Academic literature on the topic 'Geotechnické metody'

The focus of this thesis is to deal with reverse engineering of high-rise building settlements. This is modeled via the finite element method performed in the Plaxis 3D program. In the first part of this thesis, a calibration of input parameters of an appropriate material model – Hardening soil – is conducted. This calibration is a result of oedometric test data which were obtained within a geotechnical survey. An influence of soils over consolidation affecting calibration and the material model choice is described. Final values of reference stiffness parameters are used in a mathematical model of the focused area. This model is created for one half of the high-rise building plan, including vestibule. The high-rise building is founded in a foundation pit. The foundations of this building consist of raft foundation and piles of jet grouting. In the model, there are also changes in pore pressure during an excavation of foundation pit included. The functional model is used for parametric analyses, namely examining cases of object´s foundations and the possible influence of foundation pit´s symmetry on the object´s settlement. All the calculated processes in the object´s settlements are then compared to data obtained from geotechnical monitoring of the structure.

Aim of the diploma thesis is design elements of slope stabilization in accordance with the planned highway D3 in Slovakia section of Cadca, Bukov - Svrčinovec and relocation of a local road. Objective subject is situated on the slopes of Cadca. In diploma thesis is an analysis of the area with the proposed stabilizing elements in the 5 GEO FEM, their assessment, including determining the overall stability of the territory according to the degree of safety.

Choice of the constitutive model and determination of input parameters are necessary for a successful application of numerical methods in geotechnical engineering. Higher complexity of modern constitutive models results in an increase of the number of input parameters and time requirements for their calibration. Optimization methods are a possible solution for this problem. An application in which metaheuristic optimization method Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is involved is presented in this thesis. Critical review and testing of various PSO alternatives was performed in the first part of this thesis. The most efective PSO alternatives were chosen. In the second part connection between PSO algorithm and finite element solver was prepared. Automatization of determination of constitutive models input parameters was performed on three boundary value problems: laboratory test (oedometer), in-situ test (pressuremeter) and geotechical construction (retaining wall). Three types of constitutive models are used. Linear elastic-perfectly plastic Mohr-Coulomb model, elastoplastic non-linear Hardening soil model and Hardening soil - small strain model.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geotecnia, 2016.<br>Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-11-24T15:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_MarceloAlejandroLlanoSerna.pdf: 4597920 bytes, checksum: d1815fd743fd8c6b5479aca9482e7686 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-01-28T19:32:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_MarceloAlejandroLlanoSerna.pdf: 4597920 bytes, checksum: d1815fd743fd8c6b5479aca9482e7686 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-28T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_MarceloAlejandroLlanoSerna.pdf: 4597920 bytes, checksum: d1815fd743fd8c6b5479aca9482e7686 (MD5)<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar os mecanismos de alguns problemas geotécnicos submetidos a grandes deformações, e mais especificamente o cone de penetração e escorregamentos na área de estabilidade de taludes. O fenômeno de grandes deformações em Geotecnia pode ser observado em problemas de ensaios de campo como SPT, CPT, DMT; ensaios de laboratório como o ensaio de cone e de palheta; em aplicações práticas como a cravação de estacas e em encostas após a ruptura de um talude. Uma das principais limitações na prática da engenharia geotécnica é que as formulações tradicionais para o cálculo de estruturas dependem da hipótese de pequenas deformações. Na última década, com o aumento da capacidade computacional e surgimento de novos métodos numéricos, tornou-se factível a modelagem numérica de problemas de grandes deformações, gerando a possibilidade de estudá-los em maior detalhe. Este trabalho centra-se na aplicação do Método do Ponto Material (MPM). O MPM é uma ferramenta numérica que adota um esquema de discretização Euleriano-Lagrangiano, o que fornece um esquema sofisticado para resolver o balanço de momento linear quando se observam grandes deformações. O método foi aplicado à análise de ensaios de penetração de cone em laboratório e a problemas reais de escorregamentos de taludes com grandes movimentos de massa. Inicialmente, foram feitos ensaios diretos e indiretos de resistência ao cisalhamento em amostras de caulim. O programa de ensaios de laboratório inclui o ensaio de palheta, ensaio de cone, ensaio de compressão oedométrica e ensaio de compressão triaxial convencional. Como produto dos ensaios de laboratório, foram propostas algumas relações entre parâmetros de estados críticos e o ensaio de queda de cone. Também baseado nos ensaios de laboratório, o programa NairnMPM foi testado e calibrado para resolver problemas geotécnicos simples como o ensaio de cone e o colapso de uma coluna de solo. Depois disso e com o intuito de verificar a capacidade do MPM para resolver problemas de grande escala, foram simulados os escorregamentos de taludes na barragem de Vajont, na Itália, e na rodovia Tokai-Hokuriku, no Japão. Finalmente, foi testado o processo de modelagem do escorregamento de Alto Verde, na Colômbia, e as variáveis dinâmicas previstas no modelo foram usadas no cálculo de risco. Os resultados se ajustaram muito bem às observações de campo, destacando a potencialidade do MPM como ferramenta prática na modelagem de vários problemas de grandes deformações na engenharia geotécnica.<br>The goal of this work is to investigate the mechanisms of various geotechnical problems subjected to finite strains, more specifically the fall cone test and run-out process during landslides. Large deformation phenomena may be observed in field testing such as SPT, CPT, DMT; laboratory testing such as fall cone test, mini-vane test, and practical problems such as pile driving and run-out process during landslides. The main limitations in the practice of geotechnical engineering are due to the fact that a wide number of design frameworks are based on the small strain hypothesis. In the last decade, with the increasing computational capacity and the development of novel numerical methods; solving large deformation models have become feasible. This fact allows studying in detail a wide number of phenomena in geotechnics. This work focuses on the application of the Material Point Method (MPM). The MPM is a numerical tool that adopts a Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme. Moreover, it allows a solid framework to solve the linear momentum balance when finite strains are observed. The method was used in the simulation of the fall cone test and real scale mass movements in landslides. Initially, direct and indirect shear strength measurements on kaolin clay were performed. The laboratory testing program included mini-vane shear test, fall cone test, oedometric compression, and conventional triaxial compression test. As a result of the laboratory testing, interesting relationships between the critical state parameters and the fall cone were established. Furthermore, NairnMPM open source code was tested and calibrated using the laboratory results to later solve simple geotechnical problems such as fall cone test and the collapse of a soil column. Afterwards, the possibility of simulating real-scale problems in landslides was addressed. The slope failure in Vajont, Italy, and Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway, Japan, were considered. Finally, the framework was tested in a landslide in Alto Verde, Colombia. The computed dynamic quantities were used in risk assessment of landslides. The results matched very well with field observations highlighting the potential of using MPM as a practical tool for modelling various problems involving large strains in geotechnical engineering.

This thesis focuses on the 2D modelling of Geosyntheticaly Reinforced Piled Embankments (GRPE) in PLAXIS 2D. In doing so, it explores two main aspects: 1) the calibration of Interface Stiffness Factors (ISFs) governing the soil-pile interaction of Embedded BeamRow (EBR) elements in PLAXIS 2D, and 2) the prospects and limitations of modelling geogrids (GR) in PLAXIS 2D when underlain by EBR elements; although several studies have validates the EBR element in modelling piles, none address the geogrid-EBR interaction and its implications on modelling GRPE systems. The thesis performs the calibration and validation processes using the full-scale GRPE structure ASIRI (Amélioration des Sols parInclusions Rigide) as documented in Briançon and Simon, 2012 and Nunez et al., 2013. Calibration of the EBR’s ISFs is done against 1) load-displacement curve of a test pile, 2)load-displacement of the structure’s monitored piles, and 3) differential soil-pile settlement. Model results for soil settlement, pile settlement, and pile load are then compared to reported values from the ASIRI site. Results show that the natural deviation between the structure and test pile’s load - displacement results in a wide range of possible calibration values for the ISFs, making calibration based on a test pile’s load-displacement curve an unpractical method. Even when such natural deviations were eliminated by calibrating the model against the structure’s reported values for pile load-displacement, model predictions for subsoil displacement were compromised. It is thus advisable to calibrate the EBR element with respect to soil settlement, pile settlement, and pile load rather than solely on a load-displacement curve as to avoid high divergences in soil-pile differential settlement. Modelling geogrids in GRPE systems, PLAXIS 2D underestimates GR strain due to its inability to simulate GR deflection: EBR elements are superimposed on top of a continuous soil mesh, thus allowing the embankment soil to settle through the EBR element. This unrealistically minimizes GR deflection, which underestimates GR strain when modelling GRPEs in PLAXIS 2D. In addition to validating the 2D modelling of GRPE systems, the thesis conducts a comparative literature review of GRPE design guidelines, focusing on the British BS8006 (2010), the German EBGEO (2011), and the Dutch CUR226 (2016). It then applies the latter two to the ASIRI full scale case study and compares results for predicted maximum GR strainand displacement to those from the PLAXIS 2D model and ASIRI measurements. The literature review shows that the geogrid load distribution is highly dependent on the state of subsoil support, where a uniform distribution is more appropriate for high subsoil support, and an inverse-triangular one more appropriate for low subsoil support. However, the analytical analysis of the ASIRI case shows that the triangular distribution, previously dismissed as unrealistic by the literature review, gives satisfactory results due to a combination of soil sliding and high subsoil support at the ASIRI site.<br>Examensarbetet utvärderar 2D modellering av bankpålning med geosyntetisk armering (Geosyntheticallt Reinforced Piled Embankments – GRPE) i PLAXIS 2D. Examensarbetet utforskar två huvudaspekter: 1) kalibrering av Interface Stiffness Factors (ISFs) som styrjord-påle samspelet av Embedded Beam Row (EBR) element i PLAXIS 2D, och 2) möjligheter och begränsningar vid modellering av geonät i PLAXIS 2D när de ligger över EBR element. Även om flera studier har validerat användningen av EBR element för modelleringenav pålning, har inga behandlat samspelet geonät-EBR samt dess implikationer på modelleringen av GRPE. I arbetet har kalibrerings- och valideringsprocesser genomförts genom att använda den fullskaliga GRPE strukturen ASIRI (Amélioration des Sols par Inclusions Rigide) som dokumenterats i Briançon och Simon(2012) samt Nunez et al. (2013). Kalibrering av EBR ISFshar utförts mot: 1) last/förskjutningssamband av testpålar, 2) last/förskjutningssambad av övervakade pålar i strukturen, och 3) jord-påle differenssättningen. Modellens resultat försättningar i jorden, deformation i pålarna och lasten i pålarna jämförs med mätningar från ASIRI. Resultaten visar att naturliga avvikelser mellan strukturens- och testpålens last/förskjutningssambad resulterar i ett brett spektrum av möjliga kalibreringsvärden för ISFs, som gör kalibrering mot testpålens last/förskjutningssambad opraktisk. Även vid justering för detta genom kalibrering mot strukturpålens last/förskjutningssambad minskade modellens noggrannhet för sättningar i jorden. Det är således lämpligt att kalibrera EBR element motsättningar i jorden, deformation i pålarna och lasten i pålarna i stället för bara last/förskjutningssambaden för att undvika hög divergens i differenssättningen jord-påle. Vid modellering av GRPE-geonät underskattar PLAXIS 2D töjningen i geonäten på grund av sin oförmåga att simulera geonätens utböjning. EBR element ligger över ett kontinuerligt beräkningsnät av jord (soil mesh) som tillåter bankfyllningen att sätta genom EBRelement. Detta förhindrar utböjningen i geonätet som resulterar i en underskattning av töjningen i nätet vid modellering av GRPE i PLAXIS 2D. Förutom validering av 2D modelleringen av GRPE strukturer utför examensarbetet en jämförande literaturstudie av GRPE dimensioneringsriktlinjer med fokus på Brittisk BS8006 (2010), Tysk EBGEO (2011), och Nederländsk CUR226 (2016). De två sista nämnda riktlinjerna tillämpas på ASIRI för att prognosticera maximum geonättöjning och utböjning. Beräkningsresultat jämförs med värden från PLAXIS 2D modellen och mätningar från ASIRI. Litteraturstudien visar att geonätens belastningsfördelning är beroende främst på stödet från den underliggande jorden. Likformig belastningsfördelningen är lämpligare för en hög stödnivå och en invers-triangulär belastningsfördelningen för en låg stödnivå. Dock visar den analytiska analysen av ASIRI strukturen att en triangulär belastningsfördelning, som ansågs vara orealistisk i litteraturstudien, ger tillfredsställande resultat. Det är på grund av kombinationen av ’jordensglidning’ och hög stödnivå från den underliggandejorden i ASIRI:s fall.

Tagungsband des Ohde-Kolloquiums 2014. Die Fachtagung fand am 26.03.2014 an der TU Dresden statt.:Experimentelle Untersuchung der Kapillarität bei Sand unter monotoner und zyklischer Belastung, Marius Milatz Mehrphasen-Modell zur Simulation von Suffosion, Heike Pfletschinger-Pfaff, Jan Kayser, Holger Steeb Experimentelle Ermittlung intergranularer Kräfte unter Nutzung von 2D-DIC, Max Wiebicke, Edward Andò, Denis Caillerie, Gioacchino Viggiani Systeme paralleler Scherbänder - Experimentelle und analytische Untersuchungen, Lars Röchter Rechnerischer Stabilitätsnachweis für verflüssigungsgefährdete Standorte, Nándor Tamáskovics Untersuchung des Einflusses von Gaseinschlüssen unterhalb des Grundwasserspiegels auf Druckausbreitung und Bodenverformungen mittels gekoppelter FE-Berechnungen, Hector Montenegro, Oliver Stelzer Zeitabhängige Setzungen von Sand und FE-Simulationen einer Tagebaukippe, Stefan Vogt, Emanuel Birle, Gero Vinzelberg Über die Berücksichtigung großer Bodendeformationen in numerischen Modellen, Daniel Aubram Die Gefrierkernmethode - Weiterentwicklung des Erkundungsverfahrens zur geohydraulischen Charakterisierung von Sohlsedimenten, Daniel Straßer, Hermann-Josef Lensing, Dominik Richter, Simon Frank, Nico Goldscheider Nutzung von Verfahren der Bildanalyse zur Baugrundbeurteilung, Markus Wacker, Thomas Neumann, Jens Engel, Gunter Gräfe Anwendung von Elektroosmose zur Reduzierung des Herausziehwiderstandes von Spundwänden: Großmaßstäbliche Modellversuche in Ton, Christos Vrettos, Kai Merz Zementfiltration bei der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nichtbindigen Böden, Xenia Stodieck, Thomas Benz Modell- und Elementversuche zur Bodenverflüssigung, Erik Schwiteilo, Ivo Herle Dynamische Probebelastung einer Mikropfahlgründung - Feldversuch und dynamische 3D-FE-Simulation mittels Hypoplastizität, Thomas Meier, Jens Jähnig, Sina Meybodi Numerische und analytische Berechnungen zur Erdbebenbemessung von Böschungen, Hassan AlKayyal

This thesis focuses on the 2D modelling of Geosyntheticaly Reinforced Piled Embankments (GRPE) in PLAXIS 2D. In doing so, it explores two main aspects: 1) the calibration of Interface Stiffness Factors (ISFs) governing the soil-pile interaction of Embedded BeamRow (EBR) elements in PLAXIS 2D, and 2) the prospects and limitations of modelling geogrids (GR) in PLAXIS 2D when underlain by EBR elements; although several studies have validates the EBR element in modelling piles, none address the geogrid-EBR interaction and its implications on modelling GRPE systems. The thesis performs the calibration and validation processes using the full-scale GRPE structure ASIRI (Amélioration des Sols parInclusions Rigide) as documented in Briançon and Simon, 2012 and Nunez et al., 2013. Calibration of the EBR’s ISFs is done against 1) load-displacement curve of a test pile, 2)load-displacement of the structure’s monitored piles, and 3) differential soil-pile settlement. Model results for soil settlement, pile settlement, and pile load are then compared to reported values from the ASIRI site. Results show that the natural deviation between the structure and test pile’s load - displacement results in a wide range of possible calibration values for the ISFs, making calibration based on a test pile’s load-displacement curve an unpractical method. Even when such natural deviations were eliminated by calibrating the model against the structure’s reported values for pile load-displacement, model predictions for subsoil displacement were compromised. It is thus advisable to calibrate the EBR element with respect to soil settlement, pile settlement, and pile load rather than solely on a load-displacement curve as to avoid high divergences in soil-pile differential settlement. Modelling geogrids in GRPE systems, PLAXIS 2D underestimates GR strain due to its inability to simulate GR deflection: EBR elements are superimposed on top of a continuous soil mesh, thus allowing the embankment soil to settle through the EBR element. This unrealistically minimizes GR deflection, which underestimates GR strain when modelling GRPEs in PLAXIS 2D. In addition to validating the 2D modelling of GRPE systems, the thesis conducts a comparative literature review of GRPE design guidelines, focusing on the British BS8006 (2010), the German EBGEO (2011), and the Dutch CUR226 (2016). It then applies the latter two to the ASIRI full scale case study and compares results for predicted maximum GR strainand displacement to those from the PLAXIS 2D model and ASIRI measurements. The literature review shows that the geogrid load distribution is highly dependent on the state of subsoil support, where a uniform distribution is more appropriate for high subsoil support, and an inverse-triangular one more appropriate for low subsoil support. However, the analytical analysis of the ASIRI case shows that the triangular distribution, previously dismissed as unrealistic by the literature review, gives satisfactory results due to a combination of soil sliding and high subsoil support at the ASIRI site.<br>Examensarbetet utvärderar 2D modellering av bankpålning med geosyntetisk armering (Geosyntheticallt Reinforced Piled Embankments – GRPE) i PLAXIS 2D. Examensarbetet utforskar två huvudaspekter: 1) kalibrering av Interface Stiffness Factors (ISFs) som styrjord-påle samspelet av Embedded Beam Row (EBR) element i PLAXIS 2D, och 2) möjligheter och begränsningar vid modellering av geonät i PLAXIS 2D när de ligger över EBR element. Även om flera studier har validerat användningen av EBR element för modelleringenav pålning, har inga behandlat samspelet geonät-EBR samt dess implikationer på modelleringen av GRPE. I arbetet har kalibrerings- och valideringsprocesser genomförts genom att använda den fullskaliga GRPE strukturen ASIRI (Amélioration des Sols par Inclusions Rigide) som dokumenterats i Briançon och Simon(2012) samt Nunez et al. (2013). Kalibrering av EBR ISFshar utförts mot: 1) last/förskjutningssamband av testpålar, 2) last/förskjutningssambad av övervakade pålar i strukturen, och 3) jord-påle differenssättningen. Modellens resultat försättningar i jorden, deformation i pålarna och lasten i pålarna jämförs med mätningar från ASIRI. Resultaten visar att naturliga avvikelser mellan strukturens- och testpålens last/förskjutningssambad resulterar i ett brett spektrum av möjliga kalibreringsvärden för ISFs, som gör kalibrering mot testpålens last/förskjutningssambad opraktisk. Även vid justering för detta genom kalibrering mot strukturpålens last/förskjutningssambad minskade modellens noggrannhet för sättningar i jorden. Det är således lämpligt att kalibrera EBR element motsättningar i jorden, deformation i pålarna och lasten i pålarna i stället för bara last/förskjutningssambaden för att undvika hög divergens i differenssättningen jord-påle. Vid modellering av GRPE-geonät underskattar PLAXIS 2D töjningen i geonäten på grund av sin oförmåga att simulera geonätens utböjning. EBR element ligger över ett kontinuerligt beräkningsnät av jord (soil mesh) som tillåter bankfyllningen att sätta genom EBRelement. Detta förhindrar utböjningen i geonätet som resulterar i en underskattning av töjningen i nätet vid modellering av GRPE i PLAXIS 2D. Förutom validering av 2D modelleringen av GRPE strukturer utför examensarbetet en jämförande literaturstudie av GRPE dimensioneringsriktlinjer med fokus på Brittisk BS8006 (2010), Tysk EBGEO (2011), och Nederländsk CUR226 (2016). De två sista nämnda riktlinjerna tillämpas på ASIRI för att prognosticera maximum geonättöjning och utböjning. Beräkningsresultat jämförs med värden från PLAXIS 2D modellen och mätningar från ASIRI. Litteraturstudien visar att geonätens belastningsfördelning är beroende främst på stödet från den underliggande jorden. Likformig belastningsfördelningen är lämpligare för en hög stödnivå och en invers-triangulär belastningsfördelningen för en låg stödnivå. Dock visar den analytiska analysen av ASIRI strukturen att en triangulär belastningsfördelning, som ansågs vara orealistisk i litteraturstudien, ger tillfredsställande resultat. Det är på grund av kombinationen av ’jordensglidning’ och hög stödnivå från den underliggandejorden i ASIRI:s fall.