Journal articles: 'Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS)'

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Xia, Xue, Yan Ru Zhong, Yu Chu Qin, and Liu Jing Ji. "Research on Operational Model of New-Generation GPS Based on Dynamic Description Logic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.702.

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Operation and Operator are the key technologies in the new-generation geometrical product specification and verification (GPS). In order to solve the geometrical specification problems of product functional requirements and the ambiguity problems of product specification, this paper utilizes a new method based on dynamic description logic to describe the fundamental concepts of geometrical specification. It analyzes the geometrical features of geometrical product functional specification. By establishing the model of the operations, describing the input and output parameters in the specification and verification process, and analyzing the preconditions and results of the executions of specification operator and verification operator, the paper simplifies the operation results and overcomes the shortcomings of ambiguity and inconsistency in product specification process. Finally, it takes the specification process of perpendicularity as an example to prove the feasibility and validity of this method.

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Maláková, Silvia, and Samuel Sivák. "GPS Application in the Design of Gearboxes." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 4 (October 14, 2022): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0037.

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Abstract The integrated geometrical product specification (GPS) system for workpiece geometry specification and verification is an improved engineering tool for product development and production. The goal of the GPS system is to provide tools for cost-effective management of variability in products and processes. This can be achieved by using a more precise way of expressing the functional requirements of the workpiece, complete and well-defined specifications and integrated verification approaches. The intended function of the product is ensured by controlling the geometry and material properties of the workpiece parts, which make up the product. GPS is a language just for checking geometry, and further development is based on computational mathematics and correct, consistent logic using general sets of rules that can be applied to all types of specifications. This article deals with the application of GPS rules in the design of gearboxes.

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Liu, Hui Fen, Mei Fa Huang, Lei Lei Chen, and Bo Shi. "On Generation of the Specification Model for Concentricity Based on Mathematical Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1481.

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Feature specifications are important composite parts in the new generation of geometrical product specifications and verification (GPS). According to the theories of specification model of shaft parts, this paper presents a method to generation of specification model of concentricity. Firstly, the mathematical model of concentricity is established in terms of nominal geometrical features of product for the parts the functional requirement are satisfied. Secondly, the simulation points of the model are generated by using the methods of axial stratification and circumferential multi-angles. The concentricity specification model could be generated after these operations of association and collection. Finally, an example is applied to illustrate the new method. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Li, Guo Wei, Wei Min Zhang, Peng Zhong Li, and Yi Zhou Zhu. "Computer Aided Geometric Tolerance Specification in 3D-CAD System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1238.

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Tolerance specification is the activity of specifying tolerances. In current 3D-CAD system, tolerance types and tolerance values are specified by designer manully, and the validity checking of tolerance is no available. To achieve semi-automatic tolerance specification, geometric feature in the next-generation Geometrical Product Specifications and Verification (GPS) was introduced, the corresponding rules between geometric features and tolerance types were presented; The recommended values for tolerance were stored in a database system and constrainted by tolerance principles. Additionally, the implementation of computer aided geometric tolerance specification was proposed. Finally, the initial prototype system was developed to demonstrate the proposed scheme, which aides designer to define reasonable tolerance types and tolerance values in 3D-CAD system.

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Toteva, Pavlina, and Krasimira Koleva. "Application of New Generation Geometrical Product Specifications in the practice in Small and Medium Sized enterprises." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929904006.

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The increasing development of modern methods of product manufacturing implies an improvement and a new approach to the modern drawing specification in design documentation for design requirements of different parts and assemblies. The ISO Technical Committee 213 has published 148 standards and 48 otherstandards are under development. These standards set out requirements for the accuracy of geometrical characteristics of products. They define requirements for the linear sizes, dimensions different than linear sizes as well as geometric deviations such as form, orientation, location deviations and run-out, and surface roughness and waviness. Ways of indication of these requirements in the drawings are discussed. Many standards are dedicated to the requirements for measuring these characteristics, to measuring instruments for linear sizes and geometrical characteristics. This report reviews the general concept of geometrical product specifications (GPSs), the GPS model, and new terminology by tolerancing linear sizes, geometrical specifications that facilitate communication between design manufacturing and verification and prevent ambiguous interpretation of requirements. Based on the metrological expertise of the drawings in a number of small and mediumsized enterprises, the degree of implementation of the new generation GPS standards and the problems related to it have been analysed.

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Qi, Q., X. Liu, and Xiang Qian Jiang. "A Surface Texture Information System Integrated with AutoCAD for Next Generation GPS." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.237.

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To meet the requirements of next generation Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS), a surface texture information system integrated with AutoCAD is developed. The information system mainly consists of three parts: a surface texture database containing large amount of surface texture specification information, inference algorithms and interfaces with AutoCAD, so that unambiguous, explicit and complete specification for design, manufacture and verification of surface texture can be provided in AutoCAD for function assurance.

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Du, Hai Qing, and Ya Zhang. "Uncertainty Estimation in Straightness Mini-Zone Verification Based on Improved GPS Standard System." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2063.

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Improved Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) is an internationally accepted standards system. It is the foundation of the technology standards and metrology specifications. Uncertainty is one of the most important concepts in improved GPS. In the improved GPS standards system, uncertainty is used as an economic tool to enable optimum allocation of resources amongst specification, manufacturing and verification. Estimation of uncertainty in measurement according to improved GPS can improve the reliability of the measurement. A method to estimate the uncertainty in straightness measurement is proposed according to the requirements of improved GPS standard system. Based on the mini-zone method and the transparent box model, the calculation equation of uncertainty in straightness measurement is deduced. The experiment indicates that this method may assure the integrity of the verification result and improve the reliability of measurement.

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Wang, Jin Xing, Xiang Qian Jiang, and Pan Wang. "A Calculation Method for Compliance Uncertainty of GPS Standard-Chain." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1642.

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The improved GPS (Geometrical Product Specification) system uses uncertainty as an economic tool to enable optimum allocation of resource amongst specification, manufacturing and verification. For a given GPS standard-chain, the key question is to calculate the compliance uncertainty. The determination of compliance uncertainty is a complex question because specification uncertainty and measurement uncertainty arise from many causes and propagate through the GPS standard-chain. A calculation method for compliance uncertainty of GPS standard-chain is proposed in this article. According to ISO 17450–2, a GPS process should be either in default state or special state. The biggest difference between the two states is that whether the specification operator is accordant with the verification operator. Aiming at the two states, the flow for the computation of compliance uncertainty is given respectively, and a case study is applied in default state. Results show it enables to generate compliance uncertainty on the verification of a GPS standard-chain, which makes the acceptance or refusal of GPS characteristic can be conducted in a quantitative way, so the veracity of verification could be improved.

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Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, and Shuyuan Ma. "New Generation Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) Backed Flatness Error Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01610010066.

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Measurement and verification are one of the prime stages in the entire course of geometrical products in new generation of geometrical product specifications (GPS) standard. Like other kinds of form tolerances, flatness error is one of the important characteristics affecting the functionality and quality of machined components; sufficient efforts have long been made to determine the flatness error close to the true value based on the minimum zone method (MZM) and still needs continual improvement. This paper presents real coded genetic algorithms referred as Efficient Genetic Algorithms (EGA) for flatness error based on minimum zone method having good precision, repeatability and fast convergence rate. This paper also presents evaluation procedure for measurement uncertainty in flatness error based on new generation geometrical product specifications (GPS). Uncertainty in flatness error has been determined and evaluation procedure is provided to prove the conformance or non-conformance by taking into account the uncertainty in measurement. The contributing factors in measurement uncertainties have been identified and then quantified. The flatness error and evaluation theory in this paper are in the framework of new generation GPS standard. Two practical examples have been presented to show the effectiveness of EGA and shed some light on the uncertainty evaluation theory based on new generation GPS standard.

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Wen, Xiu-Lan, Xiao-Chun Zhu, Yi-Bing Zhao, Dong-Xia Wang, and Feng-Lin Wang. "Flatness error evaluation and verification based on new generation geometrical product specification (GPS)." Precision Engineering 36, no. 1 (January 2012): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2011.07.006.

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Li, Cun Xia, and Rui Hai Ji. "Uncertainty Management of Flatness According to PUMA." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.489.

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Next generation of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) is the foundation of the technology standards and metrology specifications of mechanical and electric products. GPS estimation of uncertainty can make the results of verification of products reliable and can be compared globally. Flatness is an important geometrical feature of a product and has great influence to the product performance and assembly quality. The uncertainty in flatness three-dimensional measurements must be estimated according to GPS standards to assure the related functions of a product. According to t ISO/TS 14253-2, a calculation method of the uncertainty in flatness three-dimensional measurement by certain fitting method is proposed. The method was evaluated and improved according to Procedure for Uncertainty Management, which is given by next generation of GPS. The measurement process which can meet the target uncertainty was obtained at last.

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Huang, Mei Fa, Xiang Qian Li, Yan Ru Zhong, Bing Kuang, and Qiao Yi Wang. "On the Generation of the Specification Surface Model of Planar Feature with Flatness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.379.

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The new-generation standards of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) take the measurement and verification of manufactured parts according to the duality principle. The Specification Surface Model (SSM) is a simulation model of the actual manufactured part which plays a decisive role in the process of duality verification. The existing methods, however, have not been found to carry out much related research on the generation of SSM. This paper presents a method to generate the SSM for the characteristic of planar feature with flatness under the standards of GPS. The mathematical model of the flatness tolerance is firstly established. Secondly, in order to get the simulation points to simulate the actual characteristics of the manufactured parts, both of the functional requirements of the parts and the influences of the manufacturing process are considered. And then the simulation points under the normal distribution are generated within their tolerance zone by computer. By using the approximation method of the least-squares SSM is then obtained. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the proposed method.

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Durakbasa, N. M., P. H. Osanna, and A. Afjehi-Sadat. "A general approach to workpiece characterization in the frame of GPS (Geometrical Product Specification and Verification)." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 41, no. 13-14 (October 2001): 2147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6955(01)00081-5.

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Xu, Yuanping, Paul J. Scott, and Jiaoling Zheng. "Novel Research on a Fibration Knowledge-Based Solution for Engineered Surface Tolerances within the Modern GPS Context." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 26, no. 05 (June 2016): 845–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194016500297.

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Geometrical product specification and verification (GPS) is the only worldwide tolerancing specification language available for unambiguously communicating functional requirements and precisely expressing geometrical tolerances of workpieces on technical drawings. Although the understanding and application of GPS are of vital importance for modern manufacturing industry, the latest GPS standards contain huge amounts of data, information and knowledge that are obscurely linked together, so they are very difficult for designers, engineers and metrologists to understand, remember and comprehensively use them. This is especially true for surface texture that is one of the most complicated geometrical characteristics in GPS domain. To overcome the implementation barrier of GPS surface texture, a novel knowledge-based solution supported formally by a unified knowledge modeling of the complete GPS surface texture standard chain has been researched. This knowledge model can serve as a formal basis for developing more intelligent and reliable tolerance design and measurement systems. This paper starts with an introduction on how to build up a formal knowledge model based on category theory, called categorical fibration model, to unified acquisition and representation of all surface texture knowledge. It then moves on to define a recursive knowledge refinement process for the devised model to enable the recursive multi-level GPS knowledge transformations and refinements. This knowledge model is validated naturally by checking rules identified from category theoretic notions. Finally, this paper presents a general framework for applying the modeled GPS knowledge in practice, from the aspects of the integrated and complete modeling of all surface texture knowledge, detailed knowledge acquisition and modeling examples for four sub-knowledge bases of the proposed software solution, core functional features of this software, and a comprehensive case study for testing its validity and usability. This knowledge-based solution facilitates life cycle collaboration and integration of the complete GPS surface texture chain to reduce product development cost and lead time, and to ensure functional requirements of geometrical workpieces.

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Štrbac, Branko, Miloš Ranisavljev, Biserka Runje, Amalija Horvatić Novak, Andrej Razumić, and Miodrag Hadžistević. "TOTAL UNCERTAINTY IN THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE - AN EXAMPLE ON COORDINATE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS." Journal of Production Engineering 24, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jpe-2021-01-035.

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The measurement result if expressed without confidence interval estimate it is not complete. Confidence Interval is characterized as uncertainty and is a quantitative indicator of the measurement result quality. Measurement uncertainty is mainly caused by factors such as measuring instrument, operator, workpiece, applied strategy and/or measurement conditions. GPS, a standard defining geometrical specification and product verification, integrates the entire product geometry description and defines uncertainty at each stage. The result is a total uncertainty which is usually significantly greater than measurement uncertainty (sometimes twice greater). This study provides a method for estimating total measurement uncertainty of determining flatness error using coordinate measuring machines (CMM).

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Zhang, Ya, and Chun Yang Jia. "Application of Monte Carlo Method in the Measurement Uncertainty Estimation Technology in next Generation of GPS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.253.

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Next generation of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) is the foundation of the technology standards and metrology specifications of mechanical and electric products. GPS estimation of measurement uncertainty can improve the reliability of the verification result. In the indirect measurement, the transfer characteristic is very complex. So, it is very difficult to estimate the uncertainty in the indirect measurements according to the transfer formula given by GUM. For the indirect measuring of an inside cone angle, the mathematical relation between the measurand and measurement results is established firstly. Then Monte Carlo method was adopted to conduct the sampling and synthesis of measurement uncertainty contributors. At last, the measurement method was evaluated and improved according to Procedure for Uncertainty Management. Experimental result shows that Monte Carlo Simulation method has a good application foreground in the uncertainty estimation and measurement program design.

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Zhao, Feng Xia, Qing Hai Wang, Lin Na Zhang, and Peng Zheng. "Uncertainty Evaluation of SEM-Based Nanoroughness Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1319.

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In metrology, a measurement process without uncertainty evaluation is incomplete. The same applies to nanoroughness metrology. In this paper, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM） measurement uncertainty of nanoroughness is studied based on ISO Geometric Product Specification and Verification (GPS). The uncertainty propagation model of SEM-based nanoroughness measurement is presented. The evaluation model of SEM-based standard measurement uncertainty is conducted. As a case study, the line edge roughness uncertainty produced by the JSM-6700F SEM is evaluated.

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Wang, Xu, Mei Fa Huang, and Meng Meng Xiao. "Line to Plane Parallelism Error Evaluation of the New Generation GPS Based on DCWPSO." Advanced Materials Research 662 (February 2013): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.726.

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Currently Least Squares Method (LSM) is commonly applied in the error evaluation, but it is adaptive to the condition of low accuracy requirement. Besides, the error value obtained by LSM is not the minimum. In order to accurately evaluate parallelism error, the minimum zone mathematical model of the parallelism is given based on the new generation geometrical product specification and verifications (GPS). According to the characteristics of parallelism error evaluation, a new adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with dynamical inertia weight (DCWPSO) is proposed to solve target optimization problems of the error evaluation. Finally we use the measurement of a line to plane parallelism error evaluation as an example to validate the proposed method. The experiment results show the feasibility and availability of the method．

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Liu, Dongliang, Peng Zheng, Jianghao Wu, Haotian Yin, and Linna Zhang. "A new method for cylindricity error evaluation based on increment-simplex algorithm." Science Progress 103, no. 4 (October 2020): 003685042095987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420959878.

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A geometric error determines the quality and function of a product to a certain extent. Cylindricity error is an important indicator of the geometric error of form parts. In recent years, with the development of geometric product verification and specification (GPS), the specification of the cylindricity error and high-precision detection have become the focus in the field of industrial metrology. In this paper, by analyzing the existing cylindricity evaluation strategy, a new method for cylindricity error evaluation based on increment-simplex algorithm is proposed. The purpose is to improve the efficiency of cylindricity error analysis on the basis of ensuring the accuracy requirements. First, according to the GPS specification, the characteristics and applications of the circular section method, the helicoid line method, the generatrix line method, and the bird-cage method for the extraction operation are analyzed. And for the fitting operation, the mathematical models of the cylindricity fitting for the least squares cylinder, minimum circumscribed cylinder, maximum inscribed cylinder, and minimum zone cylinder in cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems are constructed. Second, a new method of cylindricity error optimization evaluation based on the incremental optimization method is proposed. A theoretical analysis of the new method is made with the circular section method as an example, and the specific steps of cylindricity error analysis based on the circular section method of the new method are given. Finally, experiments and analysis are carried out, and the accuracies and evaluation efficiencies of the cylindricity error of the different cylindricity measurement and evaluation strategies are compared and analyzed. The results and operating efficiency of the increment-simplex algorithm and the traditional algorithms are compared, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the new method are proved.

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Moroni, Giovanni, Stefano Petrò, and Wilma Polini. "Geometrical product specification and verification in additive manufacturing." CIRP Annals 66, no. 1 (2017): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.043.

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Kuang, Bing, Xiong Cheng, Mei Fa Huang, Yong Hou Sun, and Yu Xuan Wang. "Generation Method for Specification Surface Model of Flatness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 3823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.3823.

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In the new geometrical product specification (GPS), the specification surface model is a new concept in the new-generation geometrical product specification, which is the bridge to connect between nominal model and real model. To solve the problem for generate specification surface model of flatness, a generation method for generate specification surface model of flatness is presented in this paper. Based on the composing of real surface, specification surface model of flatness is classified to three factors: function requirement factor, manufacture process factor, and roughness factor. Aimed at the different characteristic of each factor, generation model for function requirement factor, manufacture process factor, and roughness factor are built respectively. Finally, a plate part is applied to illustrate the proposed generation method for specification surface model of flatness.

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Fengxia, Zhao, Zhang Kunpeng, Zhang Linna, and Zheng Peng. "Research on the Intelligent Annotation Technology of Geometrical Tolerance Based on Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)." Procedia CIRP 27 (2015): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.04.074.

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Mao, Jian, Yanlong Cao, and Jiangxin Yang. "Implementation uncertainty evaluation of cylindricity errors based on geometrical product specification (GPS)." Measurement 42, no. 5 (June 2009): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2008.12.004.

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Gust, Peter, Alina Sersch, and Marco Kuhlmeier. "INFLUENCE OF SPECIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM OF GEOMETRICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS (GPS) ON SCRAP IN TECHNICAL PRODUCTS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.446.

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AbstractThe success of a company is directly linked to its economic objectives. One of the elementary objectives is to maximize profit by reducing the company's own costs in order to increase competitiveness in the market. State of the art is the function-oriented and unambiguous technical specification through the application of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS). Linking costs related to the GPS system is currently only possible to a limited extent. This contribution presents an approach to quantify costs based on statistical tolerance analysis. The application is intended to determine the impact of a GPS-compliant specification in direct comparison to a non-compliant technical drawing by analyzing scrap rates. In this way, an assessment of the changes associated with the consistent application of the GPS system should be achieved. The results of the study show that a comparison is only possible to a certain degree due to the different characteristics. Based on this finding, an extended evaluation methodology is described.

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Deja, Mariusz, and Mieczyslaw Siemiatkowski. "Generative Process Planning with Reasoning Based on Geometrical Product Specification." Key Engineering Materials 597 (December 2013): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.597.159.

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The focus of this paper is on CAPP for parts manufacture in systems of definite process capabilities, involving the use of multi-axis machining centers for parts shaping and grinding machines for finishing. It presents in particular a decision making scheme for setup determination as a part of generative process planning. The planning procedure consists of two stages. The first stage is associated with generic setup determination applying tool accessibility analysis to machined features and reasoning based on geometrical product specification (GPS). The second stage involves machine specific setup planning considering the availability and capability of machines on a shop floor through setup merging. The impact of dimensional and geometric tolerance as well as the surface roughness of relatively complex mechanical element on the generated process plan with several setups was presented. The relevant reasoning mechanism within a decision making scheme on generated process alternatives is shown based on a numeric case.

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Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, and Shuyuan Ma. "New Generation Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) Backed Flatness Error Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001610010066.

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Xu, Yuanping, Zhijie Xu, Xiangqian Jiang, and Paul Scott. "Developing a knowledge-based system for complex geometrical product specification (GPS) data manipulation." Knowledge-Based Systems 24, no. 1 (February 2011): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2010.05.002.

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Gust, Peter, Alina Sersch, Tobias Steger, and Christoph Schluer. "Analysis of Approaches of Tolerance Allocation regarding to Economic Efficiency." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.355.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the current state of research on tolerance-induced costs in Germany. Through a literature research already existing approaches for the determination of costs related to tolerances during the specification of technical components are pointed out and possible approaches for the reduction of these costs are presented. In addition, the actuality of these approaches will be considered. One question that is supposed to be answered here is to what state of standard for the specification of components these approaches can be assigned to. On the other hand, it should be clarified whether the existing approaches are applicable to the currently valid standard system of the Geometrical Product Specification (GPS).Can the economic efficiency of the specifications selected for tolerancing be determined in a technical drawing during the product development process in accordance with GPS on the basis of the current state of research?

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Heping, Peng, and Jiang Xiangqian. "Evaluation and management procedure of measurement uncertainty in new generation geometrical product specification (GPS)." Measurement 42, no. 5 (June 2009): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2008.10.009.

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YAN, Yiqing, and Martin BOHN. "COMPLEMENTING AND ENHANCING DEFINITIONS OF LINE PROFILE COMPOSITE TOLERANCE IMPOSED BY ISO GEOMETRICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION." Journal of Machine Engineering 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0934.

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According to the ISO Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), if two or more specifications of the same characteristic are to be indicated, they may be combined as a composite tolerance. Therefore there are no definition differences between the single separate tolerance indicators and their composite tolerance, which is different from the ASME standards. Hereby, the definitions of the combined tolerance which specifies the additional location, orientation and form of tolerance zone are not explicitly defined in the current ISO. It restricts the required definitions of tolerance specifications of a component which are often utilized in practice. However, the required definitions cannot be notated in the technical drawings by using the ISO semantics, because the ISO definitions are insufficient. It causes definition gaps and misinterpretations. This paper focuses on developing the definitions of line profile composite tolerance and suggests a new approach for explicitly defined and function-oriented systematology of line profile composite tolerance. This research is based on the analysis of physical behaviour of geometric feature of a component on a theoretical level. Completed and enhanced definitions in an improved systematology for line profile composite tolerance is formulated which fills the definition gaps and eliminates the deficits in ISO GPS.

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Yang, Jing Zhao, Bao Zhong Wu, Guo Xi Li, and Jing Zhong Gong. "Standardized Design and Evaluation of Coordinate Measurement Based on the New Generation of GPS." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.212.

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Currently coordinate measurement has been the most important methods of geometric measurement. The measuring principle is completely different with traditional instrument such as gauges, caliper etc. Instrument accuracy assessment, traceability methods and the evaluation of the measurement results have been the research focus. This paper presents a method for specification design and evaluation of coordinate measurement combined with the new generation of GPS (Geometrical product specifications), which are verified by measuring concentricity using laser tracker.

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Zhang, Min, Bart Boeckmans, Jean Pierre Kruth, Wim Dewulf, and Zhao Yao Shi. "Metrology Performance of Laser Line Scanning of Additive Manufacturing Fixtures Based on Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.153.

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To gain a maximum benefit of high-speed optical scanning in the metrological calibration of emerging AM (Additive Manufacturing) fixtures it is necessary to investigate the metrology performance of laser line scanning in particular on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) based on new generation of Geometrical Product Specification standard. A set of designed experiments was set up both on an actual fixture and artefacts manufactured by the Additive Manufacturing company, Materialise-RapidFit+. It enables to identify the influence of a fixture’s geometrical characteristic, material, colour, transparency and roughness, as well as of the alignment of the part coordinate system (PCS) mathematically relating to the machine coordinate system (MCS). Performance measures that were tracked included inspection accuracy, measuring repeatability and time consumption. Results demonstrate that the laser line scanning strategy enables to lower the time consumption in the order of 49% for a fixture with six locators mounted on it and a PC with 128GB RAM, especially providing a superior accuracy performance for complex geometries compared to a tactile measuring strategy.

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Ricci, Francesco, Paul J. Scott, and Xiangqian Jiang. "A categorical model for uncertainty and cost management within the Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) framework." Precision Engineering 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2012.09.005.

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Krystek, Michael Paul, Zhao Yao Shi, and Jia Chun Lin. "Least Squares Association of Geometrical Features by Automatic Differentiation." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.222.

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Least squares association of geometrical features plays an important role in geometrical product specification and verification. Most existing algorithms for the least squares association today usually do not give the covariance matrix associated with the parameters of the respective geometrical feature. The reason is that the complexity of these algorithms can be very high, because partial differential quotients are needed. If the necessary partial difference quotients are calculated by hand and subsequently coded into an algorithm, there is a high risk to introduce unwillingly errors. This paper shows how the least squares algorithm can automatically be generated solely from the equation specifying the distance function of the measured points from the geometrical feature.

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Bao, Jia Ding, Rui Zhao, Yong Hou Sun, Fu Yun Liu, and Mei Fa Huang. "Research on the Evaluation of Plane Orientation Error Based on Uncertainty Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.932.

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Based on coordinate measuring machine (CMM) the given part is measured in any orientation, and then the least square evaluation mathematical model of plane orientation tolerance is established. What’s more, the uncertainty evaluation method of orientation error is proposed according to the uncertainty theory of new geometrical product specification (GPS). The face-to-face angularity is taken as the example to present the effectiveness of the proposed uncertainty evaluation method. The result shows that the uncertainty evaluation method not only meets the requirements of new GPS standard, but also ensures the integrity of the flatness inspection results. As a result, the accuracy of the workpiece inspection can be improved.

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Humienny, Zbigniew. "Can ISO GPS and ASME Tolerancing Systems Define the Same Functional Requirements?" Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 8269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178269.

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Geometrical tolerances are defined in the ISO Geometrical Product Specification system that is used worldwide, but on the other hand, the ASME Y14.5 standard is used in American companies to define how far actual parts may be away from their nominal geometry. This paper aimed to investigate whether specifications defining acceptable geometrical deviations in one system can be transformed to specifications in the other system. Twelve selected cases are discussed in the paper. Particularly, two cases of size tolerance, three cases of form tolerances, one case of orientation tolerance, four cases of position tolerance (including position tolerance with MMR for the pattern of five holes) and, finally, two cases of surface profile tolerance (unequally disposed tolerance zone and dynamic profile tolerance). The issue is not only in the several different symbols and a set of different defaults, but also in the different meanings and different application contexts of some symbols that have the same graphical form. The answer to the question raised in the paper title is yes for the majority of indications specified according to ASME Y14.5 when new tools from the 2017 edition of ISO 1101 are applied.

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Restivo, Maria Teresa, José Rodrigues, Maria Fátima Chouzal, Paulo Menezes, and José Almacinha. "Online Systems for Training the Evaluation of Deviations of Geometrical Characteristics." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 9, S8 (December 4, 2013): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v9is8.3355.

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In mechanical design, product manufacturing and product maintenance, geometrical characteristics such as straightness, flatness, roundness and cylindricity are very important, first in detail design with the specification of their tolerances in order to translate functional requirements into geometrical requirements and later, in the verification of the manufactured workpieces (measurement procedure) for compliance with the design objective. Coordinate Measuring Machines are very expensive equipment widely used to perform automated measurement, to inspect and to analyse engineering components in order to check their conformity with the specifications. This work presents augmented reality systems for conveying these concepts and to provide an introduction to the straightness and flatness evaluations. These systems intend to enable the users to explore the related concepts for training or educational purposes in a more immersive way.

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Romero Subirón, Fernando, Pedro Rosado Castellano, Gracia Bruscas Bellido, and Sergio Benavent Nácher. "Feature-Based Framework for Inspection Process Planning." Materials 11, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091504.

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Feature-based approaches have been profusely used in the last decades to incorporate domain-specific knowledge in the design and development of technical systems that, according to the new Concurrent Engineering approaches, involves not only the definition of the product, but also of the required manufacturing/inspection/assembly process and the corresponding production system. Although the ability of feature-based modeling to ease and integrate knowledge intensive processes has always been recognised, in practise the different feature-based modeling proposals are strongly dependent on the domain and on the development stage of the solution (conceptual, detailed, etc.). On the other hand, inspection process planning, including the design and selection of the technical system to realize the dimensional and geometrical verification of the manufactured artefacts, has been traditionally considered separately from the rest of the manufacturing process planning, and even also from the product functional specification tasks. In this work, a feature-based framework for inspection process planning, based on a similar approach to the one applied in GD&T (Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing) specification, analysis and validation of product artefacts, is presented. With this work, the proposed framework and feature concept ability to model interaction components belonging to both the product and the inspection system (inspection solution) is proved. Moreover, to facilitate the Collaborative and Integrated Development of Product-Process-Resource, the Inspection Feature has been conceived as a specialization of a generic Feature previously proposed by the authors.

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Anwer, Nabil, and Vijay Srinivasan. "Towards a Mathematical Definition of Skin Model for Geometrical Product Specification and Verification and its Physical Interpretation." Procedia CIRP 114 (2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.10.008.

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Ma, Limin, Xiangqian Jiang, Jinxing Wang, Zhengao Xu, and Zhu Li. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study on the expression specifications of geometrical products for function, design, manufacture and verification based on the improved GPS language." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 32, no. 9-10 (March 21, 2006): 990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0395-0.

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Yan, Y., M. Bohn, D. Schäfer, and U. Prof Heisel. "Neue Systematik zur Linienprofiltoleranz*/A new systematic method to define the line profile." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 11-12 (2017): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-11-12-32.

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Die ISO (International Organization for Standardization)-Norm „Geometrische Produktspezifikation“ (GPS) definiert die Linienprofiltoleranz. Die Linie ist entweder eine extrahierte Linie eines Bauteils – spezifiziert durch eine Schnittebene – oder eine abgeleitete Linie. Diese Definition kommt in der Praxis kaum zur Anwendung. Auch können so funktional erforderliche Toleranzinformationen nicht vollständig beschrieben werden. Die Autoren empfehlen in diesem Fachbeitrag eine neue Systematik, basierend auf der Analyse von Bauteilfunktionen, um die Definition der Linienprofiltoleranz zu ergänzen und zu erweitern. Dazu zeigt der Artikel Praxisbeispiele und es wird eine erweiterte Definition des Linienprofils erstellt.   According to the ISO standard on Geometrical Product Specification (GPS), the tolerance symbol of line profile describes a derived middle line or an extracted line of a part specified by an intersection plane. This definition is rarely applied in practice and some functionally required tolerance information of parts made of sheet metal cannot be described by the current ISO definition. This article suggests a new holistic methodology to complete and extent the definition of line profile based on the analysis of product functions and gives practical examples. As a result, this paper presents an enhanced definition of line profile.

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Ma, Limin, Xiangqian Jiang, Jinxing Wang, Zhengao Xu, and Zhu Li. "Erratum to: Retraction Note: Study on the expression specifications of geometrical products for function, design, manufacture and verification based on the improved GPS language." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 57, no. 9-12 (October 6, 2011): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3543-8.

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Zhang, Ya, Jian Zhong Fu, and Zi Chen Chen. "Application of Monte Carlo Method in the Measurement Process Design According to next Generation of GPS." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.96.

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Measurement process has an important impact on the reliability of measurement. The reliability of measurement is weighed by measurement uncertainty. It is very difficult to estimate the uncertainty in the indirect measurements according to the transfer formula given by GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement). Monte Carlo method was proposed to solve the problem of uncertainty estimation and seek suitable measurement process in the indirect measurements. The mathematical relation between the measurand and the direct measures is established firstly. Then Monte Carlo method was adopted to conduct the sampling and synthesis of measurement uncertainty contributors. At last, the measurement method was evaluated and improved according to Procedure for Uncertainty Management, which is given by next generation of GPS (Geometrical Product Specification). Experimental result shows that Monte Carlo Simulation method has a good application foreground in the uncertainty estimation and measurement process design.

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Cheng, Yinbao, Zhongyu Wang, Xiaohuai Chen, Yaru Li, Hongyang Li, Hongli Li, and Hanbin Wang. "Evaluation and Optimization of Task-oriented Measurement Uncertainty for Coordinate Measuring Machines Based on Geometrical Product Specifications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010006.

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Measuring instruments are intended to be intelligent, precise, multi-functional and developing multidirectionally, scientific, and reasonable; the reliable evaluation of measurement uncertainty of precision instruments is also becoming more and more difficult, and the evaluation of the Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) measurement uncertainty is among the typical problems. Based on Geometric Product Specification (GPS), this paper has systematically studied the CMM uncertainty for evaluating the size and geometrical errors oriented toward measurement tasks, and thus has realized the rapid and reliable evaluation of the CMM uncertainty for task-oriented measurement. For overestimation of the CMM uncertainty for task-oriented measurements in the initial evaluation, a systematic optimization solution has been proposed. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the evaluation model and the optimization method have been verified by three different types of measurement examples of diameter, flatness and perpendicularity. It is typical and representative to systematically solve the problem of the CMM uncertainty for evaluating the measurement tasks targeted at dimensions and geometric errors, and the research contents can be effectively applied to solve the uncertainty evaluation problems of other precision instruments, which are of great practical significance not only for promoting the combination of modern uncertainty theory and practical applications but also for improving the application values of precision measurement instruments.

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Płowucha, Wojciech, and Władysław Jakubiec. "Theory and Practice of Uncertainty Evaluation of Coordinate Measurements." Key Engineering Materials 613 (May 2014): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.613.344.

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Long-lasting works on the ISO 15530 series can be a proof for complexity of uncertainty evaluation of coordinate measurements for different characteristics defined according to the rules of geometrical product specification (GPS). Even the best known procedures (using the calibrated workpiece and using computer simulation) have not been implemented widely. The authors have elaborated the methodology and the software (EMU-CMMUncertaintyTM) which makes possible evaluation of the measurement uncertainty with less effort. The software has been developed with following assumptions. Uncertainty budget includes influences of particular geometrical errors of the CMM, probing system errors as well as temperature errors. Applied algorithms use type B method according to the rules of GUM. Uncertainty is analysed separately for each characteristic (task-specific approach). Uncertainty of measurement for particular characteristic is calculated with the formula describing the characteristic as a function of differences of coordinates of characteristic points of the workpiece. The paper presents some new details concerning formulation of uncertainty budget. Among others the methodology is presented for estimation of uncertainty component arising from the fact that some characteristic points are not integral features (surface points) but derived features (axes points).

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Wen, Xiulan, Shun He, GuiFang Qiao, Dongxia Wang, Aiguo Song, ChuanShuai Kang, and Zhongyan Lv. "Uncertainty Estimation of Robot Geometric Parameters and End-Effecter Position Based on New Generation GPS." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (June 9, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7830489.

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The robot end-effecter positioning accuracy can be improved by the calibration of robot geometric parameters errors. According to the requirements of new generation geometrical product specification (GPS), the calibration uncertainty should be given when the calibration results are given. In this paper, the modified Denavit-Hartenberg method (MDH) of six-joint series robot is established and the joint movement trajectory method is applied to calibrate the robot geometric parameters. The uncertainty contributors significant are analyzed and the calibration uncertainty of robot geometric parameters is estimated based on the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). In order to overcome the limitations of GUM for highly nonlinear model and reduce computational cost based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) error estimation, an adaptive MCS (AMCS) is proposed to estimate the uncertainty distribution of robot end-effector position. Simulation and practical example are illustrated and the experiments results confirm that not only can the proposed method evaluate the calibration uncertainty of geometric parameters, but also the uncertainty distribution of end-effecter positions in the whole robot workspace can be estimated by AMCS in which the number of MCS trials can be selected adaptively and the quality of the numerical results can be controlled directly. The proposed method not only can evaluate the uncertainty of six-joint series robot geometric parameters and end-effecter position rapidly and accurately, but also can be popularized to the estimation of calibration uncertainty of other kinds of robot geometric parameters.

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Y. Orlov, Mikhail, and Sergey S. Matveev. "Numerical Simulation Application for the Design and Fine-Tuning of Small-Sized Gas Turbine Engine Combustor." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010450.

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The small-sized GTE are used more and more both as the basis of power plants and power machines for various purposes. The technical and operational characteristics of these engines are largely determined by the design quality of their combustion chambers (CC). One of the most advanced methods of CC scientific investigation is the bench testing. However, such CC operation study is complicated by labour-intensiveness of an experiment and its significant costs. Therefore, in recent years GTE designers started to use widely the numerical simulation for these purposes. However, the level of such calculation development does not allow often to solve the issue of CC fine-tuning in order to achieve the required parameters. It is also difficult to determine the reliability degree of such calculations. The preliminary calculation of the combustion chamber was performed first of all. Its purpose is the CC shape development and its determination of its geometric dimensions. At that, the main requirement was to ensure the possibilities of one CC placement between the previously-designed compressor and the turbine and the performance of a whole set of technical specifications by the engine. At the second stage using The CC fine-tuning was performed in order to optimize the performance by using CFD-calculation. At that the calculated method was used for which the verification has been performed by the bench tests. Such a CC fine-tuning allowed to reduce the product development period and improve its characteristics.

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Eseholi, Tarek, François-Xavier Coudoux, Patrick Corlay, Rahmad Sadli, and Maxence Bigerelle. "A Multiscale Topographical Analysis Based on Morphological Information: The HEVC Multiscale Decomposition." Materials 13, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 5582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235582.

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In this paper, we evaluate the effect of scale analysis as well as the filtering process on the performances of an original compressed-domain classifier in the field of material surface topographies classification. Each surface profile is multiscale analyzed by using a Gaussian Filter analyzing method to be decomposed into three multiscale filtered image types: Low-pass (LP), Band-pass (BP), and High-pass (HP) filtered versions, respectively. The complete set of filtered image data constitutes the collected database. First, the images are lossless compressed using the state-of-the art High-efficiency video coding (HEVC) video coding standard. Then, the Intra-Prediction Modes Histogram (IPHM) feature descriptor is computed directly in the compressed domain from each HEVC compressed image. Finally, we apply the IPHM feature descriptors as an input of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. SVM is introduced here to strengthen the performances of the proposed classification system thanks to the powerful properties of machine learning tools. We evaluate the proposed solution we called “HEVC Multiscale Decomposition” (HEVC-MD) on a huge database of nearly 42,000 multiscale topographic images. A simple preliminary version of the algorithm reaches an accuracy of 52%. We increase this accuracy to 70% by using the multiscale analysis of the high-frequency range HP filtered image data sets. Finally, we verify that considering only the highest-scale analysis of low-frequency range LP was more appropriate for classifying our six surface topographies with an accuracy of up to 81%. To compare these new topographical descriptors to those conventionally used, SVM is applied on a set of 34 roughness parameters defined on the International Standard GPS ISO 25178 (Geometrical Product Specification), and one obtains accuracies of 38%, 52%, 65%, and 57% respectively for Sa, multiscale Sa, 34 roughness parameters, and multiscale ones. Compared to conventional roughness descriptors, the HEVC-MD descriptors increase surfaces discrimination from 65% to 81%.

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Schleich, Benjamin, Nabil Anwer, Luc Mathieu, and Sandro Wartzack. "Contact and Mobility Simulation for Mechanical Assemblies Based on Skin Model Shapes." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029051.

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Assembly modeling as one of the most important steps in the product development activity relies more and more on the extensive use of computer-aided design (cad) systems. The modeling of geometric interfaces between the components of the assembly is of central importance in the simulation of mechanical assemblies. Over the past decades, many researchers have devoted their efforts to establish theories and systems covering assembly modeling. Although the product form or shape has been extensively investigated considering the nominal cad geometry, inevitable limitations can be reported. Computer aided tolerancing (CAT) systems provide simulation tools for modeling the effects of tolerances on the assembly but still lack of form deviation considerations. The skin model concept which stemmed from the theoretical foundations of geometrical product specification and verification (GPS) has been developed to enrich the nominal geometry considering realistic physical shapes. However, the digital representation of the skin model has been investigated only recently. This paper presents a novel approach for a skin model based simulation of contact and mobility for assemblies. Three important issues are addressed: the geometric modeling of the contact, the contact quality evaluation, and the motion analysis. The main contribution to CAT can be found in the analysis of the effects of geometric form deviations on the assembly and motion behavior of solid mechanics, which comprises models for the assembly simulation, for the contact quality evaluation, and for the motion analysis. A case study is presented to illustrate the proposed approaches.

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Ballu, Alex, Luc Mathieu, and Jean-Yves Dantan. "Formal Language for GeoSpelling." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029216.

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In order to tackle the ambiguities of geometrical product specification (GPS), GeoSpelling language has been developed to express the semantics of specifications. A detailed syntax of GeoSpelling is proposed in this paper. A specification is defined as a sequence of operations on the skin model. The syntax is based on instructions used in computer programming language: call to functions and flow control by condition and loop. In GeoSpelling, the call to functions corresponds to the declaration of operations; loops make it possible to manage a set of features with rigor and conditions to select features from a set.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS)'

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