Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geothermal geology

Academic literature on the topic 'Geothermal geology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Geothermal geology"

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TOMASZEWSKA, Barbara, Marta DENDYS, and Leszek PAJĄK. "ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUPPORTED BY A MATHEMATICAL MODELING AS THE BASIC STAGE OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN GEOTHERMY FIELD." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 471 (October 1, 2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4931.

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Geothermal groundwaters are deposits that must be categorised as a mining property. Their exploitation is possible with a mining concession and permission of use. Geothermal groundwaters in Poland are used in heating, balneotherapy and recreation purposes. Over the last years, investigations have been carried out to intensify the use of geothermal groundwaters. They can be used as new geothermal products, for example as a mineralised concentrate. Investment projects related to geothermal groundwaters should be prepared with care about safe and sustained exploitation in long-term perspective. Using of geothermal groundwaters is determined by technical and economical conditions. However, successful exploitation depends also on natural conditions e.g. water temperature, physical features, chemical composition and durability of parameters, and renewability of resources. Recognition of these elements give a basic information that nowadays can be integrated as mathematical models. The models are created to analyse and simulate the conditions of geothermal systems. It often happens before starting project operating activities. The paper presents examples of projects carried out over the recent years. They have been associated with the using and management of geothermal groundwaters and the key role has been played by mathematical modelling in the field of geothermy and hydrogeology.
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Mazzoli, Stefano. "Geothermal Energy and Structural Geology." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 8074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218074.

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Dai, Peng, Kongyou Wu, Gang Wang, Shengdong Wang, Yuntao Song, Zhenhai Zhang, Yuehan Shang, Sicong Zheng, Yinsheng Meng, and Yimin She. "Geothermal Geological Characteristics and Genetic Model of the Shunping Area along Eastern Taihang Mountain." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080919.

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Knowledge about subsurface geological characteristics and a geothermic genetic model plays an essential role in geothermal exploration and resource assessment. To solve the problem in the Shunping area along eastern Taihang Mountain, geothermal geological conditions were analyzed by geophysical, geochemical, and geological methods, such as magnetotelluric, gas geochemistry, and structural analysis. The geothermic genetic model was developed by analyzing the characteristics of the heat source, water source, migration channel, reservoir, and cap rock of the geothermal geological conditions. Favorable deep thermal conduction conditions and sufficient atmospheric precipitation in the study area provide an original heat source and water supply for geothermal formation. The faults and unconformities of different scales have become effective channels for the migration of underground hot water. The thermal reservoir formed by marine carbonate rocks with karst fissure development provides suitable space for the storage of underground hot water. Although the Cenozoic strata have good thermal insulation and water insulation function, the thermal insulation and water insulation effect is not ideal because of the shallow coverage in the Shunping area and the damage by tectonic action, which affected thermal insulation and water insulation to some extent, restricting the practical preservation of underground heat energy in the Shunping area. The bedrock geothermal resource in the Shunping area is original from the combined action of multiple indexes of source, transport, reservoir, and cap. The geothermal geologic conditions of source and reservoir in the Shunping area are very similar to those in the Xiongan new area, and have obvious advantages in hydrodynamic conditions. Although limited by the cap’s effectiveness, the geothermal resources in the Shunping area can provide some clean energy support for local production and life, thereby satisfying economic development conditions and encouraging further geological exploration.
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Zhang, Xiao Ling, Hong Zhan Liu, and Kang Chen. "Geothermal Geology Characteristic and Origin Analysis of Shilin Basin in Yunnan Province." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1449.

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based on geothermal anomalies and geothermal wells of Shilin basin, the structure of geothermal reservoirs, geothermal geological characteristics and hydrochemistry of thermal groundwater are examined. Geothermal reservoir of the geothermal field is Proterozoic Sinian dolomite and dolomitic limestone. Characteristic of geothermal water runoff and geothermal field are controlled by Jiuxiang fracture and Niutoushan ancient mainland. The drillings data shows that the temperature gradient is 1.5-4.8°C/100m. Deep circulation is the main origin of geothermal water. The chemical type of geothermal water is HCO3-Ca, and high silicic acid content. The geothermal water supply is limited from the hydrogeological conditions; we should control the development and utilization.
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Shang, Yun Hu, Li Qing Liang, Peng Yuan Xu, An Da Zhang, and Yang Shen. "Prospecting and Evaluation of Geothermal Resources in Julang Pasture Area, Lindian County." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.451.

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Based on collecting the regional survey data and prospecting the study region of geothermal geology and geothermal fluid characteristics, evaluate the geothermal energy reserves and the recoverable reserves of geothermal water uses geothermal reserve method and analytical method in Julang Pasture, and evaluates the geothermal fluid quality comprehensively. The above evaluation provides a preliminary basis for sustainable development, utilization and protection of geothermal resources in that region.
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Ogoso-Odongo, Meshack E. "Geology of the Olkaria geothermal field." Geothermics 15, no. 5-6 (January 1986): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(86)90087-8.

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Wood, C. P. "Geology of the rotorua geothermal system." Geothermics 21, no. 1-2 (February 1992): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(92)90066-i.

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SONG, Guofeng, Xianzhi SONG, Gensheng LI, Ruina XU, Wenjiong CAO, and Chenru Zhao. "Multi‐objective Optimization of Geothermal Extraction from the Enhanced Geothermal System in Qiabuqia Geothermal Field, Gonghe Basin." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 95, no. 6 (December 2021): 1844–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14875.

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Yan, Hua, Zhi Yuan Ma, Ting Li, and Guang Liang Niu. "Environmental Isotope Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Instructions of Geothermal Water in Xianyang Urban Area." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4161.

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In order to find out the origin of geothermal water in Xianyang urban area and provide scientific basis for sustainable use, taking the geothermal water as study object, we systematically studied supply circulation mechanism of geothermal water in Xianyang urban area through environmental isotope hydrogeochemical methods, and come to the conclusion: geothermal water in Xianyang urban area is bounded by shore fracture of Wei River, which shows totally different hydrogeochemical features. The differences suggests that the geothermal water belongs to different tectonic geology units and sedimentary environment. The distribution characteristics of environmental isotope such as δD、δ18O and 14C confirmed that geothermal water exists contact between the study area and northwest of Wei River. The supply water source of geothermal water comes from the atmospheric precipitation of Holocene in northwest direction, its updating ability is poor except partial deep fault slightly being recharged from modern atmospheric water.
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Cheng, Arthur. "President's Page: Geothermal energy: Current and future." Leading Edge 41, no. 9 (September 2022): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41090588.1.

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Geothermal energy is a key component and crucial part of the transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy. There are many places on earth where one can produce significant amounts of electricity from geothermal reservoirs. In addition to electricity generation, geothermal energy is used extensively for space heating. The identification, construction, and operation of a geothermal energy system requires the combined expertise of geologists, engineers, and geophysicists. As we strive for carbon-neutral energy solutions, geothermal energy will play an increasingly important part in our future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geothermal geology"

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Malkemus, Donnel Alexander. "Geothermometry of Two Cascade Geothermal Systems." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3369.

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For this thesis I applied classical and multi-component geothermometry techniques to new water chemistry data from Breitenbush Hot Springs, Oregon and the Wind River Valley, Washington. A total of 20 well, spring, and stream samples from Breitenbush Hot Springs and 4 spring samples from the Wind River Valley were collected and analyzed for major, minor, and select trace anions and cations, as well as stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. I used two computer programs, GeoT and RTEst, to conduct multi-component geothermometry reservoir condition estimation on each water sample. Water chemistry data from Breitenbush Hot Springs indicates a range of thermal, nonthermal, and mixed waters in wells and springs. Isotope data from Breitenbush Hot Springs indicates that thermal water is a mix between "andesitic waters" (6-10%) and meteoric water (90-94%) from the crest of the Oregon Cascades. Classical and multi-component geothermometry conducted for Breitenbush samples for this thesis suggest a reservoir temperature of approximately 137º C, which is close to the bottom hole temperature recorded in the nearby 2,457 meter deep SUNEDCO well of 141º C, but contrasts with previous applications of geothermometry which estimate a reservoir temperature between 170 and 180º C for the system. Reservoir estimates from this thesis for the Wind River Valley hot spring samples range from 80 to 100º C, which is consistent with previous studies. Multi-component geothermometry optimization indicates a loss of CO2 (i.e. degassing) during the water's ascent at both Breitenbush Hot Springs and the Wind River Valley, and that dilution from nonthermal water occurs in some samples from both areas. Multi-component geothermometry estimates were generally consistent between RTEst and GeoT; inconsistencies were primarily due to differences between the thermodynamic databases used for each program. Appendices A-E are included here as supplemental files.
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Savage, Shannon Lea. "Mapping changes in Yellowstone's geothermal areas." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/savage/SavageS0809.pdf.

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Yellowstone National Park (YNP) contains the world's largest concentration of geothermal features, and is legally mandated to protect and monitor these natural features. Remote sensing is a component of the current geothermal monitoring plan. Landsat satellite data have a substantial historical archive and will be collected into the future, making it the only available thermal imagery for historical analysis and long-term monitoring of geothermal areas in the entirety of YNP. Landsat imagery from Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors was explored as a tool for mapping geothermal heat flux and geothermally active areas within YNP and to develop a change analysis technique for scientists to utilize with additional Landsat data available from 1978 through the foreseeable future. Terrestrial emittance and estimates of geothermal heat flux were calculated for the entirety of YNP with two Landsat images from 2007 (TM) and 2002 (ETM+). Terrestrial emittance for fourteen summer dates from 1986 to 2007 was calculated for defined geothermal areas and utilized in a change analysis. Spatial and temporal change trajectories of terrestrial emittance were examined. Trajectories of locations with known change events were also examined. Relationships between the temporal clusters and spatial groupings and several change vectors (distance to geologic faults, distance to large water bodies, and distance to earthquake swarms) were explored. Finally, TM data from 2007 were used to classify geothermally active areas inside the defined geothermal areas as well as throughout YNP and a 30-km buffer around YNP. Estimations of geothermal heat flux were inaccurate due to inherent limitations of Landsat data combined with complexities arising from the effects of solar radiation and spatial and temporal variation of vegetation, microbes, steam outflows, and other features at each geothermal area. Terrestrial emittance, however, was estimated with acceptable results. The change analysis showed a relationship between absolute difference in terrestrial emittance and earthquake swarms, with 34% of the variation explained. Accuracies for the classifications of geothermally active areas were poor, but the method used for classification, random forest, could be a suitable method given higher resolution thermal imagery and better reference data.
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Spake, Phillip. "Geothermal Exploration North of Mount St. Helens." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/585881.

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Geology
M.S.
Active seismicity and volcanism north of Washington state’s Mount St. Helens provide key ingredients for hydrothermal circulation at depth. This broad zone of seismicity defines the St. Helens Seismic Zone, which extends well north of the volcanic edifice below where several faults and associated fractures in outcrop record repeated slip, dilation, and alteration indicative of localized fluid flow. Candidate reservoir rocks for a geothermal system include marine metasediments overlain by extrusive volcanics. The colocation of elements comprising a geothermal system at this location is tested here by analysis of the structures potentially hosting a reservoir, their relationship to the modern stress state, and temperature logs to a depth of 250 m. Outcrop mapping and borehole image log analysis down to 244 m document highly fractured volcaniclastic deposits and basalt flows. Intervening ash layers truncate the vertical extent of most structures. However, large strike slip faults with well-developed fault cores and associated high fracture density cross ash layers; vein filling and alternation of the adjacent host rock in these faults suggest they act as vertically extensive flow paths. These faults and associated fractures record repeated slip, dilation, and healing by various dolomite, quartz, and hematite, as well as clay alteration, indicative of long-lived, localized fluid flow. In addition, where these rocks are altered by igneous intrusion, they host high fracture density that facilitated heat transfer evidenced by associated hydrothermal alteration. Breakouts in image logs indicate the azimuth of SHmax in the shear zone is broadly consistent with both the GPS plate convergence velocity field as well as seismically active strike slip faults and strike-slip faults mapped in outcrop and borehole image logs. However, the local orientation of SHmax varies by position relative to the edifice and in some cases with depth along the borehole making a simple regional average SHmax azimuth misleading. Boreholes within the seismic zone display a wider variety of fracture attitudes than those outside the shear zone, potentially promoting permeability. Temperature profiles in these wells all indicate isothermal conditions at average groundwater temperatures, consistent with rapidly flowing water localized within fractures. Together, these results indicate that the area north of Mount Saint Helens generates and maintains porosity and permeability suggesting that conditions necessary for a geothermal system are present, although as yet no modern heat source or hydrothermal circulation was detected at shallow depth.
Temple University--Theses
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Varriale, Jerome A. "The MH-2 Core from Project Hotspot: Description, Geologic Interpretation, and Significance to Geothermal Exploration in the Western Snake River Plain, Idaho." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4677.

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The MH-2 science drill hole, on Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, was drilled in 2012 to a total depth 1821 m as part of Project Hotspot. It encountered flowing artesian thermal water at 1,745 m below ground surface. This signature of a potential blind high temperature geothermal resource indicates that further analyses are needed to characterize the resource. Whole rock core was recovered to a total depth of 1821 m below ground surface and a suite of wireline logs collected. In this thesis I describe the lithologies represented in the core, correlate these lithologies to outcrop analogs, and identify and characterize petrophysical properties observable within the wireline logs, which represent fine-scale variations in stratigraphy, composition and/or alteration. The lithologies in the core are a series of basalts, brecciated and altered basalt, basaltic sands, carbonate-rich muds, and siliciclastic sediments. Basalt flows with evidence of increasing influence of an aqueous environment with time typify the lower half of core, whereas the upper half represents a period of diminished volcanism, lacustrine depositional environment, and a catastrophic water overflow event. The top of the core represents a resurgence of basaltic volcanism in the area. An overprint of brecciation at depth, fracturing, and secondary mineralization records the history of the geothermal system. All the elements of a relatively shallow and potentially energy generating geothermal resource are present at the MH-2 well location. These new data from the MH-2 borehole contributes to evaluating a parallel geothermal risk assessment of the Snake River Plain. Play fairway analysis was implemented for perhaps the first time in a geothermal regime. The Snake River Plain was divided up into three distinct play types; the area surrounding the Mountain Home Air Force Base was systematically identified as prospective. A region where sedimentary and altered rocks may create a seal, and blind faults create porosity in deep basalts.
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Miller, Joshua K. "A conceptual model of the Pilgrim Hot Springs geothermal system, Seward Peninsula, Alaska." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550238.

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This work has developed a conceptual geological model for the Pilgrim Hot Springs geothermal system supporting the exploration, assessment and potential development of this resource for direct use and electric power production. The development of this model involved the analysis of a variety of subsurface and geophysical data and the construction of a 3D lithostratigraphic block model. Interpretation of the data and block model aimed to establish the most likely scenario for subsurface geothermal fluid flow. As part of this work, well cuttings were analyzed for permeability and correlated with geophysical logs from well to well to constrain the stratigraphic architecture of the unconsolidated sediments. Hydrothermal alteration of the sediments and bedrock core was also studied through reflectance spectroscopy and methylene blue titration in order to investigate past fluid migration pathways. The structure of the basin was interpreted through geophysical surveys including aeromagnetic resistivity, isostatic gravity, and magnetotelluric resistivity. Based on temperature, well logs, geophysical surveys, and lithologic data, the system is subdivided into a shallow outflow aquifer and a deeper reservoir beneath a clay cap connected by a conduit with 91°C hydrothermal fluid upflow. Stratigraphic correlations indicate several clay layers throughout the section with a dominant clay cap at 200-275 m depth. Extensive pyritization and the clay mineral assemblage suggest an argillic-style alteration facies indicative of past temperatures at or slightly elevated above current conditions of hydrothermal activity at Pilgrim Hot Springs. The conceptual model supports production from this resource in those subsurface zones where there is sufficient permeability and connectivity with the upflow zone.

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Faizy, Shelly Mardhia. "Assessing a Modeling Standard in Volcanic-Geothermal Systems: the Effects of the Lower System Boundary." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-438664.

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Geothermal energy consumption is projected to increase along with other renewable energy in the future. Therefore, it is important to have a better understanding on the evolution of geothermal systems to optimize the exploitation of such resources. Generally, numerical models are used as a fundamental tool to study a potential geothermal field. However, current modeling practices tend to focus on the shallow area around the heat source, while ignoring the deeper part below the heat source. The purpose of this project is to observe the influence of lower boundary at the bottom of intrusion towards the evolution of geothermal system, while changing the permeability and topography of host rock systematically, using a software from USGS called HYDROTHERM. Simulations differed in three main aspects: 1) having a layer below, or having the bottom boundary directly below intrusion, 2) different topographies with volcanic significance, and 3) varying permeabilities of the host rock. The study is based on a fossil geothermal system, the Cerro Bayo laccolith in Chachahuén volcanic complex (Neuquén Basin), Argentina. The input parameters were obtained in several ways. ILMAT Geothermometry analysis provide the temperature value related to the intrusion. The whole rock data is used to determined density of the intrusion by calculating partial molar volume of the oxides. The other parameters, e.g. densities of the host rock and the impermeable layer, permeability, porosity, and thermal conductivity were obtained from literature. The result from numerical modeling shows that the bottom boundary below intrusion strongly affect the entire system evolution. The added layer (with constant permeability) has strong influence on the life-span of the system. Additionally, while taking into account on the variation of topography and permeabilities, the models show two temperature anomalies: 1) A caldera volcano’s geometry “traps” heat below the caldera, whereas shield and strato-volcano geometries “push” heat away from below the volcanic edifice, and 2) a low temperature anomaly develops beneath the intrusion in all high permeability models with an added layer. Finally, this assessment could prove to be useful as prior knowledge for optimizing the extraction of heat from a given geothermal field, as well as future investigations towards geological applicability of numerical models of geothermal systems, hydrothermal alteration, and ore formation processes.
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McLachlan, Holly S. "Stratigraphy, Structure, and Fluid Flow at the Soda Lake Geothermal Field, Western Nevada, USA." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841261.

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This study assessed the geologic setting of the Soda Lake geothermal field, which lies in the southern part of the Carson Sink basin of northwestern Nevada within the Basin and Range of the western USA. The Basin and Range is a world-class geothermal province with significant untapped potential, particularly in blind (no surface hot springs or steam vents) geothermal systems. Blind systems probably comprise the majority of geothermal resources in the region, with many lying buried under thick accumulations of sediments in the broad basins that make up >50% of the province. Locating fault-hosted blind geothermal systems in these basins is challenging, and identifying the most prospective parts of these systems is even more demanding. The Soda Lake geothermal field is one of the more deeply buried known systems in this region. This study was undertaken to elucidate the stratigraphic and structural framework of the Soda Lake field, and to determine the probable controls on fluid flow in the production areas. Due to the depth of basin-fill sediments at the Soda Lake field, the structural setting and specific controls on fluid flow are not discernable at the surface. However, the Soda Lake geothermal field has produced electricity for over 30 years, and a wealth of subsurface data has been acquired since the field was first targeted for geothermal exploration in 1972-73. The abundant well data and geophysical surveys in particular provided a foundation for investigation of the geologic setting of the field.

This study was divided into three major parts. In the initial part of the study, a stratigraphic framework was developed for the Soda Lake area from analysis of cuttings, borehole geophysical logs, and radiometric dates of key igneous units. It was validated against exposed stratigraphic sections in the surrounding ranges and interpreted basin-fill sections derived from wells across the Carson Sink basin. Pursuant to this in the second part of the study, a comprehensive 3D geologic model of the Soda Lake field was construct from three inputs: 1) the new stratigraphic framework model, 2) bedding attitude estimates from seismic reflection surveys and borehole logs, and 3) a fault framework derived from both well data and geophysical surveys. The Soda Lake fault framework had been modeled from seismic reflection and borehole data in previous studies. In this study, one of the seismic fault pick sets was enhanced along strike and extended to >2 km depth using well data and forward modeled gravity. This enhanced fault framework served as the initial input to the Soda Lake geologic model. A ‘horizon model’ based on stratigraphic well intercepts and attitude data was then built around the fault framework to generate a 3D geologic block model for the Soda Lake field. In the final phase of this study, the Soda Lake temperature anomaly was modeled in a series of cross-sections extracted from the geologic model. The temperature anomaly was interpreted in context with the geologic model and production data in order to identify the main upwelling and outflow conduits. Key controls on fluid upwelling and probable fluid flow pathways were catalogued based on the spatial relationship between the temperature anomaly and the geologic model of the field area.

There are three major stratigraphic divisions at the Soda Lake geothermal field. The field is situated in and beneath ∼900-1100 m of unconsolidated basin-fill sediments. The basin-fill section is divided into an upper 300-500 m thick, relatively coarse-grained, quartzo-feldspathic unit, and a lower ∼150-300 m thick mud-rich unit. The unconsolidated basin fill is interrupted by a 5.1 Ma trachyandesite body that is up to ∼750 m thick in the central part of the Soda Lake well field. The body consists of a buried vent edifice near one of the main production wells, 50-90 m thick outflow aprons, and a conical root on the west side of the well field that can be traced to the Miocene bedrock contact. About 1 km of Miocene bedrock underlies the basin-fill section. The Miocene bedrock section is dominated by mafic lavas, interbedded with lesser tuff, clastic sedimentary rocks, and minor limestone. No early Miocene or Oligocene strata have been found at the Soda Lake field area. The middle to late Miocene section overlies Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic basement and Jurassic-Cretaceous granite. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

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Kent, Tyler. "Comparing Deformation at Soda Lake Geothermal Field from GPS and 3D Seismic." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1540191.

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The transition between the two distinct structural regimes of the Walker Lane and the Basin and Range allows for complex transtensional fault interactions. The Carson Sink is the surface expression of the interaction of shear and extensional strains that cause both crustal extension and block rotation. This study investigates this tectonic shift at the Soda Lake geothermal field by comparing the direction and rate of deformation from both regional GPS and a 34 sq km 3D seismic survey. The GPS stations in the region estimate the strain field by comparing tensor solutions that show changing direction and magnitude of strain across the Carson Sink. Using stations surrounding the Soda Lake 3D seismic survey, the strain tensor produced is comparable in orientation to Basin and Range strain but has larger magnitudes. To quantify deformation within the Soda Lake 3D seismic survey, we calculate fault dip and offset of a deformed paleo-planer lacustrine mudstone. Plotting the mean dip direction of the faults in the seismic reflectivity, matches the mean surrounding GPS extensional direction, suggesting fault displacement is likely to be normal dipslip. Using a minimum age of 0.51 Ma from nearby sedimentation rates, the measured extension across the 5.4 km length of this study has a rate of 0.19 mm/yr. This is quite a high value for Basin and Range extension and it is likely a result of some influence from the Northern Walker Lane. The lack of an obvious piercing point for shear observed within the seismic volume precludes a clear estimate of strike-slip related motion within the Soda Lake 3D seismic survey. Clear extension and a large fault bend, indicates a localized relay ramp model. With focused extension indicated by two late Quaternary extrusive volcanic bodies, a model of a transtensional pull-apart basin is also considered. Given the few mapped intrabasinal faults at the surface, this study gives a unique view into fault offsets inside the Carson Sink.

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Gestsson, Einar Bessi. "Geothermal Potential of Sub-Volcanic Intrusions in a Typical Caldera Setting." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mineralogi, petrologi och tektonik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354072.

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Sub-volcanic intrusions can form an extensive network of sills, dikes and other intrusion types that make up a plumbing system beneath volcanoes. Such intrusions are the heat source for high-temperature geothermal systems in volcanic areas and therefore, it is of great importance to study them in relation to geothermal exploration and production. In this thesis a part of the plumbing system of Breiðuvík caldera, an eroded central volcano in northeastern Iceland, is studied. A set of magmatic intrusions showing a great range in size and shapes, is exposed in Leirfjall, a mountain composed of the eroded caldera infill of the Breiðuvík volcanic system. Data from these intrusions and their host rock is used as the foundation for numerical modeling using finite element method (FEM) constructed in this thesis. The numerical modeling assumes heat transfer in porous media including conduction and convection where fluid flow is governed by the Darcy‘s law. The aims of it is to compare the cooling times of different intrusions and the temperature distribution caused by intrusions of different sizes and shapes. To obtain input parameters for the numerical modeling, a thermometry study based on the mineral chemistry of the magmatic intrusions in Leirfjall is conducted and the thermal and physical properties of the sedimentary host rock are estimated, while literature values are used for basaltic lava and hyaloclastite host rocks for comparison. The results of the numerical modeling suggest that higher maximum values of increased temperature are reached above one thick intrusions compared to multiple thinner intrusions. When comparing dikes and sills, the dikes raise the maximum temperature of the host rock more than the sills, while the sills raise the average temperature above the intrusions more than dikes. Results of the estimated heat transfer from an arrangement of intrusions similar to what is observed in Leirfjall suggests that a significant increase in maximum increased temperature caused by the intrusions would be short-lived, while the average increase would still be constant over a longer time. Despite of the simplified structure of the numerical models it is the hope that they will provide inspiring data for further research and contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the shallow magmatic intrusions and geothermal systems.
Vulkaner är en viktig energikälla i många länder runt om i världen. Geotermisk vätska och ånga av högtemperatur som finns i vulkanområden kan utnyttjas för bland annat elproduktion och fjärrvärme. Värmekällan till de geotermiska områdena är magma som ligger ytligt i jordskorpan. All magma når inte ytan i utbrott, utan stannar under vulkanen i form av magmaintrusioner. Intrusionerna av olika former och storlekar utgör ett nätverk som tillsammans utgör vulkanens magma transportsystem. I denna studie studeras en uppsättning av magmaintrusioner på nordöstra Island. Intrusionerna har en gång befunnit sig längre ner i jordskorpan under ett aktivt vulkanområde men exponeras nu vid ytan på grund av glacial erosion. Intrusionernas storlek och form varierar, men de flesta återfinns som gångar, både vertikala och horisontella. När en magmatintrusion bildas värms omkringliggande berggrund och grundvatten upp. Studiens fokus är att undersöka hur temperaturfördelningen i omgivningen skiljer sig vid en stor intrusion jämfört med flera mindre intrusioner med totalt samma volym. Även effekten från olika typer av berggrund runt intrusionerna studerades genom att jämföra temperaturfördelningen och kylningstiderna för intrusioner i tre vanliga bergarter. Numerisk modellering användades för att besvara dessa frågor. Bergarternas fysiska och termiska egenskaper krävdes som ingångsparametrar för den numeriska modelleringen. Parametrana uppskattades genom laboratorieexperiment och termometriberäkningar från fältprover. Värden från publicerat material användes också i modelleringen. Resultaten från den numeriska modelleringen antyder att högre maximivärden för temperaturen nås i berget över en stor, enskild intrusion jämfört med flera mindre intrusioner. När man jämför vertikala og horisontella gångar, ökar de vertikala gångarna berggrundens temperatur mer än de horisontella, medan medeltemperaturen ökar mer över horisontella gångar än i vertikala gångar. Trots den numeriska modellens förenklade struktur är förhoppningen att den nya datan kan inspirera vidare forskning, och bidra till en bättre förståelse om förhållandet mellan grunda magmaintrusioner och geotermiska system.
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Skog, Gabriella. "Current Status and Future Outlook of Geothermal Reinjection: A Review of the Ongoing Debate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-383963.

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Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source which has not yet had the same breakthrough as other renewables, e.g. solar PV and wind. There may still be some technical issues to be solved before geothermal can reach its full potential.One of these technical challenges concerns reinjection, i.e. the return of geothermal fluids back into the ground after surface energy extraction. In traditional geothermal energy utilization, hot geothermal fluid is brought up from underground reservoirs to the surface. Depending on the design of the power plant, the fluid can either be kept one-phased or get separated into two phases, i.e. hot steam and water. Hot steam, or vapor of another working fluid, is used to drive electricity generating turbines. Whether the condensate is returned back into to the ground after energy extraction, i.e. reinjected, is nowadays usually a matter of how rather than if. However, the magnitude and strategy varies in countries as well as for specific power plant operators.From a sustainable management perspective, the majority of operators as well as scientist agree that reinjection is the best way practice in order to take care of a resource and leave the smallest possible environmental footprint. However, it is a quite complicated and not always problem free operation. There are numerous examples where reinjection has led to complications such as scaling, induced seismicity and cooling of the reservoir. The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of geothermal reinjection from a neutral third-party perspective, e.g. by describing current obstacles and negative as well as positive outcomes. The aim is to conclude whether current technology is enough to successfully reinject, or if there are still some gaps of knowledge to fill. The method consists partly of a literature study of previously written technical reports but also of interviews with experts in the area. In addition, the study summarizes the legal framework regarding reinjection in some geothermal active countries, e.g. if it is required by law or not. Although currently technology is enough to do a fairly good job at reinjecting geothermal fluids, the result of the study also shows that there are still some technical barriers to overcome in order to fully optimize it. However, it remains the best currently known way to keep geothermal energy sustainable. Better technologies will be needed in order for geothermal to reach its fully green potential.
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Books on the topic "Geothermal geology"

1

Yang, Jianwen. Geothermal energy: Technology, and geology. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Geothermal energy in the USSR: A survey of resources, methodology, geology, and use. Falls Church, VA (7700 Leesburg Pike, #212, Falls Church 22043): Delphic Associates, 1985.

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Gürler, Barbaros. Die Geologie der Umgebung von Basel mit Hinweisen über die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der Erdwärme. Bern: Stämpfli ₊ Cie, 1987.

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Leiss, Bernd. Neue Untersuchungen zur Geologie der Leinetalgrabenstruktur: Bausteine zur Erkundung des geothermischen Potentials der Region Göttingen. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2011.

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Myron, Dorfman, Morton Robert A, University of Texas at Austin. Center for Energy Studies., University of Texas at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology., and University of Texas at Austin. College of Engineering., eds. Geopressured-geothermal energy: Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Gulf Coast Geopressured-Geothermal Energy Conference : February 4-6, 1985, the University of Texas at Austin. New York: Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Bryan, T. Scott. Geysers: What they are and how they work. Niwot, Colo: Roberts Rinehart, 1990.

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Allis, R. G. Subsidence prediction in New Zealand geothermal fields. Lower Hutt, N.Z: Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited, 1998.

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Anderson, John Edward. A preliminary geologic reconnaissance of the geothermal occurrences of the Wood River drainage area. Boise, Idaho: Idaho Dept. of Water Resources, 1985.

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Friedman, Irving. Monitoring of thermal activity in southwest Yellowstone National Park. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988.

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Wada, Nobuhiko. Nishi Iburi chiiki no chishitsu to jinetsu shigen. Sapporo-shi: Hokkaidōritsu Chika Shigen Chōsajo, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geothermal geology"

1

Glassley, William E. "Geothermal Energy geothermal energy , Geology geothermal energy geology and Hydrology geothermal energy hydrology of." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 4179–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_230.

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Glassley, William E. "Geothermal Energy geothermal energy , Geology geothermal energy geology and Hydrology geothermal energy hydrology of." In Renewable Energy Systems, 761–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_230.

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Glassley, William E. "Geology and Hydrology of Geothermal Energy." In Power Stations Using Locally Available Energy Sources, 23–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7510-5_230.

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Glassley, William E. "Geothermal Energy, Geology and Hydrology of." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_230-3.

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Mahala, Subash Chandra. "Characteristics of Geothermal Gases." In Geology, Chemistry and Genesis of Thermal Springs of Odisha, India, 75–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90002-5_6.

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Mahala, Subash Chandra. "Uses of Geothermal Energy." In Geology, Chemistry and Genesis of Thermal Springs of Odisha, India, 91–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90002-5_8.

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Qiang, Wei, Y. Suzuki, N. Kawakami, S. Takasugi, and K. Kodama. "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Geologic Structures in Yakumo Geothermal Field, Southwest Hokkaido, Japan." In Mathematical Geology and Geoinformatics, 93–102. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070891-10.

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Nehler, Mathias, Philipp Mielke, Greg Bignall, and Ingo Sass. "New Methods of Determining Rock Properties for Geothermal Reservoir Characterization." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 6, 37–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09060-3_6.

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Suparman, Murni Sulastri, and Suci Sarah Andriany. "Wells Declivity Temperature Geothermal Field Bora-Sigi, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 1, 373–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09300-0_71.

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Veld, H., W. J. J. Fermont, H. Kerp, and H. Visscher. "Geothermal history of the Carboniferous in South Limburg, the Netherlands." In Geology of Gas and Oil under the Netherlands, 31–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0121-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geothermal geology"

1

Bondabou, K. "Advanced Mud Logging application to Shallow Geothermal." In Fourth EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2021626026.

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Lipaev, Aleksander. "GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b13/s3.038.

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Sumotarto, U., F. Hendrasto, M. Meirawati, and I. Azzam. "Geology of Arjosari geothermal area, Pacitan, East Java." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTH SCIENCE, MINERAL, AND ENERGY. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0007201.

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Silva Fragoso, Argelia, Luca Ferrari, and Gianluca Norini. "GEOLOGY OF THE DOMUYO GEOTHERMAL AREA, PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA." In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-292791.

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Wolpert, P., and T. Aigner. "Borehole Image Logs applied to Sequence Stratigraphy and Geothermal Exploration in Carbonates: an Integrated Workflow(UpperJurassic/Molasse basin)." In Third EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903301.

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Gaffar, E., H. Permana, Y. Sudrajat, S. Indarto, H. Bakti, and H. Nurohman. "Geology , Geochemistry and Geophysics of Guci Geothermal Prospect Area, Central Java." In EAGE-HAGI 1st Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience and Engineering. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201800403.

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Hassan, Syeda, and R. Shane McGary. "ASSESSING THE VIABILITY OF VIRGINIA GEOLOGY FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION USING MAGNETOTELLURICS." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-345027.

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Chitea, Florina. "GEOELECTRICAL METHODS APPLIED FOR PROSPECTING AN AREA WITH GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b11/s5.061.

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AlMuhaideb, Abdullah, and Sam Noynaert. "A 20 Years Systemic Study of Drilling Practices in a Geothermal Venture Reveals Insightful Findings." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206092-ms.

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Abstract Geothermal drilling has increased in the recent years with the renewable energy initiatives. Geothermal plants provide more than 6% of California's electricity. A large sum from the development budget is consumed by the drilling. This paper systematically analyzes and reviews the drilling activities and operations in a geothermal venture in Hawaii for more than 20 years to enhance the drilling operations and save costs. The paper starts by studying the geology of the area, which is located in an active volcanic region. Then, an extensive data collection was performed that went back to more than 20 years. The data was preprocessed and cleaned to be used in the analysis. The well designs were analyzed and the distribution of the drilling time was determined. After that, the performance of the geothermal drilling was benchmarked with the oil and gas drilling and the geothermal drilling in different parts around the world. The geology of the area is challenging with basaltic formation and tectonic movements. Volcanic eruptions that leads to closing wells were encountered in the recent years. As for the drilling, six challenges were identified and deeply analyzed. These challenges include: lost circulation, stuck pipe, cementing, low rate of penetration (ROP), logistics issues, and safety concerns. Each of these challenges was intensely investigated and solutions were proposed. The benchmarking with the oil and gas industry and other geothermal drilling operations shows that the geothermal drilling operations can be enhanced significantly. This improvement in the drilling in the geothermal venture will result in huge cost savings. A set of recommendations to improve the performance is presented as new organizational and workflow changes, analysis and elimination of nonproductive time (NPT), and novel engineering redesigns.
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Rogan, Sasa. "PERSPECTIVES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN VOJVODINA WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/ba1.v1/s01.024.

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Reports on the topic "Geothermal geology"

1

Jessop, A. M. Geothermal energy [Chapter 6: Economic Geology]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/192373.

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Updike, R. G. Engineering geology, technical feasibility study, Makushin geothermal power project, Unalaska, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1238.

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Blackett, R. E., M. A. Shubat, C. E. Bishop, D. S. Chapman, C. B. Forster, and C. M. Schlinger. The Newcastle geothermal system, Iron County, Utah: Geology, hydrology, and conceptual model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7014844.

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Levey, Schon S. Subsurface Geology of the Fenton Hill Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012910.

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Witcher, J. C., W. R. Hahman, and C. A. Swanberg. Alpine 1/Federal: Temperature gradients, geothermal potential, and geology. Final report, Part 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10178176.

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Nye, C. J., R. J. Motyka, D. L. Turner, and S. A. Liss. Geology and geochemistry of the Geyser Bight Geothermal area, Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/2480.

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Heiken, G., D. Eppler, K. Wohletz, W. Flores, N. Ramos, and A. Ritchie. Geology of the platanares geothermal site, Departamento de Copan, Honduras, Central America. Field report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5509289.

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Eppler, D. B., G. Heiken, K. Wohletz, W. Flores, J. R. Paredes, and W. A. Duffield. Geology of the Pavana geothermal area, Departamento de Choluteca, Honduras, Central America: Field report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5986870.

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Nye, C. J., R. J. Motyka, D. L. Turner, and S. A. Liss. Geology and geochemistry of the Geyser Bight Geothermal Area, Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6193109.

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Issler, D. R., K. Hu, L. S. Lane, and J. R. Dietrich. GIS compilations of depth to overpressure, permafrost distribution, geothermal gradient, and regional geology, Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, northern Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/289113.

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