Journal articles: 'Geomorphic processes'

1

Turcotte, Donald L. "Modeling geomorphic processes." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 77, no. 1-3 (October 1994): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(94)90136-8.

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2

Burtin, A., N. Hovius, and J. M. Turowski. "Seismic monitoring of geomorphic processes." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2014): 1217–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1217-2014.

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Abstract. In seismology, the signal is usually analysed for earthquake data, but these represent less than 1% of continuous recording. The remaining data are considered as seismic noise and were for a long time ignored. Over the past decades, the analysis of seismic noise has constantly increased in popularity, and this has led to develop new approaches and applications in geophysics. The study of continuous seismic records is now open to other disciplines, like geomorphology. The motion of mass at the Earth's surface generates seismic waves that are recorded by nearby seismometers and can be used to monitor its transfer through the landscape. Surface processes vary in nature, mechanism, magnitude and space and time, and this variability can be observed in the seismic signals. This contribution aims to give an overview of the development and current opportunities for the seismic monitoring of geomorphic processes. We first describe the common principles of seismic signal monitoring and introduce time-frequency analysis for the purpose of identification and differentiation of surface processes. Second, we present techniques to detect, locate and quantify geomorphic events. Third, we review the diverse layout of seismic arrays and highlight their advantages and limitations for specific processes, like slope or channel activity. Finally, we illustrate all these characteristics with the analysis of seismic data acquired in a small debris-flow catchment where geomorphic events show interactions and feedbacks. Further developments must aim to fully understand the richness of the continuous seismic signals, to better quantify the geomorphic activity and improve the performance of warning systems. Seismic monitoring may ultimately allow the continuous survey of erosion and transfer of sediments in the landscape on the scales of external forcing.

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3

Timofeyev, D. A. "PRINCIPLES OF GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES CLASSIFICATION." Geomorphology RAS, no. 4 (August 25, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0435-4281-2004-4-16-20.

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4

Malinowski, J. "Aridic soils and geomorphic processes." Geoderma 37, no. 3 (July 1986): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(86)90055-8.

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5

Warburton, Jeff. "Energenetics of Alpine Proglacial Geomorphic Processes." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 18, no. 2 (1993): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622362.

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6

Wendland, Wayne M. "Climate changes: impacts on geomorphic processes." Engineering Geology 45, no. 1-4 (December 1996): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7952(96)00021-x.

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7

Yang, Xiaoping, and Andrew Goudie. "Geomorphic processes and palaeoclimatology in deserts." Quaternary International 175, no. 1 (December 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.021.

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8

Malanson, George P., David R. Butler, and Konstantine P. Georgakakos. "Nonequilibrium geomorphic processes and deterministic chaos." Geomorphology 5, no. 3-5 (August 1992): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(92)90011-c.

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9

Hupp, Cliff R., and W. R. Osterkamp. "Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphic processes." Geomorphology 14, no. 4 (January 1996): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(95)00042-4.

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10

Olav, SLAYMAKER. "The implications of disconnectivity for the study of contemporary geomorphic processes." Revista de Geomorfologie 19, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21094/rg.2017.008.

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The emphasis on the understanding of contemporary geomorphic processes that has dominated Anglophone geomorphological literature over the past 50 years has seen huge progress but also some set-backs. We now have reliable measurements of mean rates of operation of all subaerial processes responsible for modification of landforms and landscapes and have made good progress in estimating the role of human activities as compared with “natural” processes. Some limited progress has been achieved in understanding the scale problem but problems remain. Perhaps the single most surprising development has been the recognition of the ubiquity of disconnectivity in geomorphic systems, the need to calculate virtual velocities of whole geomorphic systems and the relevance of this understanding to the general spatio-temporal scale problem. We have always known that most geomorphic processes operate intermittently but we have continued to depend on models that imply that mass and energy move freely through geomorphic systems and that conservation of mass and energy occurrs uninterruptedly at all temporal and spatial scales.

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11

Jones, David K. C., and Olav Slaymaker. "Geomorphic Hazards." Geographical Journal 163, no. 3 (November 1997): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059739.

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12

Asoyan, D. S. "RECENT HAZARDOUS GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES ON GREAT CAUCASUS." Geomorphology RAS, no. 3 (July 16, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0435-4281-2007-3-24-37.

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13

Heimsath, Arjun M., and Todd A. Ehlers. "Quantifying rates and timescales of geomorphic processes." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30, no. 8 (2005): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1253.

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14

Crozier, M. J. "The frequency and magnitude of geomorphic processes and landform behaviour." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplement Volumes 115 (July 1, 1999): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfgsuppl/115/1999/35.

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15

Burtin, Arnaud, Niels Hovius, and Jens M. Turowski. "Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-285-2016.

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Abstract. In seismology, the signal is usually analysed for earthquake data, but earthquakes represent less than 1 % of continuous recording. The remaining data are considered as seismic noise and were for a long time ignored. Over the past decades, the analysis of seismic noise has constantly increased in popularity, and this has led to the development of new approaches and applications in geophysics. The study of continuous seismic records is now open to other disciplines, like geomorphology. The motion of mass at the Earth's surface generates seismic waves that are recorded by nearby seismometers and can be used to monitor mass transfer throughout the landscape. Surface processes vary in nature, mechanism, magnitude, space and time, and this variability can be observed in the seismic signals. This contribution gives an overview of the development and current opportunities for the seismic monitoring of geomorphic processes. We first describe the common principles of seismic signal monitoring and introduce time–frequency analysis for the purpose of identification and differentiation of surface processes. Second, we present techniques to detect, locate and quantify geomorphic events. Third, we review the diverse layout of seismic arrays and highlight their advantages and limitations for specific processes, like slope or channel activity. Finally, we illustrate all these characteristics with the analysis of seismic data acquired in a small debris-flow catchment where geomorphic events show interactions and feedbacks. Further developments must aim to fully understand the richness of the continuous seismic signals, to better quantify the geomorphic activity and to improve the performance of warning systems. Seismic monitoring may ultimately allow the continuous survey of erosion and transfer of sediments in the landscape on the scales of external forcing.

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16

Yuan, Shuang, Qiang Xu, Kuanyao Zhao, Xuan Wang, Qi Zhou, Wanlin Chen, Chuanhao Pu, Huajin Li, and Pinglang Kou. "Loess tableland geomorphic classification criteria and evolutionary pattern using multiple geomorphic parameters." CATENA 217 (October 2022): 106493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106493.

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17

Lausch, Angela, Michael E. Schaepman, Andrew K. Skidmore, Eusebiu Catana, Lutz Bannehr, Olaf Bastian, Erik Borg, et al. "Remote Sensing of Geomorphodiversity Linked to Biodiversity—Part III: Traits, Processes and Remote Sensing Characteristics." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092279.

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Remote sensing (RS) enables a cost-effective, extensive, continuous and standardized monitoring of traits and trait variations of geomorphology and its processes, from the local to the continental scale. To implement and better understand RS techniques and the spectral indicators derived from them in the monitoring of geomorphology, this paper presents a new perspective for the definition and recording of five characteristics of geomorphodiversity with RS, namely: geomorphic genesis diversity, geomorphic trait diversity, geomorphic structural diversity, geomorphic taxonomic diversity, and geomorphic functional diversity. In this respect, geomorphic trait diversity is the cornerstone and is essential for recording the other four characteristics using RS technologies. All five characteristics are discussed in detail in this paper and reinforced with numerous examples from various RS technologies. Methods for classifying the five characteristics of geomorphodiversity using RS, as well as the constraints of monitoring the diversity of geomorphology using RS, are discussed. RS-aided techniques that can be used for monitoring geomorphodiversity in regimes with changing land-use intensity are presented. Further, new approaches of geomorphic traits that enable the monitoring of geomorphodiversity through the valorisation of RS data from multiple missions are discussed as well as the ecosystem integrity approach. Likewise, the approach of monitoring the five characteristics of geomorphodiversity recording with RS is discussed, as are existing approaches for recording spectral geomorhic traits/ trait variation approach and indicators, along with approaches for assessing geomorphodiversity. It is shown that there is no comparable approach with which to define and record the five characteristics of geomorphodiversity using only RS data in the literature. Finally, the importance of the digitization process and the use of data science for research in the field of geomorphology in the 21st century is elucidated and discussed.

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18

Wohl, Ellen. "Geomorphic context in rivers." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318776488.

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Geomorphic context refers to the geomorphic setting of a river reach, which is defined as a length of river with consistent valley and channel geometry. Context includes spatial dimensions of geometry, location within a drainage basin, and location within a global context. Context also includes temporal dimensions of the frequency and duration of specific processes influencing the river reach and the historical sequence of natural and human-induced processes that continue to influence process and form in the river reach. These spatial and temporal characteristics interact to create a geomorphic context that governs the contemporary form of the river corridor, the rates and processes by which diverse materials move through the corridor, and the adjustments of form and process in response to disturbances. Context matters for both basic understanding and effective management of river corridors. Examples of widely used formal articulations of geomorphic context include a bedform-based classification of mountain streams, geomorphic process domains, and river styles. Each has been applied to understanding and predicting longitudinal variations in stream power, sediment budgets, habitat and biotic communities, resilience to disturbance, and other characteristics of rivers. The three Cs of rivers—complexity (or spatial heterogeneity), connectivity, and context—provide a conceptual framework for river research and management.

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19

Nyberg, Rolf. "Geomorphic processes at snowpatch sites in the Abisko mountains, northern Sweden." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 35, no. 3 (September 19, 1991): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/35/1991/321.

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20

Garcia-Ruiz, Jose M., Bernardo Alvera, Gabriel Del Barrio, and Juan Puigdefabregas. "Geomorphic Processes above Timberline in the Spanish Pyrenees." Mountain Research and Development 10, no. 3 (August 1990): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673600.

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21

Sornette, Didier, and Yi-Cheng Zhang. "Non-linear Langevin model of geomorphic erosion processes." Geophysical Journal International 113, no. 2 (May 1993): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1993.tb00894.x.

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22

Nichols, Kyle K., Paul R. Bierman, W. Ross Foniri, Alan R. Gillespie, Marc Caffee, and Robert Finkel. "Dates and rates of arid region geomorphic processes." GSA Today 16, no. 8 (2006): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/gsat01608.1.

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23

Schmidt, Kevin M., Maiana N. Hanshaw, James F. Howle, and Jonathan D. Stock. "Rainfall, runoff, and post-wildfire geomorphic transport processes." Quaternary International 310 (October 2013): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.07.111.

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24

Scheidegger, A. E. "Hazards: singularities in geomorphic systems." Geomorphology 10, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(94)90005-1.

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25

Phillips, Jonathan D. "Sources of nonlinearity and complexity in geomorphic systems." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp340ra.

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Nonlinearity is common in geomorphology, though not present or relevant in every geomorphic problem. It is often ignored, sometimes to the detriment of understanding surface processes and landforms. Nonlinearity opens up possibilities for complex behavior that are not possible in linear systems, though not all nonlinear systems are complex. Complex nonlinear dynamics have been documented in a number of geomorphic systems, thus nonlinear complexity is a characteristic of real-world landscapes, not just models. In at least some cases complex nonlinear dynamics can be directly linked to specific geomorphic processes and controls. Nonlinear complexities pose obstacles for some aspects of prediction in geomorphology, but provide opportunities and tools to enhance predictability in other respects. Methods and theories based on or grounded in complex nonlinear dynamics are useful to geomorphologists. These nonlinear frameworks can explain some phenomena not otherwise explained, provide better or more appropriate analytical tools, improve the interpretation of historical evidence and usefully inform modeling, experimental design, landscape management and environmental policy. It is also clear that no nonlinear formalism (and, as of yet, no other formalism) provides a universal meta-explanation for geomorphology. The sources of nonlinearity in geomorphic systems largely represent well-known geomorphic processes, controls and relationships that can be readily observed. A typology is presented, including thresholds, storage effects, saturation and depletion, self-reinforcing feedback, self-limiting processes, competitive feedbacks, multiple modes of adjustment, self-organization and hysteresis.

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26

Tarolli, Paolo, Wenfang Cao, Giulia Sofia, Damian Evans, and Erle C. Ellis. "From features to fingerprints: A general diagnostic framework for anthropogenic geomorphology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 1 (February 2019): 95–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318825284.

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Human societies have been reshaping the geomorphology of landscapes for thousands of years, producing anthropogenic geomorphic features ranging from earthworks and reservoirs to settlements, roads, canals, ditches and plough furrows that have distinct characteristics compared with landforms produced by natural processes. Physical geographers have long recognized the widespread importance of these features in altering landforms and geomorphic processes, including hydrologic flows and stores, to processes of soil erosion and deposition. In many of the same landscapes, archaeologists have also utilized anthropogenic geomorphic features to detect and analyse human societal activities, including symbolic formations, agricultural systems, settlement patterns and trade networks. This paper provides a general framework aimed at integrating geophysical and archaeological approaches to observing, identifying and interpreting the full range of anthropogenic geomorphic features based on their structure and functioning, both individually and as components of landscape-scale management strategies by different societies, or “sociocultural fingerprints”. We then couple this framework with new algorithms developed to detect anthropogenic geomorphic features using precisely detailed three-dimensional reconstructions of landscape surface structure derived from LiDAR and computer vision photogrammetry. Human societies are now transforming the geomorphology of landscapes at increasing rates and scales across the globe. To understand the causes and consequences of these transformations and contribute to building sustainable futures, the science of physical geography must advance towards empirical and theoretical frameworks that integrate the natural and sociocultural forces that are now the main shapers of Earth’s surface processes.

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27

Xiang, Jie, Shi Li, Keyan Xiao, Jianping Chen, Giulia Sofia, and Paolo Tarolli. "Quantitative Analysis of Anthropogenic Morphologies Based on Multi-Temporal High-Resolution Topography." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121493.

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Human activities have reshaped the geomorphology of landscapes and created vast anthropogenic geomorphic features, which have distinct characteristics compared with landforms produced by natural processes. High-resolution topography from LiDAR has opened avenues for the analysis of anthropogenic geomorphic signatures, providing new opportunities for a better understanding of Earth surface processes and landforms. However, quantitative identification and monitoring of such anthropogenic signature still represent a challenge for the Earth science community. The purpose of this contribution is to explore a method for monitoring geomorphic changes and identifying the driving forces of such changes. The study was carried out on the Eibar watershed in Spain. The proposed method is able to quantitatively detect anthropogenic geomorphic changes based on multi-temporal LiDAR topography, and it is based on a combination of two techniques: the DEM of Difference (DoD) and the Slope Local Length of Auto-correlation (SLLAC). First, we tested the capability of the SLLAC and derived parameters to distinguish different types of anthropogenic geomorphologies in 5 study case at a small scale. Second, we calculated the DoD to quantify the geomorphic changes between 2008 and 2016. Based on the proposed approach, we classified the whole basin into three categories of geomorphic changes (natural, urban or mosaic areas). The urban area had the most clustered and largest geomorphic changes, followed by the mosaic area and the natural area. This research might help to identify and monitoring anthropogenic geomorphic changes over large areas, to schedule sustainable environmental planning, and to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic alteration.

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Zhao, Weidong, Guoan Tang, Lei Ma, Jitang Zhao, Wan Zhou, Jian Tian, and Xiaoli Huang. "Digital elevation model-based watershed geomorphic entropy for the study of landscape evolution of a watershed geomorphic system in the loess landforms of China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 2 (October 24, 2016): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316669091.

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Although the concept of entropy in landscape evolution was proposed over 40 years ago, previous studies of geomorphic entropy paid little attention to the applications of geomorphic entropy in the erosional watershed geomorphic system on the Loess Plateau in China. Therefore, we propose a new concept of entropy called watershed geomorphic entropy (WGE) and its method of calculation based on a digital elevation model and the principles of system theory. To study the geomorphic significances of WGE, we applied the WGE to an artificial rainfall experiment that was originally designed to study erosional processes in a small open watershed geomorphic system on the Loess Plateau. Our study shows that the decrease of WGE in an open watershed geomorphic system means a gradual erosional or erosion-dominated landscape evolutional process and the change of WGE shows a perfectly positive linear correlation with the measured sediment yields of the outlet of the watershed system under our experimental conditions. In addition, to some extent, the decrease of the change of WGE also reflects the reduction of total potential energy of a specific erosional, or erosion-dominated, open watershed geomorphic system.

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29

Seldomridge, E. D., and K. L. Prestegaard. "Use of geomorphic, hydrologic, and nitrogen mass balance data to model ecosystem nitrate retention in tidal freshwater wetlands." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 1407–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-1407-2012.

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Abstract. Geomorphic characteristics have been used as scaling parameters to predict water and other fluxes in many systems. In this study, we combined geomorphic analysis with in-situ mass balance studies of nitrate retention (NR) to evaluate which geomorphic scaling parameters best predicted NR in a tidal freshwater wetland ecosystem. Geomorphic characteristics were measured for 267 individual marshes that constitute the freshwater tidal wetland ecosystem of the Patuxent River, Maryland. Nitrate retention was determined from mass balance measurements conducted at the inlets of marshes of varying size (671, 5705, and 536 873 m2) over a period of several years. Mass balance measurements indicate that NR is proportional to total water flux over the tidal cycle. Relationships between estimated tidal prism (total water volume) for spring tides and various geomorphic parameters (marsh area, total channel length, and inlet width) were defined and compared to field data. From these data, NR equations were determined for each geomorphic parameter, and used to estimate NR for all marshes in the ecosystem for a reference spring (high) tide. The resulting ecosystem NR estimates were evaluated for: (a) accuracy and completeness of geomorphic data, (b) relationship between the geomorphic parameters and hydrologic flux, and (c) the ability to adapt the geomorphic parameter to varying tidal conditions. This analysis indicated that inlet width data were the most complete and provided the best estimate of ecosystem nitrate retention. Predictions based on marsh area were significantly lower than the inlet width-based predictions. Cumulative probability distributions of nitrate retention indicate that the largest 3–4 % of the marshes retained half of the total nitrate for the ecosystem.

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Seldomridge, E. D., and K. L. Prestegaard. "Use of geomorphic, hydrologic, and nitrogen mass balance data to model ecosystem nitrate retention in tidal freshwater wetlands." Biogeosciences 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2012): 2661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2661-2012.

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Abstract. Geomorphic characteristics have been used as scaling parameters to predict water and other fluxes in many systems. In this study, we combined geomorphic analysis with in-situ mass balance studies of nitrate retention (NR) to evaluate which geomorphic scaling parameters best predicted NR in a tidal freshwater wetland ecosystem. Geomorphic characteristics were measured for 267 individual marshes that constitute the freshwater tidal wetland ecosystem of the Patuxent River, Maryland. Nitrate retention was determined from mass balance measurements conducted at the inlets of marshes of varying size (671, 5705, and 536 873 m2) over a period of several years. Mass balance measurements indicate that NR is proportional to total water flux over the tidal cycle. Relationships between estimated tidal prism (calculated water volume) for spring tides and various geomorphic parameters (marsh area, total channel length, and inlet width) were defined using measurements from air photos and compared to field data. From these data, NR equations were determined for each geomorphic parameter, and used to estimate NR for all marshes in the ecosystem for a reference spring (high) tide. The resulting ecosystem NR estimates were evaluated for (a) accuracy and completeness of geomorphic data, (b) relationship between the geomorphic parameters and hydrologic flux, and (c) the ability to adapt the geomorphic parameter to varying tidal conditions. This analysis indicated that inlet width data were the most complete and provided the best estimate of ecosystem nitrate retention. Predictions based on marsh area were significantly lower than the inlet width-based predictions. Cumulative probability distributions of nitrate retention indicate that the largest 3–4% of the marshes retained half of the total nitrate for the ecosystem.

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31

Dean, David J., and John C. Schmidt. "The geomorphic effectiveness of a large flood on the Rio Grande in the Big Bend region: Insights on geomorphic controls and post-flood geomorphic response." Geomorphology 201 (November 2013): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.06.020.

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32

Phillips, J. D. "Evolutionary geomorphology: thresholds and nonlinearity in landform response to environmental change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 2 (April 4, 2006): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-365-2006.

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Abstract. Geomorphic systems are typically nonlinear, owing largely to their threshold-dominated nature (but due to other factors as well). Nonlinear geomorphic systems may exhibit complex behaviors not possible in linear systems, including dynamical instability and deterministic chaos. The latter are common in geomorphology, indicating that small, short-lived changes may produce disproportionately large and long-lived results; that evidence of geomorphic change may not reflect proportionally large external forcings; and that geomorphic systems may have multiple potential response trajectories or modes of adjustment to change. Instability and chaos do not preclude predictability, but do modify the context of predictability. The presence of chaotic dynamics inhibits or excludes some forms of predicability and prediction techniques, but does not preclude, and enables, others. These dynamics also make spatial and historical contingency inevitable: geography and history matter. Geomorphic systems are thus governed by a combination of ''global'' laws, generalizations and relationships that are largely (if not wholly) independent of time and place, and ''local'' place and/or time-contingent factors. The more factors incorporated in the representation of any geomorphic system, the more singular the results or description are. Generalization is enhanced by reducing rather than increasing the number of factors considered. Prediction of geomorphic responses calls for a recursive approach whereby global laws and local contingencies are used to constrain each other. More specifically a methodology whereby local details are embedded within simple but more highly general phenomenological models is advocated. As landscapes and landforms change in response to climate and other forcings, it cannot be assumed that geomorphic systems progress along any particular pathway. Geomorphic systems are evolutionary in the sense of being path dependent, and historically and geographically contingent. Assessing and predicting geomorphic responses obliges us to engage these contingencies, which often arise from nonlinear complexities. We are obliged, then, to practice evolutionary geomorphology: an approach to the study of surface processes and landforms with recognizes multiple possible historical pathways rathen than an inexorable progression toward some equilbribrium state or along a cyclic pattern.

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33

Stoffel, M., and M. Bollschweiler. "Tree-ring analysis in natural hazards research – an overview." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 2 (March 11, 2008): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-187-2008.

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Abstract. The understanding of geomorphic processes and knowledge of past events are important tasks for the assessment of natural hazards. Tree rings have on varied occasions proved to be a reliable tool for the acquisition of data on past events. In this review paper, we provide an overview on the use of tree rings in natural hazards research, starting with a description of the different types of disturbances by geomorphic processes and the resulting growth reactions. Thereafter, a summary is presented on the different methods commonly used for the analysis and interpretation of reactions in affected trees. We illustrate selected results from dendrogeomorphological investigations of geomorphic processes with an emphasis on fluvial (e.g., flooding, debris flows) and mass-movement processes (e.g., landslides, snow avalanche), where lots of data have been generated over the past few decades. We also present results from rockfall and permafrost studies, where data are much scarcer, albeit data from tree-ring studies have proved to be of great value in these fields as well. Most studies using tree rings have focused on alpine environments in Europe and North America, whereas other parts of the world have been widely neglected by dendrogeomorphologists so far. We therefore challenge researchers to focus on other regions with distinct climates as well, to look on less frequently studied processes as well and to broaden and improve approaches and methods commonly used in tree-ring research so as to allow a better understanding of geomorphic processes, natural hazards and risk.

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Brierley, Gary, and Miloš Stankoviansky. "Geomorphic responses to land use change." CATENA 51, no. 3-4 (April 2003): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(02)00163-7.

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35

Chaffin, Brian C., and Murray Scown. "Social-ecological resilience and geomorphic systems." Geomorphology 305 (March 2018): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.038.

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36

Birkeland, Peter W. "Soil-geomorphic research — a selective overview." Geomorphology 3, no. 3-4 (September 1990): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(90)90004-a.

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37

Phillips, Jonathan D. "Synchronization and scale in geomorphic systems." Geomorphology 137, no. 1 (January 2012): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.028.

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38

Davis, Lisa. "Spatial Patterns of Geomorphic Processes in Channelized Tributary Streams." Physical Geography 28, no. 4 (July 2007): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.28.4.301.

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39

Panin, Andrey V., and Maria A. Bronnikova. "Human dimensions of palaeoenvironmental change: Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology." Quaternary International 324 (March 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(14)00125-6.

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40

Tarolli, Paolo, and Giulia Sofia. "Human topographic signatures and derived geomorphic processes across landscapes." Geomorphology 255 (February 2016): 140–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.12.007.

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41

Brown, N. D. "Which geomorphic processes can be informed by luminescence measurements?" Geomorphology 367 (October 2020): 107296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107296.

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42

Sugden, David E., Michael A. Summerfield, and Timothy P. Burt. "Editorial: Linking Short-term Geomorphic Processes to Landscape Evolution." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, no. 3 (March 1997): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199703)22:3<193::aid-esp747>3.0.co;2-9.

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43

Burtin, A., N. Hovius, B. W. McArdell, J. M. Turowski, and J. Vergne. "Seismic constraints on dynamic links between geomorphic processes and routing of sediment in a steep mountain catchment." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 783–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-1-783-2013.

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Abstract. Landscape dynamics are determined by interactions amongst geomorphic processes. These interactions allow the effects of tectonic, climatic and seismic perturbations to propagate across topographic domains, and permit the impacts of geomorphic process events to radiate from their point of origin. Visual remote sensing and in situ observations do not fully resolve the spatiotemporal patterns of surface processes in a landscape. As a result, the mechanisms and scales of geomorphic connectivity are poorly understood. Because many surface processes emit seismic signals, seismology can determine their type, location and timing with a resolution that reveals the operation of integral landscapes. Using seismic records, we show how hillslopes and channels in an Alpine catchment are interconnected to produce evolving, sediment-laden flows. This is done for a convective storm, which triggered a sequence of hillslope processes and debris flows. We observe the evolution of these process events and explore the operation of two-way links between mass wasting and channel processes that are fundamental to the dynamics of most erosional landscapes. We also track the characteristics and propagation of flows along the debris flow channel, relating changes of observed energy to the deposition/mobilization of sediments, and using the spectral content of debris flow seismic signals to qualitatively infer sediment characteristics and channel abrasion potential. This seismological approach can help to test theoretical concepts of landscape dynamics, and yield understanding of the nature and efficiency of links between individual geomorphic processes that is required to accurately model landscape dynamics under changing tectonic or climatic conditions, and to anticipate the natural hazard risk associated with specific meteorological events.

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Burtin, A., N. Hovius, B. W. McArdell, J. M. Turowski, and J. Vergne. "Seismic constraints on dynamic links between geomorphic processes and routing of sediment in a steep mountain catchment." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-21-2014.

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Abstract. Landscape dynamics are determined by interactions amongst geomorphic processes. These interactions allow the effects of tectonic, climatic and seismic perturbations to propagate across topographic domains, and permit the impacts of geomorphic process events to radiate from their point of origin. Visual remote sensing and in situ observations do not fully resolve the spatiotemporal patterns of surface processes in a landscape. As a result, the mechanisms and scales of geomorphic connectivity are poorly understood. Because many surface processes emit seismic signals, seismology can determine their type, location and timing with a resolution that reveals the operation of integral landscapes. Using seismic records, we show how hillslopes and channels in an Alpine catchment are interconnected to produce evolving, sediment-laden flows. This is done for a convective storm, which triggered a sequence of hillslope processes and debris flows. We observe the evolution of these process events and explore the operation of two-way links between mass wasting and channel processes, which are fundamental to the dynamics of most erosional landscapes. We also track the characteristics and propagation of flows along the debris flow channel, relating changes of observed energy to the deposition/mobilization of sediments, and using the spectral content of debris flow seismic signals to qualitatively infer sediment characteristics and channel abrasion potential. This seismological approach can help to test theoretical concepts of landscape dynamics and yield understanding of the nature and efficiency of links between individual geomorphic processes, which is required to accurately model landscape dynamics under changing tectonic or climatic conditions and to anticipate the natural hazard risk associated with specific meteorological events.

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Miller, Jerry R., David Grow, and L. Scott Philyaw. "Influence of Historical Land-Use Change on Contemporary Channel Processes, Form, and Restoration." Geosciences 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11100423.

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Big Harris Creek, North Carolina, possesses a geomorphic history similar to many drainages in the southern Appalachian piedmont, and was used herein as a representative example of the influence of European settlement on contemporary channel form and processes. The integrated use of historical, dendrogeomorphic, stratigraphic, and cartographic data shows that the conversion of land-cover from a mix of natural conditions and small farms to commercial cotton production in the late 1800s and early 1900s led to significant upland soil erosion, gully formation, and the deposition of legacy sediments on the valley floor. Aggradation was followed by catchment-wide channel incision in the mid-1900s in response to reforestation and the implementation of soil conservation measures. Collectively, the responses form an aggradational-degradational episode (ADE) that produced the geomorphic framework for the contemporary processes operating along the drainage network. Defined, characterized, and mapped process zones (stream reaches of similar form and process) show that the type, intensity, and evolutionary sequence of geomorphic responses varied within the catchment as a function of the position along the drainage network, the erosional resistance of the underlying bedrock, and the valley characteristics (particularly width). Understanding the spatially variable influences of the ADE on contemporary, reach-scale geomorphic processes provides valuable insights for restoration as it helps inform practitioners of the sensitivity and ways in which the reach is likely to respond to future disturbances, the potential impacts of processes on proposed manipulations intended to achieve the project’s restoration goals, and the potential risk(s) involved with channel reconstruction. The latter is strongly controlled by geotechnical differences between erosionally resistant precolonial deposits and easily eroded legacy sediments that locally form the channel banks following the ADE.

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Hergarten, S., J. Robl, and K. Stüwe. "Extracting topographic swath profiles across curved geomorphic features." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2014): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-97-2014.

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Abstract. We present a new method to extend the widely used geomorphic technique of swath profiles towards curved geomorphic structures such as river valleys. In contrast to the established method that hinges on stacking parallel cross sections, our approach does not refer to any individual profile lines, but uses the signed distance from a given baseline (for example, a valley floor) as the profile coordinate. The method can be implemented easily for arbitrary polygonal baselines and for rastered digital elevation models as well as for irregular point clouds such as laser scanner data. Furthermore it does not require any smoothness of the baseline and avoids over- and undersampling due to the curvature of the baseline. The versatility of the new method is illustrated by its application to topographic profiles across valleys, a large subduction zone, and the rim of an impact crater. Similarly to the ordinary swath profile method, the new method is not restricted to analyzing surface elevations themselves, but can aid the quantitative description of topography by analyzing other geomorphic features such as slope or local relief. It is even not constrained to geomorphic data, but can be applied to any two-dimensional data set such as temperature, precipitation or ages of rocks.

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Butler, David R. "Geomorphic process-disturbance corridors: a variation on a principle of landscape ecology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 25, no. 2 (June 2001): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330102500204.

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The paradigm of landscape ecology describes a landscape as a mosaic of landscape elements including the matrix, patches and corridors. Corridors are described as linear disruptions to the matrix, produced by anthropogenic actions or by streams which produce riparian corridors. Snow avalanches and debris flows are other geomorphic processes that should be considered as geomorphic process corridors rather than as disturbance patches. They possess requisite linearity, and they accomplish the five functions of a corridor: habitat, conduit, filter, source and sink. The definition of corridor in landscape ecology should be modified to embrace the concept of geomorphic process corridors.

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Medina-Valmaseda, Alexis Enrique, Paul Blanchon, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, and Esmeralda Pérez-Cervantes. "Geomorphically controlled coral distribution in degraded shallow reefs of the Western Caribbean." PeerJ 10 (March 14, 2022): e12590. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12590.

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The development of coral reefs results from the interaction between ecological and geological processes in space and time. Their difference in scale, however, makes it difficult to detect the impact of ecological changes on geological reef development. The decline of coral cover over the last 50 years, for example, has dramatically impaired the function of ecological processes on reefs. Yet given the limited-resolution of their Holocene record, it is uncertain how this will impact accretion and structural integrity over longer timescales. In addition, reports of this ecological decline have focused on intrinsic parameters such as coral cover and colony size at the expense of extrinsic ones such as geomorphic and environmental variables. Despite these problems, several attempts have been made to predict the long-term accretion status of reefs based entirely on the contemporary health status of benthic communities. Here we explore how this ecological decline is represented within the reef geomorphic structure, which represents the long-term expression of reef development. Using a detailed geomorphic zonation scheme, we analyze the distribution and biodiversity of reef-building corals in fringing-reef systems of the Mesoamerican Reef tract. We find a depth-related pattern in community structure which shows that the relative species distribution between geomorphic zones is statistically different. Despite these differences, contemporary coral assemblages in all zones are dominated by the same group of pioneer generalist species. These findings imply that first, coral species distribution is still controlled by extrinsic processes that generate the geomorphic zonation; second, that coral biodiversity still reflects species zonation patterns reported by early studies; and third that dominance of pioneer species implies that modern coral assemblages are in a prolonged post-disturbance adjustment stage. In conclusion, any accurate assessment of the future viability of reefs requires a consideration of the geomorphic context or risks miscalculating the impact of ecological changes on long-term reef development.

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Lane, Belize A., Gregory B. Pasternack, Helen E. Dahlke, and Samuel Sandoval-Solis. "The role of topographic variability in river channel classification." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 570–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317718133.

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To date, subreach-scale variations in flow width and bed elevation have rarely been included in channel classifications. Variability in topographic features of rivers, however, in conjunction with sediment supply and discharge produces a mosaic of channel forms that provides unique habitats for sensitive aquatic species. In this study we investigated the utility of topographic variability attributes (TVAs) in distinguishing channel types and dominant channel formation and maintenance processes in montane and lowland streams of the Sacramento River basin, California, USA. A stratified random survey of 161 stream sites was performed to ensure balanced sampling across groups of stream reaches with expected similar geomorphic settings. For each site surveyed, width and depth variability were measured at baseflow and bankfull stages, and then incorporated in a channel classification framework alongside traditional reach-averaged geomorphic attributes (e.g., channel slope, width-to-depth, confinement, and dominant substrate) to evaluate the significance of TVAs in differentiating channel types. In contrast to more traditional attributes such as slope and contributing area, which are often touted as the key indicators of hydrogeomorphic processes, bankfull width variance emerged as a first-order attribute for distinguishing channel types. A total of nine channel types were distinguished for the Sacramento Basin consisting of both previously identified and new channel types. The results indicate that incorporating TVAs in channel classification provides a quantitative basis for interpreting nonuniform as well as uniform geomorphic processes, which can improve our ability to distinguish linked channel forms and processes of geomorphic and ecological significance.

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Thoms, M. C., H. Piégay, and M. Parsons. "What do you mean, ‘resilient geomorphic systems’?" Geomorphology 305 (March 2018): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Geomorphic processes'

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