Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géomorphologie – Lion, Golfe du (France)'
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Salel, Tiphaine. "Dynamique des environnements fluvio-lagunaires du Narbonnais à l'Holocène (Golfe du Lion, France)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30083.
Full textThe present day Aude valley’s coastal landscape is the result of unstable lagoonal and deltaic environments during the last millennia. The understanding of past environmental dynamics is a key issue of the local ar-chaeological research, because since the Neolithic period human beings have settled in this area. This work aims to identify and explain the fluvio-lagoonal landscape’s evolution in the Narbonne region during the Holocene by using sedimentology, micropalaeontology and radiocarbon sediment datations. First, we analysed the present ostracods spatial distribution in modern lagoons and river mouths in order to use this microfauna as a bioindicator of past environmental conditions in the study area. Various aquatic envi-ronments (60) from the NW Mediterranean coastline were studied. The present ostracod assemblages characterize different stages of isolation, from completely closed lagoons to widely open marine bays, as well as intra-lagoonal environmental variability in relation to the inlets and river mouth proximities. The proposed database can be used to reconstruct coastal geomorphologies and dynamics, such as the holocene evolution of delta and barrier-lagoon systems in the Gulf of Lion. Second, sedimentary recording studies have been used to analyse the Narbonne’s coastal evolution. This study is based on nine cores distributed over the southern and eastern deltaic branches of the Aude river. With theses results, it is possible to propose a palaeogeographic scenario associated with the environmental dynamics of the lower valley since 9500 years cal. BP. This same data informs us about the local context of the Holocene sea level rise during the 9500-6000 years cal. BP. Several issues are discussed such as : the Holocene’s transgressions of the Gulf of Lion’s lagoons, the extreme marine event near the bay head delta around 5200-5000 years cal. BP, and the Aude delta’s rapid progradation during the last millennium. Additionally, we identified two periods of lead enrichment; which are consistent with the major mining peaks known in Languedoc (beginning of the first century AD - beginning of the classical Middle ages) and suggest a record of fluctuating metallurgical activity
Feyssat, Pierre. "Modélisation conceptuelle du fonctionnement d'une plage microtidale à barres en festons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2023PERP0021.pdf.
Full textThe sedimentary bars of the nearshore control the dynamics of the beaches. Understanding the couplingbetween aerial and submerged beaches is essential at a time when entire urban sectors of the Occitanie region are subject to erosion. Thequestion of beach topography thus appears to be a crucial knowledge to anticipate future changes induced by the global rise in mean sea level.The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the comprehension of the aerial beach/submerged beach systems and their interconnections, bylooking at the particular case of the Mediterranean coasts. This thesis is based on the study of a beach with a double crescentic nearshore barsystem: the beach of Leucate. Similar crescentic bar systems are present in the southern part of the Gulf of Lion (between Leucate and Argelès-sur-Mer), i.e. about 40 km of coastline. A first part of the work was dedicated to the morphodynamics of the aerial beach, in particular to itsevent and seasonal dynamics in relation to the atypical forcing of the region on the sites of Leucate and La Franqui (prevailing onshore wind,long periods of fair weather, short and intense storms). A specific part on the Leucate site was then devoted to quantify the wind transportinduced by the onshore wind (Tramontane), so characteristic of the area. The second part of the work concerned the underwater beach ofLeucate and its system of double festoon bars at different time scales (20 years, seasons, events). This work allowed us to identify the controlparameters and the morphological response of this Mediterranean system. This has also led to the study of the establishment and dynamics of athird system of proximal bars intercalated locally between the internal bar and near the coastline, the Low Beach Bars, which have been littlestudied until now. A third part is devoted to the interactions between the aerial beach and the underwater beach through two examples. Thecouplings between the coastline and the bars on the site of Leucate, and the more complex example of the grau of La Franqui in which thesecouplings control the position of the estuary and its dynamics.This work has led to the description of a model of aerial beach evolution on anevent-driven and seasonal scale, which can be applied to the beaches of the southern Gulf of Lion. The work on the underwater beach hasallowed to highlight a diversity of bar typologies (especially for the internal bar), and a dynamic of the double bar system characterized by astability of bars more important than in other environments. Regarding the couplings between these two compartments, we have highlighted theimpact of the couplings between the nearshore bars and the coastline whose morphology evolves according to the couplings
Davtian, Nina. "Variabilité climatique et environnementale du dernier cycle glaciaire en Méditerranée occidentale : apports des nouveaux biomarqueurs organiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0025.
Full textThe aim of my PhD is to better understand the genesis of signals based on archaeal and bacterial membrane lipids, tetraethers, in coastal marine environments by studying two adjacent sedimentary archives taken from the Gulf of Lions and covering the last glacial cycle. These archives were taken from the relatively shallow upper continental slope, which receives substantial terrigenous inputs during glacial periods. The study site thus has accumulation rates of about one meter per thousand years during glacial periods, which allows me to study the abrupt variability of Quaternary climates in addition to their longer-term variability. First, I have considerably improved the analysis of tetraethers, by adopting a new method for isomer separation and by optimizing the analytical instrument and signal detection. Second, I have tested a novel oceanic paleothermometer based on hydroxylated tetraethers (RI-OH index) for the first time in the western Mediterranean Sea. Third, I have studied the origins of tetraethers and their responses to sea level variations. The novel oceanic paleothermometer gives particularly encouraging results despite terrigenous inputs. However, bacterial tetraethers have mixed origins and complex, non linear responses to sea level variations. Possible explanations include the complex sedimentary dynamics of the Gulf of Lions and biases in tetraether-based signals
Calafat-Frau, Antonio. "Dynamique sédimentaires de la marge rhodanienne Gofe du Lion (Matière en suspension et dépôts récents)." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0001.
Full textAcherki, Nabila. "Analyse palynologique de quatre carottes du Golfe du Lion : application à la restitution de la végétation et du climat du midi de la France pendant le dernier cycle climatique et à la stratigraphie marine." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20101.
Full textBaztan, Juan. "Formation et évolution des canyons sous-marins du Golfe du Lion : relation avec les cycles glacio-eustatiques." Brest, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425079.
Full textJallet, Laurent. "La ride sédimentaire pyrénéo-languedocienne : étude multi-échelle d'une accumulation sédimentaire marine profonde dans le Golfe du Lion (méditerranée nord-occidentale)." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0485.
Full textUnder effect of tectonical, eustatic and morphological factors, marine sediments mainly confined on the continental shelves, move to the slope and to the abyssal plain where they feed sedimentary bodies more or less extended. In the Gulf of Lions (north-western part of the Mediterranean), the Pyreneo-Languedocian Sedimentary Ridge, located at the foot of the Catalano-Languedocian slope is an enlarged sedimentary levee. It forms the southern levee of the Creus Cape valley and the western one of the Sète valley. This sedimentary ridge is characterised by dune-like structures which have mainly a hydro-sedimentary origin (sediment waves). Seismical, morphological and sedimentological studies conducted on the Ridge form a multi-scale study that allowed us to appreciate its original causes, the factors responsible for its construction during the Plioquaternary (salt tectonics, gravity flows, plastic deformation mechanisms) involving a new regional light
Mansel, Karin. "Studien zum Trachtenzubehör der älteren Eisenzeit am Golfe du Lion und im Ampurdán /." Rahden/Westf : M. Leidorf, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39925799m.
Full textTessier, Anne. "Caractérisation des récifs artificiels du Golfe du Lion : de l’écologie aux usagers." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1171.
Full textThe aim of this present work was firstly to study the nature and the reasons of spatio-temporal distribution of Artificial Reef (AR) fishes, secondly to analyze the fishing yield around the ARs and finally to characterize the AR users and their perceptions for this tool. Three AR localities of the Languedoc-Roussillon region (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea -France) were studied. The spatio-temporal evolution of fish communities was studied by underwater visual census. An increase of species richness with the AR age was detected. The habitat complexity was also identified such as a factor impacting the fish communities. At the regional level, the degree of isolation plays a role on fish communities of ARs. At the local level, the study suggest an effect of some environmental factors such as the presence of a river, the state of health of natural area in surroundings or the artisanal and recreational fishing pressures. The study of fishing yields providing of experimental fishing showed a higher yield in a radius of 300 m around ARs for hard substrate fishes and the fishing yield was higher at ARs than at natural reefs. Thus, ARs appear as a potential tool of sustain for artisanal fishing. This was confirmed by the artisanal fishermen. Results of semi-directed interviews of AR users indicated a great satisfaction of AR as to sustain their professional activity. Other users use ARs but lower proportion but in the future this could be change. Thus, it is necessary for the planning of ARs to consider locally environmental factors, but also intrinsic to the AR such as complexity. The users perception must also be taken into account in any future governance of AR
Pierre, Ferrer. "Morphodynamique à multi-échelles du trait de côte (prisme sableux) du golfe du Lion depuis le dernier optimum climatique." Perpignan, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532788v2.
Full textProblems in coastal environments are often linked to the position of the shoreline, which has moved for 6000 years. Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea) is an exceptional natural laboratory for morphodynamical studies of the shoreline in microtidal environment, using the existence of coastal lagoons behind the barrier island and subtidal sandbars on the shoreface. Lagoons are environments where the sedimentary infill is well preserved. The sedimentary record can be used for the paleo-reconstruction of the lagoon and of the sandy barrier. The first goal of this work is to characterize the evolution of Thau lagoon and Sète sandy barrier from the sedimentary infill. Using data of seismic reflexion and sedimentary cores, three mains units have been described. The main steps of the lagoon edification have been reconstructed using the analyses and the datation of the sedimentary samples. Coast showing systems with two sandbars have been observed in meso- and macrotidal environments. Their study in microtidal environment is less abundant, that’s why the system of Leucate Beach has been studied since 2000. The second goal of this work is to propose a conceptual modeling based on the morphodynamics of the system, from geophysical and hydrodynamical data. This model is based on morphodynamic observed sequences, it is necessary to create two beach states which can be included in the usual classification. It shows the role of the significant wave height and the incidence of the waves in the morphodynamics of the system
Jouët, Gwenaël. "Enregistrements stratigraphiques des cycles climatiques et glacio-eustatiques du Quaternaire terminal : modélisations de la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion." Brest, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260930.
Full textEarth’s climate oscillated during the Late Quaternary and these variations influenced sedimentary records worldwide. However, the associated changes of global sea-level and of environmental factors are not precisely documented, neither are their stratigraphic signatures. The extensive geophysical and sedimentological investigations carried out in the Gulf of Lions (Western Mediterranean) since the 90’s allow us to explore the expanded sedimentary records preserved on this continental margin during the Late Quaternary. The combination of high sediment supply and significant subsidence favoured an almost continuous record, at the shelf edge, of sedimentary sequences linked to 100 kyr glacio-eustatic and climatic cycles. The Gulf of Lions is therefore an ideal area for calibration of climatic and sea-level variations from the continental margin architecture. First interpreted from seismic data, these sequences have been sampled and analysed by the EC-funded “Promess 1” drilling operation. This high resolution record of the last ca. 500 kyr provides a new detailed litho- and chrono-stratigraphic framework. It allows a revised high-resolution, tri-dimensional sequence stratigraphic analysis of the margin. It also reveals, from an ultra-high resolution multi-proxy analysis of the last glacial cycle (~130 kyr), the stratigraphic and sedimentary imprints of millennium-scale climatic events such as Heinrich events and the cooling Bond cycles. Finally, the quantitative numerical modelling of the last deglacial period evidences the influence of a very high sediment flux and co pulses of sea-level rises (driven by rapid climatic events) on the architecture of the deltaic system
Rouibah, Mohamed. "Relations entre la composition chimique des eaux interstitielles et les caractéristiques des dépots récents sur la marge rhodanienne (Golfe du Lion) : mécanismes de digénèse précoce de la matière organique." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0154.
Full textEl, Hmaidi Abdellah. "Unités sédimentaires et paléoenvironnements du quaternaire terminal sur la marge rhodanienne (Golfe du Lion, France)." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0170.
Full textFerraton, Franck. "Ecologie trophique des juvéniles de merlu (Merluccius merluccius) dans le golfe du Lion : implications biologiques de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des ressources alimentaires exploitées dans les zones de nourricerie." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20223.
Full textBlanchard, Fabian. "Effets de l'exploitation par pêche sur la dynamique de diversité des peuplements de poissons démersaux : analyse comparée du rôle des interactions entre espèces dans le golfe de Gascogne et dans le golfe du Lion." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2027.
Full textHussein, Mohammad. "Etudes des processus hydro-sédimentaires sur les plateformes continentales de la marge syrienne et du golfe du Lion." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1173.
Full textSeveral oceanographic cruises were conducted at two ends of the Mediterranean Sea Between 2006 and 2010 in the eastern basin in front of the Syrian coast between Latakia and Tartous cities and in the western basin on the Languedoc coast of the Gulf of Lions. Valuable information‟s have been obtained recently in the North Eastern parts of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily from in situ hydrological observations, remote sensing and modeling. Generally, four water masses of different origins are observed on the Syrian margin: (1) Levantine surface water of local origin (due to high evaporation), (2) Modified Atlantic water that comes from the Atlantic Ocean, (3) Levantine intermediate water formed in the southern Aegean Sea, and (4) Deep water. During their stay on the Syrian coast, these waters are warmed-up especially during summer. The seasonal variability of the main currents on the Syrian margin has been clarified by computed geostrophic currents in winter and summer periods. Circulation on the Syrian border is complex and turbulent due to the influence of the bottom bathymetry and the form of coastline on the movement of currents. The nature and spatial distribution of eddies relative to the direction of the main currents suggest that their origin is related to the lateral displacement of the eddy currents generated by the friction on the bottom level of the continental shelf. The models performed on the Syrian margin (PEM) of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll showed a peak chlorophyll maximum between 50 and 75 m related to the presence of the thermocline. This maximum is a good indicator of the Syrian oligotrophicity marine waters. The average concentrations of chlorophyll measured during the cruises on Syrian margin are in the order of 0. 06 mg m -3 and are relatively lower than on the coast of Languedoc-Roussillon where they are around 1. 5 mg m -3. This difference is due to inputs from rivers and upwelling that is well developed in the summer related with strong northwest winds (Tramontane) blown off the coast of Gulf of Lions. VModeling (model Symphonie and MARS3D), satellite imagery and in situ data in the northwest Gulf of Lions give a three dimensional view on the phenomenon of upwelling and offshore transport largely controlled by the bathymetry and coastline morphology (Cap d‟Agde). The upwelling triggers a surface current directed southward. The existence of upwelling creates a difference in relative sea level between Cape d‟Agde to the north and Cap Creus to the south. This mechanism gives rise to a mesoscale superficial eddy thus resulting in a modification of three-dimensional ocean circulation that could lead to a decrease in the intensity of upwelling. The East branch of the eddy appears to be the main driver of the transport of Languedocian coastal waters towards the center of the continental shelf andseaward
Marsaleix, Patrick. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle de la circulation océanique dans le Golfe du Lion." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30072.
Full textRieucau, Jean. "Des sociétés maritimes et riveraines de la Méditerranée française : l'exemple du golfe du Lion." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040262.
Full textThe major rupture in the socio-economic life of the Languedoc-Roussillon seaboard takes its roots in the 1960's with the setting up of five large-scale tourist centres created from scratch by the "mission Racine" (1963-82) these developments brought about the advent of a major leisure mono-activity along the coast (bathing resorts, motor-boating, surf-boarding) which provoked both a decline and a restructuring of traditional maritime activities (lagoon fisheries, coastal fisheries' in-shore', shell fisheries in coastal ponds, vineyards, saltworks, etc. . . ). The fishing societies along the Golfe du Lion either endanger or adapt themselves to these changes (massive breakthrough of the tourist industry, sea ponds and lagoons turned to new activities), trying to conciliate their traditional structure (fishing-societies, family networks of production, traditional fishing techniques and boats) and culture (sea-festivals, nautical jousts, etc. . . ) With the necessary economic modernisation. The latter imposes a viable form of pluriactivity (fishing and tourist industry), joint off in-shore and lagoon fishing as well as the development of off-shore shell fisheries. The analysis of the micro societies along the Golfe du Lion, facing both the sea and the hinterland, having to cope with tourist industry, takes into account how deeply rooted they are, how geographically mobile, and how either backward or forward looking they are vis-a-vis society as a whole
Schaeffer, Amandine. "Impact du vent sur la circulation hydrodynamique dans le Golfe du Lion : modélisation haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603720.
Full textCertain, Raphaël. "Morphodynamique d'une côte sableuse microtidale à barres : le Golfe du Lion (Languedoc-Roussillon)." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0465.
Full textThis multi-scale study aims at understanding the geodynamic functioning of the gulf of Lions littoral prism. The secular evolution of the emerged and immersed sandy prism brings out the sediment availability notion to identify erosion or accretion trends of the shore according to sand volumes in the nearshore. At medium scale, the nearshore bars act in two successive modes: a dynamic equilibrium position (O. P. E. ) during common hydrodynamic conditions and a net offshore migration model (N. O. M. ) showing the seaward migration of bars during high-energy conditions leading up to their degeneration. Finally, at short scale, the study underlines the instantaneous response of shore sandy units during different periods of storm
GAERTNER, JEAN-CLAUDE. "Organisation des assemblages demersaux dans le golfe du lion : structures spatiales et stabilite temporelle." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22067.
Full textGuarracino, Maud. "Contrôle hydrodynamique du transfert de la matière particulaire sur la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0575.
Full textA long term experiment of monthly downward particle fluxes and hourly currents and temperature has been initiated in 1993 on the continental slope of the Gulf of Lions. This study aims at describing the spatial variation of the intensity and nature of particle fluxes, discriminating the temporal flux variability, and analysing the role of some forcing factors in the control of particle exchange across the margin. Forcing variables include sources of particulate matter on the shelf (river inputs, atmospheric input and resuspension) and cross-slope exchange mechanism derived from in-situ temperature and current records. The statistical analysis of the long term time series underlines that the transfer of particulate matter to the deep ocean is not forced by the sources of matter, and mass fluxes are likely controlled by the meandering of the Northern Current and by winter dense water formation. Numerical simulations have been carried out to check these hypotheses as well as to define the spatial structure of the water exchanges between the continental shelf and the basin and the major hydrodynamic mechanism which controls the export of matter to deep ocean. This modelling approach scans the impact of local atmospheric forcing (wind stress, heat fluxes, precipitation-evaporation budget) on the variability of the oceanic circulation and of mass fluxes within the canyons. Some results showed an East-West gradient of matter export on the shelf, a positive correlation between matter inputs from the shelf and particle fluxes measured on the slope as well as a positive correlation between anomalies of dense water formation rates and interannual variability of particle fluxes
Raynal, Olivier. "Architectures de dépôts et facteurs de contrôle d'un système côtier à faibles apports sédimentaires - le littoral languedocien (Golfe du Lion, Sud de la France)." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542897.
Full textStabholz, Marion. "Impact of dense water formations on the particulate organic matter dynamics : application to the gulf of Lion margin." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1245.
Full textFerré, Bénédicte. "Comparaison de l'effet des tempêtes et du chalutage sur la resuspension et le transport de matières particulaires dans le Golfe du Lion." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0584.
Full textThe impact of storms and trawling on the resuspension and transport of sediment in the Gulf of Lion has been studied. A first experiment conducted in a muddy-sand bay, illustrated the effect of a major storm on sediment resuspension. The results revealed a strong turbidity increase throughout the whole water column. Particulate flux were estimated and highlighted the limitation of erosion by bed armoring. Residence time of suspended fine particles after the peak of the storm was about one week. A 1DV oscillatory turbulent boundary layer model compared well with the observations and further showed that such storms could resuspend sediment up to 40 m depth, corresponding to the sand to mud transition limit. A second experiment aimed at estimating the characteristics of the turbid plumes and the resuspension fluxes generated by bottom trawls (geometry, resuspended sediment concentration, grain size) on different muddy substrates. Monitoring and modeling of plume deposition showed that most of the resuspended sediment settled within a couple of hours, and that the remaining suspended fine sediment could feed the bottom nepheloid layer. The impact of both resuspension processes was compared in winter conditions using a sediment- and hydro- dynamics model. Results indicate that waves and currents resuspend primarily muddy-sand sediments of the inner-shelf, between 20 and 40 m deep, whereas trawling-induced resuspension is maximum on muddy sediment between 80 and 100 m depth. Whereas the quantities resuspended by waves and currents clearly exceed those induced by trawling, the quantities of exported particles are comparable
Ullmann, Albin. "Surcotes dans le Golfe du Lion et conditions atmosphériques : variabilité contemporaine et future (1905-2100)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305449.
Full textDiaz, Frédéric. "Evolution saisonnière de la production primaire et des processus d'assimilation-régénération de l'azote dans le Golfe du Lion : Estimation d'un bilan de carbone. Approches in situ et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22105.
Full textMany, Gael. "Impacts of storm and flood events on suspended particulate matter dynamics in the Gulf of Lions. Contributions of gliders to a multi-platform approach." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0033/document.
Full textCoastal suspended particulate matter dynamics play a main role in the fate of land-derived material from the source (rivers) to sink (continental margins, submarine canyons, deep sea). The monitoring of this dynamic, especially during flooding and storm conditions, is decisive to understand factors impacting sedimentary budgets of continental margins, health of benthic habitats and spread of contaminants. The aim of this PhD is to study the impacts of such events on the suspended particles dynamics over the shelf of the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediteranean). A multi-platform approach, combining existing observation platforms (survey, glider, satellite, mooring and coastal buoy) and based on the measurement of the turbidity was adopted. Results enabled to describe 1) the impacts of forcings (winds, waves, currents) on the dynamics of nepheloid layers during flooding and storm conditions, 2) the variability of the particle assemblage during such events through an in situ characterization and 3) the role of gliders in the monitoring of suspended particles dynamics within the coastal zone
Dufau-Julliand, Claire. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle réaliste de l'hydrodynamique du Golfe du Lion, Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale, appliquée à l'expérience MOOGLI3 : Etude des eaux denses générées sur le plateau continental et de l'activité méso-échelle du Courant Nord." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22061.
Full textKulling, Benjamin. "Déformation du rivage et dérive littorale des plages du Golfe du Lion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0324/document.
Full textWave data from 1979 to 2010 derived from a large-scale modelling database (ANEMOC-2) were used together with high resolution topo-bathymetric LiDAR data as inputs within the coastal engineering model Unibest-LT (Uniform Beach Sediment - Longshore Transport). The spatial and temporal coverage of these data offers a unique opportunity to carry out a comprehensive study of potential longshore transport intensity and direction.Over the 250 km-long stretch of coast covering the study area, the longshore drift directions computed with the 30-year mean wave climate closely match those of previous findings based on experimental geomorphological methods.Potential LST rates are then computed for each year individually over the 1979-2010 period. Deviations from the 30-year mean LST rates are used to identify 3 cases: positive anomalies, negative anomalies and close to normal. Storm contributions to longshore transport are brought into light: inter-annual variability in LST rates is strongly correlated to >4 m waves occurences.The relationship between LST rates gradients alongshore and shoreline changes is also investigated : despite the significant amout of papers on that subject, results showned in this thesis appears to be disappointing.In the light of these findings, coastal drift cell boundaries are defined taking into account the 30-year mean potential LST rates and the inter-annual variability. This thesis thus highlights the good potential of longshore transport modelling in yielding coherent results that are essential from a shoreline management perspective for future coastal sustainability
Gatti, Julie. "Intrusions du courant Nord méditerranéen sur la partie Est du plateau continental du Golfe du Lion." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22095.pdf.
Full textThe Mediterranean Northern Current (NC) is the northern branch of the general cyclonic circulation in the western Mediterranean basin. The NC flows southwestward along the Gulf of Lion (GoL) continental slope, from the Ligurian Sea to the Catalan Sea, and sometimes intrudes on the continental shelf. This PhD work focuses on describing and caracterizing the NC’s intrusions on the eastern part of the shelf, and identifying their generating processes, through both in situ measurements and numerical modelling. [. . . ]
Samat, Olivier. "Efficacité et impact des ouvrages en enrochement sur les plages microtidales : Le cas du Languedoc et du Delta du Rhône." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10007.
Full textBodiguel, Xavier. "Caractérisation et modélisation des processus de bioaccumulation des PCB chez le merlu (Merluccius merluccius) du golfe du Lion." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13520.
Full textUnderstanding bioaccumulation mechanisms of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a major issue for environmental risk assessment. In this work, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a model contaminant family, has been studied in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), a high trophic level species from the Gulf of Lions. High concentrations of PCBs were measured in hake from this area compared to those encountered in the population of the Bay of Biscay. PCB biomagnification was highlighted along its food web from marine phytoplankton, suggesting a strong influence of diet on contamination levels. The role of other biological processes was also apprehended in order to understand the high variability of observed levels. Thus, growth, sex, and also the degree of sexual maturity appear as major factors explaining the measured concentrations in fish. A PCB bioaccumulation model in the hake, based on the Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB), was developed. This approach is based on a bioenergetic model, reproducing the main physiological functions of an organism (feeding, growth and reproduction), coupled with a kinetic model of contaminants. The growth and evolution of contamination levels of several PCB congeners during the life of male and female hakes is satisfactorily simulated, both in the Gulf of Lions and in the Bay of Biscay, validating the processes taken into account. This combined modelling approach appears well adapted to study the fate of contaminants in fish, and paves the way for a realistic understanding of their effects on major biological functions of fish
Marion, Cédric. "Dynamique et bilans des transferts particulaires de radioéléments d’origine anthropique et naturelle dans le Golfe du Lion : cas particulier des apports rhodaniens." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1006.
Full textDue to its 30. 2 year half-life and of its great affinity with silts and clays, 137Cs was used as a Rhône River inputs tracer. Rhône prodelta sediments recorded values of 137Cs activities originated by nuclear power plants releases, global fallout and Tchernobyl accident (600 Bq. Kg-1). A sharp decrease in liquid radioactive effluents releases and the dismantlement of the Marcoule fuel reprocessing plant in 1997 induced 137Cs fluxes decrease to the Mediterranean Sea. At present time, mean concentrations are around 10 Bq. Kg-1 in the prodelta sediments. Sedimentary records of oceanographic campaigns achieved between 2001 and 2008 enabled to map a 20 km² 137Cs accumulation area close to the Rhône River mouth and to estimate a store of 3. 35 TBq, i. E. The eighth of the Gulf of Lions store. The CARMA and EXTREMA projects (2006-2008) allowed to observe prodelta sedimentation. Short-live radionuclides like 7Be and 234Th were used to estimate sedimentary pluridecimetric thicknesses deposits generated by some Rhône River floods. Altimeter data showed 8 cm thick sediment total accretion during two mean floods recorded by a current profiler. They also showed an important erosion phase linked to a south-east swell episode with a bottom shear stress reaching 5 Pa. Results showed that the sediment remobilization was very important in this area but that the exports of suspended solid matters towards the Gulf of Lions were weak, or even deposited in fine on the prodelta
Lofi, Johanna. "La crise de salinité messinienne : conséquences directes et différées sur l'évolution sédimentaire de la marge du Golfe du Lion." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-45.pdf.
Full textRadakovitch, Olivier. "Etude du transfert et du dépôt du matériel particulaire par le 210 Po et le 210 Pb : application aux marges continentales du Golfe de Gascogne (NE Atlantique) et du Golfe de Lion (NW Méditerranée) par Olivier Radakovitch." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0212.
Full textHu, Ziyuan. "Structures tourbillonnaires à l'ouest du golfe du Lion : modélisation numérique et mesures en mer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22012.
Full textIn the western part of the Gulf of Lion, Millot (1979, 1982) had postulated the presence of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies. As already well studied in the open ocean, such structures could also play, in the coastal zone, an important role on the circulation and biogeochemistry, as well as on the coastal-offshore exchanges of energy and mass. The objectives of this PhD thesis is to characterize the anticyclonic eddies present in the western part of the Gulf of Lion and to understand their generation processes, using in a combined way numerical modelling and in situ measurements. The numerical model SYMPHONIE is used to simulate realistically the circulation of the Gulf of Lion, in order to help us understand the dynamics of such structures. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out, varying the model spatial resolution and the horizontal viscosity, to choose the best model configuration. A wavelet technique is applied on model outputs to identify eddies and estimate their characteristics (duration, size...). The numerical results have been used to set up the sampling strategy of the LATEX cruises and help us interpret in situ data. The analysis of the measurements collected during Latex08 (September 1-6 , 2008) confirmed the presence of an anticyclonic eddy in the western part of the Gulf of Lion and showed that its features agree with the ones of the simulated eddy. These in situ data, combined with the modeling results, allow us to better understand the eddies' dynamics. Thanks to a long period simulation (2001-2008) with the appropriate model configuration, we studied the repetitiveness and variability of the eddies, as well as their generation processes. Modeling results showed that during the 8 years of simulation, coastal anticyclonic eddies are present regularly, from May to October, in the western part of the Gulf of Lion with a life duration varying from several days to more than two months. The eddies with a life duration longer than 15 days need two conditions to be generated: a persistent and strong northwest wind and a strong stratification. Annual and interannual differences between the eddies present in the 8 years of simulation can be explained by varying the intensity of each of the two conditions
Allou, Alexandre. "Etude expérimentale des instabilités méso à sub-méso échelle du courant Nord Méditerranéen." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22056.pdf.
Full textMatters fluxes have been studied in details for a long time because they control biogeochemical fluxes which influence marine ecosystems. The knowledge of the path and the dilution of contaminants is made critical in case of sea pollution problems. Oneof the major processes which controls matter flux is the coastal exchanges through the continental shelf vy vortices. Two zlgorithms of detection and identification of vortex parameters were developed, taking into account the specificities of the study. The first one, validated by radar maps acting as a reference, is based on a classical kinmatic method, the second one, which could be improved is based on a time-frequency analysis of velocities time series. ECOLOPHY campaigns enaled us to identify submesoscale vortices. Most of them were confrimed by the analysis of the horizontal end vertical temperature field. They are located between the Nothern Current and the coast, their diameter size anges from 12 to 28 km
Dufois, François. "Modélisation du transport particulaire dans le Golfe du Lion en vue d'une application au devenir des traceurs radioactifs issus du Rhône." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441198.
Full textMikolajczak, Guillaume. "Dynamique de l'eau et des apports particulaires originaires du Rhône sur la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5424/.
Full textThe continental shelves are the outlet of rivers and their sediment load resulting from continental erosion. Due to the anthropization of watersheds, rivers also carry contaminants, most of which, in particulate form, are fixed to fine sedimentary particles. The filtering role of the continental shelves with regard to these inputs is poorly known and strongly depends on the morphological, hydrodynamic and river regime characteristics of the site. The Gulf of Lions is an area whose functioning with regard to river inputs has been intensely studied for several decades. Easterly storms have been recognized as an essential component of transport across the Gulf of Lions shelf. They induce strong southwesterward currents that export coastal waters out of the Gulf of Lions to the Spanish margin, as well as swells that resuspend sediment. The first objective of this thesis is to study the fate of the Rhône's inputs to the Gulf of Lions and more precisely to determine the residence times of river water on the shelf in response to physical forcings. The second objective is to study the dynamics of sediment budgets in the Gulf, in terms of storage and erosion for different regions of the shelf, but also of transfer between these regions, and finally of export to the slope and the Spanish continental margin. The methodology used is based on hydro-sedimentary numerical modelling and relies on innovative observation sets. The numerical tool is based on the coupling of the 3D SYMPHONIE model with the WW3 sea state model and the MUSTANG sediment transport model. The abundance of observations during the winter 2010-2011 motivated the choice to carry out the numerical modelling from September 2010 to May 2011. The observations are constitued of permanent moorings on the shelf and many deployed intruments during the CASCADE campaign (March 2011). The thesis is organized in two parts. The first part deals with the residence times of water of Rhodanian origin on the Gulf of Lions shelf and its export outside the Gulf. The results show that the residence times can vary from 30 to 55 days with an important role of strong winds to reduce them. Export routes in southwest of the Gulf of Lions were then investigated. For this purpose, the end of the continental shelf, which opens towards the Spanish continental shelf, and the continental slope, which leads to the deep domain, were separated. Due to the mild winter under study, 70% of exports are toward the Spanish shelf, in contrast to previous results showing that for a cold winter this percentage corresponds to a transfer to great depths via the Cap de Creus canyon. The second part concerns the transfer of sediments. We then focus on the retention of matter on the Rhône prodelta. Over the 8 months considered, 20% of the contributions from the Rhône are stored over 140 km2 in front of the mouth. The sand deposit is limited to the 0-20 m zone while beyond 20 m, the deposit only concerns mud. In these deeper areas, storms erode a relatively small portion of the mud deposits and create new sand deposits. The second zone studied is the entire continental shelf on which erosive zones north of Cap d'Agde and an accumulation on the mudflat between Narbonne and Leucate, in the upper part of the Cap de Creus canyon and at the exit of the Gulf of Lions in front of Rosas Bay are highlighted. Finally, over the period studied, the export of matter out of the Gulf of Lion shelf is about 5.7 M tons for an input of 3.2 M tons by the Gulf of Lions rivers
André, Gaël. "Échanges côte-large à moyenne échelle au niveau de la pente continentale du Golfe du Lion : processus et modélisation." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0018.
Full textDynamics of water mass exchanges between the Gulf of Lions (GoL) and the open sea are driven by several physical processes, which influence circulation at several spacio-temporal scales. This study, based on a realistic modelling during two years, aims to bring a better knowledge of circulation and hydrodynamics processes occurring in the NW Mediterranean Sea and in the GoL. Firstly, the NW Mediterranean Basin circulation modelled during the year 2001 is compared with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) satellite measurements (AVHRR) and with the MEDATLAS climatology. These comparisons show a good agreement concerning surface patterns and seasonal variability of the large scale circulation. At lower scale, several processes influence circulation over the shelf and the GoL's continental slope. These processes are studied by comparing model results to SST and chlorophyll satellite measurements. Secondly, an improved modelling configuration had been used with in-situ measurements collected during the ECOLOPHY experiment (June - December 2005) to investigate the mesoscale variability generated on the onshore Northern Current (NC) front. The one-year time series of ADCP current measurements revealed that mesoscale activity strengthens during winter due to seasonal variability of the NC and to local wind effect. Current fluctuations evidenced by meanders and eddies, are attributed to baroclinic and barotropic instability processes. Finally, modelling test cases show that wind forcing and bathymetry influence the generation of these instabilities
Marin, Béatrice. "Répartition et fractionnement géochimique des éléments traces dans les sédiments marins : application à la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée Nord-Ouest, France)." Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0309.
Full textLanglais, Clothilde. "Étude de la variabilité interannuelle des échanges côte-large : simulation haute résolution de la dynamique du Golfe du Lion." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0030.
Full textQuestions of global change entail elucidation of the processes that determine the exchanges between coastal ocean and deep sea. Fluxes across, ocean shelves are dominated by complex coastal dynamics and in the microtidal site of the Gulf of Lions, mixing and dispersion are dominated by interactions between coastal processes (freshwater dynamics associated to the Rhône river discharge, coastal upwellings, dense water formation and cascading) and the North Mediterranean shelf current. To know how these processes operate and interact, a regional model of the Gulf of Lions has been integrated over the 10 year period 1990-2000. The model is based on the NEMO code, with a 1/64" resolution and 130 vertical z-levels. Two main objectives can be underlined. The numerical outputs allow us to investigate the interanmial variability of the coastal circulation and fluxes across the shelf break and then to strike a balance, of the exchanges at the Gulf of Lion's margin over a quasi-climatic period. Coastal modelling and forecasting is a major challenge for the scientific community, and this study allow us to evaluate the modelling ability of the NEMO code in a coastal and microtidal application
Morfin, Marie. "Dynamiques spatio-temporelles d'espèces démersales clés du golfe du Lion : bénéfices potentiels d’aires marines protégées." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20158.
Full textDemersal species represent 50% of French fisheries catches in theGulf of Lions, most of which are fully exploited, or overfished for decades. This thesis evaluates the relevance of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a tool for conservation and management of these populations. So far these areas have been implemented only along the coast to protect the very few mobile species. The problem is more complex for deep sea species because their habitat is broader and more diffuse. To do this, the spatial distribution of 12 key demersal species exploited were studied from 1994 to 2010, with scientific observations and ad hoc statistical tools. A geostatistical approach allowed to detect spatial autocorrelation structures for all species, and produce maps of annual distributions of each species. These distributions appeared very stable over 17 years, apart from a phenomenon of expansion/ contraction with the level of total abundance in the region. In addition, a generalized linear model approach revealed significant associations of these species to a temporally stable habitat. These results are consistent with MacCall basin theory, according which habitat suitability is a density-dependent thus the increase of individuals in an area make them colonize sub-optimal habitats. An optimal habitat under protection could thus be "source" habitat, if the area is carefully chosen. Indeed reporting the fishing effort outside the MPA can instead make this measure ineffective or deleterious. The adult population were generally in more concentrated areas and included in the spatial range of juveniles. These common areas of essential habitat (breeding and nursery) may be potentially interesting to protect a single species . However, the heterogeneity of distributions of a species to another involves the introduction of very sparse areas, making the management difficult. However an area of reasonable size has been identified, covering 20% of the population of each species and representative of the diversity of bottom habitats in the region
Taillandier, Vincent. "Contrôle des conditions aux frontières ouvertes d'un modèle de circulation côtière avec une méthode variationnelle d'assimilation de données : application au Golfe du Lion." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002365.
Full textDumas, Chloé. "Impact of extreme events on particulate trace metal transfer from the continent to the deep sea." Perpignan, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01164554.
Full textCasado, Lopez Alberto. "Simulation du climat en Méditerranée dans un modèle couplé régional." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066699.
Full textHigueras, Marina. "Impact of eastern storm on the transfert of particulate organic matter in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean sea)." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1240.
Full textRivers represent the primary pathway for particulate organic matter (POM) transport from continent to the continental shelf and are capable of discharging significant amounts of this organic matter during the occurrence of short but violent flash flood events, commonly associated with eastern storms. Terrestrial matter delivered by rivers during flash flood events is stored into continental shelf. Then, hydrodynamic conditions occurring at the shelf are capable of transferring this matter to the deep sea along submarine canyons. This study has allowed to simultaneously assess the variations of the quantity and origin of the POM in several rivers discharging into the NW Mediterranean Sea during a flash flood event, in the settling particles of two sediment traps deployed into the southern flank of the Cap de Creus canyon; and in the surficial sediments along 4 transects perpendicular to the continental shelf during March 2011. The obtained results will help us to understand land-sea exchanges
Duchez, Aurélie. "Contrôle du courant Nord Méditerranéen dans le golfe du Lion : une approche par simulation du système d’observation." Thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0005.
Full textOcean circulation in the Gulf of Lions is both influenced by intense atmospheric forcings and the North Mediterranean Current (NMC). A 1/16◦ configuration of the Gulf of Lions has been used to represent the complex dynamics of this area but does not allow a correct modeling of the NMC. We have used the SEEK filter data assimilation method to combine the information contained in the model and the one coming from synthetic in situ and altimetric observations (from SARAL-AltiKa altimeter). Those observations have been extracted from a realist 1/64◦ configuration of the Gulf of Lions. To assess the quality of results, statistical and physical diagnostics have been developed and show a good quality of the experiment. Thanks to a better representation of this current at the surface and at depth as well as its mesoscale activity, we have managed to improve the quantity of cross shelf exchanges. Consequently, we have managed to improve shelf water characteristics, which have thus allowed the formation of dense waters in winter, their convection and cascading over the shelf break. Rhône river plume characteristics have also been improved thanks to data assimilation. We have finally shown that assimilating those new kinds of observations in operational systems should allow the control of small scale processes closed to the coast that are not controlled with present observational systems
Queiros, Quentin. "Mechanisms underlying the bottom-up control of sardine populations in the Gulf of Lions : insights from experiments and modeling." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG073.
Full textThe Gulf of Lions has faced a sharp drop in the catches of its two main small pelagic exploited species, the sardine Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus since the mid-2000s, despite both population abundances remaining high. This situation has been due to a severe decrease in individual body condition and size as a result of both lower growth and the disappearance of the oldest and largest individuals. While overfishing, predation or disease outbreaks have been refuted to explain this situation, one major hypothesis remained to be investigated. A potential shift in sardine and anchovy diet towards smaller planktonic prey indeed suggested bottom-up control as the main driver of these populations in the Gulf of Lions. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate whether bottom-up processes could explain the changes in sardine growth and condition through changes in both food size and/or quantity and to understand the behavioral and physiological mechanisms involved in this control. The second objective of this PhD thesis was to identify the potential underlying drivers leading to adult overmortality. To do so, we combined an experimental approach on wild sardines maintained in captivity with a modeling approach. Experimentations showed that body condition, growth and storage lipids were significantly impacted by both food size and quantity. Thus, sardines fed on small particles needed to consume twice as much as those feeding on large particles to achieve the same condition and growth. Such results seemed to be linked to higher energy expenditures of sardines while filtering small prey compared to particulate feeding on large prey (sardines being able to shift between two feeding modes according to the prey size). Moreover, our results suggested several adaptations to cope with small food and caloric restriction. The study of the gill raker apparatus involved in the filtration of small prey suggested an increase of the filtration capacity for a given length between 2007-2009 and 2016. Then, sardines fed on small particles exhibited higher mitochondria efficiency and abundance suggesting energy-saving adaptation. Finally, sardines accustomed to feed on small pellets showed lower activity to limit energy expenditure. Nevertheless, all these strategies might incur other costs or may not be enough to compensate the high energy demands of filtration on small prey, as growth and condition remained lower for sardines filtering small prey in all our experiments. Further, sardines fed on large pellets exhibited higher spawning frequency than sardines fed with the same quantity of small ones. The low egg production of these sardines might be explained by a too high body condition of these individuals to observe a change in energy trade-off towards reproduction. For the same reasons, small particle meals did not seem to impact their immunity and stress, leucocyte and cortisol concentrations being similar whatever the feeding treatment. Furthermore, to investigate the hypothesis of adult overmortality, we first studied whether individual could die from starvation and low body reserves. The survival probability sharply decreased when the body condition index became lower than 0.75 and the threshold of 0.72 was identified as the entry in phase III of fasting. While the proportion of sardines reaching such thresholds in the wild remains low, it still increased two-fold in the recent period, reaching about 10% in winter months. A DEB model parameterized using a combination of in-situ and experimental data suggested a lower survival probability for larger fish. Individuals larger than 14 cm, i.e. older than 2-3 years, had a lower than 50 % probability to survive 1 month after the reproduction period. In conclusion, these previous results comforted the two hypotheses of a bottom-up control and an overmortality of adult sardines after reproduction to explain the dynamic and demographic truncation of the sardine population