to evaluate which of units under examination is the most effective, and to compare other units with it. For this, it is necessary to have a homogenous group of units. The result of assessment shows that all the examined studies focused rather on way of calculation then the point and reason of measurement. The articles contain a discussion concerning choice of appropriate indicators but do not at all deal with the issue of its construction using interventional logic; the articles do not contain any comparison of objectives of the particular universities. Evaluation of efficiency of universities is a social construct and it will always be a subjective matter related to objectives of a particular stakeholder. This fact explains how to approach the evaluation of efficiency: it is necessary to set an objective function that means to set the objectives of a given stakeholder and his preferred results and outputs. All the studies lack this basic logic.
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Crompton, Amy, Tom Macmillan, Jen Ferris, and Isobel Munro. "PD25 Use Of Real-World Evidence In The Reimbursement Assessment Of Medical Devices." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322002860.
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IntroductionRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are typically considered the gold standard source of clinical evidence for reimbursement submissions, but they can often be resource-intensive, expensive, and may not always be appropriate. For example, it may be unethical to assign patients to an untreated or undiagnosed control group, or blinding may not be feasible when assessing medical devices. Evidence for medical devices is therefore often limited to nonrandomized studies. We explored the use and value of real-world evidence (RWE) in the reimbursement of medical devices across several health technology assessment (HTA) agencies.MethodsA narrative review was completed to compare the acceptability of RWE for the HTA evaluation of medical devices across a convenience sample of countries. English-language published guidance documents were reviewed, and study design preferences extracted.ResultsIn Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and Scotland, HTA agencies prefer RCT evidence but accept RWE as supporting data. In England, there is no preferred study design, with directly observed clinical outcomes, evidence syntheses, nonclinical, and modelling studies accepted. Notably, methods and processes for HTA programs are being reviewed and are expected to place a greater emphasis on RWE. In Australia, pseudo-randomized trials, comparative cohort studies, case series, and other study designs are permitted. In France, nonrandomized or nonblinded trials, patient preference cohorts, prospective comparative observational studies, and propensity score matched cohorts are permitted, accompanied by justification. In Scotland, lived experiences, RWE, and systematic reviews are accepted. In Germany, nonrandomized studies are deemed to provide “minimum”, “very low” or “low” certainty of results. In Norway, RWE may be accepted if no RCT data are available, or to support RCTs.ConclusionsIn the assessment of medical devices, where RCTs are unsuitable, RWE can form a feasible alternative. Real-world evidence is increasingly being recognized as a valuable source of evidence for medical interventions and is accepted by a number of HTA agencies. No funding was received for this study.
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de Gouvello, B., A. Gerolin, and N. Le Nouveau. "Rainwater harvesting in urban areas: how can foreign experiences enhance the French approach?" Water Supply 14, no. 4 (April 5, 2014): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.029.
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Since the end of the 1990s, rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been growing in France. A first regulatory framework, constituted mainly by an Order of 21 August, 2008, helped to strengthen this practice, but also introduced some limitations to the development of RWH. Considering the growing social demand and possible issues for water resources, it is likely that this first regulatory framework will evolve. In order to anticipate these changes, foreign case studies may be very instructive. Based on a detailed analysis of eight countries in all continents (Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia and Uganda), this paper draws up an international overview of RWH allowing French practices to be put into perspective. Beyond the specific and sensitive differences, the experience of these countries gives useful lessons for the French case. Comparisons have been drawn on different topics: uses of rainwater, quality standards, regulatory tools and RWH development factors. RWH, especially, in urban areas appears in France as an isolated topic. It is necessary in the future to better integrate it into overall urban water management approaches.
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Nair, Vikneswaran, Badaruddin Mohamed, Toney K. Thomas, and Richard Teare. "How can the tourism industry respond to the global challenges arising from climate change and environmental degradation?" Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 8, no. 5 (October 10, 2016): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2016-0039.
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Purpose This paper profiles the WHATT theme issue “How can the tourism industry respond to the global challenges arising from climate change and environmental degradation?” by drawing on reflections from the theme editors and theme issue outcomes, including case study examples from Malaysia, New Zealand and Canada. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editors to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the writing team, the material and the editorial process. Findings This paper uses case studies to illustrate how the tourism industry is responding to climate change issues. Additionally, team members of the theme issue from Australia, India, Germany, Malaysia and Canada review some of the latest thinking on the relationships between tourism and climate change. Practical implications This paper outlines challenges and new approaches to the management of climate change in tourism. Originality/value Explores the extent to which innovative approaches, discussed in this theme issue, could be replicated and applied in countries that have yet to take action on tourism-related climate change.
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Zhang, Leticia-Tian, and Sumin Zhao. "Diaspora micro-influencers and COVID-19 communication on social media: The case of Chinese-speaking YouTube vloggers." Multilingua 39, no. 5 (September 25, 2020): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2020-0099.
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AbstractDiaspora vloggers–migrants who produce video blogs in the language of their home countries for a transnational diaspora community–have been a largely overlooked group in the studies of social media. This paper focuses on the unique role of Chinese diaspora vloggers during an unprecedented global event—the COVID-19 pandemic. Using manual keyword search (e.g., zhaijia riji, faguo yiqing) and chance sampling (i.e., following platform recommendation), we collected 26 videos (07:44:30) from six Chinese YouTube micro-influencers (1–100k followers) located in Germany, the US, Australia, France, Italy, and Korea. Drawing on theories of narrative and stance-taking, we analyzed how these diaspora vloggers relate their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that vloggers display both universal (e.g., fears) and culturally specific (e.g., mask-wearing) feelings, and invite their viewers to co-construe the emotional experience (e.g., the pronoun ni and address term dajia). Moreover, through different ways of “being Chinese”, vloggers orient their discourse to a unique audience—transnational Chinese-speaking diaspora. Our findings point to the emergence of a new form of migrant identity in the age of social media and highlight the importance of understanding such identities in delivering public health information in global emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Schlag, Anne Katrin. "An Evaluation of Regulatory Regimes of Medical Cannabis: What Lessons Can Be Learned for the UK?" Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505028.
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This paper evaluates current regulatory regimes of medical cannabis using peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as personal communications. Despite the legalization of medical cannabis in the UK in November 2018, patients still lack access to the medicine, with fewer than 10 NHS prescriptions having been written to date. We look at six countries that have been at the forefront of prescribing medical cannabis, including case studies of the three largest medical cannabis markets in the EU: Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. Canada, Israel and Australia add global examples. These countries have a more successful history of prescribing medical cannabis than the UK. Their legislations are outlined and numbers of medical cannabis prescriptions are provided to give an indication of how successful their regulatory regime has been in providing patient access. Evaluating countries’ medical cannabis regulations allows us to offer implications for lessons to be learned for the development of a successful medical cannabis regime in the UK.
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Anwar, Syed Tariq. "FDI Regimes, Investment Screening Process, and Institutional Frameworks: China versus Others in Global Business." Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 2 (April 1, 2012): 213–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012008.
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The main purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyse foreign direct investment (FDI) regimes and their screening processes, institutional frameworks, and business environments in world trade. China's FDI regime is specifically compared with that of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Other countries (France, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, and Switzerland) were also included in the discussion to evaluate their regulatory and investment issues. By using interdisciplinary literature, secondary data, and research surveys and reports from multilateral institutions, the study investigates the changing profile of FDI regimes in world trade. The paper reveals that China's FDI regime has embraced significant changes to attract foreign investment. Currently, the Chinese market is open yet restricted in its own regulatory environment and institutional hurdles. Investment regimes in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom continue to change to attract foreign investment that is critical to their economies. We believe that more country- and industry-specific studies are needed to investigate FDI regimes and their institutional frameworks. In today's world trade, China is particularly an interesting case study since the country aggressively attracts foreign investment while keeping its hybrid economy. Policymakers, multinational corporations (MNCs), governments, and researchers need to pay attention to today's changing FDI regimes because of growth opportunities and MNC expansion. The study provides useful discussion and meaningful implications that can be used by policy analysts and practitioners worldwide.
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Kannan, Ashwini, Maggie Kirkman, Rasa Ruseckaite, and Sue M. Evans. "Prostate care and prostate cancer from the perspectives of undiagnosed men: a systematic review of qualitative research." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e022842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022842.
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ObjectivesTo summarise and evaluate evidence from men who had not been diagnosed with prostate cancer about their perspectives on prostate care and prostate cancer.DesignA systematic review of qualitative research, on the perspectives of non-cancerous men regarding prostate cancer prevention and care.SettingA wide range of settings including primary and secondary care.ParticipantsMen from varied demographic backgrounds ranging between 40 to 80 years of age.Data sourcesThree databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Informit, PsychInfo) and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed papers in English reporting research using qualitative methods (in-depth or semistructured interviews and focus groups).Review methodsThematic analysis using inductive and deductive codes. Thematic synthesis was achieved through iterative open, axial and thematic coding.ResultsEight papers (reporting seven studies conducted in Australia, UK and Germany) met inclusion criteria. Four major themes were identified: understanding prostate cancer, masculinity and prostate cancer, barriers to prostate healthcare and managing prostate health. It was reported that men often did not understand screening, prostate anatomy or their prostate cancer risk, and that concerns about masculinity could deter men from seeking health checks. There was evidence of a need to improve doctor–patient communication about case finding.ConclusionFurther investigation is required to identify and understand any differences in the perspectives and experiences of men who have not been diagnosed with prostate cancer in metropolitan and regional areas, especially where there may be variations in access to healthcare
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Caparros-Gonzalez, Rafael A., María Angeles Pérez-Morente, Cesar Hueso-Montoro, María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano, and Alejandro de la Torre-Luque. "Congenital, Intrapartum and Postnatal Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113570.
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Background: There is inconclusive evidence regarding congenital, intrapartum, and postnatal maternal-fetal-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. A narrative review was conducted with the aim of guiding clinicians on the management of pregnant women with respect to congenital, intrapartum, and postnatal maternal-fetal-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections and breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet, CUIDEN, Scielo, and Virtual Health Library to identify observational, case series, case reports, and randomized controlled trial studies assessing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to baby and/or through breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A total of 49 studies was included in this review, comprising 329 pregnant women and 331 neonates (two pregnant women delivered twins). The studies were performed in China (n = 26), USA (n = 7), Italy (n = 3), Iran (n = 2), Switzerland (n = 1), Spain (n = 1), Turkey (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), India (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), France (n = 1), Canada (n = 1), Honduras (n = 1), Brazil (n = 1), and Peru (n = 1). Samples from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta, cervical secretion, and breastmilk were collected and analyzed. A total of 15 placental swabs gave positive results for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) on the fetal side of the placenta. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in seven breastmilk samples. One umbilical cord sample was positive for SARS-CoV-2. One amniotic fluid sample tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This study presents some evidence to support the potential of congenital, intrapartum, and postnatal maternal-fetal-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers should follow recommendations including wearing a facemask and hand washing before and after breastfeeding.
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Jechow, Andreas. "Observing the Impact of WWF Earth Hour on Urban Light Pollution: A Case Study in Berlin 2018 Using Differential Photometry." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030750.
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Earth Hour is one of the most successful coordinated mass efforts worldwide to raise awareness of environmental issues, with excessive energy consumption being one driver of climate change. The campaign, first organized by the World Wildlife Fund in Australia in 2007, has grown across borders and cultures and was celebrated in 188 countries in 2018. It calls for voluntarily reduction of electricity consumption for a single hour of one day each year. Switching off non-essential electric lights is a central theme and resulted in 17,900 landmarks going dark in 2018. This switch-off of lights during Earth Hour also leads to reduction of light pollution for this specific period. In principle, Earth Hour allows the study of light pollution and the linkage to electricity consumption of lighting. However, quantitative analysis of the impact of Earth Hour on light pollution (and electricity consumption) are sparse, with only a few studies published showing no clear impact or the reverse, suffering from residual twilight and unstable weather conditions. In this work, light pollution measurements during Earth Hour 2018 in an urban park (Tiergarten) in Berlin, Germany, are reported. A novel light measurement method using differential photometry with calibrated digital cameras enables tracking of the switching off and switching back on of the lights of Berlin’s iconic Brandenburg Gate and the buildings of Potsdamer Platz adjacent to the park. Light pollution reduction during the event was measurable, despite the presence of moonlight. Strategies for future work on light pollution using such events are discussed.
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Anderson, C. "Rationale and Design of the Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy of the ONTARGET Trial Programme." Journal of International Medical Research 33, no. 1_suppl (February 2005): 50A—57A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14732300050330s107.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes in high-risk patients, but evidence for the cardioprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) is less extensive. The ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) and the parallel Telmisartan Randomized AssessmeNt Study in aCE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) - which together form The ONTARGET Trial Programme – are long-term, large-scale, double-blind, multinational outcome studies with the primary objectives of determining if the combination of the ARB telmisartan 80 mg and the ACE inhibitor ramipril 10 mg is more effective than ramipril 10 mg alone, and if telmisartan is at least as effective as ramipril (in the case of ONTARGET), and if telmisartan is superior to placebo (in the case of TRANSCEND), in providing cardiovascular protection for high-risk patients. A pre-defined substudy is being conducted within The ONTARGET Trial Programme to compare the effects of these agents, alone and in combination, on cardiac structure and function. The substudy overcomes criticisms of many previous studies, which have been performed in small numbers of patients using suboptimal methodology, by evaluating changes in left ventricular structure and function using sophisticated technology provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some 300 randomized patients within ONTARGET, recruited from selected centres in Australia, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, New Zealand and Thailand, will have MRI undertaken at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. As this method of assessing left ventricular dysfunction is somewhat time-consuming, expensive and complex, and in the light of current interest in the role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) as a simple, inexpensive diagnostic and prognostic tool, the substudy will also examine whether changes in BNP during follow-up correlated with changes in left ventricular dysfunction.
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Jakab, Ákos, Pascal Kahlig, Esther Kuenzli, and Andreas Neumayr. "Tick borne relapsing fever - a systematic review and analysis of the literature." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): e0010212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010212.
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Tick borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a zoonosis caused by various Borrelia species transmitted to humans by both soft-bodied and (more recently recognized) hard-bodied ticks. In recent years, molecular diagnostic techniques have allowed to extend our knowledge on the global epidemiological picture of this neglected disease. Nevertheless, due to the patchy occurrence of the disease and the lack of large clinical studies, the knowledge on several clinical aspects of the disease remains limited. In order to shed light on some of these aspects, we have systematically reviewed the literature on TBRF and summarized the existing data on epidemiology and clinical aspects of the disease. Publications were identified by using a predefined search strategy on electronic databases and a subsequent review of the reference lists of the obtained publications. All publications reporting patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TBRF published in English, French, Italian, German, and Hungarian were included. Maps showing the epidemiogeographic mosaic of the different TBRF Borrelia species were compiled and data on clinical aspects of TBRF were analysed. The epidemiogeographic mosaic of TBRF is complex and still continues to evolve. Ticks harbouring TBRF Borrelia have been reported worldwide, with the exception of Antarctica and Australia. Although only molecular diagnostic methods allow for species identification, microscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard in most clinical settings. The most suggestive symptom in TBRF is the eponymous relapsing fever (present in 100% of the cases). Thrombocytopenia is the most suggestive laboratory finding in TBRF. Neurological complications are frequent in TBRF. Treatment is with beta-lactams, tetracyclines or macrolids. The risk of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) appears to be lower in TBRF (19.3%) compared to louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) (55.8%). The overall case fatality rate of TBRF (6.5%) and LBRF (4–10.2%) appears to not differ. Unlike LBRF, where perinatal fatalities are primarily attributable to abortion, TBRF-related perinatal fatalities appear to primarily affect newborns.
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Stanley, Janet, and John Stanley. "The Importance of Transport for Social Inclusion." Social Inclusion 5, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i4.1289.
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Links between mobility, social exclusion and well being, and matters related thereto, have been an important focus of research, planning and policy thinking in the land use transport field for about the past two decades, in places such as the UK, Australia, South Africa, North America and parts of South America. This introductory paper to the journal volume on <em>Regional and Urban Mobility: Contribution to Social Inclusion</em> summarizes some of the key literature in the field during that period, illustrating how research sometimes takes a place-based approach and at other times focuses on groups of people likely to be at risk of mobility-related social exclusion. The ten articles in this journal volume explore aspects of these relationships, mainly through the lens of at risk groups, across a number of social-spatial settings. Articles draw on case studies from the Philippines, UK/Germany, UK/Colombia, Lisbon, Gilgat-Baltistan, Turkey and Japan, providing a broad set of contexts. The different language and frameworks used by researchers from different professional backgrounds, as illustrated in this volume, highlights some of the barriers that need to be confronted in progressing policy to improve the lot of people experiencing mobility-related social exclusion.
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Rein, Tony. "Case studies II — Australia." Computer Law & Security Review 6, no. 6 (March 1991): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(91)90180-4.
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Monteath, Peter. "The German Democratic Republic and Australia." Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 2 (August 2008): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651560802318762.
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Curtis, Joyce A., Daniel D'Angelo, Matthew R. Hallowell, Timothy A. Henkel, and Keith R. Molenaar. "Enterprise Risk Management for Transportation Agencies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2271, no. 1 (January 2012): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2271-07.
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Risk management is implicit in transportation business practices. Administrators, planners, and engineers coordinate many organizational and technical resources to manage transportation network performance. Transportation agencies manage some of the largest and highest-valued public assets and budgets in federal, state, and local governments. It is the agencies' corporate responsibility to set clear strategic goals and objectives to manage these assets so economic growth and livability of their regions improves and the public gets the best value. Risks can affect an agency's ability to meet its goals and objectives. As network and delivery managers, these agencies must identify risks, assess the possible impacts, develop plans to manage the risks, and monitor the effectiveness of their actions. This paper presents the results of (a) a comprehensive literature review, (b) a state-of-the-practice survey of 43 U.S. transportation agencies, and (c) seven case studies from leading transportation organizations in Australia, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Scotland. The paper concludes with recommendations for achieving enterprise risk management in U.S. highway agencies. Recommendations pertain to formalizing enterprise risk management approaches, embedding risk management in existing business processes, using risk management to build trust with transportation stakeholders, defining leadership and organizational responsibilities for risk management, identifying risk owners, supporting risk allocation strategies, and reexamining existing policies, processes, and standards through rigorous risk management analysis.
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L., J. F. "HOW VALUABLE IS THE S.A.T.?" Pediatrics 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.4.a56.
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Most societies have some sort of rite of passage from childhood to adulthood. The aborigine in Australia send adolescents into the wilderness on a "walkabout." German noblemen prove their maturity by acquiring dueling scars. Americans have one in which their young people spend three high-pressured hours filling in little boxes. Anthropologists call it "Taking the Scholastic Aptitude Test." What do they measure? To anyone with lingering faith in Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny and truth-in-packaging, the answer is obvious: The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures scholastic aptitude. For that answer score zero. The test was created in 1926, when people still believed that there was something called intelligence that experts could measure and put a number on. Scholastic aptitude was its academic counterpart. Today no one believes that intelligence is that simple, and developers of the aptitude test have backed away from claiming to measure aptitude. What does the test tell colleges? The College Board says the examination predicts college grades in the freshman year. The technical term is predictive validity, which is measured on a scale of zero to one. Zero means that the result would be as random as using a zip code. A perfect 1.0 means that everyone with high test scores will get high grades, everyone with low scores will get low grades and so forth. Testmakers' research shows that college freshmen grades can be predicted with a validity of 0.42 based on the aptitude test, 0.48 based on high school grades and 0.55 if both are used. Since colleges already have students' grades, the incremental advantage of having the test scores is 0.07. Do test scores change admissions decisions? In a new book, "The Case Against the S.A.T.," James Crouse and Dale Trushei.m of the University of Delaware argue that the test is "valid but redundant." They conducted their own studies and concluded that by using high school grades alone, they could come to the same conclusion as admissions directors in all but 3 percent of cases-not enough, in their opinion, to justify the whole enterprise.
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Burrell, Anita, Vlad Zah, Zsombor Zrubka, and Carl Asche. "PD45 Paying For Digital Health: What Evidence Is Needed?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S106—S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646232200304x.
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IntroductionDigital transformation has been promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission (EC) to help improve health outcomes. To ensure sustainability, digital health interventions (DHI) require funding by payers. Evidence-informed decision and policy making requires an assessment of the impact on relevant outcomes vs current healthcare practice. Various national and international organizations are involved in creating or guiding the development of standards for the evidence required for digital technologies.MethodsWe undertook an intensive individual investigation of the websites of leading payer and health technology assessment (HTA) bodies in France, UK, Germany, Belgium, Austria, Finland, Canada, Australia, and the USA to identify new frameworks and any updated information. As the objective focused on evaluation frameworks which were used across DHIs by a particular payer to support pricing and reimbursement decisions, we excluded individual case studies where DHIs had been assessed, regulatory frameworks for approval of DHIs and frameworks which assessed feasibility or applicability of a DHI since these were not directly influencing the decision for funding.ResultsWe found six frameworks which directly address digital health interventions for the purposes of pricing and reimbursement: NICE Evidence Standards, FinCCHTA, MSAC, Germany BfArM, Belgium RIZIV and France HAS. The context for the framework and the requirements were compared on parameters including those normally found in HTA and for criteria related to digital technologies. The parameters included varied considerably across the frameworks as did the level of evidence expected to be available for the assessment. In some cases, these related to the level of risk or impact of the intended DHI.ConclusionsWhile DHIs are increasingly used in health, HTA is struggling to adapt to assess these technologies. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of digital health (combination of health care and technology), and the speed and rate of change of innovations in this area, an approach based upon the risk assessment posed by the technology seems reasonable. In this way the level of effort can be tailored to those interventions which seek to influence care or predict outcomes rather than those which are tailored to increased awareness of the patient about their condition.
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SIMON, JUDIT, ULRIKE SCHMIDT, and STEPHEN PILLING. "The health service use and cost of eating disorders." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 11 (April 1, 2005): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705004708.
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Background. The economic burden and health service use of eating disorders have received little attention, although such data are necessary to estimate the implications of any changes in clinical practice for patient care and health care resource requirements. This systematic review reports the current international evidence on the resource use and cost of eating disorders.Method. Relevant literature (1980–2002) was identified from searches of electronic databases and expert contacts.Results. Two cost-of-illness studies from the UK and Germany, one burden-of-disease study from Australia and 14 other publications with relevant data from the UK, USA, Austria, Denmark and The Netherlands could be identified. In the UK, the health care cost of anorexia nervosa was estimated to be £4·2 million in 1990. In Germany, the health care cost was €65 million for anorexia nervosa and €10 million for bulimia nervosa during 1998. The Australian study reported the health care costs of eating disorders to be Aus$22 million for year 1993/1994. Other costing studies focused mostly on in-patient care reporting highly variable estimates. There is a dearth of research on non-health care costs.Conclusions. The limited available evidence reflects a general under-detection and under-treatment of eating disorders. Although both cost-of-illness studies may significantly underestimate the costs of eating disorders because of important omitted cost items, other evidence suggests that the economic burden is likely to be substantial. Comprehensive data on the resource use of patients with eating disorders are urgently needed for better estimations, and to be able to determine cost-effective treatment options.
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Rizzo, Maria, Yingxin Xu, Ike Iheanacho, and Sumeet Panjabi. "A Systematic Literature Review on the Epidemiological Burden in Multiple Myeloma." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5704.5704.
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Abstract Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare condition, that is, one defined by the European Medicines Agency as affecting no more than 5 in 10,000 people in the EU. It is also the second most common hematologic malignancy. MM is particularly burdensome because most patients eventually relapse and develop refractory disease. To help characterize the epidemiological burden and trends associated with the condition we conducted a systematic literature review to identify published evidence on outcomes including overall incidence and prevalence and survival in patients with relapsed (R) or relapsed and refractory (RR) MM. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases for articles in English published between 2003 and 2013. Identified studies were initially screened using information in the title and abstract, and then by examining the full text using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria specified that to be included, studies had to have reported real-world data on the incidence or prevalence of MM or survival in patients with RMM/RRMM in the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the UK. To improve generalizability, only studies with a sample size of 100 patients or more were included. Results: The review identified a total of 1,632 studies across MEDLINE and Embase. Following screening, 22 studies met the predefined selection criteria (as described above in the Methods section). Most studies (n=21) were retrospective in design, of which 10 studies reported on incidence and/or prevalence outcomes and 12 on survival. Specifically, incidence was reported for populations in Brazil (n=1), Canada (n=1), France (n=1), Germany (n=1), Italy (n=1), Korea (n=3), and Taiwan (n=2); two of these studies also reported prevalence data for populations in Brazil and Korea. The studies on survival included patients who received a range of 1 to 9 previous treatments for MM and were conducted in Canada (n=1), France (n=1), Germany (n=2), Italy (n=4), South Korea (n=1), Spain (n=1) and the UK (n=2). No published studies for any of the outcomes of interest were identified for populations in the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Mexico, the Netherlands, Sweden, or Switzerland. In the studies that reported a crude (i.e., age-unadjusted) incidence for MM, the incidence ranged from around 1.4 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 population per year. Of note, the incidence was found to have risen in recent decades, from 1.0 case per 100,000 population in 1999 to 1.5 cases per 100,000 in 2009 in Korea (a rise of 4.1% each year; p < 0.05) and from 0.36 cases per 100,000 in the period from 1979 to 1983 to 1.6 cases per 100,000 in 2009 in Taiwan (a 4.4-fold increase between these years). The prevalence of MM was 5.7 per 100,000 population from October 2009 to March 2010 in Brazil and 5.5 per 100,000 population in January 2010 in Korea. Among patients who received chemotherapy regimens to manage RMM/RRMM, overall survival ranged from 12.4 months in those treated with bendamustine (following a median of 4 previous lines of therapy that included alkylators, steroids, an immunomodulatory drug, and bortezomib) to 26.2 months for those treated with thalidomide with or without the use of salvage therapy (following a median of 1 prior therapy). One study that explored predictors of overall survival found that this outcome was significantly worse in patients who previously receive more lines of treatment (3 or above) compared with those who received fewer lines of treatment (18.1 months compared with 38.9 months, respectively; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Recently published data on key epidemiological outcomes in MM are limited, even for several industrialized countries, perhaps reflecting the condition’s rare-disease status. The available evidence suggests that the incidence of MM has been rising in recent decades, though the overall incidence remains low enough for MM to still be considered a rare disease. Despite the range of chemotherapeutic options that are currently available, survival in patients who have RMM/RRMM is poor and worsens with each relapse and with increasing number of prior lines of treatment. This pattern of decreasing survival in later lines of treatment suggests the need for additional therapies to improve outcomes in MM and RMM/RRMM. Disclosures Rizzo: Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Xu:Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Iheanacho:Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Panjabi:Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Bhattacharya-Mis, Namrata, Jessica Lamond, Burrell Montz, Heidi Kreibich, Sara Wilkinson, Faith Chan, and David Proverbs. "Flood risk to commercial property." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 4/5 (October 8, 2018): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-03-2017-0024.
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Purpose Improved management of commercial property at risk from flooding may result from well-targeted advice from built environment (BE) professionals, such as surveyors, valuers and project managers. However, research indicates that the role of these professionals in providing such advice is currently limited for a variety of reasons. This paper aims to investigate the (perceived and real) barriers and opportunities for providing such advice in a number of international locations. In particular, the research sought greater understanding of the link between regulation and guidance; perceived roles and capacity; and training and education needs. Design/methodology/approach To cover different international settings, an illustrative case study approach was adopted within the selected countries (Australia, UK, USA, China and Germany). This involved a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews of BE professionals with experience of advising on commercial properties at risk of flooding. Due to the specific nature of these interviews, a purposive sampling approach was implemented, leading to a sample of 72 interviews across the five international locations. Findings Perceived barriers were linked to regulatory issues, a shortage of suitably experienced professionals, a lack of formal guidance and insurance requirements. BE professionals defined their roles differently in each case study in relation to these factors and stressed the need for closer collaboration among the various disciplines and indeed the other key stakeholders (i.e. insurers, loss adjusters and contractors). A shortage of knowledgeable experts caused by a lack of formal training, and education was a common challenge highlighted in all locations. Originality/value The research is unique in providing an international perspective on issues affecting BE professionals in providing robust and impartial advice on commercial property at risk of flooding. While acknowledging the existence of local flood conditions, regulatory frameworks and insurance regimes, the results indicate some recurring themes, indicating a lack of general flood risk education and training across all five case study countries. Learning across case studies coupled with appropriate policy development could contribute toward improved skills development and more consistent integration of BE professionals within future flood risk management practice, policy and strategy.
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Cullinane, Bernadette, and Steve McGill. "Big oil in 2030: thriving (and driving) in a carbon constrained future." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17090.
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What if you knew that, 12 years from now, demand for your product would dramatically fall? What would you do? The transportation sector is responsible for more than 60% of worldwide demand for petroleum products. However, several countries have recently introduced policies banning the internal combustion engine (ICE) and/or supporting electric vehicles (EVs), which could have a major impact on this demand. Norway, India, The Netherlands, Germany, China and the UK have all made such announcements. Furthermore, the increasing affordability and reliability of EVs combined with their excellent maintenance and automation capabilities have driven EVs to become among the best-selling luxury cars available today. There is no way to be certain what the new normal of 2030 may bring for petroleum transportation fuels and the automotive industry. Forecasts range from a world dominated by EVs and substantially reduced demand for oil, to scenarios where the impact to petroleum demand is less than 10%. Whatever the future may bring, renewable energy paired with flexible and intelligent EVs is emerging as a threat, to which the petroleum and automotive industries are responding with a myriad of strategies. Throughout history, even small disruptions in supply or demand have resulted in major impacts on industry profitability. Based on case studies from around the world and work with large petroleum companies in Australia, this paper discusses how leading companies are preparing for a post-ICE world and considers what steps petroleum and automotive industry executives should be taking today to ensure that they remain vibrant and viable in the new normal of 2030 and beyond.
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Huntrieser, H., H. Schlager, M. Lichtenstern, A. Roiger, P. Stock, A. Minikin, H. Höller, et al. "NO<sub>x</sub> production by lightning in Hector: first airborne measurements during SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 14361–451. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-14361-2009.
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Abstract. During the SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE field phase in November–December 2005 airborne in situ measurements were performed inside and in the vicinity of thunderstorms over northern Australia with several research aircraft (German Falcon, Russian M55 Geophysica, and British Dornier-228). Here a case study from 19 November is presented in large detail on the basis of airborne trace gas measurements (NO, NOy, CO, O3) and stroke measurements from the German LIghtning Location NETwork (LINET), set up in the vicinity of Darwin during the field campaign. The anvil outflow from three different types of thunderstorms was probed by the Falcon aircraft: 1) a continental thunderstorm developing in a tropical airmass near Darwin, 2) a mesoscale convective system (MCS) developing within the tropical maritime continent (Tiwi Islands) known as Hector, and 3) a continental thunderstorm developing in a subtropical airmass ~200 km south of Darwin. For the first time detailed measurements of NO were performed in the Hector outflow. The highest NO mixing ratios were observed in Hector with peaks up to 7 nmol mol−1 in the main anvil outflow at ~11.5–12.5 km altitude. The mean NOx (=NO+NO2) mixing ratios during these penetrations (~100 km width) varied between 2.2 and 2.5 nmol mol−1. The NOx contribution from the boundary layer (BL), transported upward with the convection, to total anvil-NOx was found to be minor (<10%). On the basis of Falcon measurements, the mass flux of lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) in the well-developed Hector system was estimated to 0.6–0.7 kg(N) s−1. The highest average stroke rate of the probed thunderstorms was observed in the Hector system with 0.2 strokes s−1 (here only strokes with peak currents ≥10 kA contributing to LNOx were considered). The LNOx mass flux and the stroke rate were combined to estimate the LNOx production rate in the different thunderstorm types. For a better comparison with other studies, LINET strokes were scaled with Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flashes. The LNOx production rate per LIS flash was estimated to 4.1–4.8 kg(N) for the well-developed Hector system, and to 5.4 and 1.7 kg(N) for the continental thunderstorms developing in subtropical and tropical airmasses, respectively. If we assume, that these different types of thunderstorms are typical thunderstorms globally (LIS flash rate ~44 s−1), the annual global LNOx production rate based on Hector would be ~5.7–6.6 Tg(N) a−1 and based on the continental thunderstorms developing in subtropical and tropical airmasses ~7.6 and ~2.4 Tg(N) a−1, respectively. The latter thunderstorm type produced much less LNOx per flash compared to the subtropical and Hector thunderstorms, which may be caused by the shorter mean flash component length observed in this storm. It is suggested that the vertical wind shear influences the horizontal extension of the charged layers, which seems to play an important role for the flash lengths that may originate. In addition, the horizontal dimension of the anvil outflow and the cell organisation within the thunderstorm system are probably important parameters influencing flash length and hence LNOx production per flash.
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Huntrieser, H., H. Schlager, M. Lichtenstern, A. Roiger, P. Stock, A. Minikin, H. Höller, et al. "NO<sub>x</sub> production by lightning in Hector: first airborne measurements during SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 21 (November 5, 2009): 8377–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8377-2009.
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Abstract. During the SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE field phase in November–December 2005, airborne in situ measurements were performed inside and in the vicinity of thunderstorms over northern Australia with several research aircraft (German Falcon, Russian M55 Geophysica, and British Dornier-228. Here a case study from 19 November is presented in detail on the basis of airborne trace gas measurements (NO, NOy, CO, O3) and stroke measurements from the German LIghtning Location NETwork (LINET), set up in the vicinity of Darwin during the field campaign. The anvil outflow from three different types of thunderstorms was probed by the Falcon aircraft: (1) a continental thunderstorm developing in a tropical airmass near Darwin, (2) a mesoscale convective system (MCS), known as Hector, developing within the tropical maritime continent (Tiwi Islands), and (3) a continental thunderstorm developing in a subtropical airmass ~200 km south of Darwin. For the first time detailed measurements of NO were performed in the Hector outflow. The highest NO mixing ratios were observed in Hector with peaks up to 7 nmol mol−1 in the main anvil outflow at ~11.5–12.5 km altitude. The mean NOx (=NO+NO2) mixing ratios during these penetrations (~100 km width) varied between 2.2 and 2.5 nmol mol−1. The NOx contribution from the boundary layer (BL), transported upward with the convection, to total anvil-NOx was found to be minor (<10%). On the basis of Falcon measurements, the mass flux of lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) in the well-developed Hector system was estimated to 0.6–0.7 kg(N) s−1. The highest average stroke rate of the probed thunderstorms was observed in the Hector system with 0.2 strokes s−1 (here only strokes with peak currents ≥10 kA contributing to LNOx were considered). The LNOx mass flux and the stroke rate were combined to estimate the LNOx production rate in the different thunderstorm types. For a better comparison with other studies, LINET strokes were scaled with Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flashes. The LNOx production rate per LIS flash was estimated to 4.1–4.8 kg(N) for the well-developed Hector system, and to 5.4 and 1.7 kg(N) for the continental thunderstorms developing in subtropical and tropical airmasses, respectively. If we assume, that these different types of thunderstorms are typical thunderstorms globally (LIS flash rate ~44 s−1), the annual global LNOx production rate based on Hector would be ~5.7–6.6 Tg(N) a−1 and based on the continental thunderstorms developing in subtropical and tropical airmasses ~7.6 and ~2.4 Tg(N) a−1, respectively. The latter thunderstorm type produced much less LNOx per flash compared to the subtropical and Hector thunderstorms, which may be caused by the shorter mean flash component length observed in this storm. It is suggested that the vertical wind shear influences the horizontal extension of the charged layers, which seems to play an important role for the flash lengths that may originate. In addition, the horizontal dimension of the anvil outflow and the cell organisation within the thunderstorm system are probably important parameters influencing flash length and hence LNOx production per flash.
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Gilliat-Ray, Sophie. "Muslim Minorities in the West." American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2003): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.1839.
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The Muslim diaspora, which has become established as a significant areaof publishing in the past 2 to 3 decades, is being charted by a number ofbooks and journals. This edited collection is a valuable addition to the literature,although specialists in the field will notice some degree of overlapwith existing sources.The book is divided into three sections exploring the Muslim experiencein America (seven chapters), Europe (three chapters covering France,Germany, and Norway), and areas of European settlement (five chapterscovering Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Caribbean). Thebest way to view this book is to consider it a series of case studies examininghow Muslims in different contexts have moved from being temporary and peripheral individual sojourners to being, within their adoptedsocieties, generally well-established communities that have largely overcometheir internal differences and external structural barriers in order tobe publicly recognized as a part of multicultural and multi faith communitiesand societies. Many of the contributors believe that Muslim minoritiesare growing, dynamic, confident, and demographically "young" in most oftheir new societies, and that wherever they have established themselves,they have sustained their presence and thrived, sometimes in the face ofextreme hostility.This case study character has advantages and disadvantages. On theone hand, this reviewer found it extremely valuable to learn more aboutthe experience of some very specific minority groups, such as Sahelians inFrance, who are usually ignored and overshadowed in the literature by theoverwhelming Algerian-Moroccan presence in France. Likewise, with relativelylittle academic material available on Muslims in New Zealand, forexample, this book fills many of the academic gaps in the literature. Thefirst-hand accounts from previously unpublished sources were similarlyvaluable, and the chapter on establishing the Islamic Party in NorthAmerica constitutes an important documentary record. On the other hand,some chapters went over well-established ground, such as Turks inGermany. Specialists on Muslim minorities will find that some chaptersrepeat already well-known data and profiles oflslam in these contexts ...
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Spittler, Ulla, and Gerd Knischewski. "Redefining German identity: Case studies in Berlin." Journal of Area Studies 3, no. 7 (September 1995): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02613539508455761.
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Hindle, Don. "The Australian DRG classification:are we ready for structural changes?" Australian Health Review 24, no. 3 (2001): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010016.
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The Australian DRG variant compares favourably with other variants in use around the world. This view is supported by a variety of empirical studies and by experiences of its adoption by several health care systems. An example is its recent selection for use in Germany (Hindle & Lenz, 2000).
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Hoffmann, Jochen, Ulrike Röttger, Diana Ingenhoff, and Anis Hamidati. "The rehabilitation of the “nation variable”." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 20, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-10-2014-0071.
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Purpose – Despite an impressive body of international research, there is a lack of empirical evidence describing the ways in which organisational environments influence the practices of corporate communications (CC). A cross-cultural survey in five countries contributes to closing this research gap. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – What makes the research design innovative is that the questionnaire incorporates both practitioners’ perceptions of the cultural context and the relevance of CC practices. The sample comprises 418 practitioners from the most senior positions in CC in the biggest companies in Australia, Austria, Germany, Indonesia, and Switzerland. By choosing a systematic access to the field the authors circumvent shortcomings of “snowball” sampling techniques. Findings – While cultural perceptions and CC priorities vary to a certain degree, there are hardly any significant correlations between the two. Meanwhile, the “nation variable”, and the institutional settings associated with it, are more instructive when explaining differences in CC. Research limitations/implications – A large cross-cultural survey needs to take a “birds eye view” and, as such, is able to identify only general tendencies when describing relations between perceptions of culture and CC practices. Future case studies and qualitative research could explore more subtle ways in which CC is influenced not only by the cultural context, but also – and probably even more – by institutional environments. Originality/value – This is the first cross-cultural survey to systematically describe on the level of primary data, the links between CC practices and perceptions of the organisational environment. Since the results indicate only a limited impact of culture, the authors would recommend the rehabilitation of the “nation variable”. Provided it is understood and differentiated as a representation of specific institutional contexts, the nation variable is likely to prove highly instructive when accounting for the diversity of CC observed around the world.
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Kächele, Horst, Cornelia Albani, Anna Buchheim, Michael Hölzer, Roderich Hohage, Erhard Mergenthaler, Juan Pablo Jiménez, et al. "The German specimen case, Amalia X: Empirical studies." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 87, no. 3 (June 2006): 809–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/17nn-m9hj-u25a-yuu5.
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Burns, T. W., and E. Szczerbicki. "Implementing Concurrent Engineering: Case Studies from Eastern Australia." Concurrent Engineering 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x9700500208.
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Bagheri, Mohammad B., and Matthias Raab. "Subsurface engineering of CCUS in Australia (case studies)." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18125.
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Carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) is a rapidly emerging field in the Australian oil and gas industry to address carbon emissions while securing reliable energy. Although there are similarities with many aspects of the oil and gas industry, subsurface CO2 storage has some unique geology and geophysics, and reservoir engineering considerations, for which we have developed specific workflows. This paper explores the challenges and risks that a reservoir engineer might face during a field-scale CO2 injection project, and how to address them. We first explain some of the main concepts of reservoir engineering in CCUS and their synergy with oil and gas projects, followed by the required inputs for subsurface studies. We will subsequently discuss the importance of uncertainty analysis and how to de-risk a CCUS project from the subsurface point of view. Finally, two different case studies will be presented, showing how the CCUS industry should use reservoir engineering analysis, dynamic modelling and uncertainty analysis results, based on our experience in the Otway Basin. The first case study provides a summary of CO2CRC storage research injection results and how we used the dynamic models to history match the results and understand CO2 plume behaviour in the reservoir. The second case study shows how we used uncertainty analysis to improve confidence on the CO2 plume behaviour and to address regulatory requirements. An innovative workflow was developed for this purpose in CO2CRC to understand the influence of each uncertainty parameter on the objective functions and generate probabilistic results.
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Snyder, Maria, Mara R. Wade, and Glenn Ehrstine. "Foreign Encounters: Case Studies in German Literature before 1700." Sixteenth Century Journal 38, no. 3 (October 1, 2007): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20478576.
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Stehle, Maria. "Transnational Visual Cultures: The German Case." Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory 85, no. 2 (May 21, 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00168891003715943.
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Amorati, Riccardo. "The motivations and identity aspirations of university students of German: a case study in Australia." Language Learning in Higher Education 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cercles-2021-2007.
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Abstract In the English-dominated field of L2 motivation, there is a need for more research on learners of languages other than English. This is particularly important in English-speaking countries, where issues involving the recruitment and retention of language students are pressing. This study discusses the main qualitative findings of a study on the motivations and identity aspirations of university students of German in Australia. The findings obtained through a questionnaire (n = 86) are complemented by in-depth interviews conducted with a small sample of respondents (n = 5). The study shows that learners of German are instrumentally, integratively and intrinsically motivated and wish to shape identities as international professionals with unique linguistic skills (Exotenmotiv, see Riemer 2006), tourists and anti-tourists, bilingual speakers in a monolingual Anglophone context and educated individuals (Bildungs-Selbst, see Busse 2015). This research furthers our knowledge on this learner population in Australia and, more broadly, on Anglophone elective language learners, as well as students of German as a foreign language in other contexts. It also contributes to our understanding of the link between motivation and processes of identity creation and development.
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HOU, Baohong, Bernd H. MICHAELSEN, Ziying LI, John L. KEELING, and Adrian J. FABRIS. "Paleovalley-related Uranium: Case-studies from Australia and China." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, s2 (December 2014): 1355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12381_9.
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Newman, Joshua. "Measuring Policy Success: Case Studies from Canada and Australia." Australian Journal of Public Administration 73, no. 2 (June 2014): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12076.
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Fox-Hughes, Paul. "Springtime Fire Weather in Tasmania, Australia: Two Case Studies." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00020.1.
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Abstract A number of severe springtime fire weather events have occurred in Tasmania, Australia, in recent years. Two such events are examined here in some detail, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in the events. Both events exhibit strong winds and very low surface dewpoint temperatures. Associated 850-hPa wind–dewpoint depression conditions are extreme in both cases, and evaluation of these quantities against a scale of past occurrences may provide a useful early indicator of future severe events. Both events also feature the advection of air from drought-affected continental Australia ahead of cold fronts. This air reaches the surface in the lee of Tasmanian topography by the action of the föehn effect. In one event, there is good evidence of an intrusion of stratospheric, high potential vorticity (PV), air, supplementing the above mechanism and causing an additional peak in airmass dryness and wind speed.
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Carter, Jennifer L., and Greg J. E. Hill. "Critiquing environmental management in indigenous Australia: two case studies." Area 39, no. 1 (March 2007): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00716.x.
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