Academic literature on the topic 'Gérardmer'

The identity of the potential original material of <em>Juncus kochii</em> is discussed. The taxon at present is best regarded as <em>Juncus bulbosus</em> L. subsp. <em>kochii</em> (F.W. Schultz) Reichg. The relevant literature (protologue and references therein) was searched and details of all residual original elements were compiled. Taxonomic remarks are given. The herbarium material from the environs of Bitche (Moselle, Lorraine) and Gérardmer (Vosges, Lorraine) – both in France, has been rejected as useless for typification of <em>J. kochii</em> (because of taxonomic reasons), though it was listed both in the protologue and also as indirect references therein Schultz’s earlier publications.

Quelques années après sa naissance, l'office national des forêts, établissement privé d'état à caractère industriel et commercial s'est engagé dans une voie de reformes profondes. Dotée d'importants moyens humains, matériels et financiers, cette nouvelle entreprise axe sa politique de développement sur la recherche des techniques sylvicoles aptes à mieux satisfaire les attentes de la filière bois, le développement progressif des actions d'accueil du public en foret, la réalisation de grands travaux d'infrastructures. . . Dans toutes les forets choisies pour l'étude, plusieurs points ont caractérise la gestion forestière de l'office en lorraine. Profitant de son maillage territorial, l'office national des forets joue un rôle important sur le plan socio-économique en milieu rural notamment dans la fixation d'emplois. La forêt lorraine bénéficie d'une dynamique de gestion caractérisée par une nette augmentation du volume des dépenses en matière de travaux sylvicoles et d'infrastructures. En matière de recherche, l'office national des forêts a su maintenir des liens très étroits avec plusieurs organismes. L’avancée des recherches en écologie forestière a permis aux forestiers d'intégrer l'importante notion de stations forestières dans les forets qu'ils gèrent. . La gestion des équilibres agro-sylvo-cynegetiques, la protection des milieux naturels sont parmi les points qui ont caractérise les massifs de Verdun, de Gérardmer, de Haye et de La Reine. Cette gestion s'est concrétisée sur le terrain par l'amélioration constante du suivi des plans de chasse, la création de réserves biologiques et plusieurs autres activités qui favorisent les équilibres entre les milieux. Le développement du tourisme s'est distingue en lorraine par la création d'infrastructures destinées à l'accueil du public aussi bien en forêts domaniales qu'en forêt des collectivités
Few years after its creation, the office national des forets (national office of forest), an industrial and commercial based national private establishment, embarked on a programme of deep reforms. Equipped with considerable human, material and financial means, this new company directs its development programme towards research of silvicultural techniques capable of giving a better satisfaction to the expectations of the wood industry, progressive development of reception operations of the public in the forest, execution of heavy infrastructural works. . . Among all the forest selected for this study, many points characterized forest management of the office in Lorraine. . Taking advantage of its territorial network, the office national des forets plays an important socio-economic role in rural areas particularly in creating employment. . The forest in Lorraine enjoys dynamics of management characterized by the net increase of the volume of expenditures in the areas of silvicultural and infrastructural works. With regards to research, the office national des forets maintains a tight link with several organisms. Research progress in the forest ecology has enabled forest workers to integrate the important notion of forest stations in the forest which they manage. . Maintenance of agro-sylvo-cynegetics equilibrium, protection of natural sites are some of the reasons that characterize the clump of Verdun, Gerardmer, Haye and Reine. This management is materialized in the field by the constant improvement of the follow-up of the hunting programme, creation of biolocal reserves and many other activities which favor equilibrium between sites. . Development of tourism in Lorraine stood out by the creation of infrastructures for the reception of public in forest in domanial as well as community forms

Founding member of a banking network related to the actual BNP Paribas Group, Meyer Joseph Cahen (1804-1881), adopted the “d’Anvers” when he settled in Paris in 1849. Born in Bonn, of an Ashkenazi family, he made his fortune in the Belgian city to which he associated his name, and he continued his career in France. Owner of Nainville’s castle (Essonne) and of the Petit Hôtel de Villars (Paris), he became a naturalized French citizen in 1865. The next year, he obtained the title of Count, bestowed upon him by the King of Italy Victor-Emmanuel II, thanks to the economic support he offered to the Italian Unification. Nineteen years later, King Humbert I surpassed his predecessor and raised Meyer Joseph’s eldest son, Édouard (1832-1894), to the status of Marquis of Torre Alfina. If his siblings – Emma (1833-1901), Louis (1837-1922), Raphaël (1841-1900) and Albert (1846-1903) – enrooted their pathways in the French capital, the eldest lived between Florence, Naples and Rome: he was one of the great investors involved in the urban renovation of the Italian capital, after the fall of the papacy. In France, as well as in Italy, art, and especially architecture, served to legitimize the recent nobility of a family that wished to express the fullness of its civil rights. As targets of the anti-Semitic press, the Cahen d’Anvers family experienced the consequences of the Dreyfus Affair and the horrors of the racial laws. Before the latter, they adopted what could be defined as a “top-down model of integration”. This thesis focuses on its mechanisms and development. After tracing the patriarch’s origins, it analyses the family’s matrimonial policies and it continues with an exploration of Cahen d’Anvers’ “choices” in the vast field of culture. In their salons, the readers will meet Guy de Maupassant, Paul Bourget, Marcel Proust and Gabriele D’Annunzio, as well as Auguste Renoir and Léon Bonnat. Twelve mansions offered a perfect stage for these intellectual gatherings. As a public manifestation of the family’s economic and social power, the historicist eclecticism of these properties aimed to represent the owners as a new phalanx of the old nobility. While Forge-Philippe’s manor (Wallonia), Gérardmer’s chalet (Vosges) and Villa della Selva (Umbria) expressed a certain openness to the twentieth century novelties, the three residences rented by the family (Hôtel du Plessis-Bellière, Paris; Palazzo Núñez-Torlonia, Rome; Château de la Jonchère, Yvelines) and the two properties of Meyer Joseph, as well as Rue de Bassano’s mansion (Paris) or the castles of Champs (Seine-et-Marne), Bergeries (Essonne) and Torre Alfina (Latium) dressed up their nineteenth century spaces with Ancien Régime motifs. Thanks to their historical knowledge and taste, the architects Destailleur, Giuseppe Partini and Eugène Ricard, as well as the landscapers Henri and Achille Duchêne, were able to bend the Middle Age, the Renaissance and the 18th century’s “grammars” to their patrons’ taste and ambitions.