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Miller, Vickie Marie. "Habitat Characterization of Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana Groups at Fort Bragg, North Carolina." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01042005-113555/.
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The growth characteristics and habitat of the rare shrub Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana were studied by examining 19 documented groups of this Federal Species of Concern. These 19 groups occur along the Little River on the Fort Bragg Military Reservation in Cumberland, Hoke and Moore counties, North Carolina. Systematic field studies located and monitored the plants, and a modified version of the North Carolina Vegetation Survey protocol produced an inventory of surrounding plant communities. Results were used to modify knowledge of A. georgiana var. georgiana and correct errors in previous accounts: flowering commences in mid-April and ends in mid-May; seeds may persist on the plants until the following April; tree canopy densities range above 75 percent; and the plant inhabits transition zones on the dry side of wetland boundaries. A key to guide searches for the plant is presented along with recommendations for further research to resolve remaining questions about the protection status of Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana.
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Foreman, Amanda Lucy. "The political life of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, 1757-1806." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300549.
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Cyrino, João Paulo Lazzarini. "O sincretismo passivo-reflexivo em georgiano : discussões sobre abordagens formais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32874.
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A presente dissertação investiga o sincretismo do morfema pré-radical -i- dos verbos do georgiano, uma língua da família kartveliana (Sul-Caucasiana) falada na República da Georgia. O morfema é conhecido na literatura por estar relacionado à reflexivização na língua e ao sincretismo passivo-reflexivo, apresentando semelhanças, por exemplo, com o SE das línguas românicas. Além disso, o morfema também ocorre como marca de aspecto perfectivo em verbos inergativos. Os principais objetivos dessa investigação são (i) o de descrever o comportamento do morfema e relacionar seus diversos contextos de ocorrência e (ii) o de verificar a possibilidade de analisá-lo uniformemente. No primeiro capítulo, apresentamos uma síntese dos aspectos mais relevantes da gramática da língua para a compreensão do restante da dissertação; no segundo, contextualizamos o morfema -i- dentro do paradigma das vogais pré-radicais e descrevemos seu comportamento nos diferentes contextos de inserção; no terceiro, investigamos a possibilidade de se considerar o sincretismo de -i- como sendo um caso de sincretismo passivo-reflexivo; no quarto, apresentamos as teorias concorrentes, de EMBICK (1998, 2004) e de REINHART & SILONI (2004, 2005), sobre o sincretismo passivo-reflexivo e mostramos os problemas que apresentam os dados do georgiano para ambas as teorias. Por fim, o quinto capítulo conclui a dissertação por apresentar duas alternativas de explicação para o fenômeno que ainda devem ser investigadas: (i) baseando-se em LIDZ (2001), parece ser possível explicar o comportamento de -i- por conceber a interação de diferentes níveis de representação pré-sintáticos e (ii), baseando se em DE SCHEPPER (2007) e em HASPELMATH (2003), é possível explicar a variedade de contextos de inserção do morfema por meio de uma teoria de derivação diacrônica gradual.This dissertation investigates the syncretic behaviour of the verbal pre-radical -imorpheme present in Georgian, a Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language spoken mainly in the Republic of Georgia. Within the literature, the morpheme is known for its relation with reflexivization and with the passive-reflexive syncretism, being somehow similar to the romance clitic SE, for example. The morpheme also occurs as a mark of perfective aspect on unergative verbs. The main goals of this research are (i) to describe the morpheme behaviour and to co-relate its various contexts of occurrence and (ii) to verify the possibility of analysing it uniformely. In the first chapter, we present a synthesis of the most relevant aspects of the language's grammar in order to clarify the reasonings and data presented throughout this dissertation; in the second, we contextualize the -i- morpheme within the paradigm of the preradical vowels and describe its behaviour in its different contexts of ocurrence; in the third, we investigate the possibility of considering the morpheme's syncretism as being of a Passive- Reflexive type; on the fourth, we present the two actual concurrent theories on Passive- Reflexive Syncretism: EMBICK (1998, 2004)'s and REINHART & SILONI (2004, 2005)'s, showing the issues Georgian data present to both theories. Finally, the fifth chapter concludes the dissertation by presenting two alternatives, which may be further investigated, to explain the phenomenon. The first one is based on LIDZ (2001) and suggests that the behaviour of -iis the result of the interaction of different pre-syntactical levels of representation. The second one is based on DE SCHEPPER (2007) and HASPELMATH (2003) and proposes that the variety of contexts where -i- can occur is the consequence of a diachronic gradual derivation.
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Istrate, Alina Georgiana [Verfasser]. "Formation of low-mass helium white dwarfs orbiting binary millisecond pulsars / Alina Georgiana Istrate." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132711436/34.
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Dinu, Georgiana [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Pinkal. "Word meaning in context : a probabilistic model and its application to question answering / Georgiana Dinu. Betreuer: Manfred Pinkal." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052550916/34.
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Valicu, Roxana Georgiana [Verfasser], Winfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Petry, and PETER [Akademischer Betreuer] BOENI. "Design and tests of an adaptive focusing neutron guide / Roxana Georgiana Valicu. Gutachter: Peter Böni. Betreuer: Winfried Petry." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030100128/34.
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Rus, Oana Georgiana [Verfasser], and Kathrin [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "The obsessed brain : functional and structural neural correlates in obsessive-compulsive disorder / Oana Georgiana Rus ; Betreuer: Kathrin Koch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149509910/34.
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Williams-Zarka, Isabelle. "Deux femmes préraphaélites : Elizabeth Siddal et Georgiana Burne-Jones : réalité sociale et dépendance artistique au sein du mouvement préraphaélite." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040067.
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Malgré leur silence et la puissance de leur rôle allégorique, certaines femmes préraphaélites se sont permis de laisser un témoignage direct de la portée idéologique du mouvement; Elizabeth Siddal et Georgiana Burne-Jones sont les seules de ces femmes à avoir osé commenter ouvertement le destin de la femme préraphaélite. Leurs œuvres évoquent à la fois la liberté d'action et de pensée accordée aux femmes par les préraphaélites et l'internement du "paraitre" de la féminité qu'il leur a fallu symboliser. Leur message est essentiellement moderne puisqu'il évoque la difficulté de la femme à s'insérer dans une superstructure socio-professionnelle et idéologique typiquement masculineIn spite of their silence and beyond the allegory of their image, some pre-Raphaelite women managed to leave an open testimony of the ideology of the movement. Elizabeth Siddal and Georgiana Burne-Jones are the only pre-Raphaelite women to have dared an open commentary on the destiny of the pre-Raphaelite woman. Their works and realizations speak of the freedom of action and thought the pre-Raphaelites entrusted women with, yet they also speak of the alienation of the icon of femininity both women were called upon to embody. Their message is essentially modern in a much as it revolves around the difficulty both women experienced as they tried to find their place in a typically masculine socio-professional and ideological environment
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Danner, Raymond Michael. "The Effects of Limited Winter Food Availability on the Population Dynamics, Energy Reserves, and Feather Molt of the Swamp Sparrow." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38688.
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Small birds likely face energetic challenges in temperate zone winters posed by cold weather coupled with food scarcity. These challenges are often assumed to occur, but are rarely experimentally tested. I hypothesized that the naturally occurring, lower abundances of food in temperate zone winters limit a birdâ s ability to acquire optimal energy and ultimately limit fitness. In this dissertation, I show that supplementation of food decreased mortality and improved traits potentially associated with future reproductive success of wild swamp sparrows (Melospiza georgiana), supporting the hypothesis that winter food abundance limits fitness. These results come from a replicated and controlled food supplementation experiment conducted over three years. First, I demonstrated that following food addition, immigration increased, leading to higher densities, and that all age/sex classes experienced higher survival and maintained larger energy reserves (Chapter I). Survival was positively related to energy reserves, indicating that food availability limits survival through a birdâ s ability to maintain sufficient fat. In addition to causing mortality in winter, food limitation of energy reserves may carry over to affect future reproductive success by influencing timing of preparations for breeding, including migration. In Chapter II, I show that swamp sparrows decreased fat reserves over each winter, despite unlimited food availability, indicating that they adaptively regulated fat reserves, potentially to balance starvation and depredation risks. Fat reserves of control birds tracked recent temperature and control birds lost muscle throughout the winter, indicating that they were limited by food and were unable to reach optimal fat levels on a daily basis. These
results suggest that limitation of energy reserves by food availability can be influenced by temperature and predator abundance. Lastly, I demonstrated that food abundance limits the timing of molt in the wild (Chapter III), an unprecedented finding. Because molt, migration, and breeding typically do not overlap, early molt might lead to earlier migration and breeding. Therefore, we hypothesize that timing of molt is another mechanism by which winter food abundance can limit reproductive success. These results provide strong evidence that food availability can limit wintering temperate migrants in a variety of ways.Ph. D.
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Olsen, Brian J. "Life History Divergence & Tidal Salt Marsh Adaptations of the Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25985.
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Adaptation to local environments via natural selection is a powerful mechanism for population divergence and likely one of the primary causes of speciation. To understand how specific habitats shape local adaptation, it is helpful to study closely-related populations from widely differing ecosystems that have not had sufficient time to diverge by genetic drift. Throughout the following chapters I examine the distribution of morphological, behavioral, and reproductive phenotypes within and between two subspecies of the swamp sparrow. These two populations, the tidal salt marsh endemic Melospiza georgiana nigrescens and the nominant inland subspecies, M. g. georgiana were incompletely isolated from each other following the retreat of the Wisconsin glaciation. Since that time the increased nest predation, temperature, season length, salinity and tidal flow of the coastal marshes relative to inland wetlands has resulted in a number of adaptations among coastal sparrows due to natural selection, sexual selection, and phenotypic plasticity. Specifically I examine the habitat preferences of the coastal plain swamp sparrow, the difference in clutch size between the two subspecies, the rates of extrapair fertilization relative to male quality, the ecosystem-specific interactions between natural and sexual selection on plumage badges, and the role of conspecific attraction in nest placement. The environmental differences of the tidal salt marsh have played strong roles in the local adaptation and divergence of coastal plain swamp sparrows from their freshwater ancestors. Many of these divergent mechanisms may be similar among other tidal marsh endemics, although some (especially those related to sexual selection) may be specific to the swamp sparrow. In general, however, we see that the added environmental challenges of tidal ecosystems strongly alter selection regimes on a terrestrial vertebrate inhabiting this dynamic ecotone. The swamp sparrow system can further increase our understanding of how the interplay between environmental resources, sexual selection, and natural selection affects the local adaptations leading to evolutionary divergence.Ph. D.
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Augustine, Starrlight. "Metabolic programming of zebrafish, Danio rerio uncovered : Physiological performance as explained by Dynamic Energy Budget Theory and life-cycle consequences of uranium induced perturbations." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4708/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s'est intéressé aux effets de l'uranium appauvri (U) sur le poisson zèbre, Danio rerio. L'hypothèse de travail majeure est que les effets de l'U peuvent se traduire par des modifications du métabolisme. Par conséquent nous avons caractérisé la performance physiologique par le biais de la théorie des bilans d'énergie dynamique (DEB) car c'est la seule théorie qui quantifie simultanément l'ingestion, l'assimilation, la croissance, la reproduction, la maturation, la maintenance et le vieillisse¬ment au cours du cycle de vie entier à des niveaux de nourriture variable. Un modèle DEB a ainsi été construit et a permis de quantifier et de prédire la manière dont la performance physiologique du poisson zèbre dépend de son niveau de nutrition (et de la température). Nous avons montré que le développement s'accélère après la naissance jusqu'à la métamorphose où l'accélération cesse. De plus les coûts de maintenance somatique sont très élevés.Un module spécifiant la toxico-cinétique de l'U, chez un individu qui se nourrit, croit et se reproduit, a été incorporé dans le modèle DEB. Le modèle a été appliqué aux données de toxicité (publiés et acquis pendant la thèse) afin de découvrir quel processus est affecté par l'U. Les résultats montrent qu'à partir de 0 nM, l'U augmenterait les coûts de croissance et diminuerait l'assimilation et/ou augmenterait le coût de la maintenance somatique. Nous n'avons pas pu détecter d'effets notables sur la maturation. Une étude histologique révèle que l'U altère l'intégrité de la paroi intestinale et pourrait perturber l'homéostasie des interactions hôte-bactériesThe aim of this dissertation is to characterize the toxicity of depleted uranium (U) on the metabolism of zebrafish, Danio rerio. The underlying hypothesis of this work is that effects of U show up as effects on the metabolism of the individual. Consequently, we characterized physiological performance using Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory since it is the only theory which simultaneously specifies ingestion, assimilation, growth, reproduction, maturation, maintenance and ageing over the whole life-cycle at varying food availability. Thus a DEB model was built which quantifies and predicts how the physiological performance of zebrafish relates to food level (and temperature). We showed that development accelerates after birth until metamorphosis after which acceleration ceases. Furthermore, somatic maintenance costs are very high.A module specifying toxico-kinetics of U in a feeding, growing and reproducing individual was incorporated into the DEB model. The model was then applied to toxicity data (from the literature or acquired during this thesis) in order to determine which processes are affected by U. Our results show that, from 0 nM onwards, U increases costs for growth and either increases somatic maintenance or decreases assimilation. We were unable to detect effects on maturation. A histological study showed that U alters histology of the gut wall and may perturb host-microbe homeostasis. By accounting for differences in initial conditions between individuals we were able to explain a number of seemingly contradictory results. The take home message is: observations on individuals should not be averaged for groups of individuals
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Kereselidze, David. "Der Allgemeine Teil des georgischen Zivilgesetzbuches von 1997 : eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/472220306.pdf.
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Jugaste, Artur. "Communicating Georgia : Georgia's information campaign in the 2008 war with Russia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59081.
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During the 2008 South Ossetia war, Georgia and Russia fought what the English-language media called "a public relations war“. This was an interesting example of modern information warfare where governments allied with public relations agencies battled for symbolic power on the media field. This study investigates the information campaign that the Georgian government launched to promote their framing of the conflict in the English-language media. First-hand information about the campaign strategies and techniques is gathered by interviewing the people who worked as PR consultants for the Georgian government during the war in 2008. The eventual PR output is mapped and press release texts are compared with articles from The New York Times and The Washington Post in a framing analysis. The results indicate that Georgia won the PR war as the coverage in the U.S. newspapers clearly supported Georgia's framing. This outcome is attributed to the Georgian side's media management activities that skillfully anticipated the needs of the foreign correspondents covering the conflict. However, the study points out that the supportive coverage was not the result of Georgia's information campaign only. Other factors have to be taken into account, most notably the U.S. administration's strong backing of the Georgian leadership that shaped the tone of the articles written about the war. Future research should look at how the war was covered in countries with less explicit political support for Georgia, as well as investigate the PR efforts on the Russian side during and after the war.
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Partskhaladze, Vakhtang. "Development perspectives of small and medium businesses in Georgia." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6639/.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union the former member states have started the transformation process. The transformation process from planned to market economy includes not only the adaptation of the economy to the new market rules but also the profound social and political transformation. For this reason such processes present huge challenges to affected societies.
The transformational recession in Georgia was significantly enhanced by the civil war and by ethnic conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. During the ethnic conflicts and civil war the business and technical infrastructure were damaged and most of them were completely destroyed. Poverty and political instability were predominated. The trade relations with the member countries of Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) were aborted. Moreover, the conflict in South Ossetia hampered the power supply from Russia and a conflict in Abkhazia, the production and trade with tea and citruses, which were major trade commodities at that time.
In the beginning of 90-ies, Georgian government with the assistance of international organizations, such as International Monetary Fund and World Bank started to elaborate political and economical reforms. The reforms included several aspects, such as the transfer of public assets to private through privatization, the liberalization of domestic market and trade and the creation of market-oriented institutions.
Because of lack in implementation neither economical nor political transformation has been achieved. For instance, by the begin of market oriented reforms the awareness of policy makers about the importance of entrepreneurship, in particular small and medium ones for the economy was low. The absence of previous experience prevented the elaboration of appropriate policy instruments and methods for the development of competitive market economy. The stimulation of private sector has been generally neglected. This had a severe affect on political, social and economical problems, which still hampers the development of middle class in Georgia.
The presented research indicates that productive entrepreneurship is a driving force of an economy. The entrepreneurial activities on the one hand facilitate the resource allocation and on the other through the development of new products and services urge the competition. Furthermore, they contribute to technological improvements through innovation, create jobs and thus boost the economic and social development of a particular region or country. However, it is important that the legal and institutional framework is appropriately settled.
Unlike mature market economies, Georgia is not characterized by well-developed sector of small and medium sized businesses. Most existing SMEs are operating in local markets and predominantly in the shadow economy. It is also noteworthy that small business in Georgia belongs to so called “mom and pop” rather than to innovative, growth oriented businesses. They are mostly engaged in trade and craft. In addition of poor performance, the business activity of SMEs is very centralized. The vast majority of them are operating in the capital Tbilisi.
The poor performance of small and medium businesses in Georgia and their negligence by the market forces is among others due to the armed conflicts and state failure. As in the beginning of transformation process, down to the present day, the state fails to provide necessary conditions, such as rule of law, the protection of property rights and competition, transparent and uncorrupted public administration. The result is the weak middle class. The weak middle class by itself has a negative impact on economic development and democratization process in Georgia.Nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion haben die ehemaligen Mitgliedstaaten angefangen, ihre Wirtschaftssysteme zu transformieren. Beim Prozess der Transformation von einer Planwirtschaft zu einer Marktwirtschaft handelt es sich um mehr als um einen Prozess der wirtschaftlichen Umwandlung: Er beinhaltete sowohl einen tiefgreifenden sozialen als auch einen politischen Wandel. Aus diesem Grund stellen derartige Transformationsprozesse eine große Herausforderung für die betroffenen Gesellschaften dar. Die transformationsbedingte Rezession in Georgien wurde in der Anfangszeit durch den Bürgerkrieg und ethnische Konflikte wesentlich verstärkt. Im Laufe der Kriegszeit wurden sowohl die technische als auch die geschäftliche Infrastruktur im Wesentlichen zerstört. Es herrschten Armut und politische Instabilität. Die Handelsbeziehungen mit Mitgliedstaaten des Rates für Gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (RGW) wurden abgebrochen. Zudem behinderte einerseits der Krieg in Südossetien Energielieferungen aus Russland andererseits schwächte der Krieg in Abchasien die Produktion von Zitrusgewächsen und Tee sowie den Handel mit ihnen. Diese Produkte gehörten damals zu den wesentlichen Exportgütern von Georgien. Im Jahr 1994 wurden die marktwirtschaftlichen Reformen in Georgien durch den Internationalen Währungsfonds und die Weltbank unterstützt. Die Unterstützungsmaßnahmen konzentrierten sich zunächst auf den Privatisierungsprozess, auf die Stabilisierung und die Liberalisierung der Märkte. Die Stabilisierungs-und Liberalisierungsmaßnahmen wurden durch diese Unterstützung effektiv durchgeführt. Dadurch wurde ein gewisses Maß an wirtschaftlicher Stabilisierung erreicht, was jedoch die Privatisierung anbetrifft, blieben die Ergebnisse des Prozesses insgesamt mangelhaft. Es ist ganz offensichtlich, dass mit dem Beginn der marktwirtschaftlichen Reformen das Bewusstsein für die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung des Unternehmertums, insbesondere der KMU, unter den politischen Entscheidungsträgern allerdings nicht mit der notwendigen Geschwindigkeit gewachsen ist. Die Rolle der kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen für die Volkswirtschaft sowie die Instrumente und Methoden, um eine moderne wettbewerbsfähige Marktwirtschaft aufzubauen und institutionell zu kräftigen, waren den Entscheidungsträgern in den Georgien aus Mangel an früheren Erfahrungen zunächst unbekannt. Deswegen wurde es versäumt, Maßnahmen zur Förderung der kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen zu erarbeiten. Dies führt bis heute zu transformationsbedingten politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Problemen, welche die Entstehung eines starken Mittelstands bremsen. Die Ergebnisse der Forschung zeigen, dass auf die makroökonomische Ebene bezogen das produktive „Entrepreneurship“ einen Schlüssel zu Wachstum und Dynamik der Wirtschaft darstellt. Unternehmerische Aktivitäten ermöglichen einerseits eine effiziente Allokation der Ressourcen, andererseits treiben sie durch die Entwicklung neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen den Wettbewerb an. Darüber hinaus erfüllen sie im praktischen Wirtschaftsleben aber noch weitere wichtige Funktionen: Vor allem gewährleisten sie den technischen Fortschritt, indem sie Innovationen durchsetzen, sie tragen zum Entstehen von Arbeitsplätzen bei und beschleunigen die wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung, indem sie brach liegende Potenziale mobilisieren. Es ist jedoch unbedingt notwendig, dass die rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen korrekt festgesetzt sind, damit die Entrepreneure diese Ziele erreichen können. Die Analyse des Status quo in Georgien hat verdeutlicht, dass die überwiegende Zahl der kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen in den Bereichen Handel und Dienstleistungen beschäftigt ist. Die Tätigkeit von vielen davon ist eher als „Proprietorship“ statt „Entrepreneurship“ zu charakterisieren. Die Ursache, dass sich in Georgien eine unproduktive Form unternehmerischer Tätigkeit entwickelt hat, ist u. a. auf Staatsversagen zurückzuführen. Wie in der Anfangsphase versagt der Staat bis heute bei der Bereitstellung der notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen und der Festlegung gerechter Spielregeln, und darunter leiden kleine und mittlere Unternehmen stärker als die großen. Da die notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen in Georgien noch nicht im gewünschten Maße bereitgestellt sind, und die Institutionen einfach fehlen, erschwert das weiter die Funktion der Märkte, sodass die kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen auch durch die Märkte benachteiligt werden.
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Targamadze, Tamara. "Technologiepolitik im Transformationsprozess : eine Auswertung der georgischen Erfahrungen /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Bern ; Bruxelles ; New York ; Oxford ; Wien : Lang, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014724682&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Goddard, Lisa Anne. "Georgian Opposition to Soviet Rule (1956-1989) and the Causes of Resentment between Georgia and Russia." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306871594.
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Augustine, Starrlight. "Metabolic programming of zebra fish, Danio rerio, uncovered; physiological performance as explained by Dynamic Energy Budget theory and life cycle consequences of uranium induced perturbations." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761088.
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L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse était de caractériser la toxicité de l'uranium sur le métabolisme du poisson zèbre, Danio rerio. Puisque les effets de l'uranium se traduisent par des modifications de la performance du métabolisme, la question suivante se pose: que savons-nous du métabolisme du poisson zèbre témoin? Très peu de chose. En effet, nos connaissances à ce sujet sont assez limitées en dépit d'un grand nombre de travaux sur le développement de ce poisson. C'est pourquoi les trois premiers chapitres de ce manuscrit sont dédiés à la caractérisation du métabolisme témoin du Danio. J'ai utilisé la théorie des bilans d'énergie dynamique (DEB) pour procéder à cette caractérisation; à l'heure actuelle c'est la seule théorie qui quantifie l'ingestion, l'assimilation, la croissance, la reproduction, la maturation, la maintenance et le vieillissement pendant le cycle de vie entier d'un organisme. L'effet de l'uranium sur l'organisme implique un effet sur au moins une des processus cités ci-avant. Étant donné que la longévité du poisson zèbre est d'environ quatre ans et demi, et que l'intensité des effets liés à un stress chimique est inversement proportionnel à la taille, nous avons centré nos efforts sur les stades de vie précoces (embryon, juvénile et reproduction adulte). De surcroît, les stades de vies précoces semblent plus sensibles aux effets de l'uranium surtout au niveau des effets sur la croissance. D'importants progrès ont été réalisés dans le domaine de la quantification du développent, de la croissance et de la reproduction du poisson zèbre. Il s'est avéré que le poisson zèbre accélère son développent après la naissance (c'est-à-dire l'instant où l'individu commence à se nourrir), jusqu'à la métamorphose, où l'accélération cesse. Ce processus a été constaté chez d'autre espèces de poissons, mais pas toutes. Une autre conclusion surprenante était que la maintenance somatique est beaucoup plus élevée que la valeur typique d'un poisson. Nous n'arrivons pas encore à expliquer pourquoi. De plus nous avons découvert que les détails sur la physiologie reproductive sont importants pour caractériser les effets de l'uranium: chez l'adulte les ressources allouées à la reproduction sont stockées dans un compartiment où siègent les processus de préparation de "batch " d'œufs (=buffer de reproduction). Il est donc important de comprendre ce processus pour comprendre comment le poisson zèbre élimine l'uranium via les œufs.
La théorie DEB spécifie que l'individu atteint un stade de développement à un niveau de maturité donné. Selon la température et/ou la nourriture, ce niveau de maturité peut être atteint à des tailles ou des âges différents. Nous avons élargi le concept pour inclure tous les stades de développement (définis sur la base de critères morphologiques) publiés dans les atlas de développement. Ce travail nous a permis d'expliquer par la théorie DEB à présent la variabilité en termes de taille et d'âge.
Dans le but de tester si la théorie DEB peut expliquer des perturbations au niveau de la maturation, nous avons étudié le développement de deux espèces de grenouilles taxonomiquement proches et de taille similaires. Une des espèces possède un développement typique comprenant un stade embryonnaire, un stade têtard qui se nourrit et puis un stade juvénile avec la morphologie typique d'une grenouille. Par contre la deuxième espèce témoigne d'une accélération du développement après l'éclosion mais avant la naissance- qui correspond au stade de développement où l'individu commence à se nourrir. Cette accélération est trahie par une augmentation de la respiration et un retard de la croissance avec au final une diminution de la taille à chaque stade de développement par rapport à la première espèce. Cette accélération s'estompe après la métamorphose (le moment où les jeunes grenouilles quittent l'eau). Toutes les différences entre les deux types de développement ont été expliquées par la théorie DEB en considérant qu'un seul paramètre changeait temporairement de valeur: la fraction de la réserve mobilisée vers la croissance et la maintenance somatique. La conclusion est que les perturbations observées au niveau de la maturation et de la variabilité de l'âge et la taille entre les différents stades de développement soutiennent empiriquement la façon que la théorie DEB incorpore la maturation.
Non seulement notre étude requérait une quantification détaillée de la maturation, mais elle requérait aussi la prise en compte de périodes (prolongées) de jeune, et ce plus particulièrement pour les stades précoces. Selon la théorie DEB la maintenance est alimentée avec l'énergie mobilisée de la réserve. Dès lors que la nourriture devient rare ou disparait cette dernière ne suffit plus pour alimenter la maintenance somatique. Nous avons détaillé ce cas de figure en modélisant le lien entre les processus de rajeunissement et d'amaigrissement extrême et la probabilité de survie. Les prédictions du modèle sont en accord avec les trajectoires de survie de larves obtenues en conditions de laboratoire. Certaines poissons libèrent plus d'un million d'œufs par événement de ponte et pourtant, si la dynamique de la population est stable, à chaque génération chaque poisson n'est remplacé que par un seul individu. Le processus de survie des larves représente une grande énigme irrésolue dans le domaine de la dynamique de populations de poisson.
Par le biais de ces travaux de doctorat, nous disposons à présent d'un outil permettant de comprendre, et de prédire, la manière dont la performance physiologique du poisson zèbre dépend de son niveau de nutrition. Le modèle a été utilisé pour détecter les modifications induites par l'uranium sur la performance physiologique d'un individu exposé par rapport à celle du témoin. A cette fin, nous avons développé un modèle dynamique qui spécifie la manière dont l'uranium s'accumule et s'élimine chez un individu qui se nourrit, grandit et se reproduit. Nous avions imaginé que l'uranium pourrait affecter le système immunitaire ainsi que d'autres mécanismes de défense cellulaire (e.g. système antioxydant). Selon la théorie DEB, l'allocation des ressources à la maturation comprend une fraction fixe de la réserve mobilisée auquel est soustrait le coût de maintenance de la maturité. Notre idée est que les coûts du système immunitaire et de défense cellulaire contribuent à la maintenance de la maturité. Si l'uranium augmentait les coûts de ce dernier alors la maturation ralentira, ainsi j'ai porté une attention soutenu aux taux de maturation.
Nous avons montré que l'uranium altère l'histologie de la paroi intestinale (acteur majeure dans l'assimilation des nutriments) et pourrait potentiellement modifier l'homéostasie des interactions hôte-bactérienne (acteur majeur dans l'assimilation et l'immunité inné). De plus nos travaux suggèrent que l'uranium augmenterait les coûts de synthèse de la structure et diminuerait l'assimilation et/ou augmenterait le coût de la maintenance somatique. Chose étonnante, malgré ce que nous pensions, nous n'avons pas pu détecter d'effets notables sur la maturation à ces faibles concentrations. Puisque la maturation interagit avec la croissance, la reproduction et la maintenance, je considère néanmoins que les travaux que j'ai pu mener sur la maturation sont pertinents. La toxicité de l'uranium est telle que les effets sur le coût de la synthèse de la structure et de la maintenance somatique sont estimés proches de 0 nM d'uranium dans l'eau.
Un résultat très important se dégageant de ces travaux est que la condition des poissons (structure, maturité, réserve, buffer de reproduction, stade de préparation des "batch") au début de l'expérience dépend de l'individu et conditionne la réponse de celui-ci au stress pendant (toute) l'expérience. Ce problème s'aggrave lorsque nous travaillons avec des poissons zèbres adultes car la contribution de la masse du buffer de reproduction par rapport à la masse totale diffère de manière important entre chaque individu. Ceci affecte alors non seulement les trajectoires de masse dans le temps, mais aussi la concentration interne, car la reproduction représente une voie importante d'élimination de l'uranium. La quantité totale de réserve (à savoir : réserve + buffer de reproduction) conditionne la sévérité de l'effet toxique contribuant ainsi à la variabilité dans les données. En prenant en compte les différences entre les conditions initiales de chaque individu, j'ai pu expliquer les résultats contradictoires publiés dans la littérature ainsi qu'expliquer mes propres résultats sur les effets de l'uranium. La leçon à retenir est que des données acquises sur des individus ne devraient pas être moyennées sur des groupes d'individus.
18
Carlsson, C. Tim. "Unraveling the Georgian knot the United States, Russia, and Georgia and the new "Great Game" in the Caucasus." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FCarlsson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Borer, Douglas ; Tsypkin, Mikhail. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: NATO enlargement, Georgia, Russia, New Great Game, ethnic separatism, deterrence, realism, idealism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-75). Also available in print.
19
Bragg, Thomas Ennis. "The Georgia technical college administrators' perceptions of the future vocational and academic roles of Georgia's technical colleges." Click here to access thesis, 2005. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2005/ebragg/bragg%5Fthomas%5Fe%5F200508%5Fedd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2005."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-113) and appendices.
20
Pirini, Priscila Lima. "Construções marginais em georgiano: uma análise sob a perspectiva da linguística cognitiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-09052016-101942/.
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Diferentes agrupamentos de verbos, parte do que chamamos aqui de construções marginais, representam em georgiano um pequeno número de verbos que apresenta peculiaridades estruturais que se desviam, de um modo ou de outro, do padrão dominante representado por classes maiores de verbos. São nessas classes maiores que esses agrupamentos menores tradicionalmente acabam por ser inseridos, estando no limiar, diacrônica e sincronicamente, entre construções morfossintáticas maiores. Argumenta-se que, assim como em relação às classes verbais maiores e mais produtivas, esses grupos menores de verbos também revelam tendências bastante específicas presentes na língua, destacando-se por apresentar diferentes processos de significação. Em vista disso, com base no movimento teórico conhecido pelo amplo termo Linguística Cognitiva, procurou-se compreender e explicar fornecendo as necessárias relações entre construções que apontam para essas tendências menos e mais produtivas e prototípicas de que forma mudanças formais vistas nesses grupos de verbos em particular como mudanças argumentais, aumento ou apagamento de argumentos, mudança na marcação de caso de argumentos etc. codificam e espelham maneiras e processos distintos de significação, e qual seria, consequentemente, a natureza dessas diferentes significações.Different groups of verbs, that we call here marginal constructions, represent in Georgian a limited number of verbs that have structural peculiarities that deviate in one way or another, from the dominant pattern represented by major verb classes in which they are traditionally classified, since they are at the threshold between major morphosyntactic constructions, diachronically and synchronically. It is argued that, compared to the largest and most productive verb classes, these smaller groups of verbs also reveal quite specific tendencies within the language, particularly by showing different meaning processes. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework known by the broad term Cognitive Linguistics, we sought to understand and explain by providing the necessary relations between those constructions that point to less and more productive and prototypical tendencies - how formal changes seen in these verb groups in particular, e.g. changes in argument structure, increase or deletion of arguments, shifting in case marking of arguments etc., reflect and code distinct ways and processes of conceptualization, being able, therefore, to caracterize the nature of these different meanings.
21
Worman, Sarah E. Ms. ""Mirror With a Memory": Photography as Metaphor and Material Object in Victorian Culture." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu149151628521588.
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Aphrasidze, David. "Die Polizei in Georgien : Wandel eines Akteurs." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4739/.
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During the violent phases of transformation in post-Soviet Georgia the power of the police passed on to paramilitary groups. Under the rule of president Shevardnadze, however, the police regained a central political role, but it remained embedded in Soviet and pre-Soviet political structures. This becomes visible by looking at the political economy of the police. Informal taxes, purchase of office, and clientelism became established practices within the police. At present, the new government tries to carry out structural reforms in the police sector, which might lead to a break with the current hybrid Georgian state model.
23
Vamling, Karina. "Complementation in Georgian /." Lund : Sweden : Lund university press, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35453803r.
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Nanava, Nino. "Conceptualising the Georgian nation : the modern intellectual discourse of Georgian identity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423323.
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Svensson, Martin. "Rysk-georgiska kriget : Rysk maskirovka eller georgisk rundgång?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-104.
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This essay aims to analyse if the Russian military operation carried out against Georgia between the 7th and 12th of august 2008 were executed with adherence to the Russian principles for military deception, maskirovka. A superior purpose is to assess the situation according to the Swedish Armed Forces task of identifying possible needs for new or changed needs for abilities and competence. The method used is two-alternative hypotheses which are tried by comparing actual events before and during the Russian-Georgian war with the ten methods of maskirovka, compiled from military analytical literature. Such traces of resemblance are further examined, both individually and as a part of a larger indication. Further the essay describes the Russian art of war, the prerequisites for military surprise, information warfare in Russian doctrine, the disputed territories of South Ossetia and Abkhazia and the principles for maskirovka. The conclusion is that the Russian operation was executed with some adherence to maskirovka, though unspecified of to what degree. Author of this essay is Cadet Martin Svensson of the Swedish Army, currently a student at the Armed Forces Technical School in Halmstad.
26
Nikolaeva, Elena. "Landslide kinematics and interactions studied in central Georgia by using synthetic aperture radar interferometry, optical imagery and inverse modeling." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7040/.
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Landslides are one of the biggest natural hazards in Georgia, a mountainous country in the Caucasus. So far, no systematic monitoring and analysis of the dynamics of landslides in Georgia has been made. Especially as landslides are triggered by extrinsic processes, the analysis of landslides together with precipitation and earthquakes is challenging.
In this thesis I describe the advantages and limits of remote sensing to detect and better understand the nature of landslide in Georgia. The thesis is written in a cumulative form, composing a general introduction, three manuscripts and a summary and outlook chapter.
In the present work, I measure the surface displacement due to active landslides with different interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods. The slow landslides (several cm per year) are well detectable with two-pass interferometry. In same time, the extremely slow landslides (several mm per year) could be detected only with time series InSAR techniques. I exemplify the success of InSAR techniques by showing hitherto unknown landslides, located in the central part of Georgia. Both, the landslide extent and displacement rate is quantified.
Further, to determine a possible depth and position of potential sliding planes, inverse models were developed. Inverse modeling searches for parameters of source which can create observed displacement distribution. I also empirically estimate the volume of the investigated landslide using displacement distributions as derived from InSAR combined with morphology from an aerial photography. I adapted a volume formula for our case, and also combined available seismicity and precipitation data to analyze potential triggering factors. A governing question was: What causes landslide acceleration as observed in the InSAR data?
The investigated area (central Georgia) is seismically highly active. As an additional product of the InSAR data analysis, a deformation area associated with the 7th September Mw=6.0 earthquake was found. Evidences of surface ruptures directly associated with the earthquake could not be found in the field, however, during and after the earthquake new landslides were observed. The thesis highlights that deformation from InSAR may help to map area prone landslides triggering by earthquake, potentially providing a technique that is of relevance for country wide landslide monitoring, especially as new satellite sensors will emerge in the coming years.Erdrutsche zählen zu den größten Naturgefahren in Georgien, ein gebirgiges Land im Kaukasus. Eine systematische Überwachung und Analyse der Dynamik von Erdrutschen in Georgien ist bisher nicht vorhanden. Da Erdrutsche durch extrinsische Prozesse ausgelöst werden, wird ihre Analyse zusammen mit Niederschlag und Erdbeben zu einer besonderen Herausforderung. In dieser Dissertation beschreibe ich die Potenziale und Limitierungen der Fernerkundung für die Detektion und das Verständnis von Erdrutschen in Georgien. Die Arbeit ist in einer kumulativen Form geschrieben, und besteht aus einer allgemeinen Einführung, drei Manuskripten sowie einer Zusammenfassung und einem Ausblick. In der vorliegenden Arbeit, Gestimme ich die Oberflächenverschiebung von aktiven Erdrutschen mit Methoden der Radarinterferometrie (InSAR). Die langsamen Erdrutsche (cm pro Jahr) konnten im einfachen Vergleich zeitlich unterschiedlicher Radaraufnahmen (two-pass InSAR), gut nachgewiesen werden. Die extrem langsamen Erdrutsche (mm pro Jahr) konnten hingegen nur mit InSAR Zeitreihentechniken nachgewiesen werden. Der Erfolg der angewandten InSAR Techniken wird durch die erfolgreiche Identifikation von bisher unbekannten Erdrutschen in Zentral Georgien veranschaulicht. Sowohl das Ausmaß als auch die Verschiebungsrate der Erdrutsche wurden quantifiziert. Ferner, um die mögliche Tiefe und Lage von potentiellen Gleitflächen zu bestimmen, wurden inverse Modelle entwickelt. Inverse Modellierung sucht nach Parametern der Quelle, welche die beobachtete Verschiebungsverteilung reproduzieren können. Ferner habe ich anhand der ermittelten Verschiebungsverteilung aus InSAR in Verbindung mit der Morphologie aus Luftaufnahmen das Volumen der untersuchten Erdrutsche empirisch abgeleitet. Ich habe eine Volumenformel für unseren Fall angepasst, und die verfügbaren Datensätze bezüglich Seismizität und Niederschlag kombiniert, um potenzielle auslösende Faktoren zu analysieren. Eine leitende Frage hierbei war: Was sind die Ursachen für die Beschleunigung von Erdrutschen, wie sie in den InSAR Daten beobachtet werden konnte? Das Untersuchungsgebiet in Zentral Georgien ist seismisch sehr aktiv. Als zusätzlichen Produkt der InSAR Datenanalyse wurde ein Deformationsgebiet gefunden, welches im Zusammenhang mit dem Mw=6.0 Erdbeben vom 7. September 2009 zusammenhängt. Beweise für Oberflächenbrüche, die direkt mit dem Erdbeben zusammenhängen, konnten in dem Gebiet nicht gefunden werden, jedoch konnten während und nach dem Erdbeben neue Erdrutsche beobachtet werden. Die Dissertation unterstreicht, dass Verformungsinformationen aus InSAR Analysen helfen können ein Gebiet, welches von Erdbebeninduzierten Erdrutschen gefährdet ist, zu kartieren. Potenziell stellt InSAR eine Technik dar, die von Bedeutung für die landesweite Überwachung von Erdrutschen sein kann, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die neuen Satellitensensoren, die in den kommenden Jahren verfügbar sein werden.
27
Phemister, Art W. "The effects of Georgia's Choice curricular reform model on third grade science scores on the Georgia Criterion Referenced Competency Test." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Koehler, Jan, and Christoph Zürcher. "Der Staat und sein Schatten : zur Institutionalisierung hybrider Staatlichkeit im Süd-Kaukasus." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4742/.
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This article looks at contemporary Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan and addresses the question of how these states, which suffer from considerable institutional weaknesses, nevertheless retain the ability to control key aspects of statehood, first of all security and a measure of central authority. It is argued that these states invest only in selected aspects of statehood. The needed resources are mobilized by a system of informal taxes, which are then invested in certain selected core functions of statehood. This form of state depends on both formal and informal institutions, which are mutually supportive.
29
Butskhrikidze, Marika. "The consonant phonotactics of Georgian /." Utrecht : LOT, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39036531b.
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Pratt, Emma Cerelia. "Georgia's 2010 Constitution." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306879598.
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Mitchell, Goro O. "A longitudinal assessment of the functional effects black constituency percentage and district population density have on Georgia legislator voting behavior on bills affecting black Georgians, 1996-1998." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2001. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3509.
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This thesis is a case study of the Georgia General Assembly. The impetus for the study is to provide black legislators with information to aid them to increase African American legislative representation. This is accomplished by reviewing legislators’ voting records for the period 1996 to 1998. Statistical and spatial analysis techniques were used to determine if district black population percentage (BPP) and population density affect the way different legislator cohort groups vote on issues that impact black quality of life in Georgia. These analyses provide the following three conclusions: 1) there is a linear functional relationship between BPP and white lawmaker support for legislation considered beneficial to black interests; 2) there is no discemable difference between rural and urban white legislators’ support for black interest; and 3) black legislators are supportive of black interests at all levels of BPP. Recommendations provided to increase black legislative representation include: 1) reapportion black populations from districts with over 50 percent BPP to others that have 10 to 40 percent BPP in order to increase the number of majority black districts; 2) increase the number of black influence districts; and 3) The Georgia Legislative Black Caucus (GLBC) should conduct strategic redistricting planning.
32
Georgianna, Sibylle [Verfasser]. "Intercultural Features of Self-leadership / Sibylle Georgianna." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186578076/34.
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Jastrzembski, André. "Einkommensteuerschätzung in Georgien." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1875/.
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Tax estimation is a fundamental prerequisite for a sustainable fiscal policy. This paper uses the Georgian Household Survey and s simple microsimulation model in order to describe the household incomes in Georgia for the year 2005, their structure and regional distribution within eleven historical regions. Based on a thorough analysis of the existing taxable incomes and following the documentation of the applied model both a tax allowance and three percent raise of the income tax are estimated with respect to tax revenue and distributional effects. The paper comes to the conclusion that the poor income situation of most Georgian households can be mitigated by a tax allowance but is very difficult to be financed because of expected revenue losses. In spite of some progressive distributional effects of an increase of the tax burden, most households will find a very hard to cope with additional tax liabilities.
34
Gabidsaschwili, B., and Simon Gelaschwili. "Armut in Georgien." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1877/.
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Poverty is currently wide spread in Georgia. This paper is dedicated to an analysis of the causes, the extent and the intensity of poverty in Georgia. With a strong focus on the period after Shevardnadze’s presidency, the paper shows how poverty has grown in the past 15 years. In spite of a rising per capita income, the variance within the distribution of income is also increasing. The widening gap between high and low incomes represents a danger for the Georgian society and is associated with high unemployment rates, a lack of education for entire societal strata and rising criminality. In addition, high inflation rates affect mainly low income groups. Apparently, the Rose Revolution of 2003 did not lead to an attenuation of poverty but rather intensified it.
35
Andermo, Ani. "Revealing Georgia's Tourism Potential." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24355.
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Although Georgia has experienced dramatic increases in the number of visitors over the past decade Swedish travellers are absent in the arrival statistics. Visitors from Eastern Europeans account for the majority of the increase in arrivals. This thesis attempts to understand what is missing in order for Swedish tourists to discover Georgia as a destination. This is done by interviewing Swedish tour operators and surveying Swedish visitors to Georgia. The results are analyzed in the framework of Leiper’s theory of destination competitiveness. A SWOT analysis is also used to structure the analysis, and the thesis suggests some benchmark measures that could be used to implement a systematic effort to improve the destination. The thesis concludes that Georgia indeed has a strong attractiveness on Swedish tourists, but that the main problems are connected with low awareness and lack of convenient transportation options. It is argued that these problems can be solved through improved marketing and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the thesis highlights the need for Georgian destination managers to make choices today in order to shape the image of the country in the future. Georgia has a challenge to strengthen the authenticity that many travellers associate with the country, but is in a position to modernize by preserving traditions. Finally, it is argued that the results from this study are generalizable to include preferences of travellers from Western Europe in general, and therefore the study points to some significant opportunities available to Georgia.
36
Kizilbuga, Esra. "Russian Involvement In The Abkhaz-georgian Conflict." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607208/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the motives, means and implications of the Russian involvement in the Abkhaz-Georgian conflict. It seeks to find answers to the following questions: what are the dynamics of the Russian policy towards Abkhaziahow the contradictions in Russian domestic policy are reflected in the Russian policy towards Abkhazia
what are the implications of the Russian involvement in the conflict and the peace process. This dissertation argues that the Russian involvement in the Abkhaz-Georgian conflict has not contributed to the settlement of the conflict and peace in the region but rather to the realization of Russia&rsquo
s own interests by deepening the crisis in the region. Thus, Russia has conducted neither a pro-Abkhaz nor pro-Georgian policy in this conflict. The second chapter of this thesis examines the historical background of the conflict. The emergence, evolution and nature of the conflict are analyzed in the second chapter. The third chapter focuses on the reasons of the Russian involvement during the war between the Abkhaz and the Georgian forces. The Russian policy towards the Abkhaz conflict before and after the Rose Revolution is analyzed in the fourth and fifth chapters.
37
Bora, Asli. "The South Ossetian- Georgian Conflict: 1990-2008." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611260/index.pdf.
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This thesis deals with the South Ossetian- Georgian conflict and its internationalization
especially since the Rose revolution in Georgia in 2003. The main objective of the thesis
is to examine the changes in the rivalry between Russia and the United States over the
Caucasus and their effects on the relations between Georgia and the South Ossetia. The
thesis argues that the development of the conflict between Georgia and the South Ossetia
has been shaped by the changes in the level of involvement by Russia and the United
States rather than the bilateral relations between Tbilisi and Tskhinvali. Thus,
international and systematic factors are more determining than local dynamics of this
conflict.
The thesis has six chapters, including the introduction and conclusion chapters. After the
introduction, the second chapter examines the ethnic origins of the Ossetians and the
Georgians as well as historical background of their relations. The third chapter analyzes
the sources of the conflict and the 1991-1992 war between Georgia and the South
Ossetia. The fourth chapter discusses the 2003 Rose revolution in Georgia and its affects
on Georgia&rsquos relations with the Western powers, namely the United States and the European Union. The fifth chapter examines the worsening relations between Russia and Georgia after the Rose revolution as well as the Russian-Georgian War in 2008 with its international consequences.
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Durrant, Cheryl Denise. "War, nationalism and the Georgian political print." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5438.
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"War, nationalism and the Georgian political print" is a study of some three thousand prints and cartoons and their illustration of the development of English nationalism under the impact of war.
Under different subject headings the prints have been tackled chronologically, as change over time was generally greater than yearly stylistic or thematic variations. The depiction of change is the most important aspect of the prints. While individual prints, or even groups of prints, nay be unreliable sources of information, isolated as they are in time and meaning, the dramatic change occurring in some print subjects has an important contribution to make towards a study of English nationalism from 1793-1814.
The Thesis is divided into six parts. In the introduction the use of the prints as a source is evaluated and the impact of visual culture examined. The relationship between the prints and society is studied and the concept of nationalism defined. Chapter two looks at the print's portrayal of xenophobia, one of the taproots of English nationalism. The concepts of divisions within English national feeling and change under the impact of war are introduced. In chapter three this nationalism is examined in the light of "King and Country" sentiment and the search for a national symbol. The development of symbols for nationalism is further traced in chapters four and five which look at the visual impact of Britannia, the constitution and John Bull. In the final chapter the relationship between militarism and nationalism is evaluated.
In concluding English nationalism is considered in the light of war experience. Visually there is a dramatic difference between the period from 1793-1802, 1803 and 1804-14. While this pictorial record might overemphasise the impact of the struggle for national survival in 1803 there can be no doubt that a change in English attitudes towards nationalism did occur during the war. This change can be generalised as a development in emphasis from liberal, inward looking nationalism to an external nationalism whose vehicle of expansion was commercial might. However it must be stressed that this development was neither cpmp1ete nor final at the end of 1814.
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Smith, Hannah Elizabeth. "Georgian monarchical culture in England, 1714-60." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620246.
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Ungar, Ruti. "The boxing discourse in late Georgian England." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16616.
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Die Arbeit untersucht den Diskurs um das Boxen in der englischen Gesellschaft zwischen circa 1780 und 1820. Sie zeigt, dass er ein wichtiger Schauplatz für die Austragung sozialer, politischer und kultureller Konflikte war. Im Diskurs um das Boxen spiegeln sich in besonderem Maße die Konflikte zwischen civic humanism und politeness wieder, des Konfliktes zwischen zwei einander entgegengesetzten Männlichkeitsidealen: das Ideal vom starken Mann, das von den Boxern verkörpert wird und dem gegenüber das Ideal des verweichlichten und einfühlsamen ‚polite man‘. Boxen nimmt auch eine zentrale Funktion in den Debatten über die Rolle der Arbeiterklasse im ‚body politic‘ ein: von Konservativen wurde es eingesetzt als gegenrevolutionäre Maßnahme, um die Masse zu mobilisieren ohne Ihnen eine politische Teilhabe zu geben. Radikale sahen es als ein Instrument, um die Arbeiter zu ermächtigen, sie über Ihre Rechte zu informieren und deren Ansprüche auf Emanzipation zu legitimieren. Boxen war zudem ein Schlachtfeld, um verschiedene Verständnisse von Rasse und nationaler Identität auszutragen: einem Verständnis, dass das nationale Ganze als ethnisch homogen konstruierte und einem inklusiveren Verständnis der englischen Nation, das Minoritäten nicht ausschließen musste.The study examines the discourse on boxing in English society circa 1780 to 1820. It shows that it was a site of struggle between diverse notions of gender, class, race, and nation. Boxing was a central arena for the opposition between civic humanism and politeness. It was an arena for the struggle between two diametrically opposed manly ideals, the strong and corporeal ideal epitomized by the boxers versus the feminine and sensitive polite ideal. Boxing took on an important role in the debates on the place of the working class in the body politic; conservatives perceived boxing as a counter-revolutionary measure and way to mobilise the masses in defence of their country without granting them political rights. Radicals viewed it as a tool to empowering the workers, educating them on their rights and legitimizing their claims for emancipation. Boxing was also a site of struggle between conflicting notions of race and differing ideas of national identity, specifically between one which saw the nation as ethnically homogenous and another, more cultural understanding of national identity, which was more inclusive to minorities.
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Fällman, Magnus. "Maktdemonstration Kaukasus." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-806.
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Augusti 2008, Ryssland går in i Georgien med en överväldigande militär styrka i syfte att som mansäger, avbryta folkrättsliga kränkningar i utbrytarrepublikerna Syd Ossetien och Abkhazien. Men var det verkligen det som var huvudsyftet med operationen? Eller var Georgienkriget Rysslands tillfälle att för omvärlden visa att Ryssland återigen är en stormakt? Nästan två år senare släpps en ny militärdoktrin, Den Ryska Federationens Militärdoktrin 2010, finns det ett samband mellan det överraskande Georgienkriget och den nya ryska doktrinen? Det främsta syftet med den här uppsatsen är att genom att utgå ifrån två av de taktiska grundprinciperna, kraftsamling och vilseledning, undersöka om det faktiskt finns ett samband mellan kriget och doktrinen. Finns det händelser under kriget och formuleringar i doktrinen vilka överensstämmer med definitionen av Kraftsamling och Vilseledning som tyder på ett samband däremellan? Det är det jag avser att svara på med denna uppsats. Avsikten med uppsatsen är även att för läsaren beskriva Georgienkriget och händelseförloppet däri, samt att kortfattat beskriva den Ryska federationens militärdoktrin 2010 utifrån den svenska försvarsavdelningen i Moskvas översättning. Syftet med uppsatsen är även att belysa exempel på kraftsamling och vilseledning, både ur doktrinen och ur kriget.
August 2008, Russia goes into Georgia with an overwhelming military force to which it is said, stop violations of international law in the breakaway provinces of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. But was that really the main aim of the operation? Or was the war in Georgia Russia's opportunity to demonstrate to the world that Russia is once again a major player on the international scene? Almost two years later a new military doctrine was released, the Russian Federation Military Doctrine 2010, is there a link between the surprising war in Georgia and the new Russian doctrine? The main purpose with this essay to investigate, through the view of two of the principles of war, Concentration and Deception if there is a link, or connection, between the war and the doctrine. Are there actions during the war and paragraphs in the doctrine suggesting such a connection? That is what the author aims to answer with essay. The purpose with this essay is also to the reader describe the war and shortly describe the Russian Federation Military Doctrine 2010. The purpose with this essay is also to present examples of Concentration and Deception from the doctrine and the war.
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Adams, Jennifer Persinger. "Christina Rossetti, Sarah Grand, and the expression of sexual liminality in Nineteenth Century literature." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=650.
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Nicholas, Jonathan Daniel. "Lord Bute's ministry, 1762-1763." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283515.
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Seymour, Susanne. "Eighteenth-century parkland 'improvement' on the Dukeries' Estates of North Nottinghamshire." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327798.
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Mahalia, Nooshin Ahangar. "Micropolitans in Georgia." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06302006-112103/.
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Faber, Cathleen. "The measurement and development of georgian consumer prices." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1213/.
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This paper presents in the first section a methodological introduction concerning statistics of consumer prices in Georgia. The second section gives a general idea of the development of consumer prices from January 1994 till September 1999. A detailed regional analysis is added in section 3. The fourth section analyses the development of consumer prices for the eight main groups included in the total CPI. Section 5 compares the changes in Georgian CPI with the movements of foreign exchange rates in Georgian Lari. This paper ends with a summary including a short outlook to the next years.
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Tsurtsumia, Rusudan. "The Value Orientation of 20th-Century Georgian Music." Bärenreiter Verlag, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72008.
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Huovinen, Nina. "Georgia's Europeanization and Russia's response." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23294.
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This thesis makes a contribution to the vast field of International Relations research conducted on Russia and its neighbors. Following constructivist scholarship focusing particularly on national interests, state identities, and the concept of ‘us and them’, the research shines light on how Russia has positioned itself in regards to the Europeanization process of neighboring Georgia. The thesis is additionally founded on understandings of European integration theories as well as information on the empirical case of complicated relationships Russia has with Georgia but also with the European Union. The steps of Georgia’s Europeanization process (2006-2014) are used as a pin point to define a time limit for the study and to analyze how shifts in a state’s surroundings can affect its identity presentation and national interests. The study is conducted as a qualitative content analysis utilizing public statements issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Russian Federation.
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Nilsonne, Carl. "Ryssland i Svenska media under Georgienkrisen." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1731.
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I detta arbete har jag försökt utröna vilken bild av Ryssland som kommer till uttryck i de fyra största svenska dagstidningarnas (Aftonbladet, Expressen, Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter) rapportering av konflikten i Georgien sommaren 2008. Med utgångspunkt i Sture Nilssons Rysskräcken i Sverige – Fördomar och verklighet har jag konstruerat en idealtyp, bestående av begreppen fientlighet, rädsla och misstro . Med detta som analysverktyg har jag studerat den rapportering som skedde mellan 2008-08-08 – 2008-08-12, dvs. under den väpnade delen av konflikten. I denna rapportering har idealtypens begrepp med stor tydlighet varit representerade i både ledare och allmän rapportering, dock inte med alla aspekter som ingick i definitionen för fientlighet. Begreppet rädsla har endast yttrats otvetydigt under den sista dagens rapportering. Rapporteringen har varit liknande i alla fyra tidningar till innehållet, dock med något starkare tendenser i lösnummerpressen (Aftonbladet och Expressen) och med större volym i Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet.In this essay I have attempted to determine what image of Russia was expressed in the largest newspapers in Sweden (Aftonbladet, Expressen, Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter), during the conflict in Georgia in the summer of 2008. Starting with the image presented by Sture Nilsson in Rysskräcken i Sverige – Fördomar och verklighet, I have constructed an ideal consisting of the terms hostility, fear, and mistrust. These factors have then been used to analyse the reports between 2008-08-08 – 2008-08-12, which was the armed part of the conflict. I have found that the factors composing the ideal have been expressed clearly, in editorials as well as in news articles, with the exception of some of the factors that define hostility. The term fear has only been expressed unequivocally in the last day’s reports. Reports have shown little variation between the different newspapers, although the tabloid press (Aftonbladet and Expressen) have expressed these tendencies slightly stronger, and the volume of reports have been noticeably larger in Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter.
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Reuterström, Amanda. "Femdagarskriget 2008- Georgiens rättfärdiga krig? : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys som analyserar huruvida Georgien gick in i krig i Sydossetien med rättfärdiga skäl i enlighet med teorin om Jus ad Bellum." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78311.
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The aim this thesis is to analyse whether or not Georgia can be considered to have had legitimate reasons for involvement in the five-day war in South Ossetia in August of 2008. This topic is relevant today for two predominant reasons one being that August of 2018 marks the 10th anniversary of the outbreak of the war between Georgian, Russian and South Ossetian forces. Who’s to blame for the outbreak of the war has, in the last decade, been widely discussed and analysed from different standpoints. This thesis’ main intention is to evaluate the Georgian point of view and find out Georgia’s responsibility for the conflict. This analysis is based on the theoretical framework called “Just War Theory”, an ancient tradition which, through centuries, have set up guidelines over how a war should be initiated, conducted and handled after ceasefire and thereafter. In this theoretical framework there is 6 criteria which establish moral, ethical and legitimate reasons for a state to wage war called “Jus ad bellum”. These 6 criteria are used as the factual theoretical base for the analysis.The condition of the chosen theoretical framework requires that all the criteria needs to be fulfilled in order for a state to be considered to have lawful reasons to wage war against another. Based on this framework, it is concluded in this thesis that Georgia did not have rightful reasons to engage in the five-day war in August 2008.