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Journal articles on the topic 'Gerbera in vitro'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Cardoso, Jean Carlos, and Ana Carolina Petit Inthurn. "Easy and efficient chemical sterilization of the culture medium for in vitro growth of gerbera using chlorine dioxide (ClO2)." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i3.1222.

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Micropropagation techniques changed the production of clonal plantlets in the world. However, the high costs of micropropagated plantlets continue as the main constraint for the expansion of the technique. This paper aimed to test the use of the chemical sterilization of culture medium using chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for in vitro cultivation of gerbera. There was used gerbera in vitro shoots in the stage of rooting for these experiments, using 0.0035%, 0.0070% and 0.0105% of chlorine dioxide in the culture medium. Also, peracetic acid was tested previously for sterilization, but resulted in microbial contamination. Chemical sterilization of the culture medium was successfully using ClO2 at 0.0035% to 0.0105% (100% decontamination) at rooting and elongation stage of gerbera with production of plantlets with similar (number of leaves, total and root fresh weight) or higher quality (mainly aerial part) at rooting/elongation stage, compared with autoclaved culture medium. The increase of concentration of ClO2 also resulted in increasing of height and fresh weight of aerial part of gerberas. The ClO2 could replace the autoclaving with production of sterilized culture medium without phytotoxic problems to gerbera in vitro cultivation.

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2

Couto, Tarcisio Rangel do, João Sebastião de Paula Araujo, and João Paulo de Lima Aguilar. "Balanço hormonal auxina/citocinica para multiplicação in vitro de genótipos de gérbera." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n12021/119-134/agrariacad.

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Gerbera is used as a cut flower and has gained popularity as ornamental flower and great demand in the world market for ornamental plants. Micropropagation is used to meet the demand for commercial planting material. The objective was to evaluate the BAP and ANA phytoregulators effect gerberas in vitro multiplication. The explants were inoculated in MS culture medium containing different concentrations of BAP (0.0; 2.22; 4.44; 8.88 and 17.76 µmol L-1) and ANA (0.0; 1.34; 2.68 and 5.36 µmol L-1). After eight weeks, the number of shoots formed in each explant and the average length of the shoots were evaluated. Was possible to establish and recommend an ideal concentration of BAP and ANA for each gerbera genotype.

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3

Kanwar J, K., and S. Kumar. "In vitro propagation of Gerbera: A Review." Horticultural Science 35, No. 1 (February 12, 2008): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/651-hortsci.

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Gerbera has gained popularity in the past few years in many countries of the world and it is in great demand in the floral industry as cut flower as well as potted plant due to its beauty, colour, long vase life, and ability to rehydrate after long transportation. The most commercial cultivars are propagated through vegetative means by multiplication through divisions of clumps; however, the multiplication by this method is too slow to be commercially viable. To commercialize this crop and to meet the growing demand for planting material, tissue and organ culture techniques are being used as alternative methods for propagation in many countries. Most of the work has been carried on plant regeneration by adventitious organogenesis from capitulum, shoot tip, leaf, petiole and other parts of the plant. Attention should be paid to improve the technology to achieve 100% success in all species/cultivars to meet growing demands of the growers globally. From the literature, it is evident that gerberas are highly amenable to in vitro studies, as various explants were found to favourably respond to different culture media with different types and concentrations of growth regulators.

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4

Vijayalakshmi, C. L., P. Babu, A. N. Bagali, C. D. Soregaon, and Ashwini H. Wadageri. "Direct in vitro Regeneration of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 01 (January 10, 2019): 2610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.801.274.

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5

Meyer, H. J., and J. Van Staden. "The in vitro culture of Gerbera aurantiaca." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 14, no. 1 (January 1988): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00029572.

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6

WINARTO, Budi, Kurnia YUNIARTO, and Rudy SOEHENDI. "Young capitulum as important explant in in vitro mass propagation of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210712.

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A new route of in vitro propagation of gerbera selected clones was successfully established using young capitula in tight buds and buds that were started to unfold stage as explant source. The one-fourth pieces of young capitula of tight flower stage and half-strength MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BAP was the suitable for initiation and produced higher number of shoots per explant up to 3.8 shoots. The results were improved by culturing the one-fourth piece of 01.092 capitulums on MS medium fortified by 0.2 mg/l BAP and 0.02 mg/l NAA producing the highest shoot formation up to 8.5 shoots per explant with 28.7 leaves per explant and 2.1 cm leaf length. High multiple shoots were determined in third to fourth subculture periods and reduced thereafter with high multiplication rate noted on 01.092 clone. Shoots were easily rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2 g/l activated charcoal. Plantlets were transferred to ex vitro condition with 96.4% survivability of 03.045 clone using Cycas rumphii bulk and cocopeat (1:1, v/v) under spraying 1 g/l Growmore (32N:10P:10K) solution once week periodically. The route has high potential applied in qualified plantlet production for other Gerbera’s due to high shoots produced up to 35 shoots per whole young capitulum used.

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7

Samarina, L., T. Kolomiets, V. Malyarovskaya, S. Gubaz, and N. Platonova. "Effect of Glutamine, Biotin and ADP on Micropropagation and Growth of Chrysanthemum hybridum, Gerbera jamesonii and Cordyline fruticosa In vitro." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 26, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v26i1.29771.

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The effect of glutamine, biotin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on growth and cultivars micropropagation of three ornamental species was investigated. The addition of 10 ? 100 mg/l glutamine in culture media significantly increased rate of multiplication in Cordyline fruticosa and 100 mg/l glutamine showed the same effect for Gerbera jamesonii. Addition of glutamine did not show any effect on shoot length, root number and length in all the three species. Addition of 1 ? 3 mg/l biotin increased shoot length of Gerbera jamesonii but inhibited shoot length of Cordyline fruticosa and decreased root length of Chrysanthemum hybridum and Gerbera jamesonii. Addition of 5.0 mg/l ADP significantly increased multiplication rate of Cordyline fruticosa and 1.0 mg/l ADP showed similar effect for Gerbera jamesonii.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 97-104, 2016 (June)

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8

Hempel, T., and M. Hempel. "LONG-TERM STORAGE OF GERBERA ROOTED IN VITRO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 212 (September 1987): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.212.53.

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9

Ahmim, Mamar, and Joachim Vieth. "Production de plantes haploïdes de Gerbera jamesonii par culture in vitro d'ovules." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-309.

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Unfertilized ovules of Gerbera jamesonii were cultivated in vitro and haploid plants were successfully regenerated. Five concentrations of sugar, and four hormonal combinations containing indole acetic acid and benzyl adenine were tested. The best results were obtained with 0.1 mg indole acetic acid/L and 0.2 mg benzyl adenine/L; 1% sugar in the medium was sufficient for callus production and regeneration of plantlets from the clone of the experimental cultivar, 'Super Gerbera'. One hundred and fifty ovules per capitulum can be cultivated and under optimal conditions a frequency of 5% haploid plantlets can be obtained.

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10

Hosoguchi, Tomoya, Yuna Uchiyama, Hinata Komazawa, Masaki Yahata, Takashi Shimokawa, and Akiyoshi Tominaga. "Effect of Three Types of Ion Beam Irradiation on Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) In Vitro Shoots with Mutagenesis Efficiency." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071480.

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Gerbera in vitro shoots were irradiated using three types of ion beams with different line energy transfers (LETs) to investigate the effective LET and absorbed doses for mutagenesis. Furthermore, genomic mutation analyses were conducted on the obtained mutants. Survival rate analysis showed a lower lethal dose 50% (LD50) with ion beams with higher LETs. Trait/morphological mutations exhibited changes in the color and shape of petals and male sterility. Irradiation conditions with the highest growth change and trait/morphological mutation rates in each ion were C irradiation at 10 Gy, Ar irradiation at 5 Gy, and Fe irradiation at 5 Gy, with a range of absorbed dose of around LD50 to about 10 Gy lower. The highest trait/morphological mutation rate was 14.1% with Ar irradiation at 5 Gy, which was one of the criteria for ion beam irradiation of gerbera in vitro shoots. Furthermore, the genomic mutation in the flower color, petal shape, and male sterile mutants were confirmed by genotype analysis using Genotyping by Random Amplicon Sequencing-Direct technology. This is the first study to report the efficient production of gerbera mutants that could be analyzed. Our findings may lead to more efficient gerbera mutant production and analysis technology.

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11

Akter, Nazma, MI Hoque, and RH Sarker. "In vitro Propagation in Three Varieties of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus.) from Flower Bud and Flower Stalk Explants." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2013): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i2.14203.

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Three types of tender leaves derived explants such as leaf tip, leaf with mid-rib and leaf blade segments as well as flower buds and flower stalks obtained from three selected varieties of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus.) cultivated in Bangladesh were exploited for callus induction and in vitro regeneration of plantlets. Among the explants flower bud and flower stalk were suitable and superior for callus induction and subsequent regeneration of in vitro shoots when cultured on MS supplemented with 5.0 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l NAA. However, highest number of multiple shoots were obtained when the flower bud derived callus was subcultured on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP. Variety with red petal showed the best response in producing multiple shoots among the three varieties. Root induction at the base of the in vitro regenerated shoots was tried using full and half the strengths of MS containing different concentrations of IBA. Best root induction was observed on half the strength of MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/l IBA. Following adequate acclimatization the regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to soil where they grew to maturity and produced flowers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i2.14203 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(2): 143-152, 2012 (December)

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12

Couto, Tarcisio Rangel do, João Sebastião de Paula Araujo, Leandro Miranda de Almeida, and João Paulo de Lima Aguilar. "ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE CULTIVARES DE Gerbera hybrida (ASTERACEAE)." Revista Científica Rural 22, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30945/rcr-v22i1.3207.

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O trabalho objetivou otimizar um protocolo de enraizamento in vitro durante a micropropagação de cultivares de gérbera. Foram testadas três cultivares de gérbera (‘Pacific’, ‘Igloo’, ‘Igor’) em DIC fatorial 3x2x2, sendo três concentrações de ANA (0; 2,68 e 5,36 µmol L-1), duas concentrações de sais do meio MS (50% e 100%) e duas concentrações de sacarose (15 e 30 g L-1), com 10 repetições e a unidade experimental um frasco com 30 mL de meio e cinco plantas. Foi utilizado o meio MS, contendo 7,5 g L-1 de ágar e pH ajustado para 5,8. Após 30 dias foram contabilizados o número de folhas, o número de raízes e a massa fresca das mudas. O tratamento com 5,36 µmol L-1 de ANA + 100% de MS + 30 g L-1 de sacarose resultou em maior massa fresca, entretanto as mudas apresentaram-se com massas de calos na base, raízes mais espessas e em menor número. Provavelmente, o que resultou em maior ganho de biomassa, porém de tamanho menor que as mudas dos outros tratamentos. Recomenda-se para enraizamento in vitro de gérberas, meio MS completo com 30 g L-1 de sacarose e ausência de ANA.

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13

Afrin Jui, Sadia, Md Mijanur Rahman Rajib, M. Mofazzal Hossain, Sharmila Rani Mallik, Iffat Jahan Nur, and Jannatul Ferdush. "In vitro callus induction of gerbera from leaf explant." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v8i1.30000.

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The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on leaf explant of Gerbera for callus induction. Various kinds of plant growth regulators such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used to initiate cultures. These were added to Murashige and Skoog medium in different combinations and concentrations. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP+ 2, 4-D+ IAA in T4 treatment & BAP+ 2,4-D in T5 treatment showed the best results for callus induction. On the other hand callus was induced early in the combination of BA+ 2,4-D + IAA hormone in T5, T9 & T8 treatment respectively. The rate of callus induction was very low in BA + NAA combinations but it was much earlier.

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14

Gantait, Saikat, and Uma Rani Sinniah. "In vitro direct rhizogenesis from Gerbera jamesonii Bolus leaf." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36, no. 11 (July 27, 2014): 3081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1643-4.

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15

Zawadzka, Marta, Paweł Trzciński, Katarzyna Nowak, and Teresa Orlikowska. "The impact of three bacteria isolated from contaminated plant cultures on in vitro multiplication and rooting of microshoots of four ornamental plants." Journal of Horticultural Research 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2013-0020.

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ABSTRACT The strains of bacteria Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, Curtobacterium pusillum and Methylobacterium extorquens were isolated as non-deleterious contaminations from hosta or raspberry tissue cultures. Microshoots of chrysanthemum, gerbera, hosta and rose were inoculated with these bacteria and their influence on shoot multiplication and rooting was evaluated. None of the investigated bacteria caused symptoms of hypersensitivity or vitropathy on the shoot explants at rooting and shoots multiplication. C. pusillum stimulated axillary shoot formation in all studied plant genotypes. Length and number of rose roots and their length were higher but number of roots and their length in chrysanthemum were lower in inoculated than in controls. The number and the length of shoots and roots in gerbera and hosta and the number of shoots in chrysanthemum inoculated with M. extorquens were higher but shoot length of chrysanthemum and rose, and root length of rose were lower as compared with controls. P. glucanolyticus influenced higher number and length of chrysanthemum shoots and root length of chrysanthemum and gerbera than noninoculated control but the number of gerbera and hosta roots was lower and root length of rose was as low as 0.2 cm. All assessed bacteria were able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen and M. extorquens and P. glucanolyticus were able to produce IAA.

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16

Bhatia, R., K. P. Singh, T. R. Sharma, and Tripta Jhang. "Evaluation of the genetic fidelity of in vitro-propagated gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) using DNA-based markers." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 104, no. 1 (August 8, 2010): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9806-5.

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17

Hernández-Pimentel, M. V. "ESTUDIO ANATÓMICO DE LA ORGANOGÉNESIS in vitro EN Gerbera jamesonii Bolus. I. ORIGEN ONTOGENÉTICO DE LOS BROTES ADVENTICIOS." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura IV, no. 02 (December 1998): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1998.03.029.

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18

Tosca, A., M. Lombardi, L. Marinoni, L. Conti, and P. Frangi. "GENOTYPE RESPONSE TO IN VITRO GYNOGENESIS TECHNIQUE IN GERBERA JAMESONII." Acta Horticulturae, no. 280 (July 1990): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.280.57.

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19

da Silva, Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa, Patricia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, Raírys Cravo Herrera, Jorge Marcelo Padovani Porto, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, and Renato Paiva. "Effectiveness of silicon sources for in vitro development of gerbera." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 141, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01768-8.

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20

Niedz, Randall P., Scott E. Hyndman, Terrence J. Evens, and Albert A. Weathersbee. "Mineral nutrition and in vitro growth of Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae)." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 50, no. 4 (June 5, 2014): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-014-9620-6.

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21

SESTRAS, Radu E. "Introduction pages." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): I—IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210769.

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Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 2, Volume 12, 2020: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches, we invite readers to find news about: evaluation of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antimicrobial activities of leaves extracts of Calotropis procera against certain human pathogens; in vitro anti-urease, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Satureja cuneifolia; impact of essential oils of clove Syzygium aromaticum in rats exposed to stress by nickel; young capitulum as important explant in in vitro mass propagation of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii); a comparative study between temporary immersion system and semi-solid cultures on shoot multiplication and plantlets production of two Moroccan date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties in vitro; effect of pretreatments on germination of seeds of the timber plant, Terminalia ivorensis and Mansonnia altissima; abundance, frequency and distribution pattern of tree species in recorded forest area of Western Himalaya; role of active transport of potassium to leaves in the mechanisms of tolerance to salinity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

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22

Ghayoor Karimiani, Z., A. Bagheri, G. H. Davarynejad, and M. Jafarkhani Kermani. "INVESTIGATING THE IN VITRO GROWTH INHIBITION OF ORYZALIN-TREATED GERBERA JAMESONII." Acta Horticulturae, no. 829 (June 2009): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.829.47.

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23

Laneri, U., R. Franconi, and P. Altavista. "SOMATIC MUTAGENESIS OF GERBERA JAMESONII HYBR.: IRRADIATION AND IN VITRO CULTURE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 280 (July 1990): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.280.64.

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24

Jerzy, M., and M. Lubomski. "IN VITRO ADVENTITIOUS BUD TECHNIQUES FOR MUTATION BREEDING OF GERBERA JAMESONII." Acta Horticulturae, no. 314 (December 1992): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.314.32.

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25

Bhatt, Deepa, M. K. Tripathi, Lal Singh, P. K. S. Gurjar, A. K. Barholia, Rajesh Jatav, and Narendra Vasure. "In vitro morphogenesis studies in gerbera jamesonii bolus ex hooker F." International Journal of Bioresource Science 2, no. 3 (2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-9541.2015.00016.x.

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26

Kumari, Shyama, Awdhesh Kumar Pal, Subhashish Sarkhel, Paramveer Singh, and Randhir Kumar. "Standardization of in vitro Mass Multiplication Protocol for Gerbera cv. Partrizia." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 04 (April 10, 2018): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.060.

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27

Mueller, D. S., Y. C. Hung, R. D. Oetting, M. W. van Iersel, and J. W. Buck. "Evaluation of Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water for Management of Powdery Mildew on Gerbera Daisy." Plant Disease 87, no. 8 (August 2003): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.965.

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Powdery mildew has been a major concern for greenhouse growers. Acidic electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water was evaluated for the management of powdery mildew on gerbera daisy. EO water significantly reduced percent powdery mildew when sprayed twice a week and when sprayed every other week, alternating with fungicides. Studies were completed to determine if EO water could be used in an integrated management system. EO water was compatible with several fungicides and insecticides in an in vitro assay. However, EO water was not compatible with thiophanate methyl at the full rate and acephate at both the half and full rates. EO water is a viable option for controlling powdery mildew on gerbera daisies and provides growers an additional tool to reduce the use of traditional fungicides in greenhouses.

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28

RUFFONI, B., A. FABBRI, P. ESPOSITO, and G. PERGOLA. "HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON IN VITRO INDUCTION OF ROOTS IN GERBERA JAMESONII HYBRIDA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 314 (December 1992): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.314.4.

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29

Kumar, S., J. K. Kanwar, and D. R. Sharma. "In vitro Regeneration of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus from Leaf and Petiole Explants." Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2004): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03263196.

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30

Jerzy, M., and M. Lubomski. "Adventitious shoot formation on ex vitro derived leaf explants of Gerbera jamesonii." Scientia Horticulturae 47, no. 1-2 (June 1991): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(91)90033-u.

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31

Dubuc-Lebreux, M. A., and J. Vieth. "Effets de rayons γ 60Co sur des vitroplants haploïdes et diploïdes de Gerbera jamesonii." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 2074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-283.

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Gerbera jamesonii ‘Super Gerbera’ explants were irradiated in vitro with 60Co γ-rays (8–100 Gy). Some received a single dose, while others received two or three at successive multiplication cycles. Several parameters were measured after 6 weeks of in vitro culture, to compare the effects of irradiation on haploid and diploid clones. Productivity is linked to the ploidy level, whereas total growth is not. Total growth inhibition is proportionate to the given dose. Callus and plantlet growth are either inhibited or stimulated, depending on the type of treatment. Callus growth is stimulated by low doses, which induce the transformation of apices into calli; treatment of successive cycles with low doses (20 and 30 Gy for diploids, 10 and 15 Gy for haploids) ensures better plantlet development. High doses inhibited growth of calli and plantlets up to the 50% level. Variations in morphology and in chlorophyll and anthocyanin content were observed among haploid and diploid irradiated explants. Plantlet production is a good criterion for an overall evaluation. Optimal dosage to ensure 50% growth and multiplication rates is estimated at 26 Gy for diploid clones and 16 Gy for haploid clones.

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32

WINARTO, Budi, Kurnia YUNIARTO, and Dan M. WEGADARA. "Axillary Shoots Derived from Thin Cell Layer and Adenine Sulphate Application in in vitro Mass Propagation of Gerbera [Gerbera jamesonii (H. Bolus ex Bolus f.)]." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11110351.

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A new route of in vitro mass propagation protocol of Gerbera jamesonii (H. Bolus ex Bolus f.) derived from application of thin cell layers (TCL) and adenine sulphate (AS) was successfully developed and established. Shoot tip explants and half-strength MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/l Swallow agar were used as explant source and basic medium. Different TCL of transversal TCL (tTCL) and longitudinal TCL (lTCL) in four slicing positions of 1, 2, 3 and 4; varieties and clones i.e. G. jamesonii ‘Black Jack’, ‘Carambole’, ‘Nuance’, ‘Violente’, 01.098 and 11.46 clone; AS concentrations viz. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/l were tested in the study. Each step of in vitro culture established had unique and specific results. In the initiation stage, first slicing position of ‘Black Jack’ shoot tip tTCL was the most optimal combination treatment to produce 7.0 shoots per explant with 13.5 leaves. The first slicing position on shoot tip explants of 01.098 clone tTCL and 20 mg/l AS in half-strength MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BAP were the most optimal combination treatment in obtaining the highest number of shoots produced per shoot up to 9.4 shoots per shoot with 34.1 leaves and 2.37 cm length of leaves in the proliferation stage, however the treatment did not give significant effect compared to control. Under periodical subcultures on the basic medium, number of shoots and leaves increased gradually from the initial culture with 3-6 shoots per shoot and 9.4-11.6 leaves till the fourth subculture with 6-11 shoots per shoot and 16.7-28.8 leaves and declined thereafter. Subculturing of shoots in accordance to produce qualified shoots for planting materials could be carried out till sixth to seventh subculture. The highest shoot multiplication rate (SMR) was established on 01.098 clone with as high as 7.3. The well shoots were easily rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BAP, 0.05 mg/l NAA and 1.5 g/l AC. Plantlets were then transferred to ex vitro condition for acclimatization on a mixture of burned-rice husk and organic manure (1:1, v/v) with 85-100% survivability. The ‘Black Jack’ and 11.46 clone were the best genotypes on the acclimatization stage with 100% survivability of plantlets. Results of the study have implication that first slicing position of shoot tip tTCL can be applied in establishing of in vitro propagation protocol for other gerberas.

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33

Soczek, U., and M. Hempel. "THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ORGANIC MEDIUM COMPOUNDS ON MULTIPLICATION OF GERBERA IN VITRO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 226 (June 1988): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.226.89.

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Hempel, M., B. Petos-Witkowska, and J. Tymoszuk. "THE INFLUENCE OF CYTOKININS ON MULTIPLICATION AND SUBSEQUENT ROOTING OF GERBERA IN VITRO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 167 (April 1985): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1985.167.32.

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35

Wang, X. H., X. F. Tan, and F. M. Hu. "STUDY ON THE ROOTING OF GERBERA JAMESONII IN VITRO IN MEDIA WITHOUT AGAR." Acta Horticulturae, no. 771 (July 2008): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.771.35.

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36

Azlina Has, Nor, Rosna Mat Taha, and Asmah Awal. "Growth Optimization and Organogenesis of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. in vitro." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 15, 2008): 1449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.1449.1454.

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37

Woltering, Ernst J. "EFFECT OF THE GASEOUS COMPOSITION ON DEVELOPMENT OF GERBERA PLANTLETS GROWN IN-VITRO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 261 (December 1989): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.261.51.

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38

Khalili, Sina, Mohsen Niazian, Mustafa Arab, and Maryam Norouzi. "In vitro chromosome doubling of African daisy, Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Mini Red." Nucleus 63, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13237-019-00282-3.

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39

Rezende, Rodrigo Kelson Silva, Luciano Vilela Paiva, Renato Paiva, Antônio Chalfun Júnior, Paula Pereira Torga, and Evaristo Mauro de Castro. "Organogênese em capítulos florais e avaliação de características anatômicas da folha de Gerbera jamesonii Adlam." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 32, no. 3 (June 2008): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542008000300018.

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Objetivou-se determinar um protocolo de micropropagação por organogênese indireta em capítulos florais de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonii Adlam) e comparar as características anatômicas de folhas de gérbera obtidas in vitro com as mantidas em condições in vivo. Capítulos florais de gérbera foram utilizados como fonte inicial de explantes para a indução de calos e regeneração. As brotações obtidas foram enraizadas in vitro e, após 30 dias, as plântulas foram aclimatizadas. Posteriormente, foram realizados estudos anatômicos de folhas provenientes do cultivo in vivo e in vitro. Obtiveram-se em média 3,2 brotações e 6,6 folhas a partir da indução de calos em capítulos florais de gérbera. Foi observada a formação de raízes na ausência e na presença de ANA, obtendo-se 100% de enraizamento. A suplementação do meio de cultura com doses crescentes de ANA promoveram um aumento linear no número de raízes e no comprimento médio de raízes. As plântulas provenientes do cultivo in vitro apresentaram taxa de 100% de sobrevivência na aclimatização. As estruturas foliares desenvolvidas in vivo apresentaram as epidermes adaxial e abaxial, parênquimas paliçádico e esponjoso mais espessos que no cultivo in vitro. O sistema vascular em folhas produzidas in vivo é mais desenvolvido que in vitro.

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40

Hasbullah, Nor A., Rosna M. Taha, Azani Saleh, and Noraini Mahmad. "Irradiation effect on in vitro organogenesis, callus growth and plantlet development of Gerbera jamesonii." Horticultura Brasileira 30, no. 2 (June 2012): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362012000200012.

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The present work was carried out to study the effects of gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of explants, callus and the formation of shoots and plantlets. Irradiation is known to exhibit or inhibit the differentiation of cells and growth of plants in vitro, which helps in producing new plant varieties. Gamma irradiation is one of the physical mutagens that are widely used for mutation breeding. A gradual decline was observed in the number of shoots regenerated from irradiated petiole explants compared to control. Numbers of shoots regenerated from irradiated petiole explant cultured on Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA was reduced to 6.6±0.9 from 7.5±0.4 (control) when explants were exposed to 20 Gray of irradiation dose. Similar observation was reported on effects of gamma irradiation on in vitro propagated plantlets. Gradual decline was observed based on plant height as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. A significant decline was observed in the fresh weight of irradiated callus compared to control. In this case, growth responses of callus were strongly influenced by the radiation dose. The fresh weight of callus was reduced to 76.4±2.2% compared to 89.7±0.5% of control when callus tissues were exposed to 20 Gy.

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Wang, Zheng, Gaoyan Li, Songlin He, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, and Michio Tanaka. "Effect of cold cathode fluorescent lamps on growth of Gerbera jamesonii plantlets in vitro." Scientia Horticulturae 130, no. 2 (September 2011): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.05.022.

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42

Dubuc-Lebreux, M. A., and J. Vieth. "Effets des rayons γ 60Co sur des tigelles de Gerbera jamesonii irradiées in vitro." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-037.

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The aim of this work was to determine the direct inhibitory effects of 60Co γ-rays on plantlets and to control them in a future program of experimental mutagenesis. Gerbera jamesonii plantlets were irradiated in vitro using two sources of 60Co γ-rays. The following variables were tested: dose rate, total dose, irradiation of the growth medium, time interval between the exposure to γ-rays and the subdivision and transfer to fresh medium, and dose fractionation. These variables were evaluated using regeneration rate of new shoots, callus production, and plantlet growth rate (fresh weight). The optimal dose ranged around 50 Gy at a low dose rate (8.4 Gy∙h−1) and 30 Gy at high dose rate (600 Gy∙h−1). These conditions assured minimal development of callus and 50% of the normal multiplication rate. The γ-irradiation may be done during a 1-week interval before or after transfer on fresh medium, without causing any additional effects. Interrupted doses (3 × 10 Gy at 48-h intervals) caused less important inhibitory effects than a single dose (30 Gy), but the intensity of the reaction varied according to clone and the measured parameter. The clone "Duplex" reacted favourably; this type of treatment ensured better callus and plantlet growth and a higher rate of regeneration. In the case of "Mardi Gras," which is less sensitive to fractionated doses, only the weight of the plantlets was significantly less reduced.

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Kwon, Min-Kyung, Hyo Hoon Nam, Jeon Joong Sung, and Jea Ha Lim. "Effect of Light-emitting Diodes on Growth of in vitro Propagules in Gerbera hybrida." Korean Society for Floricultural Science 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11623/frj.2012.20.4.233.

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44

Taha, R. M., N. A. Hasbullah, A. H. Abdul Aziz, and A. Awal. "ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO PLANTLETS AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF GERBERA JAMESONII BOLUS EX. HOOK F." Acta Horticulturae, no. 865 (June 2010): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.865.60.

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45

Podwyszynska, M., and E. Gabryszewska. "EFFECT OF RED LIGHT ON EX VITRO ROOTING OF ROSE AND GERBERA MICROCUTTINGS IN ROCKWOOL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 616 (November 2003): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.616.31.

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46

Patra, S. K., and S. Beura. "Media standardization for pre-hardening and hardening of in vitro regenerated plantlets of Gerbera cultivars." Journal of Applied Horticulture 18, no. 01 (April 15, 2016): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i01.17.

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47

Mosqueda Frómeta, Osbel, Maritza M. Escalona Morgado, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, Danilo T. Pina Morgado, and Marcos A. Daquinta Gradaille. "In vitro propagation of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker f. in a temporary immersion bioreactor." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 129, no. 3 (March 13, 2017): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1186-7.

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48

Woltering, Ernst J. "Beneficial effects of carbon dioxide on development of gerbera and rose plantlets grown in vitro." Scientia Horticulturae 44, no. 3-4 (November 1990): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(90)90135-2.

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49

Tarkowská, Danuše, Milan Kotouček, and Karel Doležal. "Electrochemical Reduction of 6-Benzylaminopurine at Mercury Electrodes and Its Analytical Application." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 6 (2003): 1076–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20031076.

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The commercial exploitation of modern, in vitro plant micropropagation methods, featuring synthetic cytokinins as essential components of the cultivation media, is rapidly increasing. Thus, development of rapid, inexpensive and less labour-intensive methods for monitoring cytokinin levels could help to optimise media consumption and reduce costs. Therefore, we studied the electrochemical behaviour of the highly active and widely used cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in aqueous solutions by DC polarography, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and constant potential coulometry. The BAP molecule undergoes a six-electron irreversible reduction process that starts with four-electron reduction of the protonated pyrimidine skeleton. As a result of elimination of the amine from the side chain, the N1=C6 electrochemically active bond is re-established and the last two-electron step follows. The intermediates of constant potential electrolysis were identified using mass spectrometric analysis. The dissociation constant (pKa) of BAP was found, spectrophotometrically, to be 4.16. BAP concentrations were measured using two voltammetric techniques, fast-scan differential pulse (FSDPV) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV). The relative standard deviations for these two methods were lower than 4.5% (c < 28.7 ng ml-1) and 1.2% (c < 20 ng ml-1), while the detection limits were 7.88 and 0.80 ng ml-1, respectively. Using these techniques, BAP was determined in two types of nutrition media used for the micropropagation of plants in vitro (Gerbera and banana media). In the case of media samples containing the interfering agent adenine (i.e. Gerbera plant medium), the analyte was preconcentrated by ion-exchange chromatography and immunoaffinity chromatography. This preconcentration process gives 92% recovery. In contrast, it was possible to determine BAP levels in simple banana cultivation medium directly, without any pre-purification process. Both methods, reported here (FSDPV and AdSV), were found to be useful for rapidly monitoring BAP consumption by plants during their growth under in vitro conditions.

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Jerzy, M., and M. Zalewska. "FLOWER COLOUR RECURRENCE IN CHRYSANTHEMUM AND GERBERA MUTANTS PROPAGATED IN VITRO FROM MERISTEMS AND LEAF EXPLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 447 (October 1997): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.447.121.

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