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Journal articles on the topic 'Geotechnical centrifuge'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mitchell, R. J. "The eleventh annual R.M. Hardy Keynote Address, 1997: Centrifugation in geoenvironmental practice and education." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-029.

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Geotechnical practitioners and educators may correctly regard the major contributions of centrifuge modelling as relatively substantive and expensive research enterprises. There are, however, many everyday applications of centrifugation that could be made available to both practitioners and educators at a modest cost. Centrifuge modelling and testing at relatively low gravitational levels are particularly relevant to geoenvironmental practice and education; the following applications are typical: (1) centrifuge modelling to produce realistic data on the movement and fate of contaminants in ground water for the validation or further development of numerical simulations; (2) centrifuge testing for the determination of geoenvironmental properties such as hydraulic conductivities and diffusion coefficients in fine-grained soils; (3) centrifuge model design using dimensional similitude for continued education and a better understanding of geoenvironmental concepts. Large commercial modelling centrifuges are beyond the budget of most soils laboratories but smaller dedicated centrifuges, with limited modelling capabilities, can be economically constructed for educational purposes and to produce independent design information that is cost competitive with bench testing.Key words: centrifugal modelling, geoenvironmental practice, education, laboratory centrifuges.

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2

Yin, Yi Hui, and Lin Long Dou. "Aerodynamic Power of Geotechnical Centrifuge." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.788.

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The calculated aerodynamic power by using formulas in references is always much less than practical one. The reason was found through analyzing the transformation of mechanical energy output by the motor to heat energy of the whole system and motion energy of the air newly getting in based on the relations of moment equilibrium. New formula of aerodynamic power and equation of air following flow ratio were deduced for closed chamber and holed chamber geotechnical centrifuges. The aerodynamic powers of one constructed closed chamber geotechnical centrifuge and one constructed holed chamber geotechnical centrifuge were computed by using different formulas and the results were compared with each other as well as the practical values, respectively. The comparisons show that the new formulas are much more accurate than previous ones in references.

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3

Li, Jian Dong, Dian Jun Zuo, and Yu Ting Zhang. "Numerical Analysis on Droplet Deformation and Breakup in High Gravity Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.276.

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Research slope stability under rainfall condition in geotechnical centrifuge is an ideal test method, however, the influence of high centrifugal force field produced by running geotechnical centrifuge cannot be neglected. Droplet deformation and breakup under different gravity and of different diameters were studied with VOF method, the results shows that the process of droplet deformation and breakup is similar under condition of different g-value and diameters, droplet breakup in a very short time in high gravity field, and with the increase of g-value, the breakup time of droplet became shorter, with the increase of droplet diameter, the breakup time of droplet became longer under same gravity acceleration. Studies in this paper have important significance in developing geotechnical centrifuge artificial rainfall equipment.

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4

Wang, Zhong Tao, Bo Xu, Mao Tian Luan, and Lin Qing Yang. "An Introduction to a New Drum Centrifuge at DUT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3106.

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Geotechnical centrifuges are globally used to investigate the structures which of behaviors are strongly dependent on the physical properties of soil. A new 1.4 m diameter 450 g-Tonne drum centrifuge GT450/1.4, manufactured by Broadbent & G-max company, has been installed at Dalian University of Technology in 2009. Control and data acquisition systems are provided in modular form, allowing a flexible choice of sampling and recording modes. The details including the development of the facility, the additional accessories required and a centrifugal test of submarine landslide are described.

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5

Singh, D. N., and Sneha J. Kuriyan. "Estimation of hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils using a geotechnical centrifuge." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-013.

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A saturated silty soil sample is centrifuged in a geotechnical centrifuge to create an unsaturated state. The change in water content of the soil sample is recorded at different points along the length of the sample to obtain the water-content profile, which is then used to obtain the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil sample. These hydraulic conductivity values are compared with those obtained and reported by previous researchers by conducting accelerated falling-head tests on this soil sample in a centrifuge. The study demonstrates the use of centrifugation techniques to obtain hydraulic conductivities of unsaturated soils.Key words: silty soil, saturated soil, unsaturated soil, hydraulic conductivity, centrifuge testing.

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6

Tang, Lie Xian, Lian Jun Guo, Da Ning Zhang, and Jian Ming Zheng. "Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Centrifuge Model Tests with Nonhomogeneous Materials in Geotechnical Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.495.

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The primary methods are antetype observation and model tests which to check the actual engineering status in geotechnical engineering field. The antetype observation is the best direct and convictive method, but approach miscellaneous and spend hugely. The general model tests can not fulfil the same stress between model and antetype. Geotechnical centrifuge model test can not only minish the measure of model and fulfil the comparability condition, but also can found all kinds of non-symmetrical models and simulation all kinds of complicated engineering. So the geotechnical centrifuge model test is applied widely in the geotechnical engineering. This paper used the RFPA-Centrifuge and recured to the principle of geotechnical centrifuge model test, evaluated the safety of model only by increase the physical strength. Though the numerical calculating in nonhomogeneous models with different scales showed that stress, displacement and failure mode were accord with conform ratio of centrifuge model tests. Showed the advantage that the results of RFPA can be validated each other with results of physical tests. For some specifical complicated items in geotechnical engineering, make a good test model is not only very hard and have to spend much time, but also need expensive test equipment and much money for test materials. It is very good if we can use a method to conquer these shortages. So it is advisable that using the mechod which geotechnical centrifuge tests combine RFPA-Centrifuge numerical simulation analysis method.

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7

Li, Xin Yao, Zhao Yu Luo, Ming Lin, and Ming Lei Zhang. "Design and Research of Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System of Geotechnical Centrifuge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.460.

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With some increase in capacity, load and runtime, running safety of geotechnical centrifuge becomes more and more grim. General layout and structure of geotechnical centrifuge are introduced. Main fault and fault components of geotechnical centrifuge are analyzed. A new distributed equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis network system based on RS485 field bus and industrial Ethernet is designed. Key technologies of this system are researched. Real-time signals of vibration, temperature and strain can be synchronously collected and processed. The application of this system can provide a reliable basis for running safety and maintenance timely of centrifuge.

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8

Li, L., D. A. Barry, and K. J. L. Stone. "Centrifugal modelling of nonsorbing, nonequilibrium solute transport in a locally inhomogeneous soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-056.

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This paper presents results of centrifugal modelling of physical nonequilibrium transport of nonsorbing solute in a locally inhomogeneous soil. Mathematical modelling of this class of transport process is restricted by the difficulties in determining the model parameters. The modelling results suggest that physical modelling on a geotechnical centrifuge may offer another approach to tackle this problem under certain conditions. Key words : tracer transport, centrifuge, physical modelling, heterogeneous soil, two-region model, scaling.

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9

Sharma, Jitendra S., and Lal Samarasekera. "Effect of centrifuge radius on hydraulic conductivity measured in a falling-head test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-092.

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An equation for the estimation of hydraulic conductivity from a falling-head test conducted in a centrifuge is derived that takes into account linearly increasing centrifugal acceleration across the soil sample. This equation indicates that, in the case of a falling-head test conducted using a small radius centrifuge, the assumption of constant centrifugal acceleration could result in significant underestimation of hydraulic conductivity. It is also shown that ignoring the curvature of the water table in a centrifuge model could also result in slight overestimation of hydraulic conductivity. The importance of setting the centrifuge acceleration level at an appropriate radial distance to achieve correct modelling of the prototype is also emphasized.Key words: hydraulic conductivity, centrifuge modelling, falling-head test.

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10

Zarime, Nur Aishah, and Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob. "Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity Using Geotechnical Centrifuge." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2017.878.881.

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11

Shepley, Paul, and Malcolm D. Bolton. "Water supply to a geotechnical centrifuge." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.13.00001.

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12

Springman, Sarah, Jan Laue, Richard Boyle, Josh White, and Adi Zweidler. "The ETH Zurich geotechnical drum centrifuge." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 1, no. 1 (March 2001): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2001.010107.

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13

Springman, Sarah, Josh White, J. Laue, Richard Boyle, and Adi Zweidler. "The ETH Zurich Geotechnical Drum Centrifuge." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2001.1.1.59.

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14

Chaney, RC, KR Demars, and AE Lord. "Capillary Flow in the Geotechnical Centrifuge." Geotechnical Testing Journal 22, no. 4 (1999): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11241j.

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15

Mitchell, R. J. "Centrifuge modelling as a consulting tool." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-018.

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Modelling is a primary tool for understanding complex engineering problems. In geotechnical engineering, physical and numerical modelling should be considered as complementary tools, both able to contribute substantially to the development of knowledge but one usually emerging as being the most effective or efficient for obtaining solutions for a certain class of problems. By considering past practice, recent progress, and amenability to modelling, the suitability of centrifuge modelling as a practical tool for solving various classes of geotechnical problems is discussed. Those problems for which the author considers centrifuge modelling to be a state-of-the-art consulting tool are delineated. Scale effects, boundary effects, and the concept of modelling of models are examined. Some known limitations in the physical modelling of natural phenomenon are noted. Centrifuge size, type, and complexity are discussed with reference to some of the more complex geotechnical problems, and some suggestions regarding methodologies for prototype evaluations are advanced. Key words: centrifuge modelling, consulting, physical modelling, centrifuge size, centrifuge use.

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16

Yue, Xiao Hong, Yong Jian Mao, Hao Pu, Bao Liang Niu, Lei Wang, Song Wang, Dai Rong Wu, and Yi Yu. "Dynamic Force Measurement of Model Container to Centrifuge Nacelle Used in Centrifuge Model Explosion Test." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1393.

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The technique of centrifuge model test has been widely used in geotechnical mechanics and engineering because of its low cost and low test scale. In order to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the geotechnical model under explosion, we are developing an explosion geotechnical centrifuge. The dynamic environment of explosion is necessary to be determined for the strength design of the centrifuge nacelle. This paper presents the dynamic force measurement of the model container to the centrifuge nacelle under a typical explosion. Firstly, three cylindrical supports were designed and calibrated by quasi-static compressive tests. The force-strain relations are measured and linearly fitted. Secondly, an explosion test was performed and the dynamic strain histories of the supports were measured. Then the dynamic force histories were obtained combined with the calibration results. The investigation provides an understanding of the dynamic environment for the centrifuge nacelle design.

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17

Fan, Yi Kai, Xiang Qian Liang, Xin Huang, and Xue Dong Zhang. "Blast Wave Effect on Apparatus and Propagation Laws in Dry Sand in Geotechnical Centrifuge Model Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.626.

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7 geotechnical centrifuge model tests for buried explosion in dry sand were investigated by using 450 g-t geotechnical centrifuge apparatus. Blast wave effect on apparatus and propagation laws in dry sand were studied under the conditions of different explosive charges and different centrifuge acceleration levels. 11 accelerometers were buried around the explosives for recording the acceleration response in sand. Other 1 accelerometer was installed on the centrifuge arm to monitor blast wave effect on centrifuge apparatus. The results demonstrate that: The effect of blast wave on centrifuge apparatus can be ignored. The peak acceleration is a power increasing function of the acceleration level. An empirical relation of exponent can be found between the proportional peak acceleration and the proportional distance.

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18

Mitchell, Robert J. "Centrifuge model tests on backfill stability." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-048.

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The 6 m diameter, 30 g-tonne geotechnical centrifuge at Queen's University is described. Results from eight model tests, carried out on plain cemented sand samples representing mine backfills, are presented. These data show that the stable prototype backfill heights obtained from centrifuge tests exceed the failure heights predicted from unconfined compression testing by factors averaging about 1.8. This factor is explained by a combination of geometrical and behavioural effects. Still photographs of typical backfill failures in the centrifuge are included and these indicate that unacceptable ore dilution and recovery costs would be associated with the prototype failures in plain cemented tailings backfills. Key words: geotechnical centrifuge, mine backfill, model tests, cemented sand.

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19

Zhang, L. L., W. H. Tang, and L. M. Zhang. "Bayesian Model Calibration Using Geotechnical Centrifuge Tests." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 135, no. 2 (February 2009): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2009)135:2(291).

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20

David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, MM Dewoolkar, T. Goddery, and D. Znidarcic. "Centrifuge Modeling for Undergraduate Geotechnical Engineering Instruction." Geotechnical Testing Journal 26, no. 2 (2003): 10726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11327j.

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21

Lord, Arthur E. "Geosynthetic/soil studies using a geotechnical centrifuge." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 6, no. 1-3 (January 1987): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(87)90062-8.

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22

Cooke, Brian. "Selection of operative centrifuge radius to minimize stress error in calculations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-017.

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In a centrifuge model, the vertical stress distribution is nonlinear because of the variation of the model's "gravity" field with the centrifuge radius from the top to the bottom of the model. Thus in calculating the centrifugal acceleration, and hence the scale of the model, care must be taken to use the definition of centrifuge radius that minimizes the stress error in the model profile. This paper demonstrates that this optimum radius is measured from the centre of rotation to a point 0.59 times the model height from the bottom of the model. Key words: centrifuge, stress, error.

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23

Zhang, Lei, Bin Shi, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo, Honghu Zhu, and Lixiang Jia. "An Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Monitoring System for Slope Deformation Studies in Geotechnical Centrifuges." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071591.

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Centrifugal model tests, which can reproduce the deformation process of the slope, play a crucial role in investigating the mechanism of slope failure. The FBG-based sensors, with high precision, electromagnetic resistance, light weight and small size, have been introduced into geotechnical centrifuge monitoring. The slope evolution is a complex multi-parameter dynamic process which involves the interaction of displacement, stress and strain. However, current research is mainly focused on one or two monitoring aspects, i.e., strain or displacement monitoring to study some specific questions. To achieve multi-parameter and real-time monitoring, a comprehensive fiber Bragg grating (FBG) monitoring system including miniaturized anchors, earth pressure gauges, inclinometer pipe and retaining wall, has been designed for geotechnical centrifuge tests. Before the centrifugal test, laboratory calibrations of sensors were carried out. The calibration results indicate that the FBG-based sensors can monitor the strain, stress and displacement variation precisely. The multi-parameter information related to slope stability were captured and analyzed in detail. The stress state of the anchors, strain distribution of retaining wall together with the displacement of the inclinometer pipe indicate the progressive evolutionary process of the model slope. The test results also indicate that the critical centrifugal force for the transition of the sliding surface is 45 g, after which, a sliding surface is formed in the soil above the retaining wall. The feasibility and validity of the monitoring system is verified by a comparison between the results of FBG-based sensors and those of a numerical simulation. In summary, the innovative FBG-based monitoring system has provided a feasible multi-parameter monitoring method in geotechnical centrifugal tests so as to facilitate further in-depth analysis.

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24

Wang, Shun, and Gregor Idinger. "A device for rainfall simulation in geotechnical centrifuges." Acta Geotechnica 16, no. 9 (April 15, 2021): 2887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01186-w.

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AbstractRainfall-induced slope instabilities are ubiquitous in nature, but simulation of this type of hazards with centrifuge modelling still poses difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a rainfall device for initiating slope failure in a medium-sized centrifuge. This rainfall system is simple, robust and affordable. An array of perforated hoses is placed close above the model slope surface to generate the raindrops. The rainfall intensity depends on the centrifuge acceleration and the flow rate of the water supply, which is controlled by the size and number of the tiny pinholes in the hose walls. The rainfall intensities that are tested range from 2.5–30 mm/h, covering the intensity range of moderate, heavy and torrential rainfall events. Our model test with rainfall-induced slope failure shows that this system is capable of generating relatively uniform rainfall of wide intensities and leads to various patterns of slope failure.

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25

Liang, Jianhui, and Xianhui Song. "Recent centrifuge modelling of offshore geotechnical problems at IWHR." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 17001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199217001.

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Centrifuge modelling has been proven to be an efficient and reliable approach for examining offshore geotechnical problems. This study reports the two series of centrifuge tests to understand the behaviour of spudcan penetration in a “soft-stiff-soft clay” stratigraphy and the behaviour of gravity anchor subjected to a lateral loading. A hydraulic system has been adopted to apply the large compressive and tensional load on the spudcan and gravity anchor, respectively. Load cells were installed on the base of the spudcan to directly measure the stress acting on the spudcan base. A 2D laser scanner was adopted to monitor the horizontal, vertical movement and tilting of the gravity anchor. The influence of the relative soil stiffness on the spudcan pentration behaviour and the soil deformation and interaction with the gravity anchor are discussed based on the centrifuge test results.

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26

Zhang, L. L., L. M. Zhang, and W. H. Tang. "Similarity of soil variability in centrifuge models." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 8 (August 2008): 1118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-066.

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The soil specimen in a centrifuge model is subject to spatial variability depending on the method of sample preparation and the stress field induced by the centrifugal acceleration, even though it is intended to be uniformly prepared. In contrast to extensive measurements for studying the variability of in situ soil properties, soil variability in centrifuge models, especially that which is based on data at very close sampling distances, is less understood. In this paper, the variability of soil density in two centrifuge models is presented. Random field theory is adopted to characterize the spatial soil variability in the two centrifuge models. The importance of taking spatial variability parameters as a model similarity requirement in centrifuge model design is illustrated and discussed. It is demonstrated that, although centrifuge models of different sizes can be designed to simulate the same prototype, the prototypes these models actually represent are not identical in terms of soil spatial variability. To achieve similarity in spatial variability between a centrifuge model and its prototype, one may need to control either the point coefficient of variation or the scale of fluctuation of the model soil so that the coefficients of variation of the spatially averaged soil property in the model and the prototype are the same.

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27

Hölscher, P., A. F. van Tol, and N. Q. Huy. "Rapid pile load tests in the geotechnical centrifuge." Soils and Foundations 52, no. 6 (December 2012): 1102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.11.024.

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28

Kumar, Rajeev P., and Devendra N. Singh. "Geotechnical Centrifuge Modeling of Chloride Diffusion through Soils." International Journal of Geomechanics 12, no. 3 (June 2012): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000139.

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29

Manthena, K. Chakravarthy, and Devendra Narain Singh. "Measuring soil thermal resistivity in a geotechnical centrifuge." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 1, no. 4 (December 2001): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2001.010403.

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30

Chaney, RC, KR Demars, JG Zornberg, JK Mitchell, and N. Sitar. "Testing of Reinforced Slopes in a Geotechnical Centrifuge." Geotechnical Testing Journal 20, no. 4 (1997): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10413j.

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31

Knodel, PC, AB Cooke, and RJ Mitchell. "Soil Column Drainage Modelling Using a Geotechnical Centrifuge." Geotechnical Testing Journal 14, no. 3 (1991): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10578j.

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32

Wang, Yong Zhi, Wei Ming Wang, and Xiao Ming Yuan. "Tracking Study on International Large Scale Centrifugal Shakers of 40g-t and Key Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.145.

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Centrifugal shakers are widely regarded as state-of-the-art testing facilities of geotechnical earthquake engineering for providing an effective solution for the unequal gravity stress between models and prototypes typically in traditional test methods. Currently only two large centrifugal shakers are in the United States and Japan respectively, whereas no one has been established in China. Such situation remarkably lags behind the serious seismic conditions and the world largest construction scale of civil engineering in China. Due to the lack of experiences and the lot of difficulty, one significant task of large scale centrifugal shaker construction is tracking study on the world advanced facilities. The paper outlines the technology parameters and components of the two existing large centrifugal shakers. Through investigating and comparing the structural characteristics of the two facilities, the differences between the two are summed up and analyzed. The analyses indicate that key technologies mainly centre upon centrifuge arms, centrifuge buckets, exciting devices, power sources and guide-support devices. The results can provide assistance and reference to the construction of foreign and domestic large scale centrifugal shakers.

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33

Langhorne, P. J., KJL Stone, and C. C. Smith. "The bearing capacity of saline ice sheets: centrifugal modelling." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 3 (October 25, 1999): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-014.

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Artificial sea ice sheets have been frozen in a centrifuge using novel techniques which yield reproducible ice growth rates and result in ice sheets of uniform thickness. The upper surface of these ice sheets has been subjected to an increasing load applied over a limited area, the maximum sustained load giving the bearing capacity at high inertial acceleration. Such centrifugal modelling techniques produce ice sheets with bearing capacities in agreement with existing field and laboratory data. In particular, the influence of indentor diameter and loading rate is examined and the centrifuge data are found to behave in the same manner as existing data with respect to both of these variables. All data are compared with a number of theoretical descriptions of bearing capacity, and these comparisons are discussed with regard to their impact on the applicability of the centrifuge modelling technique on ice penetration problems.Key words: centrifugal modelling, sea ice, bearing capacity.

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34

Abdoun, Tarek, Waleed El-Sekelly, Ricardo Dobry, Sabanayagam Thevanayagam, and Marcelo Gonzalez. "A Database for the Experimental Study of Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading in Sands." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 2 (May 2016): 1261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/013115eqs018m.

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Centrifuge and large-scale testing in geotechnical engineering are very useful tools for modeling soil behavior under different loading conditions, particularly under earthquake loading. The paper presents an extensive database of nine centrifuge and large-scale liquefaction experiments performed both at the geotechnical centrifuge testing facility at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and the large-scale testing facility at the University at Buffalo (UB). The database described herein was generated using the NEEShub online DataStore tool under the name “CENSEIS: Centrifuge and Large (Full)-Scale Modeling of Seismic Pore Pressures in Sands” (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4231/D3GF0MX4F ). The paper discusses the tools and materials used in the experiments along with an explanation of each item in the database. Sample analyses are also presented in the paper to give an insight on the capabilities of the database for numerical and analytical applications. The paper is concluded with some possible applications along with tips and limitations of the database.

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35

Liu, Jing Bo, Dong Dong Zhao, Wen Hui Wang, and Xiang Qing Liu. "Geotechnical Centrifuge Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Simulation of Soil-Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.372.

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Two geotechnical centrifuge model tests of a soil-structure system with different burial depths are performed to investigate the interaction between soil and structure. The tests are performed at 50 gravitational centrifuge accelerations and the input motion is Kobe wave. This paper focuses on the accelerations and displacements in the soil-structures system. The peak accelerations and displacements along the axis of the structure and along the vertical line 17cm away from the axis are presented. The acceleration and displacement response due to the interaction between soil and structure are studied.

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36

van Tonder, W. D. "Seepage column hydraulic conductivity tests in the geotechnical centrifuge." Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 59, no. 3 (2017): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2017/v59n3a3.

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37

Mathews, J. C., and Wei Wu. "Model tests of silo discharge in a geotechnical centrifuge." Powder Technology 293 (May 2016): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.11.025.

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38

Petersen, DR, RE Link, DN Singh, and AK Gupta. "Falling Head Hydraulic Conductivity Tests in a Geotechnical Centrifuge." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 29, no. 3 (2001): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12253j.

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Drnevich, VP, and WH Craig. "The Use of a Centrifuge in Geotechnical Engineering Education." Geotechnical Testing Journal 12, no. 4 (1989): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10986j.

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Harris, Charles, Brice R. Rea, and Michael C. R. Davies. "Geotechnical centrifuge modelling of gelifluction processes: validation of a new approach to periglacial slope studies." Annals of Glaciology 31 (2000): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756400781819842.

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AbstractHere we compare scaled centrifuge modelling of gelifluction processes with earlier full-scale physical modelling experiments. The objective is to assess the validity of the centrifuge technique for cryogenic slope-process investigations. Centrifuge modelling allows correct self-weight stresses to be generated within a small-scale physical model by placing it in an elevated gravitational field. This paper describes an experiment in which a scaled frozen-slope model was thawed in a gravitational field equivalent to ten gravities. After four cycles of thawing, during which soil temperatures, pore pressures, thaw settlement and downslope soil displacements were continuously monitored, a series of marker columns were excavated to reveal profiles of soil movement. Comparison of these data with those from an earlier full-scale laboratory simulation experiment indicates that thaw-related gelifluction was successfully reproduced during centrifuge modelling. It is concluded that rates of soil shear strain during gelifluction were not time-dependent? since soil displacements in the centrifuge tests were of a similar magnitude to or greater than those observed in the much longer-duration full-scale simulation. This suggests that no transition occurred in soil behaviour from a frictional plastic to a true viscous fluid during the period of high moisture contents immediately following thaw.

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De, Anirban, and Thomas F. Zimmie. "Application of Geotechnical Centrifuge Testing To Evaluate Unconventional Highway Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1577, no. 1 (January 1997): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1577-12.

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The principles involved in using a geotechnical centrifuge to study long-term consolidation and seepage characteristics of an unconventional geotechnical material are described. Results are presented from long-term leaching tests that were performed in a 100 g-ton centrifuge to simulate 30 years of water flow through sludge material from a paper mill. The consolidation and permeability characteristics of these samples were tested, and the leachate flowing through the materials was collected and tested for chemical composition. Two sludges were tested and their behaviors were compared with those of a conventional clay material, also tested in a similar manner. The sludge material was found to be highly compressible and showed large reductions in permeability with time. Chemical analyses performed on the leachate collected after seepage through the sludge material indicated that the sludge material was suitable for the intended use. This same method of testing can also be used in testing new highway materials. The approach can provide information about the geotechnical and hydrological properties of the material and help identify the environmental characteristics by providing leachate for chemical analyses.

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Bowman, Elisabeth T., Jan Laue, Bernd Imre, and Sarah M. Springman. "Experimental modelling of debris flow behaviour using a geotechnical centrifuge." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 7 (July 2010): 742–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-141.

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Physical modelling of debris flows has been carried out in the geotechnical drum centrifuge at ETH Zürich. A new apparatus to model debris flows in the centrifuge is described. The apparatus permits the final reach of a typical debris flow to be modelled within the centrifuge, with unconsolidated material flowing down a slope to deposit as a fan around the drum. Experiments are described for both fixed base conditions and erodible bases. Tests to examine the verification (modelling) of models show that debris flow behaviour is governed mainly by friction and consolidation processes, although some resolution is required between flow behaviour downslope and flow arrest during runout. The results are compared with bulk parameters determined for field-scale debris flows. It is found that some important flow mechanisms, such as contact-dominated behaviour and high pore pressures, are developed that are closer to those developed at field-scale than tests conducted at 1g. Velocity profiles for erodible beds are compared with a semi-empirical expression derived for experimental debris flows at 1g. Normalized velocity profiles are found to be in agreement; however, absolute velocities differ from those predicted. Scaling, the limitations of the apparatus, and potential for future work are discussed.

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Wu, Guo Xiong, Ke Zhang, and Xiang Shou Chen. "Geotechnical Centrifuge Modeling of Super-High Embankment Filled by Red Soft Soil in Western Yunnan Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.851.

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High and even super-high embankment filled by red soft soil are often used in road construction in the mountainous areas of Western Yunnan province, China. Due to the poor engineering properties of the red soil, a proper analysis of the stability of the embankment is necessary. This paper aims to analyze the deformation and stability of a typical super-high embankment by comparing the geotechnical centrifuge modeling and FLAC-2D results. The paper finally concludes that: 1) The red soft soil in Yunnan province can be used as fill material; 2) Flat slope and geo-grid can effectively restrain the deformation of the slope; 3) Geotechnical centrifuge modeling well reflect the real engineering performance of the embankment.

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Li, Xinyao, and Liangli He. "Shape Optimization Design for a Centrifuge Structure with Multi Topological Configurations Based on the B-Spline FCM and GCMMA." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020620.

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The geotechnical centrifuge applied in various geotechnical engineering fields provides physical data for investigating mechanisms of deformation and failure and for validating analytical and numerical methods by simulating and studying the geotechnical problems. The basket, as one of the important components used to place the inspection model of centrifugal test, is designed to withstand complex loads. This paper presents an optimization design method for the basket based on the weighted B-Spline Finite Cell Method (FCM) and the globally-convergent method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA). In order to obtain a superior design solution, four topological configurations, i.e., original single web, porous dual web, open deep groove dual web, and connected closed dual web, are investigated and optimized. The mass is selected as the optimization objective, while key shape parameters and stress are regarded as design variables and the constraint, respectively. By optimization, the final masses of the four configurations are reduced greatly compared with the initial configurations, where the greatest weight loss, in case 4, is 10.6%. This indicates that the weighted B-Spline FCM and GCMMA can be well applied for shape optimization of structure in engineering design. In contrast to the final single web adopted in the traditional basket design in case 1, the final configuration in case 4, i.e., connected closed dual web, has the least mass. The final mass is reduced by 133.38 kg when the centrifuge strength requirement is met. Therefore, the final configuration in case 4, where the maximum von-Mises stress is 398.72MPa and mass is 781.82 kg, is superior to the three other configurations.

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Rios, Sara, Maxim Millen, António Viana da Fonseca, Pedro Santos, and Giuseppe Mudanò. "Validation of liquefaction prediction models from geotechnical centrifuge tests results." Geotecnia 148 (March 2020): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24849/j.geot.2020.148.03.

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Kimura, T., O. Kusakabe, and K. Saitoh. "Geotechnical model tests of bearing capacity problems in a centrifuge." Géotechnique 35, no. 1 (March 1985): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.1985.35.1.33.

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CULLIGAN, P. J., and D. A. BARRY. "SIMILITUDE REQUIREMENTS FOR MODELLING NAPL MOVEMENT WITH A GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGE." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 131, no. 3 (July 1998): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/igeng.1998.30474.

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Mason, H. B., N. W. Trombetta, Z. Chen, J. D. Bray, T. C. Hutchinson, and B. L. Kutter. "Seismic soil–foundation–structure interaction observed in geotechnical centrifuge experiments." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 48 (May 2013): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.01.014.

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Zhang, Youhu, Britta Bienen, and Mark J. Cassidy. "Development of a combinedVHMloading apparatus for a geotechnical drum centrifuge." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 13, no. 1 (March 2013): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.12.00007.

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White, Dave, Mark Randolph, and Bart Thompson. "An image-based deformation measurement system for the geotechnical centrifuge." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 5, no. 3 (September 2005): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2005.050301.

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