Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geothermal areas

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Geothermal areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Geothermal areas"

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Muukkonen, Petteri. "Conservation aspects of geothermal vegetation." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 4 (2006): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060255.

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Geothermally active areas provide unique, stressed environments characterized by unusual vegetation assemblages and rare plant species (Fig. 1). Natural vegetation associated with geothermal activity is a rare vegetation type globally. Exploitation of geothermal fluid can result in a lowering of deep system water tables, which in turn can lead to changes in the normal heat flow pattern of the surface systems. This may lead to a redistribution of heat at existing sites with some sites heating-up and some cooling-down with consequent changes in geothermal biota. Therefore, the indigenous ecosystems of geothermal areas possess high conservation and scientific values which may be increasingly threatened by the growing exploitation of geothermal energy.
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Shuja, Tauqir A. "Geothermal areas in Pakistan." Geothermics 15, no. 5-6 (January 1986): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(86)90083-0.

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Vasco, Donald W., Jonny Rutqvist, Pierre Jeanne, Sergey V. Samsonov, and Craig Hartline. "Using geodetic data in geothermal areas." Leading Edge 39, no. 12 (December 2020): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39120883.1.

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Geodetic observations, often in conjunction with other data, provide a cost-effective means for identifying and characterizing geothermal resources. A review of the various methods reveals how the technology for measuring deformation has advanced considerably in the past few decades. Currently, interferometric synthetic aperture radar is the method of choice for monitoring deformation at a geothermal field. A discussion of geodetic monitoring at The Geysers geothermal field, California, illustrates some of the progress made and the challenges that remain.
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Shi, Shang Ming, Xiao Xiong Wu, Pan Zhao, Dong Kai Huo, and Hua Bin Wei. "Comprehensive Evaluation and Prediction of Geothermal Resources in Liaohe Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.116.

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Geothermal resources can not be ignored in the new century energy, Through the relevant formula in combination with the actual situation of the Liaohe Basin, by the predication of single well production and well head temperature, Find favorable areas that single well production and wellhead temperature both high. These areas are considered favorable areas for geothermal resources in Liaohe Basin. We carry out comprehensive evaluation of geothermal resources in Liaohe Basin. Finally, the total amount of geothermal resources, the total amount of geothermal water and recoverable geothermal resources in Liaohe Basin were determined and the favorable area for geothermal resources is divided, the total amount of geothermal resources, the total amount of geothermal water and recoverable geothermal resources the favorable area for geothermal resources were predicted.These results provide guarantee for the future exploration and development of geothermal resources.
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Zhu, Jie, Sheng Jin, Yang Yang, and Tianyu Zhang. "Geothermal Resource Exploration in Magmatic Rock Areas Using a Comprehensive Geophysical Method." Geofluids 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5929324.

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Geothermal resources have significant development and usage potential. It is critical to conduct geological investigation of geothermal resources prior to mining, so as to deepen our knowledge and comprehension of geothermal resources. Ground water is heated by magmatic rocks and geothermal resources can be created in magmatic rock areas. However, their communication is weak, and the depth of burial is typically great. It is difficult for traditional geophysical methods, such as induced polarization method, to achieve useful exploration depths, and they have low accuracy. In this article, a comprehensive geophysical method, based on the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric method (CSAMT) and transient electromagnetic method (TEM), is applied to geothermal exploration in a magmatic rock area. This method compensates for the shortcomings of a single method and achieves a good exploration effect, thereby providing a reliable geological foundation for further development and utilization of geothermal resources.
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Mammadova, Aygun Vahid. "Temperature Distribution and Heat Flow Density Estimation in Geothermal Areas of Absheron Peninsula." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 3, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v3i1.44.

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Geothermal field of the Pliocene complex in the Absheron peninsula, Azerbaijan have been examined on the basis of temperature distributions in over 50 deep wells. Data analysis include variations in geothermal gradient and distribution of heat flow within complexes of Absheron formation of upper Pliocene in age. Geothermal gradients are in the range of 17 to 25oC/km. The heat flow values are found to fall in the range of 50 to 80mW/m2. Estimates have been made of geothermal energy resources up to depths of 6000 meters. The main productive strata are of middle Pliocene in age. The results have allowed identification of geothermal resources with temperature above the 20°C and at depths less than 110-180 meters. Assessments of in-situ and recoverable resources have been made for 21 sites. Model simulations point to perspectives for widespread utilization of geothermal energy in the Absheron peninsula.
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Armandine Les Landes, Antoine, Théophile Guillon, Mariane Peter-Borie, Arnold Blaisonneau, Xavier Rachez, and Sylvie Gentier. "Locating Geothermal Resources: Insights from 3D Stress and Flow Models at the Upper Rhine Graben Scale." Geofluids 2019 (May 12, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8494539.

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To be exploited, geothermal resources require heat, fluid, and permeability. These favourable geothermal conditions are strongly linked to the specific geodynamic context and the main physical transport processes, notably stresses and fluid circulations, which impact heat-driving processes. The physical conditions favouring the setup of geothermal resources can be searched for in predictive models, thus giving estimates on the so-called “favourable areas.” Numerical models could allow an integrated evaluation of the physical processes with adapted time and space scales and considering 3D effects. Supported by geological, geophysical, and geochemical exploration methods, they constitute a useful tool to shed light on the dynamic context of the geothermal resource setup and may provide answers to the challenging task of geothermal exploration. The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is a data-rich geothermal system where deep fluid circulations occurring in the regional fault network are the probable origin of local thermal anomalies. Here, we present a current overview of our team’s efforts to integrate the impacts of the key physics as well as key factors controlling the geothermal anomalies in a fault-controlled geological setting in 3D physically consistent models at the regional scale. The study relies on the building of the first 3D numerical flow (using the discrete-continuum method) and mechanical models (using the distinct element method) at the URG scale. First, the key role of the regional fault network is taken into account using a discrete numerical approach. The geometry building is focused on the conceptualization of the 3D fault zone network based on structural interpretation and generic geological concepts and is consistent with the geological knowledge. This DFN (discrete fracture network) model is declined in two separate models (3D flow and stress) at the URG scale. Then, based on the main characteristics of the geothermal anomalies and the link with the physics considered, criteria are identified that enable the elaboration of indicators to use the results of the simulation and identify geothermally favourable areas. Then, considering the strong link between the stress, fluid flow, and geothermal resources, a cross-analysis of the results is realized to delineate favourable areas for geothermal resources. The results are compared with the existing thermal data at the URG scale and compared with knowledge gained through numerous studies. The good agreement between the delineated favourable areas and the locations of local thermal anomalies (especially the main one close to Soultz-sous-Forêts) demonstrates the key role of the regional fault network as well as stress and fluid flow on the setup of geothermal resources. Moreover, the very encouraging results underline the potential of the first 3D flow and 3D stress models at the URG scale to locate geothermal resources and offer new research opportunities.
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Chen, Zhe, Ruichun Chang, Huadong Guo, Xiangjun Pei, Wenbo Zhao, Zhengbo Yu, and Lu Zou. "Prediction of Potential Geothermal Disaster Areas along the Yunnan–Tibet Railway Project." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133036.

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As China’s railways continue to expand into the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the number of deep-buried long tunnels is increasing. Tunnel-damaging geothermal disasters have become a common problem in underground engineering. Predicting the potential geothermal disaster areas along the Yunnan–Tibet railway project is conducive to its planning and construction and the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—specifically, the industry, innovation and infrastructure goal (SDG 9). In this paper, the Yunnan–Tibet railway project was the study area. Landsat-8 images and other spatial data were used to investigate causes and distributions of geothermal disasters. A collinearity diagnosis of environmental variables was carried out. Twelve environmental variables, such as land surface temperature, were selected to predict potential geothermal disaster areas using four niche models (MaxEnt, Bioclim, Domain and GARP). The prediction results were divided into four levels and had different characteristics. Among them, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and kappa values of the MaxEnt model were the highest, at 0.84 and 0.63, respectively. Its prediction accuracy was the highest and the algorithm results are more suitable for the prediction of geothermal disasters. The prediction results show that the geothermal disaster potential is greatest in the Markam-Deqen, Zuogong-Zayu and Baxoi-Zayu regions. Through jack-knife analysis, it was found that the land surface temperature, active faults, water system distribution and Moho depth are the key environmental predictors of potential geothermal disaster areas. The research results provide a reference for the design and construction of the Yunnan–Tibet railway project and associated sustainable development.
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Okuma, Shigeo, and Tadashi Nakatsuka. "Aeromagnetic 3D subsurface imaging of geothermal areas." BUTSURI-TANSA(Geophysical Exploration) 69, no. 1 (2016): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3124/segj.69.41.

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Ármannsson, Halldór. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Icelandic Geothermal Areas." Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 17 (2017): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geothermal areas"

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Savage, Shannon Lea. "Mapping changes in Yellowstone's geothermal areas." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/savage/SavageS0809.pdf.

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Yellowstone National Park (YNP) contains the world's largest concentration of geothermal features, and is legally mandated to protect and monitor these natural features. Remote sensing is a component of the current geothermal monitoring plan. Landsat satellite data have a substantial historical archive and will be collected into the future, making it the only available thermal imagery for historical analysis and long-term monitoring of geothermal areas in the entirety of YNP. Landsat imagery from Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors was explored as a tool for mapping geothermal heat flux and geothermally active areas within YNP and to develop a change analysis technique for scientists to utilize with additional Landsat data available from 1978 through the foreseeable future. Terrestrial emittance and estimates of geothermal heat flux were calculated for the entirety of YNP with two Landsat images from 2007 (TM) and 2002 (ETM+). Terrestrial emittance for fourteen summer dates from 1986 to 2007 was calculated for defined geothermal areas and utilized in a change analysis. Spatial and temporal change trajectories of terrestrial emittance were examined. Trajectories of locations with known change events were also examined. Relationships between the temporal clusters and spatial groupings and several change vectors (distance to geologic faults, distance to large water bodies, and distance to earthquake swarms) were explored. Finally, TM data from 2007 were used to classify geothermally active areas inside the defined geothermal areas as well as throughout YNP and a 30-km buffer around YNP. Estimations of geothermal heat flux were inaccurate due to inherent limitations of Landsat data combined with complexities arising from the effects of solar radiation and spatial and temporal variation of vegetation, microbes, steam outflows, and other features at each geothermal area. Terrestrial emittance, however, was estimated with acceptable results. The change analysis showed a relationship between absolute difference in terrestrial emittance and earthquake swarms, with 34% of the variation explained. Accuracies for the classifications of geothermally active areas were poor, but the method used for classification, random forest, could be a suitable method given higher resolution thermal imagery and better reference data.
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Murray, Ryan M. "The Search For Volatile Biogenic Emissions In Geothermal Areas." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12202006-152114/.

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A primary discipline of astrobiology is the search for life outside of the earths ecosystem. Detecting biosignatures in outer space is one way this search is conducted. To understand the biosignatures to look for and study in space, it is useful to gain a better understanding of life in diverse environments on earth. This research tested the hypothesis that chemicals characteristic of microbial life can be detected and quantified in air above hot springs with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The stated hypothesis was refuted, as no chemicals of uniquely biological origin were detected with FTIR. A discussion of why no uniquely biological chemicals were detected with FTIR is presented. An analysis of chemicals seen in the infrared spectra, such as CO2, is given in the context of their possible biological origin. The results of the CO2 analysis indicate that the naturally occurring biomats are more complex than laboratory cultures and that the observable results of the behaviors of the two groups cannot be directly related. Lastly, other data collected (water chemistry and weather data for the springs) and the results of water analysis (ion chromatography and total organic carbon) are summarized. Acetate, propionate, and formate were present in some springs at low levels, indicating chemically the presence of microbial activity.
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Galanopoulos, Dimitrios. "Magnetotelluric studies in geothermal areas of Greece and Kenya." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10909.

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GAGLIANO, Antonina Lisa. "Gaseous emissions from geothermal and volcanic areas: focus on methane and methanotrophs." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90855.

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Ogni anno, 22 Tg di CH4 vengono rilasciati in atmosfera da numerose sorgenti sia naturali che antropiche. Il metano riveste un ruolo molto importante nella chimica dell’atmosfera terrestre e nel bilancio dell’energia radiante assorbita, essendo il secondo gas serra più potente dopo la CO2. Le aree vulcaniche e geotermali contribuiscono al flusso di metano in atmosfera, essendo vaste aree di degassamento. Studi preliminari hanno stimato che le emissioni globali di metano dai sistemi geotermali e vulcanici europei sono nel range di 4-16 kt a-1. Questa stima è stata ottenuta indirettamente dai dati delle emissioni di CO2 o H2O e dal rapporto del flusso CO2/CH4 oppure H2O/CH4 misurati nelle principali fumarole. La stima del metano emesso globalmente dalle aree vulcaniche e geotermali non è ancora ben definita in quanto il bilancio tra le emissioni per degassamento dai suoli e il consumo di metano per ossidazione microbica è ancora poco noto. Inoltre, le misure di flusso di metano sono molto difficili da eseguire e si hanno a disposizioni pochi dati. Alcuni metodi, seppur accettabili al fine di ottenere stime sul flusso di metano, escludono completamente la possibilità che il metano venga rimosso per via microbica dai batteri metanotrofi. A scala globale, l’ossidazione microbica del metano contribuisce alla rimozione di circa il 3-9% del metano dall’atmosfera. Ma l’importanza dei batteri metanotrofi è ancora maggiore in quanto questi ossidano la maggior parte del metano prodotto nel suolo e nel sottosuolo prima che questo raggiunga l’atmosfera. Le condizioni ambientali dei suoli vulcanici e geotermali (ad esempio scarso contenuto in ossigeno, alta temperature, attività protonica, ect.) sono stati da sempre considerati inospitali per i batteri metanotrofi. Tuttavia, di recente è stata dimostrata la presenza di batteri acidofili e termofili appartenenti al phylum dei Verrucomicrobia. Questi organismi sono stati individuati alla Solfatara di Pozzuoli (Italia), ad Hell’s gate (Nuova Zelanda) ed in Kamchatka (Russia). Qui riportiamo l’attività metanotrofa riscontrata nei suoli dell’Isola di Pantelleria (Italia), dell’Isola di Vulcano (Italia), di Sousaki (Grecia), di Nea Kameni- Santorini (Grecia), e dell’Isola di Nisyros (Grecia). Evidenze di rimozione microbica del metano in questi suoli era già stata riscontrata nel rapporto dei flussi di CO2/CH4, che risultava sempre inferiore rispetto a quello atteso, indicando una perdita di CH4 durante il suo movimento verso la superficie. Esperimenti per la misura del consumo di metano sono stati eseguiti usando i suoli di Pantelleria, Vulcano, Nea kameni, Nisyros e Sousaki. Questi esperimenti hanno rivelato tassi di consumo fino a 950, 48, 15, 39 e 520 ng CH4 h-1 per ogni grammo di suolo (peso secco), rispettivamente. Solo pochi campioni non hanno indicato consumo di metano. L’analisi dei gas del suolo e le caratteristiche chimico-fisiche del suolo ci hanno permesso di discriminare i fattori principali che influenzano la presenza dei metanotrofi e il tasso dei consumo del metano. La composizione del gas dal suoli, e in particolare il contenuto di CH4 e di H2S rappresentano il fattore discriminate per i metanotrofi. infatti, l’isola d Vulcano e di Nisyros, il cui contenuto in H2S raggiunge circa 250000 ppm, mostrano i consumi più bassi. In aggiunta nei suoli geotermali e vulcanici l’H2S contribuisce all’abbassamento del pH dei suoli. I valori di consuma maggiori sono stati misurati nell’isola di Pantelleria dove l’H 2S è meno di 20 ppm e il pH è vicino alla neutralità. Analisi microbiologiche e molecolari hanno permesso di riscontrare nei suoli di Pantelleria la presenza di batteri metanotrofi affiliati ai Gamma ed agli Alfa-Proteobatteri ed agli acido-termofili Verrucomicrobia. Il metanotrofo coltivabile appartenete al genere Methylocystis (Alfaproteobatterio) e il Gammaproteobatterio Methylobacterium sono stati isolati attraverso colture di arricchimento. Gli isolati mostrano ampi range di tolleranza di pH e temperatura e un tasso di ossidazione fino a 450 ppm/h. Attraverso l’amplificazione del gene pmoA, basandosi sui metodi coltura-indipendenti è stata rivelata un’ampia diversità di batteri metanotrofi appartenenti ai Proteobatteri (α- e γ-) ed ai Verrucomicrobia. Questo è il primo report in cui si dimostra la coesistenza di entrambi i phyla di metanotrofi in un sito geotermale/vulcanico. La presenza dei metanotrofi Proteobatteri era inaspettata perché le condizioni di sito sono state considerate inadeguate e può essere spiegata del pH non eccessivamente basso (>5) di questo specifico sito geotermale. Queste specie possono aver trovato la loro nicchia negli strati più superficiali dei suoli di Favara Grande a Pantelleria dove le temperature non sono così alte ed è presente una forte risalita di metano. capire l’ecologia dei metanotrofi nei siti geotermali e vulcanici aumenterà le conoscenze nel loro ruolo nelle emissioni di metano in atmosfera.
Yearly, 22 Tg of CH4 are released in to the atmosphere from several natural and anthropogenic sources. Methane plays an important role in the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and radiative balance being the most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Volcanic/geothermal areas contribute to the methane flux, being the site of widespread diffuse degassing of endogenous gases. Preliminary studies estimated a total CH4 emission from European geothermal and volcanic systems in the range 4-16 kt a-1. This estimate was obtained indirectly from CO2 or H2O output data and from CO2/CH4 or H2O/CH4 values measured in the main gaseous manifestations. The total estimated CH4 emission from geothermal/volcanic areas is still not well defined since the balance between emission through degassing and consumption through soil microbial oxidation is poorly known. Moreover, methane soil flux measurements are laboratory intensive and very few data have been collected until now in these areas. Such methods, although acceptable to obtain order-of-magnitude estimates, completely disregards possible methane microbial oxidation within the soil carried on by the methanotrophs. At the global scale, microbial oxidation in soils contributes for about 3-9% to the total removal of methane from the atmosphere. But the importance of methanotrophic organisms is even larger because they oxidize the greatest part of the methane produced in the soil and in the subsoil before its emission to the atmosphere. Environmental conditions in the soils of volcanic/geothermal areas (i.e. low oxygen content, high temperature and proton activity, etc.) have long been considered inadequate for methanotrophic microorganisms. But recently, it has been demonstrated that methanotrophic consumption in soils occurs also under such harsh conditions due to the presence of acidophilic and thermophilic Verrucomicrobia. These organisms were found in Italy at the Solfatara at Pozzuol (Italy), at Hell’s Gate (New Zealand) and in Kamchatka (Russia), pointing to a worldwide distribution. Here we report on methane oxidation rate measured in Pantelleria Island (Italy), Vulcano Island (Italy), Sousaki (Greece), Nea Kameni (Santorini) and Nisyros (Greece) soils. Clues of methane microbial oxidation in soils of these areas can be already found in the CH4/CO2 ratio of the flux measurements which is always lower than that of the respective fumarolic manifestations indicating a loss of CH4 during the travel of the gases towards earth’s surface. Laboratory methane consumption experiments made on soils collected at Pantelleria, Vulcano, Nea Kameni, Nysiros and Sousaki revealed for most samples consumption rates up to 950, 48, 15, 39 and 520 ng CH4 h-1 for each gram of soil (dry weight), respectively. Only few soil samples displayed no methane consumption activity. Analysis on soil gases and chemical-physical characteristics of the soils allowed us to discriminate the main factors that influenced the methanotrophs presence and the methane consumption rate. Soil gases composition, and in particular the amount of the CH4 and H2S, represent the main discriminating factor for methanotrophs. In fact, Vulcano and Nisyros Island, whose soil gas contained up to 250000 ppm of H2S, showed the lowest consumption rate. Moreover, in geothermal/volcanic soils H2S contribute to the soil pH lowering; highest methane consumption were recorded in Pantelleria island were H2S is less than 20 ppm and pH close to the neutrality were measured. Microbiological and molecular analyses allowed to detect the presence of methanotrophs affiliated to Gamma and Alpha-Proteobacteria and to the newly discovered acido-thermophilic methanotrophs belong to the Verrucomicrobia phylum in soils from Pantelleria. Culturable methanotrophic Alphaproteobacteria of the genus Methylocystis and the Gammaproteobacteria Methylobacterium were isolated by enrichment cultures. The isolates show a wide range of tolerance to pH and temperatures and an average methane oxidation rate up to 450 ppm/h. A larger diversity of (α- and γ-) proteobacterial and verrucomicrobial methanotrophs was detected by a culture-independent approach based on the amplification of the methane mono-oxygenase gene pmoA. This is the first report describing coexistence of both the methanotrophic phyla (Verrucomicrobia and Protebacteria) in the same geothermal site. The presence of proteobacterial methanoptrophs, in fact, was quite unexpected because they are generally considered not adapted to live in such harsh environments and could be explained by not really low pH values (> 5) of this specific geothermal site. Such species could have found their niches in the shallowest part of the soils of Favara Grande were the temperatures are not so high and thrive on the abundant upraising methane. Understanding the ecology of methanotrophy in geothermal sites will increase our knowledge of their role in methane emissions to the atmosphere.
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Yongprawat, Monthon [Verfasser]. "Hydrochemical and environmental isotope study of the geothermal water in Mae Chan (North) and Ranong (South) geothermal areas in Thailand / Monthon Yongprawat." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234847132/34.

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Routsolias, Panagiotis. "Energy-efficient design and application of geothermal energy in buildings of areas of protected cultural heritage: Case study Mani, Greece." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35069.

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Zhu, Ke [Verfasser], and Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Blum. "Urban Heat Island in the Subsurface and Geothermal Potential in Urban Areas / Ke Zhu ; Betreuer: Philipp Blum." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1163235148/34.

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Tissen, Carolin [Verfasser], and P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Blum. "Increased Groundwater Temperatures and Their Potential for Shallow Geothermal Use in Urban Areas / Carolin Tissen ; Betreuer: P. Blum." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216949387/34.

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Taussi, Marco. "Surface exploration and petrological applications in high enthalpy geothermal areas: a multidisciplinary approach for the Cerro Pabellón project (northern Chile)." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2665629.

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Mitchell, Peter Ashley. "Geology, hydrothermal alteration and geochemistry of the Iamalele (D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea) and Wairakei (North Island, New Zealand) geothermal areas." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5561.

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The geothermal system at Iamalele is hosted by a series of late Quaternary high-silica dacite to rhyolite ignimbrite, air-fall tuff and related volcaniclastic rocks. The ignimbrite flows are intercalated with calc-alkalic andesite and low-silica dacite lavas, some of which are high-Mg varieties. The Iamalele Volcanics may be related to caldera collapse and post-caldera volcanism. Geothermal activity occurs over 30 km2 of the Iamalele area. Chemical analyses of water from hot springs indicate that the near-surface reservoir is dominated by an acid-sulphate fluid, and that the deeper reservoir fluid probably has a significant seawater component. Analyses of rock and soil samples within the limits of geothermal activity identified several areas of above background values in Au, Hg, As and Sb. A diamond drill hole was completed to a depth of ~200m in one of these areas. Hydrothermal alteration identified in the drill core indicates that the upper 200 m of the geothermal reservoir is well-zoned and contains a trace element signature characteristic of high-level, epithermal precious metal deposits. With increasing depth mineral assemblages indicative of advanced argillic, intermediate argillic and potassic alteration were observed in the recovered core. The Wairakei geothermal system is hosted by a voluminous sequence of late Quaternary rhyolitic ignimbrite, air fall tuff and related volcaniclastic rocks intercalated with andesite to rhyolite lavas. The volcanic sequence was deposited during formation of the Maroa and Taupo caldera volcanoes, and geothermal activity is localized within a diffuse border zone between these two volcanic centres. The high-temperature reservoir at Wairakei is primarily restricted to porous pyroclastic rocks of the Waiora Formation. Geothermal activity is exposed over ~25 km2 of the Wairakei area. Chemical analyses of well discharge indicate that the fluid is a low salinity, low total sulphur, near-neutral pH chloride water with a local meteoric source. Temperature profiles for ~60% of the Wairakei wells were used to construct a c. 1950 view of the thermal zoning of the reservoir. When compared to the estimated preproduction isotherms, reconnaissance fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures indicated that the deeper portion of the reservoir had cooled by ~45ºC prior to production discharge. Hydrothermal rock alteration within the reservoir is systematically zoned and may be separated into four principal assemblages: propylitic, potassic, intermediate argillic and advanced argillic. Calcium zeolites, mainly wairakite, mordenite and laumontite, occur throughout the reservoir and, with the exception of laumontite, form an integral part of either the propylitic or potassic assemblage. Intermediate argillic alteration is widespread but is not strongly developed. The distribution of advanced argillic alteration is sporadic and restricted to depths less than 65 m. Below a depth of ~500 m potassic alteration commonly overprints propylitic alteration. The location of the "average" Wairakei fluid on several activity diagrams drawn for 100°, 200°, 250° and 300°C indicates that propylitic and potassic alteration probably formed in equilibrium with a hydrothermal fluid chemically equivalent to the modern reservoir fluid at temperatures between ~275° and ~210°C. Assays of drill samples indicate that trace amounts of gold (<0.04 g/t) and other metals permeate the reservoir. Samples of siliceous sinter collected from wellhead production equipment contain significant quantities of precious metals and also platinum group and base metals. Metal-rich scale from a back pressure plate (well 66) was analysed by optical microscopy and by electron microprobe analysis. The scale is composed of several discrete mineral phases which show a distinct paragenesis. Hydrothermal alteration and metallization identified within the reservoirs at Iamalele and Wairakei are similar to hydrothermal alteration and metallization identified within the epithermal precious metal deposits of Rawhide and Round Mountain (Nevada, U.S.A.). The major difference between these systems is the much greater abundance of gold and silver at Rawhide and Round Mountain. Conclusions drawn from these comparisons include: (1) within high-temperature active systems gold remains in solution or is dispersed at low grades; (2) boiling does not appear to be a viable means of producing a gold ore deposit within deep (>500 m) hydrothermal reservoirs and (3) the formation of a major precious metal ore deposit may require the superposition of a structural event on a waning geothermal system to initiate an extended period of fluid mixing. High-Mg lavas similar to ones identified at Iamalele occur elsewhere in the late Cenozoic arc-type volcanic associations of south-eastern Papua New Guinea. Detailed geochemical studies of these rocks have revealed the presence of relatively aphyric lavas which are high in MgO, Cr, and Ni and form an integral part of the arc-type association. The high concentrations of these elements relative to typical arc-related rocks are thought to reflect the chemical composition of the initial melt. High-Mg lavas occur in other volcanic arcs of Papua New Guinea as well as in several other circum-Pacific volcanic arcs, and it is likely that high-Mg lavas form a fundamental component of most, if not all, volcanic arcs.
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Books on the topic "Geothermal areas"

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Mineral, Indonesia Departemen Energi dan Sumberdaya. Geothermal working areas profile. Jakarta]: Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2010.

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Evans, C. J. Hot dry rock potential in urban areas. Nottingham: British Geological Survey, 1988.

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Marchisio, Mario. Deep dipolar soundings in geothermal areas of Sardinia: Logudoro and Campidano. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Bureau, Montana Water Rights. Montana's basin closures and controlled groundwater areas. Helena, MT: Water Resources Division, Water Rights Bureau, 2003.

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A, Erdman James, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Geochemical and biogeochemical surveys near the Mineral and Valley View Hot Springs known geothermal resource areas, northern San Luis Valley, Colorado. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Hinkle, Margaret E. Geochemical and biogeochemical surveys near the Mineral and Valley View Hot Springs known geothermal resource areas, northern San Luis Valley, Colorado. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Hinkle, Margaret E. Geochemical and biogeochemical surveys near the Mineral and Valley View Hot Springs known geothermal resource areas, northern San Luis Valley, Colorado. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Olmsted, F. H. Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda lakes and Upsal hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.

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G, VanTrump, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Analytical results, basic statistics, and locality map of rabbitbrush (genus Chrysothamnus) samples from the Mineral Hot Springs and Valley View Hot Springs known geothermal resource areas, northern San Luis Valley, Colorado. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Office, Colorado Governor's Energy, ed. Connecting Colorado's renewable resources to the markets: Report of the Colorado Senate Bill 07-091 Renewable Resource Generation Development Areas Task Force. Denver, CO: Colorado Governor's Energy Office, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geothermal areas"

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Elder, John W. "Physical Processes in Geothermal Areas." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 211–39. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0211.

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Li, Jincheng, Wenwu Chen, and Zhengping Liu. "Railroad Route Alignment in Geothermal, Aeolian, and Snowdrift Areas." In Geological Line Selection for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Engineering, 267–315. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55572-9_7.

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Spichak, Viacheslav V., and Olga K. Zakharova. "Models of Geothermal Areas: New Insights from Electromagnetic Geothermometry." In Heat-Mass Transfer and Geodynamics of the Lithosphere, 65–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63571-8_4.

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Nasution, Asnawir. "The geothermal energy resource developments and their hazards of the Indonesia Volcanic Areas." In Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields, 159–67. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003293590-22.

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Fendek, M. "Utilisation and Protection of Fresh, Mineral and Geothermal Waters in the Urban Area of Horna Nitra, Slovakia." In Current Problems of Hydrogeology in Urban Areas, Urban Agglomerates and Industrial Centres, 317–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0409-1_18.

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Pandarinath, Kailasa. "Impacts of Hydrothermal Alteration on Magnetic Susceptibility and Some Geochemical Properties of Volcanic Rocks from Geothermal Areas." In Geochemical Treasures and Petrogenetic Processes, 431–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4782-7_16.

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Teske, Sven, Thomas Pregger, Sonja Simon, and Carina Harpprecht. "Renewable Energy for Industry Supply." In Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals, 225–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99177-7_9.

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AbstractThis section focuses on technologies that provide heat, and especially process heat, with renewable energy and electrical systems. All the technologies described, except those that use high-temperature geothermal or concentrated solar heat (CSH) for process heat, are used for the OECM 1.5 °C pathways described in Chaps. 5, 6, 7, and 8. The authors have included geothermal and solar technologies to highlight the further technical options available and to underscore that more research is required in the area of renewable process heat.
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Rahayu, Dewi Maria, Imam Supriyadi, Hilmi El Hafidz Fatahillah, Nugroho Adi Sasongko, Amarulla Octavian, and Yanif Dwi Kuntjoro. "Magnetic Monitoring of the Dieng Geothermal Area." In Transition Towards 100% Renewable Energy, 351–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69844-1_32.

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Chavarria, Dana, Rubi Ramos, and Carlos Raymundo. "Development of a Hybrid Heating System Based on Geothermal–Photovoltaic Energy to Reduce the Impact of Frosts on Inhabitants of Rural Areas in the Ring of Fire, Southern Peru." In Proceedings of the 4th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'18), 131–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16053-1_12.

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Efthimiopoulos, T., E. Fanara, G. Vrellis, E. Spyridonos, and A. Arvanitis. "Geothermal exploration in the Antirrio area (Western Greece)." In Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment, 479–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24076-8_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geothermal areas"

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Ushijima, K., H. Mizunaga, and W. H. Pelton. "Geothermal exploration in difficult areas." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1890165.

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Jones, Karen L., Nielson W. Schulenburg, and Conrad Wright. "Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques for locating geothermal areas." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by G. Charmaine Gilbreath and Chadwick T. Hawley. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.855444.

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Kalinci, Yildiz, Ismail Tavman, and Arif Hepbasli. "PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS." In International Symposium on Sustainable Energy in Buildings and Urban Areas, SEBUA-12. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2012.sebua-12.270.

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Blazkova, Miroslava. "GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF MONITORING AREAS IN THE NORTHERN BOHEMIA." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/11/s01.032.

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Bilgin, Oyku. "GEOTHERMAL�RESOURCES�OF�TURKEY-EASTERN�ANATOLIA�AND�USAGE�AREAS�." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s18.v4005.

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Bissmann, S., D. J. Orlowsky, and B. Loske. "How to Explore Deep Geothermal Reservoirs in Populated Areas." In Near Surface Geoscience 2013. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131354.

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Spichak, V., O. Zakharova, and A. Rybin. "Temperature Estimation in the Geothermal Areas by Incontact Electromagnetic Geothermometer." In EGM 2007 International Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.166.c_op_01.

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Lu, Xinli, David R. Larson, and Thomas R. Holm. "Preliminary Feasibility Study of Groundwater Source Geothermal Heat Pumps in Mason County and the American Bottoms Area, Illinois." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6342.

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Groundwater source heat pumps exploit the difference between the ground surface temperature and the nearly constant temperature of shallow groundwater. This project characterizes two areas for geothermal heating and cooling potential, Mason County in central Illinois and the American Bottoms area in southwestern Illinois. Both areas are underlain by thick sand and gravel aquifers and groundwater is readily available. Weather data, including monthly high and low temperatures and heating and cooling degree days, were compiled for both study areas. The heating and cooling requirements for a single-family house were estimated using two independent models that use weather data as input. The groundwater flow rates needed to meet these heating and cooling requirements were calculated using typical heat pump coefficient of performance values. The groundwater in both study areas has fairly high hardness and iron concentrations and is close to saturation with calcium and iron carbonates. Using the groundwater for cooling may induce the deposition of scale containing one or both of these minerals.
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Di, Qingyun, Kunfa Shi, Yingxian Li, Ruo Wang, Changmin Fu, and Zhiguo An. "Successful applications of CSAMT for deep geothermal exploration in urban areas." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2006. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370383.

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Asimopolos, Laurențiu, and Natalia-Silvia Asimopoli. "GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL STUDY FOR ELABORATION OF GEOTHERMAL MODEL IN ORADEA-BAILE FELIX AREA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/12.

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Thermal methods consist of measuring thermal gradient and satellite data, which can be used to determine the Earth's surface temperature and thermal inertia of surficial materials, of thermal infrared radiation emitted at the Earth's surface. Thermal gradient measuring, with a knowledge of the thermal conductivity provides a measure of heat flow. Conditions that may increase or decrease and heat flow are influenced by hydrologic, topographic factors and anomalous thermal conductivity. Also, oxidation of sulphide bodies in-place or on waste deposits, if sufficiently rapid, can generate thermal anomalies, which can provide a measure of the amount of metal being released to the environment. The geothermal gradient on the territory of Romania, the increase of the temperature with the depth, has an average value of 2.5°-3°C/100m, which corresponds to a temperature of 100° C at 3000 m deep. There are many areas where the value of the geothermal gradient differs considerably from this average. For example, in areas where the rock plate suffered rapid dips and the basin was filled with sediment "very young "from a geological point of view, the geothermal gradient may be less than 1° C/100m. On the other hand, in other geothermal areas the gradient exceeds much this average. These areas are true underground thermal reservoirs of potentially high geothermal energy which under certain favourable conditions can be exploited to serve heating installations and domestic hot water systems. The geothermal prospecting for the entire territory of Romania, carried out by temperature measurements allowed the development of geothermal maps, highlighting the temperature distribution at different depths. Geophysical data obtained through various methods and geophysical modelling provide generalized and non-unique solutions to the geometry of underground geological relations as well as to the physical characteristics of different formations. The non-uniqueness of these models (solutions to the direct problem) arises from the impossibility of knowing the boundary conditions between different strata, which together with the propagation equations of the different fields (depending on the geophysical method used for the investigation of the basement) form the systems that offer the solutions of the model
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Reports on the topic "Geothermal areas"

1

Lewis, Jonathan C., and Christopher J. Pluhar. Kinematic and Dynamic Studies of the Coso Geothermal and Surrounding Areas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417358.

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Rafferty, K. Selected cost considerations for geothermal district heating in existing single-family residential areas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/270672.

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Akto, P., Z. Chen, and K. Hu. Evaluation of geothermal resource potential of hot sedimentary aquifers in the Horn River Basin, northeast British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331225.

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This study assesses the geothermal potential of Hot Sedimentary Aquifers underlying the Horn River Basin (HRB) based on analyses of borehole temperatures, geological and production data, core porosity and permeability measurements, and geophysical well logs. The proposed criteria are applied to evaluate the geothermal potential of the Horn River Group (HRG) and sub-HRG formations. Favourable spots are identified and ranked by applying temperature, thickness, porosity, permeability and flow rate mapping. The results show that the HRG and its underlying strata have a good potential of geothermal energy resource. Among the HRG formations with an average temperature of 110°C, the Otter Park Formation is the hottest and relatively thick with high water production rate. The Muskwa Formation is the second favourable for geothermal resource potential. Within the sub-HRGs, the Slave Point Formation is the most advantageous because of the high flow rate and high temperature, while the Keg River Formation is the hottest and thickest, and is considered as the second favorable stratigraphic unit. Combining the geological and geographical characteristics, four favourable hot zones have been identified, further indicating that the northwest Zone 1 and the southeast Zone 4 are the hottest areas with thicker reservoirs (&amp;gt;300m) and higher temperatures &amp;gt;130°C (at depth &amp;gt;3 km).
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Eppler, D., R. Fakundiny, and A. Ritchie. Reconnaissance evaluation of Honduran geothermal sites. Una evaluacion por medio de reconocimiento de seis areas geotermicas en Honduras. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7011853.

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Bruton, C. J., W. E. Glassley, and A. Meike. Geothermal areas as analogues to chemical processes in the near-field and altered zone of the potential Yucca Mountain, Nevada repository. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/106518.

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Teplow, William J., and Ian Warren. Finding Large Aperture Fractures in Geothermal Resource Areas Using a Three-Component Long-Offset Surface Seismic Survey, PSInSAR and Kinematic Structural Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213113.

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Chen, Z., S. E. Grasby, C. Deblonde, and X. Liu. AI-enabled remote sensing data interpretation for geothermal resource evaluation as applied to the Mount Meager geothermal prospective area. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330008.

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The objective of this study is to search for features and indicators from the identified geothermal resource sweet spot in the south Mount Meager area that are applicable to other volcanic complexes in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt. A Landsat 8 multi-spectral band dataset, for a total of 57 images ranging from visible through infrared to thermal infrared frequency channels and covering different years and seasons, were selected. Specific features that are indicative of high geothermal heat flux, fractured permeable zones, and groundwater circulation, the three key elements in exploring for geothermal resource, were extracted. The thermal infrared images from different seasons show occurrence of high temperature anomalies and their association with volcanic and intrusive bodies, and reveal the variation in location and intensity of the anomalies with time over four seasons, allowing inference of specific heat transform mechanisms. Automatically extracted linear features using AI/ML algorithms developed for computer vision from various frequency bands show various linear segment groups that are likely surface expression associated with local volcanic activities, regional deformation and slope failure. In conjunction with regional structural models and field observations, the anomalies and features from remotely sensed images were interpreted to provide new insights for improving our understanding of the Mount Meager geothermal system and its characteristics. After validation, the methods developed and indicators identified in this study can be applied to other volcanic complexes in the Garibaldi, or other volcanic belts for geothermal resource reconnaissance.
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Liu, X., Z. Chen, and S. E. Grasby. Using shallow temperature measurements to evaluate thermal flux anomalies in the southern Mount Meager volcanic area, British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330009.

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Geothermal is a clean and renewable energy resource. However, locating where elevated thermal gradient anomalies exist is a significant challenge when trying to assess potential resource volumes during early exploration of a prospective geothermal area. In this study, we deployed 22 temperature probes in the shallow subsurface along the south flank of the Mount Meager volcanic complex, to measure the transient temperature variation from September 2020 to August 2021. In our data analysis, a novel approach was developed to estimate the near-surface thermal distribution, and a workflow and code with python language have been completed for the thermal data pre-processing and analysis. The long-term temperature variation at different depths can be estimated by modelling, so that the relative difference of deducing deeper geothermal gradient anomalies can be assessed. Our proposed inversion and simulation methods were applied to calculating the temperature variation at 2.0 meters depth. The results identified a preferred high thermal flux anomalous zone in the south Mount Meager area. By combining with previous studies, the direct analysis and estimation of anomalous thermal fields based on the collected temperature data can provide a significant reference for interpretation of the regional thermal gradient variation.
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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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Poluianov, E. W., and F. P. Mancini. Geothermal resource evaluation of the Yuma area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5765521.

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