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Josaph, G. "Democratic socialism in George Orwells Novels." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1187.
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Rocha, Luana. "Fear and manipulation in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four and Alan Moores V for Vendetta." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9278.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a questão da política do medo e das várias formas de manipulação da realidade encontradas nas narrativa de 1984 (1949), de George Orwell, assim como na narrativa gráfica de V de Vingança tanto na sua versão em quadrinhos, de Alan Moore (1982-88), quanto na sua adaptação cinematográfica, escrita pelos Wachowskis (2005). Em particular, tenta demonstrar similaridades nas técnicas usadas, assim como na análise dos personagens, procurando embasar certos questionamentos com a ajuda de filósofos políticos, estudos de psicologia, culturais, e distópicos. Ao final, este trabalho tenta identificar a importância da influência dos autores estudados, assim como outros autores distópicos, na criação e desenvolvimento de uma nova geração social de mentalidade inconformistaThis dissertation aims to analize the question of the politics of fear and the many forms of manipulation of reality found in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), as well as in Alan Moores graphic novel V for Vendetta (1982-88) and its film adaptation written by the Wachowskis (2005). In particular, it tries to show similarities among the used techniques, as well as in the character analysis, trying to support these findings with the help of political philosophers, as well as psychological, cultural and dystopian studies. In the end, this work tries to identify the importance of these authors, as well as other dystopian authors, and their influence on the creation and development of a new generation of nonconformists
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Dunphy, Patricia. "Den nya generationen: Dystopisk reproduktion : En tematisk genusanalys av Karin Boyes Kallocain, Aldous Huxleys Du sköna nya värld och George Orwells 1984." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för genus, kultur och historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5700.
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The three dystopian novels Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Kallocain by Karin Boye and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell have been highly discussed amongst literary critics and scholars. Although these works are well-known, some themes have had very little or no recognition. Biological reproduction is a recurring subject in dystopian literature. Although it is not the main theme in the novels, it is a very important part in dystopian culture and dystopian society. By focusing on reproduction and the structure of gender roles in these three dystopias, I hope to bring to light something that's been in the shadows for a long time i.e. the women of dystopian society. I will address the role of nature and technology in terms of reproduction by using Pia Maria Ahlbäck's theory of the heterotopia. Later, I will discuss the problems and possibilities of the role of women in biological reproduction.
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Ammari, Jamila. "George Orwell : l'évolution romanesque." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100208.
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Notre objectif dans cette thèse est d'analyser l'évolution romanesque de George Orwell, Nous avons choisi pour corpus d'étude, d'une part les romans réalistes et d'autre part, les romans de satire politique. La thèse comprend trois parties. La première permettra de dégager la période idéologique et socio-historique dans laquelle Orwell a évolué, sa formation intellectuelle, le climat politicolittéraire de son époque, en brossant un tableau plus détaillé de la vie de l'auteur et de son oeuvre. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude «textuelle» des romans réalistes d'Orwell. Nous avons ensuite procédé à une lecture thématique, le regard critique que l'auteur porte sur le monde qui l'entoure, en développant des thèmes tels que, la marginalisation et, l'aliénation, la rébellion contre l'ordre établi, la quête d'une appartenance. Son combat contre le totalitarisme. La troisième partie est une analyse politique et littéraire d'Animal Farm et Nineteen Eighty-FourOur objectif in this thesis is to analyse the «romantic» development of George Orwell. For the base of the study we have chosen both realist novels and «political satire». The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part will discuss the ideological and socio-historical period in which Orwell lived, his intellectual development, the political-litterary climate of the time giving more details to the life of the author and his works. The second part will concentrate on the actual text of the realist novels of Orwell. We then proceeded with a more thematic reading, the critical way with which the author views the world around him, developping themes such as marginalisation and alienation, rebellion against established order, the search to belong, his fight against totalitarianism. The third part is a political and literary analysis of Animal Farm et Nineteen Eighty-Four
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Umay, Yurduseven Mensure. "Ideological Issues In George Orwell." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610197/index.pdf.
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This thesis analysis George Orwell&rsquos three novels
Burmese Days, Keep the Aspidistra Flying and Nineteen Eighty-Four in terms of the main political ideas expressed through these works. It begins with an overview of Orwell as a political writer and the political atmosphere of the era. The thesis then asserts that the novels are used as a form of propaganda by the writer. The central political ideas that appear in the novels are imperialism in Burmese Days, capitalism in Keep the Aspidistra Flying and totalitarianism in Nineteen Eighty-Four. This dissertation is therefore primarily organized around these topics, and Orwell&rsquo
s use of his novels as a way of conveying his political message will be illustrated and exemplified in the study.
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Tsang, Ka-fai Walter. "A study of three Chinese translations of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31462893.
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Urry, David L. "From Wigan Pier to Airstrip One: a critical evaluation of George Orwell's writing and politics post-September 11." Thesis, Urry, David L. (2005) From Wigan Pier to Airstrip One: a critical evaluation of George Orwell's writing and politics post-September 11. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/463/.
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This thesis summons a contemporary reading of George Orwell, evaluating his current role and function as novelist, essayist, and twentieth century cultural icon. The year 2003 marked the centenary of Eric Blair's birth and proved a productive year for Blair (and Orwell) enthusiasts. After nearly three years of research, my journey through Orwell's words and world(s) has undergone significant re-evaluation, taking me far beyond such an appropriate commemoration. In the tragic aftermath of 9/11 - through Afghanistan and Iraq, Bali, Madrid, and London - Orwell's grimly dystopian vision acquires renewed significance for a new generation. Few writers (living or dead) are as enduringly newsworthy and malleable as George Orwell. The scope and diversity of his work - the sheer volume of his letters, essays, and assorted journalism - elicits a response from academics, journalists, critics and readers. My research, tempered by a 'War' on terror and a televisual Big Brother, shapes these responses at a time when 24-hour surveillance is viewed as the path to instant celebrity.
Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four provides unique insights into a highly pervasive and secretive regime, which in light of post 9/11 political trajectories is highly admonitory. These pathways and connections are produced in my research. I do not make easy links between past and present - Eric and Tony Blair - at the level of metaphor or simile. Indeed, the pages that follow traverse the digital archives and probe the rationale for mobilising Orwell in this time and place. I am focussed on writing a history and establishing a context calibrated to the fictional Oceania.
This doctorate commenced as an investigation of George Orwell's journalism and fiction one hundred years after his birth. At the outset of the candidature, the Twin Towers fell and new implications and interpretations of Orwell arose. My research demonstrates that the Oceania of Orwell's imagining presents an evocative insight into the contemporary alliance forged by the Bush, Blair, and Howard triumvirate in its quest for world peace. Using Orwell as a guide, I move through theories of writing and politics, in the process uncovering capitalism's inherently hostile and negligent attitude towards those who are materially less fortunate. I began my work convinced of Orwell's relevance to cultural studies, particularly in understanding popular cultural writing and the need for social intervention. I concluded this process even more persuaded of my original intent, but shaped, sharpened and compensated by new events, insights, tragedies and Big Brothers.
It is imperative for the future directives of cultural studies that critical, political, pedagogic and intellectual links with Orwell are (re-)formed, (re-)established and maintained. My text works in the spaces between cultural studies and cultural journalism, pondering the role and significance of the critical - and dissenting - intellectual. Memory, History, and Identity all circulate in Orwell's prose. These concerns and questions have provided impetus and direction for this thesis. They have also shaped the research.
Few expect Orwell's totalitarian dystopia to materialise unchallenged from the pages of a book. The wielders of power are more capable and more subtle. Yet it is impossible to deny that the litany of lies and contempt central to Big Brother's Oceania is reproducible by any administration assisted by a complicit media and a malleable citizenry. The emergence of such a phenomenon has been well documented in the post 9/11 United States. This thesis has arisen out of the miasma of hubris, lies and contempt framing and surrounding Mr. Bush's war on terror. My purpose - not unlike Orwell's in Nineteen Eighty-Four - is to warn, not judge or berate. Orwell understood political rhetoric. He was not a prophet but a journalist who interpreted the nuances and temptations of excessive power. He had witnessed the extraordinary 'death' of history in Spain, and thereafter he raised his pen to combat intellectual hypocrisy and dishonesty wherever he found it. Under Orwell's tutelage, plain words pierce, probe and unsettle. They are sharp cutting instruments, fully capable of transcending time. How else are we to explain his enduring popularity as a writer? This thesis offers a critical and interpretative homage to George Orwell, a man who recognised the beauty of well chosen words, who loved and appreciated their enduring complexity and power.
A framing structure has been chosen that places Orwell in close relation to poverty, class and politics, war and journalism. Individual chapter headings (and their contents) exploit Orwell's unique response to the significant talking points of his era. After resolving to write professionally, Orwell starved and struggled in Paris, and frequented 'doss houses' in and around London. I track these wanderings in chapter one. He studied the effects of the Depression and unemployment in Yorkshire and Lancashire (chapter two), and fought and was wounded in Spain (chapter three). Thereafter he turned to political writing and journalism (chapter four). What he failed to anticipate was a post war Britain overwhelmed by despondency and dissolved by internal devolution (chapter five). His concluding apocalyptic discharge, the dystopian Nineteen Eighty-Four, was directed at the higher echelons of institutional power and corporate corruption in Britain, America, and Europe, which I explore in chapter six.
The world has changed significantly since Orwell (and J. B. Priestley) went in search of England's faltering 'pulse' in the 1930s. Englishness and traditional working class values have distorted and shifted in unexpected ways. These transformations are partly the result of war and the loss of empire. They are also a response to American cultural and economic hegemony, the privatisation of industry, offshore investments, the emergence of the European Economic Community, and the burgeoning global economy. George Orwell matters, even after this scale of change because he faced his own prejudices on the page and developed a writing style that enabled him to challenge the accepted orthodoxies and hypocrisies of his era. This is evident when returning to his essays and journalism, fifty-five years after his death. He possessed the ability to make readers feel uncomfortable, raising topics and concerns that we would rather not discuss. Denounced as a traitor by the pre-1956 unreconstructed left and feted as a hero by the self-congratulatory right, Orwell resists labelling and easy categorization. We owe him a considerable debt for exposing the likely directions of unchecked political ambition, and this insight should not be treated lightly. As I read him, Orwell was the last man in Europe, 'the canary in the mine.' He is a literary world heritage site of considerable iconic appeal and international significance. He is an outsider's 'outsider' perpetually facing inwards, and we need him now.
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Urry, David L. "From Wigan Pier to Airstrip One : a critical evaluation of George Orwell's writing and politics post-September 11 /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090122.114436.
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Nourmohammadi, Shima. "Nostalgia in George Orwell's Coming Up For Air." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74261.
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Modernity has changed the world and subsequently has caused emotional wounds and a sense of nostalgia for those pleasant times and places left in the past. In fact, nostalgia and modernity were two principle notions that people face in the early 20th century. This study calls on the notion of nostalgia defined by J. Wilson, which suggests that hard life situations and modernity enforcing unwanted changes in life, bring a feeling for the past like missing something left behind. Taking Wilson’s definition as a point of departure, this study analyses the protagonist's nostalgic feeling and nostalgia in the novel Coming Up For Air written by George Orwell. It also compares Coming Up For Air with two other Orwell’s writings which demonstrate that a grief for legacy of the past is recurrent in his writings. In addition, this study argues that nostalgia is not only a sentimental motion or mourning for the lost past but it also creates a pleasant space for the protagonist to recover from hardships caused by the modern life in the early 20th century. This study investigates the protagonist’s returning to his childhood town to make his dream of home real. The notion of Place Attachment by Ben Dowler is applied in this study, which demonstrates that the hometown means happiness and a safe place for the protagonist because he was in connection with a sense of happiness and joy in that place. In addition, Abraham Maslow’s theory about human basic needs, which demonstrates that the protagonist looks for a safe place because of his aroused basic need of being secure in the war times, is addressed. Furthermore, this study applies Sigmund Freud’s theory of Mental Structure. The theory is about the three layers of mind from instinct to mature and demonstrates that three different layers of the protagonist’s mind lead him to reply differently to his need of returning home. The main claim of this theory is that although the protagonist has no control over his aroused basic need for security, the mature one makes him more connected to the real world and helps him to cope with his nostalgia.
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Clarke, Benjamin James. "Orwell in context : communities, myths, values /." Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41089972s.
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Tessier, Sébastien. "George Orwell: Une critique du pouvoir." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27298.
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Cette recherche démontrera que pour George Orwell, dans son roman Nineteen Eighty-Four, le pouvoir devenu une finalité ne peut mener qu'à un régime nihiliste. Dans le premier chapitre, il sera exposé que le pouvoir n'est plus contrôlé par une classe sociale: le pouvoir s'émancipe du contrôle humain. Une fois libéré, tout doit être détruit afin que rien ne menace la hiérarchie du pouvoir. C'est pour cette raison que le pouvoir dépossède l'homme de son identité et de sa conscience en lui imposant une surveillance constante et en créant une langue orthodoxe par laquelle il est impossible de penser contre le Parti. De plus, le Parti devra maintenir sa position de domination en figeant l'histoire. Il fait ceci par l'utilisation d'un ennemi intérieur, par une guerre permanente et par la réécriture de l'histoire. Pour bien comprendre la portée de tout ceci, il sera exposé dans le troisième chapitre que la quête du pouvoir absolu a lieu, selon Orwell, en raison de l'effritement de la religion et de l'effritement du patriotisme.
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Clarke, Benjamin James. "Orwell in context : communities, myths, values." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273100.
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Marks, Peter Robert. "The essays of George Orwell, 1931-1941." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19985.
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This thesis takes as its focus the essays of George Orwell published between 1931 and 1941. I locate these essays within the arena of debate afforded by the Left-leaning periodicals in which most first appeared, emphasising the crucial (though hitherto neglected) importance of the periodical medium to the development and transmission of Orwell's arguments. Many of the essays considered here are salvaged from obscure or defunct journals, and have been lost to the public gaze for more than half a century. As a result of the inclusion of this material, the thesis consitutes the most complete and sustained analysis to date of Orwell's early essays. In Chapter One I note an inherent critical dimension in the essay form itself, one compatible with Orwell's polemical approach. An historical survey of the development of the periodical traces how the periodical essay comes to be established firmly in the field of public debate, culminating in a sketch of the periodical background in which Orwell's essays were published. In the five chapters which follow, I examine the essays under five rubrics: Imperialism; the Spanish Civil War; Totalitarianism; Socialism, and Literature. Each chapter charts the visions and revisions which characterise Orwell's thought in a turbulent decade, with particular reference to the periodicals in which he and others set out their views. Such contextualisation registers Orwell's conscious use of the periodical medium, both to promote his own controversial opinions, and to assail the arguments of his opponents. The approach of the thesis necessarily facilitates a wider perspective than that of Orwell's essays, and I argue for the significance of the periodical as a means of debate in the literature and volatile section of the Left in which Orwell chose to operate.
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Boremyr, Hanna. "Reading Orwell’s Animals : An animal-oriented study of George Orwell’s political satire Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25410.
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Boremyr, Hanna. "Reading Orwell’s Animals : An animal-oriented study of George Orwell’s political satire Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24435.
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Saunders, Loraine. "Re-evaluating George Orwell's 1930s fiction : an examination of Orwell's novelistic style and development." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428200.
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Takashima, Miho. "George Orwell and Albert Camus : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361017.
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Silva, Elisabete Mendes. "Nacão e patriotismo na ensaística de George Orwell." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/5237.
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George Orwell tornou-se um escritor conhecido pelo público e reconhecido pelos
críticos através das suas obras mais famosas, Animal Farm (1945) e Nineteen Eighty Four
(1949). Escritas já no final da sua vida, estas obras alcançaram um sucesso assinalável
representando notáveis marcos políticos e literários. Expressões como "Big Brother",
"Newspeak" ou "doublethink" facilmente entraram na linguagem, usadas em diferentes
contextos, em diversos países. Para Timothy Garton Ash, Orwell representa o escritor
político mais influente do século XX.
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Kadiu, Silvia. "George Orwell, Milan Kundera : individu, littérature et révolution /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41068998t.
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Morton, David. "Hypertext : the intertextualities of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty Four." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15125/.
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Millard, Byron Scott. "An Examination of George Orwell's Newspeak through Politeness Theory." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1367.
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This thesis aims to analyze the formation of politeness in the use of Orwell's artificial language, Newspeak. Multiple theories of politeness will be utilized for the examination but with primary focuses on Brown and Levinson's (1987) original theory and Watts' (2003) views on politic behavior. Orwell's (1949) original novel will be used for the grammatical and lexical basis of the language as well as the source for the language's sociolinguistic aspects. It will be shown that politeness is present within the society and its language, even though it is mechanically altered due to the structure of Newspeak. The largest changes are through the realization of face in INGSOC where a hybrid of Western and Eastern social principles are present.
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Rodrigues, A. S. "George Orwell, the B.B.C and India : a critical study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508360.
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This thesis focuses attention on the two years that George Orwell spent, between August 1941 and November 1943, at the Indian Section of the B.B.C., producing propaganda talks for listeners in India and elsewhere. It views Orwell's occupation in the context of the growing popularity of radio as the most successful weapon of propaganda war in the late thirties and early forties. The study looks briefly at the changing role of the intelligentsia during wartime, and examines the influence of the B. B. C. and other wartime institutions on Orwell's mind and creativity. Although much of Orwell's own contribution at the B.B.C. had become available after the publication of his war broadcasts and commentaries in 1985, this thesis incorporates fresh material and new documents from the B.B.C. Archives and the Orwell Archive, along with some other essays, journalism and letters, which have not been included in any posthumous collections of Orwell's works. The second area of investigation is Orwell's relationship with India and the East. Although his concern for India and Burma was always quite intense, his attitude towards their political problems underwent constant changes, thereby creating some inconsistency in his outlook. This thesis brings to light Orwell's acquaintance with several members of the Indian intelligentsia residing in London during the war, and gives particular attention to his friendship with the veteran Indian writer, Mulk Raj Anand, which hitherto has remained largely unconsidered. Chapter I surveys the propaganda policies of the British and German broadcasting agencies and introduces readers to those factors which led to, and affected, the creation and growth of the Indian Service. An insight into Orwell's mind just before the outbreak of the war explains his reasons for accepting this particular post. Chapter II establishes the biographical details of Orwell's life between 1941 and 1943, and analyses the effect of the bureaucracy of the B.B.C. and M.O.I. on his mind and behaviour. Chapter III contains a taxonomy of his wartime scripts and elaborates upon his social life during the war, including his apparent intimacy with the poet Stevie Smith. The B. B. C. presented Orwell with many ideas and images which contributed to the imaginative setting, characterisation and content of Nineteen Eighty-Four. A discussion of these is contained in Chapter IV. Chapter V -'Child of the Raj'- examines Orwell's ever-changing relationship with India in terms of four stages and charts the development of his political, social, economic and cultural responses to the country and its peoples. His friendship with Mulk Raj Anand, and a comparison of their early lives and novels, is the subject of the concluding chapter, which also highlights their shared responses to politics and society in the thirties. The six appendices that follow substantiate the argument provided in the thesis. Particularly worthy of mention is 'Who listened-in to George Orwell? ' which surveys patterns of listening-in to broadcasts from the B. B. C. and other radio stations in India during the war.
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Gensane, Bernard. "Politique de l'ecriture et responsabilite auctorielle chez george orwell." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT3001.
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Notre travail est divise en trois parties. Avant de nous demander pour quoi et comment orwell ecrivait il nous a semble pertinent d'etuduer ce parcequ'il se voulait avant tout le defenseur d'un defenseur moral sain debusque "orwell" par rapport a orwell en cherchant pourquoi orwell seOrwell is less a theoretician than an artist and a creator. His works cular literary context, according to techniques consciously elaborated importance has not stopped growing in the last fifty years. Our thesis behing his mask, moved it or evaded the place of utterance, followed what we called "the ways of orwell's voices" and the "voices
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Shideler, David Kyle. "An Orwellian model of the totalitarian mind." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27767.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Sallans, Bonnie Jean. ""I am not Winston Smith" : Orwell, the BBC, and Nineteen eighty-four." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56915.
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The subject of this thesis is the influence of George Orwell's experience as a war-time BBC radio broadcaster on the author as he created the world of NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR. In 1985 W. J. West published the transcripts of Orwell's wartime broadcasts. West suggested in his introductory preface that Orwell's NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR was based directly on his BBC experience and problems encountered with the Ministry of Information at that time. This thesis argues that, though Orwell probably drew on his BBC experience for the psychological content of NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR, Winston's treatment at the hands of Big Brother is not based on anything the author endured during his tenure at the BBC. To this end Orwell's personal and political reasons for both joining and leaving the BBC are discussed. The connection between reality and fiction in Orwell's works, both documentary and fictional, is examined, and the literary nature of all of Orwell's writing taken into consideration in an exploration of the creative dynamic shaping Orwell's expression.
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Bagorda, Alice. "1984 di George Orwell: analisi comparativa di due traduzioni italiane." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20865/.
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L'elaborato presenta un'analisi comparativa di due diverse traduzioni in italiano del romanzo "1984" dello scrittore inglese George Orwell. Il primo capitolo è di carattere introduttivo e contiene una breve descrizione della vita dell'autore e della trama dell'opera, seguita da una riflessione sul ruolo della lingua all'interno del romanzo e nei principali regimi totalitari del Novecento. All'interno del secondo capitolo si trova l'analisi comparativa delle due traduzioni, divisa in due parti: nella prima vengono analizzate le differenze di carattere generale tra i due testi in italiano, mentre la seconda parte è focalizzata sulle differenti traduzioni del Newspeak, una lingua inventata da George Orwell presente nel romanzo.
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Dulley, Paul Richard. "'In front of your nose' : the existentialism of George Orwell." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/56743/.
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George Orwell's reputation as a writer rests largely upon his final two works, selected essays and some of his journalism. As a novelist, he is often considered limited, and it is for this reason that his writing has perhaps received less serious attention than that of many of his contemporaries. Some recent publications have sought to redress this balance, identifying an impressive level of artistry, not only in his more recognised works, but in the neglected novels of the 1930s. Yet, aside from studies focused upon his political beliefs, there has been a lack of attention given to the wider ideas underpinning Orwell's writing, in particular, those which might be considered, in popular terms, ‘existential'. Given its unusually firm grounding in the many experiences he underwent, Orwell's thought, I argue, can be viewed profitably from this philosophical standpoint. By engaging his writing in a dialogue with that of the phenomenological-existentialist thinkers, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Emmanuel Levinas, this project aims to make sense of the ideas implicit within his work. Where the work of the aforementioned figures is often opaque and highly abstracted, it will be shown that Orwell's offers the reader literary and real-life exemplars as a means of making difficult ideas understood. The study is divided into four two-part chapters, which track the Orwell canon in a broadly chronological fashion. In parallel with this, the ideas of the existential philosophers are, too, introduced chronologically: Heidegger, Sartre and, Levinas. The thesis attempts to argue that understanding the implicit existentialism in the work of Orwell not only offers a more complete insight into the man, and the tensions inherent in his character, but also affords the reader many much-needed exemplifications, and in some cases augmentations, of some of the most important ideas in existentialist philosophy.
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Mechie, Calum C. "Re-conditioning England : George Orwell and the social problem novel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f142be00-7044-401d-8bd4-5b400944cb35.
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"What can the England of 1940 have in common with the England of 1840? But then, what have you in common with the child of five whose photograph your mother keeps on the mantelpiece? Nothing, except that you happen to be the same person". This comes from George Orwell's wartime pamphlet The Lion and the Unicorn in which, according to Tosco Fyvel, he sought "to identify himself with England in its finest hour". Orwell offered a more prosaic justification – "I don't share the average English intellectual's hatred of his own country" – in one of his regular "London Letters" to the American Partisan Review and from these three sources a complex constellation of questions emerges. The issue at stake is Orwell's relationship with his country and it involves ideas of identity, history, ownership, love, hatred, community and, crucially, his position as spokesperson. Drawing and expanding upon work on Orwell and Englishness, focusing on Orwell's often overlooked originality as a novelist and challenging Raymond Williams' influential account in Orwell and Culture and Society, "Re-Conditioning England" seeks to negotiate a path through this complex of questions. This path, as the title and opening quotation imply, is guided by the past and by Orwell's engagement with the mid-nineteenth century mode of social realism. It is informed by Williams' conception of the novel as a "knowable community" and Benedict Anderson's of the nation as an "imagined community". A chronological and contextual study, the thesis pays attention, throughout, to both when and where Orwell wrote. It places his work within contemporary debates over the status of Charles Dickens, poetry, language and the nation to the end of arguing: in his engagement with contemporary social-problems, Orwell first consciously updates and then self-consciously critiques the nineteenth-century genre of condition-of-England writing.
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Ahlbäck, Pia Maria. "Energy, heterotopia, dystopia : George Orwell, Michel Foucault and the twentieth century environmental imagination /." Åbo : Åbo akademis förlag : Åbo akademi university press, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38960660s.
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Berg, Mattsson Alexander. "The unraveling of Orwell´s puzzle : A literary analysis of the characters in George Orwell´s Animal farm." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27052.
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De, Lange Adriaan M. "The influence of political bias in selected essays of George Orwell /." Lewiston (N.Y) ; Queenston ; Lampeter : E. Mellen Press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35575647w.
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Robinson, Emma Louise. "Liberty compromised? : George Orwell, English Law and the Second World War." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7329/.
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This thesis considers George Orwell’s response to the emergency legislation of the Second World War. Considering legal and historical sources alongside his biography and corpus it reassesses the impact of Orwell’s works in the context of his patriotism, Englishness and views on the law. This thesis argues that Orwell’s experiences in Burma and Spain established his expectations – as an Englishman – for the law during a crisis. It juxtaposes Orwell’s pre-war anxiety regarding potentially ‘fascising measures’ to his relative silence when emergency powers were introduced in England, suggesting Orwell tacitly endorsed controversial measures, including internment, in the unique context of the early war. The thesis considers wartime compromises Orwell felt were necessary, noting his complicity in curtailing freedom of speech at the BBC, before his critical voice re-emerged regarding the normalisation of emergency powers. New readings of 'Animal Farm' and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' highlight both their resonance with the English wartime regime and the dangers implicit in emergency legal systems, drawing out Orwell’s concern that eroding English values and legal traditions removed a bulwark against totalitarianism. Given his changing positions concerning individual freedoms this thesis consequently argues for a more nuanced appraisal of Orwell’s reputation as an unwavering defender of civil liberties.
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Epstein, Richard A. "¿La literatura sirve como ciencia social? : el caso de George Orwell." IUS ET VERITAS, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122877.
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Tsang, Ka-fai Walter, and 曾家輝. "A study of three Chinese translations of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31462893.
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Persson, Andre. "Where Are the Sows? : A Feminist Reading of George Orwell's Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22121.
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This essay argues that the patriarchy is pervasive throughout George Orwell’s novella Animal Farm. By providing examples of narrative events and character actions, the essay aims to make evident the ways in which the patriarchy is represented throughout the novella. The concept of patriarchy is defined, and characters and events that take place within the narrative of Animal Farm are analyzed through the lens of traditional gender roles and toxic masculinity. Both male and female characters are included to present the ways in which society in Animal Farm is patriarchal and the essay argues that the presence of the patriarchy pervades the narrative. The presence of patriarchal structures can be seen throughout the narrative, including characters, character’s actions and how events are portrayed. To conclude, discussing the novella from a feminist theoretical perspective is good for understanding the work in a way that is different from most other analyses in academia and this essay argues that the patriarchy indeed is present throughout the narrative of Animal Farm.
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Tavares, Débora Reis. "A revolta contra o totalitarismo em 1984 de George Orwell, a formação do herói degradado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-12022014-125702/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o último romance de George Orwell, 1984, por meio de alguns de seus elementos literários principais, mais especificamente o estudo do foco narrativo e das personagens. A partir disso, a pesquisa pretende traçar paralelos em torno da questão da possível revolta do personagem principal com o contexto histórico em que o autor estava inserido, suas ideias, as relações com outros elementos de sua obra, dialogando com as afirmações feitas pela fortuna crítica durante as seis décadas de sua publicação. Dessa forma, foram selecionados trechos importantes do livro e de seu apêndice, cujos detalhes foram analisados o emprego de vocábulos, sua função na frase para então observar seu papel na narrativa e relacioná-los a fatores exteriores à obra. Finalmente, ao estabelecer diálogo com a fortuna crítica, buscou-se, na medida do possível, salientar a relevância de 1984 como instrumento de alerta e denúncia contra as mazelas do totalitarismo.The purpose of this research is to analyze the last novel written by George Orwell, 1984, through its main literary tools, which importance gave the possibility to choose within a wide variety of aspects, the study of the narrator and the main characters. With this in mind, this research intends to delineate parallels between the possible rebellion of the main character and the historical context in which the author himself was inserted, his ideas, the links between other elements of his work, discussing it with the statements made by the critics through the six decades from its publication. Hence, it was selected important passages from the novel and its appendix that were analyzed down to very last details, from the use of certain words, their function within the sentence to its role in the novel as a whole and relate them to exterior factors. Finally through establishing a dialogue with the literary criticism it was pursued, as a possible, the underline of the book as an alert instrument and detection against totalitarianism causes.
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Fleagle, Matthew. "Socialist Sacrilege: The Provocative Contributions of George Bernard Shaw and George Orwell to Socialism in the 20th Century." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1248383758.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, Dept. of English-Literature, 2009."August, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 10/21/2009) Advisor, Alan Ambrisco; Faculty readers, Hillary Nunn, Robert Pope; Department Chair, Michael Schuldiner; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hanley, Christopher. "Aesthetics and politics in selected fictional and journalistic writings of George Orwell." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438582.
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Trevas, Leonardo Lucena. "Espírito de Cristal: um estudo sobre Homage to Catalonia, de George Orwell." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-18032015-122353/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar, sob uma perspectiva materialista-dialética, o processo de transformação ideológica da consciência política do autor George Orwell (1903-1950), a partir da obra Homage to Catalonia, publicada originalmente em 1938. A partir disso, a pesquisa procurou compreender a trajetória de Orwell durante o período em que combateu na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), bem como os contextos políticos e históricos da Espanha e da Catalunha, naquele período. Para isso, foram analisados trechos do livro Homage to Catalonia, bem como de outros trabalhos de George Orwell, dialogando com a fortuna crítica acerca da obra do autor. Também buscou ser feita uma leitura crítica da interpretação e apropriação do pensamento de Orwell por outros autores, confrontando as diferentes visões com as palavras do próprio autorThe main objective of this research is to study the process of ideological transformation of George Orwell\'s (1903-1950) political consciousness, by means of a dialectical materialism perspective, in the book Homage to Catalonia, originally published in 1938. In that manner, this research has tried to comprehend Orwell\'s path in Spain and Catalonia, as a combatant in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), through the analysis of the historic and political context of that time and place. We have studied quotes from Homage to Catalonia, as well as from other works by George Orwell, discussing them with the aid of the critical fortune on the author\'s body of work. We have also tried to understand the interpretation and appropriation of Orwell\'s thought by other authors, confronting those visions with Orwell\'s own words
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Wouya, Camille. "La cohésion lexicale en anglais : application à quelques textes de George Orwell." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040073.
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Le but visé par ce travail est de restituer l'organisation systématique des relations cohésives lexicales dans le discours. Après la présentation de la cohésion discursive en général, celle des éléments psychomécaniques et lexicologiques impliqués dans le phénomène, l'étude procède à une caractérisation objective des notions d'"unité lexicale cohésive" et de "relation lexicale cohésive", avant de proposer une théorie générale de la question. L'analyse des douze textes de George Orwell prouve l'évidence observée dans la théorie élaborée : à savoir que toujours porté par le mécanisme de la phoricite, le phénomène de la cohésion lexicale est essentiellement basé sur le rapport matière matière entre les items lexicaux. C'est surtout l'existence dans la pensée du sujet parlant des signifiants de même champ sémantique (isotopie sémantique) qui constitue l'origine des faits de réitération. Le contexte situationnel de discours étant toujours en expansion dans la pensée du sujet locuteur, arrive un moment ou les signifiants connaissent une isotopie sémantique plus large (extension impressive) donnant lieu à des relations collocationnelles. De la répétition à la connotation, en passant par la synonymie et la paraphrase, sans oublier les diverses manifestations des phénomènes de l'inclusion et de l'implication, la cohérence lexicale reste intrinsèquement une question dont le secret est enfoui dans la visée d'effet du locuteur, dans le signifie de puissance des items lexicaux, dans l'isotopie sémantique et l'extension impressive du texteThis work aims at showing the systematic organization of cohesive lexical links in discourse. After presenting discursive cohesion in general, psychomecanical and lexicological elements involved in the phenomenon, the study initiates an objective characterization of what is termed "cohesive lexical item" and "cohesive lexical tie", before designing a general theory of the matter. The analysis of twelve texts by George Orwell confirms the evidence observed in the designed theory: viz. Always carried by the mechanism of "phoricity", the phenomenon of lexical cohesion is essentially based on the matter-to-matter relationship between lexical items. Above all, it is the existence of significants sharing the same semantic field ("semantic isotopy") in the speaker's mind that creates reiteration. The context of situation being always expanding in the speaker's mind, there comes a time when the significants occur in a larger and larger semantic field (impressive extension) generating then collocational lexical links. From repetition to connotation, taking into account synonymy and paraphrase, along with various manifestations of the phenomena of inclusion and implication, lexical coherence remains intrinsically a matter the secet of which is to be found in the speaker's effective thought aiming, in the potential significate of the items, and in the "semantic isotopy" and "impressive extension" of the text
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Padden, Michaela. "Big Brother is Watching You: Panoptic Control in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35343.
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George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, first published in 1949, is a vision of socialism gone wrong. The setting of Oceania is a world ruled over by an oligarchical collective, “The Party,” which wields absolute power through a formidable combination of surveillance technology and the operation of the principles of “panoptic control,” a concept drawn from Jeremy Bentham’s model prison design of the late 1700s and revived by Foucault in the mid 1970s. The combination of surveillance technology and panoptic control is central to the functioning of power in Orwell’s novel, a union which has created a self-sustaining form of totalitarianism dependent on the oppression of individual identity for its automatic perpetuation. This essay offers a reading of Nineteen Eighty-Four as an implicit critique of Bentham’s Panopticon which in many ways foreshadowed the later work of Michel Foucault on the functioning of power within this specific type of physical and social architecture.George Orwells roman 1984, vilken publicerades första gången 1949, är en framtidsvision om socialism som gått fel. Romanen utspelas i Oceania, en värld som styrs av ett oligarkiskt kollektiv, “Partiet,” vilket utövar absolut makt genom en utstuderad kombination av övervakningsteknik och teorin om “panoptisk” kontroll, ett begrepp sprunget ur av Jeremy Benthams fängelsemodell från sent 1700-tal, vilket återskapades av Michel Foucault i mitten av 1970-talet. Kombinationen av övervakningsteknologi och panopticism har i Oceanien skapat en totalitarianism som fungerar med automatik och förtrycker individuell identitet för att befästa statens makt. Denna uppsats närmar sig Orwells 1984 som en underförstådd kritik av Benthams arbete. Vidare identifier i romanen 1984 många av Foucault’s idéer om hur makt fungerar i en panoptisk struktur.
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Perkins, Marianne. "The Politics of Poverty: George Orwell's "Down and Out in Paris and London"." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500674/.
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"Down and Out in Paris and London" is typically perceived as non-political. Orwell's first book, it examines his life with the poor in two cities. Although on the surface "Down and Out" seems not to be about politics, Orwell covertly conveys a political message. This is contrary to popular critical opinion. What most critics fail to acknowledge is that Orwell wrote for a middle- and upper-class audience, showing a previously unseen view of the poor. In this he suggests change to the policy makers who are able to bring about improvements for the impoverished. "Down and Out" is often ignored by both critics and readers of Orwell. With an examination of Orwell's politicizing background, and of the way he chooses to present himself and his poor characters in "Down and Out," I argue that the book is both political and characteristic of Orwell's later work.
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Au, K. W. "Defining spaces : clubs and their membership in the colonial fiction of Kipling, Orwell and Scott." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35731321.
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Kau, Ka-man Angel. "Modality and voices of authority in Animal farm and 1984." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23473058.
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Dübeck, Helena. "Strategies for Preserving Status Quo in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1751.
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In George Orwell's two most famous novels Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm we find a totalitarian state, and in each case there are strategies that enable these societies to stay totalitarian. The reader of today not only sees the Soviet Union when reading Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, but a large number of other totalitarian societies with similar structures and systems that exist throughout the world. A close reading of the novels shows that the strategies for the leaders in Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm to preserve the status quo include the control of media and flow of information, maintaining the class system, controlling education, creating distractions from issues that matter, being able to put the blame on a traitor, and enforcing control of people’s memory. Media is used to make the inhabitants believe that they are better off now than before, so that they will be content with what they have. Traitors and enemies are used to silence resistance and make sure that people stay in line. People’s memory is something that the leaders manipulate, even if it works in different ways in the two stories. In Animal Farm the animals just have a bad memory, and in Nineteen Eighty-Four it might be that the people have lost their ability to think critically and thus their ability to remember. Maintaining the class system and controlling education is to remain in control and minimizing the risks of another uprising. The reason why the Animal Farm becomes totalitarian is because the animals themselves looked the other way as the pigs started to take more than their fair share, which means that the responsibility of this situation is just as much the leaders as it is the peoples. The totalitarian societies in these books remain at status quo, but the message of these novels is that it can be different in real life. If we do not let things get out of hand, and if we keep on being aware of what is happening around us, we can stop this from happening.
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Feenstra, Robin E. (Robin Edward) 1972. "Modern noise : Bowen, Waugh, Orwell." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115604.
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The modern soundscape buzzes with noise. In the 1930s, telephones, radios, and gramophones filled domestic spaces with technological noise, while crowds shouting in the streets created political clamour. During the war in the 1940s, bombs and sirens broke through buildings and burst through consciousness. This dissertation examines the response of three British modernist writers to the cultural shifts brought about by technology and politics, which altered everyday experience and social relations. Elizabeth Bowen, Evelyn Waugh, and George Orwell represent noise in their fiction and nonfiction as a trope of power. Noise, as a palpable emblem of discontent and the acoustic unconsciousness of the period, infiltrates sentences and rearranges syntax, as in the invention of Newspeak in Nineteen Eight-Four. Noise cannot leave listeners in a neutral position. The "culture racket" of the 1930s and 1940s required urgent new ways of listening and listening with ethical intent.Chapter One provides a reading of Elizabeth Bowen's audible terrains in her novels of the 1930s, where silences and sudden noises intrude on human lives. In Bowen's novels, technological noise has both comedic and tragic consequences. Chapter Two examines noise as a political signifier in The Heat of the Day, Bowen's novel of the blitz. Chapter Three takes up the significance of the culture racket to Evelyn Waugh's novels and travel writing of the 1930s; noise assumes a disruptive, if highly comedic, value in his works, an ambiguity that expresses what it means to be modern. Chapter Four examines Waugh's penchant for satirizing the phoneyness of contemporary culture---its political vacillations---especially in Put Out More Flags, set during the Second World War. Chapter Five considers Orwell's engagement with the emerging social and political formations amongst working, racial, and warring classes in the 1930s. Documenting noise in his reportage, Orwell sounds alarms to alert readers to the mounting social and political crises in his realist novels of the decade. Chapter Six argues that Orwell's final two novels of the 1940s, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, represent the politics of noise in as much as they announce the noise of politics in totalitarian futures. Noise demarcates the insidiousness of propaganda as it screeches from telescreens, the keynote in Big Brother's ideological symphony of domination. Noise, throughout Orwell's writing, signifies the struggle for power. In its widest ramifications, noise provides an interpretive paradigm through which to read Bowen's, Waugh's, and Orwell's fiction and non-fiction, as well as modernist texts generally.
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Cardoso, Tânia Cardoso de. ""Banquete-ê-mo-nos" : uma relação entre George Orwell e Ignácio de Loyola Brandão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3657.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar em 1984, de George Orwell, e em Não verás país nenhum, de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, como aparecem as relações entre o homem e a sociedade. No contexto da pós-modernidade, onde estas relações fogem da mimesis, a exigência de versatilidade coloca em xeque os valores do projeto racional moderno e busca a transformação de um sujeito resistente a uma estrutura que escapa de seu controle. Fatores como memória, escritura, corpo, técnica, velocidade e meio-ambiente são elementos fundamentais da resposta necessária de um homem que tende a sucumbir em decorrência de suas próprias criações. Numa época em que o Estado passa a ser uma entidade transnacional, sem rosto e sem voz, cabe ao indivíduo inventar possíveis alternativas ou simplesmente gerenciar o caos.
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Santos, Sandra Keli Florentino Veríssimo dos. "Re-escritura e manipulação em duas traduções de Nineteen Eighty-four de George Orwell." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95435.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da TraduçãoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T01:37:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 301940.pdf: 830581 bytes, checksum: f24062c9ae22e10864e0ca145d521732 (MD5)
O presente trabalho visa a apresentar um estudo sobre duas traduções da obra Nineteen eighty-four de George Orwell (1949), para o português brasileiro, publicadas respectivamente em 1954 e 2009 e realizadas por tradutores diferentes. O foco principal da análise se concentra nos aspectos políticos e ideológicos da obra que resultaram em traduções bem distintas, as quais trazem à tona discussões sobre uma possível interferência do contexto em que ambas foram publicadas. Considerando-se que nesse intervalo de mais de cinquenta anos que separa as duas traduções, o Brasil passou por várias transformações, principalmente no que concerne à liberdade de expressão, investiga-se de que forma o contexto político e social em que ambos os tradutores estiveram inseridos, interferiu nos cortes e seleção de termos e expressões, no processo de tradução da obra. O estudo se baseia nas teorias de manipulação e re-escritura fundamentadas por André Lefevere (1992) e Lawrence Venuti (1998), cujas visões confluem ao tratar a literatura traduzida como produto a ser realizado a serviço de um poder ou autoridade.
The present study aims at presenting some reflections on two translations of George Orwell´s novel, Nineteen eighty-four (1949), into Brazilian Portuguese, published respectively in 1954 and 2009 and made by different translators. The main focus of the analysis is concentrated on the political and ideological aspects of the novel which resulted in distinct translations. This brings into question a discussion about the possible interference of the context in which each translation was published. Considering that during this gap of more than fifty years, Brazil passed through several changes, mainly concerning freedom of expression, it is investigated how the political and social context in which both translators were situated, influenced on the cuts of parts of the text and selection of .words and expressions during the process of the translation. This study is based on the theories of rewriting and manipulation supported by André Lefevere (1992) and Lawrence Venuti (1998), whose views converge, when treating literature as a product controlled by a power or authority.
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Goodman, Ralph. "The dialogics of satire : foci and faultlines in George Orwell's Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51961.
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Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of dialogism, as well as postmodernism, to open up faultlines in satire, and to explore and challenge various perceptions and discourses surrounding and related to it. Both dialogism and postmodernism are used to suggest fresh approaches to satire, by repositioning it in relation to other discourses and reframing it as a complex dynamic, rather than a closed and inflexible system. Chapter 1 of the thesis opens with an historical survey of the beginnings and subsequent development of satire. It also contains a general discussion of the nature of satiric strategies and opens the door for the incorporation of postmodern perspectives into the argument. Chapter 2 contrasts the issues of morality and re-presentation in satire, arguing that satirists do not simply invite their audience to condemn, but offer them an opportunity to discover alternative worlds. The affinity between satire and postmodernism is emphasised by the postmodern predilection for modes highly favoured by satire: allegory, parody and fantasy. In Chapter 3 the issue of language and its referents is explored, starting with Saussure's theory of how the signifier and the signified function. It is argued that satire has never respected this fixed relationship, and that it is in this respect similar to deconstruction. The last part of the chapter is devoted to examining four key socio-political discourses - psychoanalysis, ideology, propaganda and political myth - in relation to satire. These four discourses are, like satire, intent on influencing the perceptions which people have of the world. The intention in juxtaposing these discourses is to create a dialogic process which will throw a fresh light on all of them, including satire itself. The four socio-political discourses named above play an important part in Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, and are relevant to the subsequent discussion of these novels. Chapter 4 consists of a detailed discussion of Animal Farm, in which the various layers comprising the work are examined. The satirical aspects of the novel are closely related to the fabular and fairy tale elements which are an important part of its constitution. These elements or levels are juxtaposed with the historical details alluded to continuously in Animal Farm and indicate its close concern with the world outside the novel. Chapter 5 consists of a detailed exploration of Nineteen Eighty-Four, which is illuminated by a process of dialogism between the modernist ideology from which the novel springs and the postmodern perspective introduced into the thesis, as well as the four socio-political discourses mentioned earlier. The main postmodern theories used in this chapter are those of Foucault. The last section of the thesis demonstrates how Orwell's personal experience drives his satire, and relates this specifically to a discussion of utopia / dystopia in satire.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Dialogiek van Satire: Fokuspunte en Breuke in Orwell se Animal Farm en Nineteen Eighty-Four: Hierdie proefskrif maak gebruik van Mikhail Bakhtin se teorie van dialogisme, sowel as die postmodernisme, om die breuke in satire bloot te le, en om die verskillende persepsies en diskoerse wat verband hou met die satire te ondersoek en te bevraagteken. Beide die dialogisme en die postmodernisme word gebruik om nuwe perspektiewe op satire te open, deur dit te herposisioneer in verhouding tot ander diskoerse en dit voor te stel in terme van 'n komplekse dinamika eerder as 'n geslote en onbuigsame sisteem. Die eerste hoofstuk van die proefskrif begin met 'n historiese oorsig van die oorspronge en daaropvolgende ontwikkeling van satire. Dit omvat ook 'n algemene bespreking van die aard van satiriese strateqiee en open die moontlikheid om postmodernistiese perspektiewe in die argument te integreer. Hoofstuk 2 kontrasteer die kwessies van moraliteit en representasie in satire met mekaar; daar word geargumenteer dat satirici nie net hulle gehore uitnooi om te veroordeel nie, maar hulle die geleentheid gee om alternatiewe werelde te ontdek. Die verwantskap tussen satire en postmodernisme word benadruk deur die postmodernisme se voorliefde vir die modi waaraan die satire so dikwels voorkeur gee: allegorie, parodie en fantasie. In hoofstuk 3 word die kwessie van taal en referensialiteit ondersoek, beginnende by Saussure se teorie oor die funksionering van die betekenaar en die betekende. Daar word geargumenteer dat satire nog nooit die vaste verhouding tussen betekenaar en betekende eerbiedig het nie, en dat dit in hierdie opsig verwant is aan die dekonstruksie. Die laaste gedeelte van die hoofstuk word gewy aan 'n ondersoek van vier sentrale sosio-politiese diskoerse - psigoanalise, ideologie, propaganda en politieke mitologie - in verhouding met satire. Hierdie vier diskoerse is, soos satire, daarop ingestel om mense se persepsies/opvattings van die. wereld te verander. Die doelstelling met die jukstaposisie van hierdie diskoerse is die skep van 'n dialogiese proses wat al vier hierdie diskoerse, insluitende satire, in 'n nuwe lig sal stel. Die genoemde sosio-politiese diskoerse speel 'n belangrike rol in Animal Farm en Nineteen Eighty-Four, en is relevant vir die daaropvolgende bespreking van die romans. Hoofstuk 4 bestaan uit 'n gedetailleerde bespreking van Animal Farm, waarin daar ondersoek ingestel word na die verskillende lae waaruit die roman bestaan. Die satiriese aspekte van die roman word in noue verband gebring met die fabulere en die feeverhaalelemente wat so 'n belangrike deel uitmaak van die roman se samestelling. Hierdie elemente of vlakke word gejukstaponeer met die historiese detail waarna daar deurlopend in Animal Farm verwys word en wat die noue bemoeienis met die wereld buite die roman aandui. Hoofstuk 5 bestaan uit 'n intensiewe ondersoek van Nineteen Eighty-Four, wat belig word deur 'n proses van dialogisme tussen die modernistiese ideologie waaruit die roman spruit en die postmodernistiese perspektiewe wat in die proefskrif ingevoer word. Die belangrikste postmodernistiese teoriee wat in hierdie hoofstuk gebruik word, is die van Foucault. Die laaste afdeling van die proefskrif demonstreer hoedat Orwell se persoonlike ervaring bepalend is vir sy satire en bring dit spesifiek in verband met 'n bespreking van utopie/distopie in satire.
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Oliveira, Terezinha de Assis. "Linguagem e memória em Fahrenheit 451 e 1984." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7429.
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This research aims to analyze the literary dystopians 1984, written by George Orwell and Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury observing how these authors presented their reflections about their societies and how the human being was inserted in this context. In this perspective, the goal of this work is to demonstrate how the manipulation of memory and language reflects the contrasts between English and American dystopia in the works mentioned above and how the authors presented their critics to their societies. The discussions have presented theoretical support on the studies of Jacques Le Goff (1990), Maurice Halbwachs (2006) and Paul Ricouer (2008), which have highlighted aspects of memory and language that are common to both works, but were approached differently by their authors. This is justified by the fact that they belonged to different societies and the historical ideological context of post world wars in England and the United States was a determining factor to the emersion of dystopian literature and technological society even if differently in each country. This study also presents an overview on the science fiction, emphasizing the most representative moments of this literary strand in which the novels that make up the corpus of this work are inserted.
Esta pesquisa destina-se a uma análise das obras literárias distópicas 1984 de George Orwell e Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury, observando como os autores apresentaram suas reflexões sobre os caminhos das sociedades e como enxergavam o homem inserido neste contexto. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como a manipulação da memória e da linguagem reflete os contrastes entre a distopia inglesa e norte-americana nas obras supracitadas e como os autores formularam suas críticas às sociedades das quais participavam. As discussões apresentadas possuem como suporte teórico os estudos de Jacques Le Goff (1990), Maurice Halbwachs (2006) e Paul Ricouer (2008), os quais permitiram evidenciar aspectos de memória e linguagem que são comuns às duas obras, mas que foram abordados diferentemente por seus autores. Isto se justifica pelo fato de que eles pertenciam a sociedades distintas e o contexto histórico-ideológico pós-guerras mundiais na Inglaterra e Estados Unidos foi fator determinante para a emersão da literatura distópica e da sociedade tecnológica, ainda que de maneira diferente em cada país. Este estudo apresenta ainda um panorama acerca da ficção científica, destacando momentos representativos desta vertente literária na qual se inserem os romances que compõem o corpus deste trabalho.